Objective:Aiming at the problems of clinical pathway optimization and medical cost control for stroke patients,this study proposes a clinical pathway discrimination model based on the XGBoost integrated learning algor...Objective:Aiming at the problems of clinical pathway optimization and medical cost control for stroke patients,this study proposes a clinical pathway discrimination model based on the XGBoost integrated learning algorithm.Combined with the multi-objective programming(MOP)method,this study explores its application value under the Diagnosis-Intervention Packet(DIP)payment model.Methods:The data of stroke patients(ICD codes I60-I63)from 2018 to 2024 were obtained through the medical record statistical management system of medical institutions in Guangdong Province.Efficiency indicators(average length of hospital stay),health economics indicators(total cost),effectiveness indicators(mortality rate),and specific indicators(NIHSS score)were extracted.The XGBoost algorithm was used to construct the clinical pathway discrimination model,and the hyperparameters were optimized through grid search.Based on the DIP payment rules,the prediction results of the model were used as inputs to establish a dynamic programming model,aiming to minimize costs and maximize curative effects to obtain the optimal clinical pathway plan.Results:The goodness-of-fit(R 2)of the XGBoost model on the test set reached 0.768,which was significantly better than that of the random forest(0.691)and the BP neural network(0.343).The total cost of the clinical pathway optimized by the dynamic programming model decreased by 12.7%(95%CI:10.2-15.1%),the average length of hospital stay was shortened by 1.8 days,and the NIHSS improvement rate increased by 8.3%.Conclusion:The integrated model proposed in this study has high accuracy and robustness in clinical pathway discrimination.Combined with the MOP method,it can provide a scientific basis for the optimization of medical resources under the DIP model,helping medical institutions achieve the dual goals of precise cost control and curative effect improvement.展开更多
Money is how we pay for things that we need.People pay for things in cash,which is the main form for a long time.Nowadays,there are more ways to pay than ever,including mobile payment or e-payments.Cash comes in the f...Money is how we pay for things that we need.People pay for things in cash,which is the main form for a long time.Nowadays,there are more ways to pay than ever,including mobile payment or e-payments.Cash comes in the form of banknotes and coins;e-payments make people buy things through a phone and watch.So,which way of buying things is better?展开更多
Mangrove ecosystems support biodiversity,protect coastal areas,and provide sustainable livelihoods.However,they face significant threats from deforestation and unsustainable land use practices.This study examines the ...Mangrove ecosystems support biodiversity,protect coastal areas,and provide sustainable livelihoods.However,they face significant threats from deforestation and unsustainable land use practices.This study examines the viability of the payments for ecosystem services(PES)programs in promoting sustainable mangrove tourism in Tongke-Tongke Village,Sinjai District,South SulawesiProvince,Indonesia.We collected data through household surveys,semi-structured stakeholder interviews,and tourist questionnaires to evaluate the economic value of mangrove tourism and tourists’willingness to pay(WTP)for conservation.Analytical methods included quantitative descriptive analysis,thematic analysis,travel cost analysis,and contingent valuationmethod.The results indicatedstrong community support,with 70.00% of respondents acknowledging sustainable mangrove tourism’s economic,environmental,and cultural benefits.Economic estimates revealedthat mangrove tourism generated 943.00 USD/(hm^(2)·a),while tourists’WTP for conservation rangedfrom 0.21 to 0.56 USD/(person×month),contributing approximately 11.39 USD/(hm^(2)·a).Despite challenges such as inadequate infrastructure,socioeconomic disparities,and land privatization,this study advocates for integrating the PES programs,enhancing governance frameworks,and fostering local community engagement to ensure equitable benefit distribution and maximize the potential of mangrove tourism.These strategies aim to bolster conservation efforts,improve local livelihoods,and strengthen the resilience of mangroveecosystems.展开更多
The time-varying difference-in-difference model is used to identify the impact of payment technology on residents’consumption,and the moderation effect analysis method is used to identify its mechanism.It is found th...The time-varying difference-in-difference model is used to identify the impact of payment technology on residents’consumption,and the moderation effect analysis method is used to identify its mechanism.It is found that payment technology promotes consumption capacity expansion and quality improvement(CEQI)through three pathways of alleviating liquidity constraints,reducing transaction costs and weakening the payment of pain.The parallel and serial mechanisms of the three are further explored.The effect of payment technology on the CEQI of residents’consumption shows obvious heterogeneity due to differences in urban and rural household registration and financial literacy.Based on the empirical research results and the national conditions of China,targeted policy recommendations are proposed from the demand side,the supply side and the technological side.展开更多
