The use of trans-vaginal ultrasound (TVU) has become increasingly popular in diagnosing and treating infertility. TVU allows for a detailed examination of the female reproductive organs and can aid in identifying abno...The use of trans-vaginal ultrasound (TVU) has become increasingly popular in diagnosing and treating infertility. TVU allows for a detailed examination of the female reproductive organs and can aid in identifying abnormalities that may be contributing to infertility [1]. Additionally, TVU can assist in monitoring fertility treatments, such as in vitro fertilization. By TVS diagnosis of focal intrauterine lesions, uterine malformations and leiomyomas are easily delineated and nearly approaches the sensitivity of hysteroscopy. Abnormality of uterine cavity may affect fertility by inhibiting implantation [2]. TVS seems very accurate in the diagnosis of presence or extension of frank pelvic inflammatory disease and also promising in augmenting the outpatient diagnosis of PID among patients referred for lower abdominal pain. In addition to these conditions trans-vaginal sonography has also been described in the diagnosis of pelvic abscesses, pelvic mass, endometriomas, hydrosalpinx, intra uterine adhesions (Asherman’s syndrome), uterine hypoplasia and other developmental anomalies like mullerian or vaginal agenesis associated with infertility. In this study, it was established transvaginal sonography as a new and reliable diagnostic method by which was able to proceed accurately with more confidence in diagnosing infertility. The Study was a cross sectional study which was conducted at Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Cumilla. During the ultrasound exam, the Study physician evaluated 45 patients by TVS. Among 45 Patients, 8.89% of Leiomyoma, 11.11% of endometrioma, 6.67% of developmental abnormalities i.e. absent uterus, rudimentary uterus, ovarian agenesis, vaginal agenesis and short vagina. 15.56% of bulky uterus with PID, 24.44% of PCOD, 4.44% of retroverted uterus, 6.67% have adnexal cyst and 2.22% are found to have hydrosalpinx. The study found 20% (9 cases) of normal findings of pelvis. We found correlation between clinical findings and TVS findings subsequently 44.44% of leiomyoma, 71.43% of Endometrioma, 60% of Developmental anomaly, 69.23% of Normal Study, 77.78% of Bulky uterus with PID, 84.62% of PCOD, 66.67% of Retroverted Uterus, 60% of adnexal Cyst.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the effect of Cocus nucifera L. flowers in reducing the major multiple symptoms of letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian disease(PCOD) in female rats. METHOD: Female, virgin Wistar rats were treated wi...AIM: To evaluate the effect of Cocus nucifera L. flowers in reducing the major multiple symptoms of letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian disease(PCOD) in female rats. METHOD: Female, virgin Wistar rats were treated with letrozole(1 mg/kg body wt) to induce PCOD, and after 21 days of induction rats were administered orally with 100 and 200 mg·kg-1 of Cocus nucifera flower aqueous extract, respectively. Estrus cycle and blood sugar were monitored once a week throughout the study. After scarification, various biochemical parameters, such as antioxidant status(superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione reductase(GSH)) of the uterus homogenate, lipid profile(total cholesterol(TC), high density lipoprotein(HDL), low density lipoprotein(LDL), and triglycerides(TG)) of the serum were determined. Weights of the uterus and ovaries were separately monitored. The characteristics of changes in the ovary were evaluated by histopathological studies. RESULTS: GC-MS analysis of the aqueous extract showed the presence of volatile and pharmacologically active phytoconstituents. C. nucifera flower extract-treated groups showed estrus cyclicity and increased uterus weight which indicates the estrogenic effect. The improved blood sugar level, ideal lipid profile, good antioxidant status, and histopathology results revealed the recovery from poly cystic ovaries. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that C. nucifera flower is a potential medicine for the treatment of PCOD and this study supports the traditional uses of C. nucifera flower.展开更多
“What's in a name?That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet”-William Shakespeare Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)is one of the commonest endocrinopathy in the reproductive age group,as depi...“What's in a name?That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet”-William Shakespeare Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)is one of the commonest endocrinopathy in the reproductive age group,as depicted in a study among the North Indian population[1].The nomenclatures,the diagnostic criteria,the pathophysiology,and the modalities of treatment are full of controversies.Other names for this syndrome include Stein-Leventhal syndrome,polycystic ovary disease(PCOD),polycystic ovarian disease,functional ovarian hyperandrogenism,ovarian hyperthecosis and sclerocystic ovary syndrome,etc.展开更多