In the contemporary world, there are three interconnected global environmental crises (climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution). The common thread is the unsustainable pattern of production and consumption, w...In the contemporary world, there are three interconnected global environmental crises (climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution). The common thread is the unsustainable pattern of production and consumption, which leads to international and local socio-environmental injustices. Seeking environmental justice in Brazil, the success of the rubber tapper social movement stands out, culminating in the Chico Mendes Extractive Reserve (RESEX) implementation in the Brazilian Amazon. However, the residents have struggled to generate income to help their families’ social reproduction. Conventional payment instruments for environmental services have failed to remunerate the socio-environmental attributes of sustainable products adequately. This paper aims to carry out a socio-environmental economic-ecological valuation of the main extractive products of the RESEX in 2021/2022. To this end, a methodology calculates the cost of social reproduction of rural family production, being a non-market price index reference for monetary valuation. The results indicate the acceptability of the socio-environmental valuation of native rubber and Brazil nuts, as they can guarantee environmental conservation, improve the families’ well-being with adequate income for their social reproduction, as well as value attributes outside the market, which helps in the fight against further expropriation or enclosure of rural families in the Amazon.展开更多
Disruptive innovations caused by FinTech(i.e.,technology-assisted customized financial services)have brought digital peer-to-peer(P2P)payments to the fore.In this challenging environment and based on theories about cu...Disruptive innovations caused by FinTech(i.e.,technology-assisted customized financial services)have brought digital peer-to-peer(P2P)payments to the fore.In this challenging environment and based on theories about customer behavior in response to technological innovations,this paper identifies the drivers of consumer adoption of mobile P2P payments and develops a machine learning model to predict the use of this thriving payment option.To do so,we use a unique data set with information from 701 participants(observations)who completed a questionnaire about the adoption of Bizum,a leading mobile P2P platform worldwide.The respondent profile was the average Spanish citizen within the framework of European culture and lifestyle.We document(in this order of priority)the usefulness of mobile P2P payments,influence of peers and other social groups such as friends,family,and colleagues on individual behavior(that is,subjective norms),perceived trust,and enjoyment of the user experience within the digital context and how those attributes better classify(potential)users of mobile P2P payments.We also find that nonparametric approaches based on machine learning algorithms outperform traditional parametric methods.Finally,our results show that feature selection based on random forest,such as the Boruta procedure,as a preprocessing technique substantially increases prediction performance while reducing noise,redundancy of the resulting model,and computational costs.The main limitation of this research is that it only has a place within the sociocultural and institutional framework of the Spanish population.It is therefore desirable to replicate this study by surveying people from other countries to analyze the effects of the institutional environment on the adoption of mobile P2P payments.展开更多
In this paper, an EOQ inventory model is developed for deteriorating items with variable rates of deterioration and conditions of grace periods when demand is a quadratic function of time. The deterioration rate consi...In this paper, an EOQ inventory model is developed for deteriorating items with variable rates of deterioration and conditions of grace periods when demand is a quadratic function of time. The deterioration rate considered here is a special type of Weibull distribution deterioration rate, i.e., a one-parameter Weibull distribution deterioration rate and it increases with respect to time. The quadratic demand precisely depicts of the demand of seasonal items, fashion apparels, cosmetics, and newly launched essential commodities like android mobiles, laptops, automobiles etc., coming to the market. The model is divided into three policies according to the occurrence of the grace periods. Shortages, backlogging and complete backlogging cases are not allowed to occur in the model. The proposed model is well-explained with the help of a simple solution procedure. The three numerical examples are taken to illustrate the effectiveness of the EOQ inventory model along with sensitivity analysis.展开更多
Purpose This study aims to identify which determinants are responsible for impacting the user experience of three peer-to-peer(P2P)payment services in the Spanish market.Design/methodology/approach A sample of all onl...Purpose This study aims to identify which determinants are responsible for impacting the user experience of three peer-to-peer(P2P)payment services in the Spanish market.Design/methodology/approach A sample of all online reviews(n=16,048)published in Google Play of three paytech apps—Bizum,Twyp,and Verse—was analyzed using text mining and sentiment analysis.Findings A holistic interpretation of the seed terms included in each aspect allowed to label them based on the preferences expressed by paytech app users in their reviews.Six latent aspects were identified:ease of use,usefulness,perceived value,performance expectancy,perceived quality,and user experience.In addition,the results of the analysis suggest a positivity bias in the online reviews of fintech P2P app users.Our results also show that online reviews of apps associated with banks or financial institutions,such as Bizum(to a greater extent)or Twyp,show more negative emotions,whereas independent apps(Verse)show more positive emotions.Moreover,the most critical users are those of unidentified gender,while women remain in a more neutral position,and men tend to express their opinions more positively regarding P2P payment apps.Practical implications Paytech providers should analyze the problems faced by users immediately after an encounter.By applying text mining analysis,service providers can gain efficiency in understanding user sentiments and emotions without tedious and time-consuming reviews.Originality/value This is a pioneering study on peer-to-peer(P2P)mobile payment systems from the user’s perspective because it investigates the emotions and sentiments that users convey through bank reviews.展开更多
This study examines the transformative impact of Apple Pay on urban landscapes and socioeconomic frameworks,with a particular focus on spending patterns and retail dynamics in metropolitan areas.By evaluating the adop...This study examines the transformative impact of Apple Pay on urban landscapes and socioeconomic frameworks,with a particular focus on spending patterns and retail dynamics in metropolitan areas.By evaluating the adoption levels,the technological support,and the social impact of Apple Pay,the study shows that the service is both a catalyst for the development of digital payment and a sign of an increasing social gap.Although it has rapidly transformed Retail Enterprises and supported the construction of smart cities,especially in major world cities such as New York,London,and Tokyo,the work has brought out notable digital divides.Although Apple Pay,with more than 75%of iPhone users and 9,000 banks in 60 world areas and regions,has impacts that are not the same across urban populations,the study shows that while large format retailers have effectively adopted Apple Pay for value-added services to consumers and enhanced payment efficiency,small businesses encounter significant barriers in implementation.Additionally,the technology leverages smartphone usage and banking relationships,which does not address considerable urban population demographics and deeper issues of technology exclusion and inequality in the contemporary city.Such results call for attaining a just society’s technological advancement for efficiencies while still catering to all groups of urban dwellers.展开更多
This study investigates how financial literacy and behavioral traits affect the adoption of electronic payment(ePayment)services in Japan.We construct a financial literacy index using a representative sample of 25,000...This study investigates how financial literacy and behavioral traits affect the adoption of electronic payment(ePayment)services in Japan.We construct a financial literacy index using a representative sample of 25,000 individuals from the Bank of Japan’s 2019 Financial Literacy Survey.We then analyze the relationship between this index and the extensive and intensive usage of two types of payment services:electronic money(e-money)and mobile payment apps.Using an instrumental variable approach,we find that higher financial literacy is positively associated with a higher likelihood of adopting ePayment services.The empirical results suggest that individuals with higher financial literacy use payment services more frequently.We also find that risk-averse people are less likely to adopt and use ePayment services,whereas people with herd behavior tend to adopt and use ePayment services more.Our empirical results also suggest that the effects of financial literacy on the adoption and use of ePayment differ among people with different behavioral traits.展开更多
This study utilizes a time-precedence network technique to construct two models of multi-mode resource constrained project scheduling problem with discounted cash flows （MRCPSPDCF）, individually including the progre...This study utilizes a time-precedence network technique to construct two models of multi-mode resource constrained project scheduling problem with discounted cash flows （MRCPSPDCF）, individually including the progress payment （PP） and the payment at an equal time interval （ETI）. The objective of each model is to maximize the net present value （NPV） for all cash flows in the project, subject to the related operational constraints. The models are characterized as NP-hard. A heuristic algorithm, coupled with two upper bound solutions, is proposed to efficiently solve the models and evaluate the heuristic algorithm performance which was not performed in past studies. The results show that the performance of proposed models and heuristic algorithm is good.展开更多