文摘The use of trans-vaginal ultrasound (TVU) has become increasingly popular in diagnosing and treating infertility. TVU allows for a detailed examination of the female reproductive organs and can aid in identifying abnormalities that may be contributing to infertility [1]. Additionally, TVU can assist in monitoring fertility treatments, such as in vitro fertilization. By TVS diagnosis of focal intrauterine lesions, uterine malformations and leiomyomas are easily delineated and nearly approaches the sensitivity of hysteroscopy. Abnormality of uterine cavity may affect fertility by inhibiting implantation [2]. TVS seems very accurate in the diagnosis of presence or extension of frank pelvic inflammatory disease and also promising in augmenting the outpatient diagnosis of PID among patients referred for lower abdominal pain. In addition to these conditions trans-vaginal sonography has also been described in the diagnosis of pelvic abscesses, pelvic mass, endometriomas, hydrosalpinx, intra uterine adhesions (Asherman’s syndrome), uterine hypoplasia and other developmental anomalies like mullerian or vaginal agenesis associated with infertility. In this study, it was established transvaginal sonography as a new and reliable diagnostic method by which was able to proceed accurately with more confidence in diagnosing infertility. The Study was a cross sectional study which was conducted at Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Cumilla. During the ultrasound exam, the Study physician evaluated 45 patients by TVS. Among 45 Patients, 8.89% of Leiomyoma, 11.11% of endometrioma, 6.67% of developmental abnormalities i.e. absent uterus, rudimentary uterus, ovarian agenesis, vaginal agenesis and short vagina. 15.56% of bulky uterus with PID, 24.44% of PCOD, 4.44% of retroverted uterus, 6.67% have adnexal cyst and 2.22% are found to have hydrosalpinx. The study found 20% (9 cases) of normal findings of pelvis. We found correlation between clinical findings and TVS findings subsequently 44.44% of leiomyoma, 71.43% of Endometrioma, 60% of Developmental anomaly, 69.23% of Normal Study, 77.78% of Bulky uterus with PID, 84.62% of PCOD, 66.67% of Retroverted Uterus, 60% of adnexal Cyst.
文摘AIM: To evaluate the effect of Cocus nucifera L. flowers in reducing the major multiple symptoms of letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian disease(PCOD) in female rats. METHOD: Female, virgin Wistar rats were treated with letrozole(1 mg/kg body wt) to induce PCOD, and after 21 days of induction rats were administered orally with 100 and 200 mg·kg-1 of Cocus nucifera flower aqueous extract, respectively. Estrus cycle and blood sugar were monitored once a week throughout the study. After scarification, various biochemical parameters, such as antioxidant status(superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione reductase(GSH)) of the uterus homogenate, lipid profile(total cholesterol(TC), high density lipoprotein(HDL), low density lipoprotein(LDL), and triglycerides(TG)) of the serum were determined. Weights of the uterus and ovaries were separately monitored. The characteristics of changes in the ovary were evaluated by histopathological studies. RESULTS: GC-MS analysis of the aqueous extract showed the presence of volatile and pharmacologically active phytoconstituents. C. nucifera flower extract-treated groups showed estrus cyclicity and increased uterus weight which indicates the estrogenic effect. The improved blood sugar level, ideal lipid profile, good antioxidant status, and histopathology results revealed the recovery from poly cystic ovaries. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that C. nucifera flower is a potential medicine for the treatment of PCOD and this study supports the traditional uses of C. nucifera flower.
文摘“What's in a name?That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet”-William Shakespeare Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)is one of the commonest endocrinopathy in the reproductive age group,as depicted in a study among the North Indian population[1].The nomenclatures,the diagnostic criteria,the pathophysiology,and the modalities of treatment are full of controversies.Other names for this syndrome include Stein-Leventhal syndrome,polycystic ovary disease(PCOD),polycystic ovarian disease,functional ovarian hyperandrogenism,ovarian hyperthecosis and sclerocystic ovary syndrome,etc.