The goal of this paper is to spot out factors affecting the intention to use mobile payment service plan in Vietnam.This study attempts to analyze the impact of various variables extracted from mobility,convenience,co...The goal of this paper is to spot out factors affecting the intention to use mobile payment service plan in Vietnam.This study attempts to analyze the impact of various variables extracted from mobility,convenience,compatibility,M-payment knowledge,ease to use,usefulness,risk,,trust,and safe to use on intention to use mobile payment.Quantitative questionnaire is used to measure responses of participants.The statistical analysis method employed in this study is to apply Structural Equation Modeling to test all hypotheses.The results indicate that the strong predictors of the intention to use M-payment are perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness.All respondents show that they do not care about risk when they have intention to use mobile payment services.Convenience of mobility,compatibility,and mobile payment knowledge have impacts on ease to use and usefulness.Among of them,compatibility has the most significant impact o11 ease to use and usefulness in the opinion of those surveyed.Specially,it proved that trust of safe to use has no significant impact on usefulness,but instead has direct impact on intension to use mobile payment services.The outcomes of this research have important connotations for the improvement and development of mobile payment services in Vietnam.Therefore,at the end of this paper,some suggestions based on research results are given for the future development of mobile payment service business in Vietnam.展开更多
Mobile medical service has become an indispensable method for the hospitals to improve service quality, while mobile payment has provided an effective solution for solving the problems of long queuing, long examinatio...Mobile medical service has become an indispensable method for the hospitals to improve service quality, while mobile payment has provided an effective solution for solving the problems of long queuing, long examination time, long waiting before being hospitalized and short time of diagnosis and treatment of the traditional outpatient services. With the increasing diversification of payment methods, it is necessary for the hospitals to establish a unified payment platform in order to support different business scenarios according to needs and standardize the interfaces of various developers and manufacturers. In addition, it will help the Financial Department timely identify the problems in the tons of transaction data and better serve the goals of the hospitals to streamline the procedures of medical services and achieve concentrated information management.展开更多
Payment for ecosystem services （PES） has attracted considerable attention as an economic incentive for promoting natural resource management recently. As emphasis has been placed on using the incentive-based mechani...Payment for ecosystem services （PES） has attracted considerable attention as an economic incentive for promoting natural resource management recently. As emphasis has been placed on using the incentive-based mechanism by the central government, rapid progress on PES research and practice has been achieved. However PES still faces many difficulties. A key issue is the lack of a fully-fledged theory and method to clearly define the design scope, accounting and feasibility of PES criteria. An improved watershed criteria model was developed in light of research on PES practices in China, investigations on the water source area for the Middle Route Project of South-to-North Water Diversion and ecosystem services outflows theory. The basic principle of assessment is the direct and opportunity cost for ecological conservation and environmental protection in the water source area deduct nationally-financed PES and internal effect. Then the scope and the criteria methods were determined, and internal effect was put forward to define benefits brought from water source area. Finally, Shiyan City, which is the main water source area for the Project of Water Diversion, was analyzed by this model and its payment was calculated. The results showed that： （1） during 2003–2050, the total direct cost and opportunity cost would reach up to 262.70 billion and 256.33 billion Chinese Yuan （CNY, 2000 constant prices）, i.e., 50.61% and 49.38% of total cost, respectively; （2） Shiyan City would gain 0.23, 0.06 and 0.03 CNY/m3 in 2014–2020, 2021–2030, and 2031–2050, respectively.展开更多
This study uses TAM to examine the factors that influence the adoption of mobile payment in China.The proposed model is empirically evaluated based on TAM by using data collected from 370 users concerning their percep...This study uses TAM to examine the factors that influence the adoption of mobile payment in China.The proposed model is empirically evaluated based on TAM by using data collected from 370 users concerning their perceptions of mobile payment.The findings indicate that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use have significant effects on users'attitude.Furthermore,network externality is also an important factor influencing the adoption.But customers have weak perceptions of the risks of M-payment.The results may provide further insights into mobile payment strategies.展开更多
Following the recommendations of a report submitted by the Central Social Insurance Medical Council concerning the 2002 revision of the Medical Service Fee Schedule, a new inclu-sive payment system, which is based on ...Following the recommendations of a report submitted by the Central Social Insurance Medical Council concerning the 2002 revision of the Medical Service Fee Schedule, a new inclu-sive payment system, which is based on the Diagnosis Procedure Combination (DPC) sys-tem, was introduced in 82 special functioning hospitals in Japan, effective beginning in April 2003. Since April 2004, the system has been gradually extended to general hospitals that satisfy certain prerequisites. In this paper, the new inclusive payment system is analyzed. Data pertaining to 1,225 patients, who were hospital-ized for cataract diseases and underwent lens operations from July 2004 to September 2005, are used. The lengths of hospital stay and medical payments among hospitals are com-pared. Even after eliminating the influence of patient characteristics, there are large differ-ences among hospitals in average lengths of hospital stay and DPC-based inclusive pay-ments. The highest average inclusive payment is 3.5 times as high as the lowest payment. On the other hand, there are relatively small differ-ences in non-inclusive payments based on the conventional fee-for-service system—the larg-est deviation from the average of all hospitals is approximately 10%. Thus, although payments based on the DPC account for only one-third of the total medical payments for this disease, the major differences in medical payments among hospitals are caused by differences in their DPC-based inclusive payments. The results of the study strongly suggest that revisions of the payment system in Japan are necessary for the efficient use of medical resources in the future.展开更多
Objective： An understanding of the levels and trends of medical cost is made for breast cancer patients with different medical insurance coverages in China（mainland）, in an attempt to offer a clue to further contro...Objective： An understanding of the levels and trends of medical cost is made for breast cancer patients with different medical insurance coverages in China（mainland）, in an attempt to offer a clue to further control the costs.Methods： The inpatient payments of 9,716,180 breast cancer patients spent in medical institutions of different types and grades during 2011–2015 were collected from the inpatient medical record home page（IMRHP） dataset.The data were then processed with SAS（Version 9.3; SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA）. Indicators like means,increase（decrease） percentages were used to descriptively analyze the average hospitalization expense of each time（AHEET） and its trends of breast cancer patients with different medical insurance coverages treated in medical institutions of different types and grades.Results：In 2011–2015,the AHEET borne by breast cancer patients in China had been constantly increasing.Specifically,the self-pay inpatients had the largest increase,inpatients covered by Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance（UEBMI）and Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance（URBMI）were the next,and those covered by New Rural Cooperative Medical System（NRCMS）had the least increase.Breast cancer inpatient treated in public hospitals had quite greater increase and higher expenditure level than those in private hospitals.The AHEET borne by the inpatients in Grade 3 hospitals had greater increase and higher cost than those in Grade 2 hospitals.Conclusions：The inpatient payments of breast cancer patients will be wisely controlled by reducing the number of self-pay inpatients,taking advantage of restriction mechanism of the medical insurances,and promoting healthy competition between private hospitals and public hospitals.The economic burden imposed on the society by breast cancer can be relieved through further control of inpatient payments of UEBMI-and URBMI-covered breast cancer patients and of Grade 3 hospitals.展开更多
In this paper, we propose a trusted mobile payment environment （TMPE） based on trusted computing and virtualization technology. There are a normal operating system （OS） and a trusted OS （TOS） in TMPE. We store t...In this paper, we propose a trusted mobile payment environment （TMPE） based on trusted computing and virtualization technology. There are a normal operating system （OS） and a trusted OS （TOS） in TMPE. We store the image of TOS in a memory card to hinder tampering. The integrity of TOS is protected by means of a trusted platform module （TPM）. TOS can only be updated through a trusted third party. In addition, virtualization technology is applied to isolate TOS from normal OS. Users complete ordinary affairs in normal OS and security-sensitive affairs in TOS. TMPE can offer users a highly protected environment for mobile payment. Moreover, TMPE has good compatibility in different hardware architectures of mobile platforms. As the evaluation shows, TMPE satisfies the requirement of mobile payment well.展开更多
In this paper,a Markov-dependent risk model with a threshold strategy is considered. The expected discounted dividend payments satisfy some integro-differential equations. The analytical solutions to these systems are...In this paper,a Markov-dependent risk model with a threshold strategy is considered. The expected discounted dividend payments satisfy some integro-differential equations. The analytical solutions to these systems are given. Finally,some numerical exam-ples in some special cases are provided.展开更多
In the past few decades, Chinese government attempted to reduce the economic burden of chronic diseases and lower family financial risk of patients by establishing a nationwide coverage of Social Health Insurance syst...In the past few decades, Chinese government attempted to reduce the economic burden of chronic diseases and lower family financial risk of patients by establishing a nationwide coverage of Social Health Insurance system. However, the payment mode of Social Health Insurance varies across Chinese healthcare settings, and the effectiveness of each mode differs. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of integrated case payment on medical expenditure and readmission of inpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）, a complex, multicomponent, chronic condition. A nonrandomized, comparative method was used in this study. Inpatients with COPD before （n=1569） and after the integrated case payment reform （n=4764） were selected from the inpatient information database of the New Cooperative Medical Scheme Agency of Xi County. The integrated case payment comprises the case payment （including price-cap case payment and fixed-reimbursement case payment） and clinical pathway （including clinical pathway A, clinical pathway B and clinical pathway C）. Effects of integrated case payment were evaluated with indicators of per capita total medical expense and readmission within 30 days. A multivariate linear regression and a binary logistic regression were used to conduct statistical analysis. The results showed that case payment, comprising price-cap case payment （β=2382.988, P〈0.001） and fixed-reimbursement case payment β=2613.564, P〈0.001）, and clinical pathway C （β=1996.467, P〈0.001） were risk factors of per capita total medical expenses. Clinical pathway A （β=-1443.409, P〈0.001） and clinical pathway B （β=-1583.791, P〈0.001） were protective factors. The interactive effects of case payment with hospital level （β=0.710, P〈0.001） lowered the readmission rate within 30 days. Meanwhile, clinical pathways A （β=18.949, P〈0.001）, B （β=-19.752, P〈0.001） and C （β=-1.882, P〈0.1） were associated with the rate increase. The findings revealed that integrated case payment ensured the quality of care for inpatients with COPD to some extent. However, this payment mode increased the per capita total medical expense. Further, policy-makers should set reasonable reimbursement standards of case payment, unify the type of case payment, and strengthen the supervision of the reform to enhance its function on medical cost control.展开更多
基金Guangdong Medical Science and Technology Research Fund,Research on the Construction of a Clinical Path Discrimination Model for Stroke Patients Based on the XGBoost Integrated Learning Algorithm and Its Application in MOP under the DIP Payment Model,(Project No.:B2023177)Guangdong Health Economics Association,Research on the Prediction of Hospitalization Costs of Stroke Patients under the DRG/DIP Reform Based on Machine Learning Algorithms,(Project No.:2022-WJMF-13)。
文摘Objective:Aiming at the problems of clinical pathway optimization and medical cost control for stroke patients,this study proposes a clinical pathway discrimination model based on the XGBoost integrated learning algorithm.Combined with the multi-objective programming(MOP)method,this study explores its application value under the Diagnosis-Intervention Packet(DIP)payment model.Methods:The data of stroke patients(ICD codes I60-I63)from 2018 to 2024 were obtained through the medical record statistical management system of medical institutions in Guangdong Province.Efficiency indicators(average length of hospital stay),health economics indicators(total cost),effectiveness indicators(mortality rate),and specific indicators(NIHSS score)were extracted.The XGBoost algorithm was used to construct the clinical pathway discrimination model,and the hyperparameters were optimized through grid search.Based on the DIP payment rules,the prediction results of the model were used as inputs to establish a dynamic programming model,aiming to minimize costs and maximize curative effects to obtain the optimal clinical pathway plan.Results:The goodness-of-fit(R 2)of the XGBoost model on the test set reached 0.768,which was significantly better than that of the random forest(0.691)and the BP neural network(0.343).The total cost of the clinical pathway optimized by the dynamic programming model decreased by 12.7%(95%CI:10.2-15.1%),the average length of hospital stay was shortened by 1.8 days,and the NIHSS improvement rate increased by 8.3%.Conclusion:The integrated model proposed in this study has high accuracy and robustness in clinical pathway discrimination.Combined with the MOP method,it can provide a scientific basis for the optimization of medical resources under the DIP model,helping medical institutions achieve the dual goals of precise cost control and curative effect improvement.
文摘Money is how we pay for things that we need.People pay for things in cash,which is the main form for a long time.Nowadays,there are more ways to pay than ever,including mobile payment or e-payments.Cash comes in the form of banknotes and coins;e-payments make people buy things through a phone and watch.So,which way of buying things is better?
基金the State University of Makassar for their financial backing of this study(SP DIPA-023.17.2.677523/2021 Revision 01).
文摘Mangrove ecosystems support biodiversity,protect coastal areas,and provide sustainable livelihoods.However,they face significant threats from deforestation and unsustainable land use practices.This study examines the viability of the payments for ecosystem services(PES)programs in promoting sustainable mangrove tourism in Tongke-Tongke Village,Sinjai District,South SulawesiProvince,Indonesia.We collected data through household surveys,semi-structured stakeholder interviews,and tourist questionnaires to evaluate the economic value of mangrove tourism and tourists’willingness to pay(WTP)for conservation.Analytical methods included quantitative descriptive analysis,thematic analysis,travel cost analysis,and contingent valuationmethod.The results indicatedstrong community support,with 70.00% of respondents acknowledging sustainable mangrove tourism’s economic,environmental,and cultural benefits.Economic estimates revealedthat mangrove tourism generated 943.00 USD/(hm^(2)·a),while tourists’WTP for conservation rangedfrom 0.21 to 0.56 USD/(person×month),contributing approximately 11.39 USD/(hm^(2)·a).Despite challenges such as inadequate infrastructure,socioeconomic disparities,and land privatization,this study advocates for integrating the PES programs,enhancing governance frameworks,and fostering local community engagement to ensure equitable benefit distribution and maximize the potential of mangrove tourism.These strategies aim to bolster conservation efforts,improve local livelihoods,and strengthen the resilience of mangroveecosystems.
基金Foundation items:National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71874027)Ministry of Education Humanities and Social Sciences Research Youth Fund Project(No.23YJC760028)。
文摘The time-varying difference-in-difference model is used to identify the impact of payment technology on residents’consumption,and the moderation effect analysis method is used to identify its mechanism.It is found that payment technology promotes consumption capacity expansion and quality improvement(CEQI)through three pathways of alleviating liquidity constraints,reducing transaction costs and weakening the payment of pain.The parallel and serial mechanisms of the three are further explored.The effect of payment technology on the CEQI of residents’consumption shows obvious heterogeneity due to differences in urban and rural household registration and financial literacy.Based on the empirical research results and the national conditions of China,targeted policy recommendations are proposed from the demand side,the supply side and the technological side.
文摘In the contemporary world, there are three interconnected global environmental crises (climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution). The common thread is the unsustainable pattern of production and consumption, which leads to international and local socio-environmental injustices. Seeking environmental justice in Brazil, the success of the rubber tapper social movement stands out, culminating in the Chico Mendes Extractive Reserve (RESEX) implementation in the Brazilian Amazon. However, the residents have struggled to generate income to help their families’ social reproduction. Conventional payment instruments for environmental services have failed to remunerate the socio-environmental attributes of sustainable products adequately. This paper aims to carry out a socio-environmental economic-ecological valuation of the main extractive products of the RESEX in 2021/2022. To this end, a methodology calculates the cost of social reproduction of rural family production, being a non-market price index reference for monetary valuation. The results indicate the acceptability of the socio-environmental valuation of native rubber and Brazil nuts, as they can guarantee environmental conservation, improve the families’ well-being with adequate income for their social reproduction, as well as value attributes outside the market, which helps in the fight against further expropriation or enclosure of rural families in the Amazon.
文摘Disruptive innovations caused by FinTech(i.e.,technology-assisted customized financial services)have brought digital peer-to-peer(P2P)payments to the fore.In this challenging environment and based on theories about customer behavior in response to technological innovations,this paper identifies the drivers of consumer adoption of mobile P2P payments and develops a machine learning model to predict the use of this thriving payment option.To do so,we use a unique data set with information from 701 participants(observations)who completed a questionnaire about the adoption of Bizum,a leading mobile P2P platform worldwide.The respondent profile was the average Spanish citizen within the framework of European culture and lifestyle.We document(in this order of priority)the usefulness of mobile P2P payments,influence of peers and other social groups such as friends,family,and colleagues on individual behavior(that is,subjective norms),perceived trust,and enjoyment of the user experience within the digital context and how those attributes better classify(potential)users of mobile P2P payments.We also find that nonparametric approaches based on machine learning algorithms outperform traditional parametric methods.Finally,our results show that feature selection based on random forest,such as the Boruta procedure,as a preprocessing technique substantially increases prediction performance while reducing noise,redundancy of the resulting model,and computational costs.The main limitation of this research is that it only has a place within the sociocultural and institutional framework of the Spanish population.It is therefore desirable to replicate this study by surveying people from other countries to analyze the effects of the institutional environment on the adoption of mobile P2P payments.
文摘In this paper, an EOQ inventory model is developed for deteriorating items with variable rates of deterioration and conditions of grace periods when demand is a quadratic function of time. The deterioration rate considered here is a special type of Weibull distribution deterioration rate, i.e., a one-parameter Weibull distribution deterioration rate and it increases with respect to time. The quadratic demand precisely depicts of the demand of seasonal items, fashion apparels, cosmetics, and newly launched essential commodities like android mobiles, laptops, automobiles etc., coming to the market. The model is divided into three policies according to the occurrence of the grace periods. Shortages, backlogging and complete backlogging cases are not allowed to occur in the model. The proposed model is well-explained with the help of a simple solution procedure. The three numerical examples are taken to illustrate the effectiveness of the EOQ inventory model along with sensitivity analysis.
基金funded by the University of Seville under grant to the Research Group[SEJ-566].
文摘Purpose This study aims to identify which determinants are responsible for impacting the user experience of three peer-to-peer(P2P)payment services in the Spanish market.Design/methodology/approach A sample of all online reviews(n=16,048)published in Google Play of three paytech apps—Bizum,Twyp,and Verse—was analyzed using text mining and sentiment analysis.Findings A holistic interpretation of the seed terms included in each aspect allowed to label them based on the preferences expressed by paytech app users in their reviews.Six latent aspects were identified:ease of use,usefulness,perceived value,performance expectancy,perceived quality,and user experience.In addition,the results of the analysis suggest a positivity bias in the online reviews of fintech P2P app users.Our results also show that online reviews of apps associated with banks or financial institutions,such as Bizum(to a greater extent)or Twyp,show more negative emotions,whereas independent apps(Verse)show more positive emotions.Moreover,the most critical users are those of unidentified gender,while women remain in a more neutral position,and men tend to express their opinions more positively regarding P2P payment apps.Practical implications Paytech providers should analyze the problems faced by users immediately after an encounter.By applying text mining analysis,service providers can gain efficiency in understanding user sentiments and emotions without tedious and time-consuming reviews.Originality/value This is a pioneering study on peer-to-peer(P2P)mobile payment systems from the user’s perspective because it investigates the emotions and sentiments that users convey through bank reviews.
文摘This study examines the transformative impact of Apple Pay on urban landscapes and socioeconomic frameworks,with a particular focus on spending patterns and retail dynamics in metropolitan areas.By evaluating the adoption levels,the technological support,and the social impact of Apple Pay,the study shows that the service is both a catalyst for the development of digital payment and a sign of an increasing social gap.Although it has rapidly transformed Retail Enterprises and supported the construction of smart cities,especially in major world cities such as New York,London,and Tokyo,the work has brought out notable digital divides.Although Apple Pay,with more than 75%of iPhone users and 9,000 banks in 60 world areas and regions,has impacts that are not the same across urban populations,the study shows that while large format retailers have effectively adopted Apple Pay for value-added services to consumers and enhanced payment efficiency,small businesses encounter significant barriers in implementation.Additionally,the technology leverages smartphone usage and banking relationships,which does not address considerable urban population demographics and deeper issues of technology exclusion and inequality in the contemporary city.Such results call for attaining a just society’s technological advancement for efficiencies while still catering to all groups of urban dwellers.
基金National Foundation for Science and Technology Development(No.502.01-2020.308).
文摘This study investigates how financial literacy and behavioral traits affect the adoption of electronic payment(ePayment)services in Japan.We construct a financial literacy index using a representative sample of 25,000 individuals from the Bank of Japan’s 2019 Financial Literacy Survey.We then analyze the relationship between this index and the extensive and intensive usage of two types of payment services:electronic money(e-money)and mobile payment apps.Using an instrumental variable approach,we find that higher financial literacy is positively associated with a higher likelihood of adopting ePayment services.The empirical results suggest that individuals with higher financial literacy use payment services more frequently.We also find that risk-averse people are less likely to adopt and use ePayment services,whereas people with herd behavior tend to adopt and use ePayment services more.Our empirical results also suggest that the effects of financial literacy on the adoption and use of ePayment differ among people with different behavioral traits.
文摘This study utilizes a time-precedence network technique to construct two models of multi-mode resource constrained project scheduling problem with discounted cash flows （MRCPSPDCF）, individually including the progress payment （PP） and the payment at an equal time interval （ETI）. The objective of each model is to maximize the net present value （NPV） for all cash flows in the project, subject to the related operational constraints. The models are characterized as NP-hard. A heuristic algorithm, coupled with two upper bound solutions, is proposed to efficiently solve the models and evaluate the heuristic algorithm performance which was not performed in past studies. The results show that the performance of proposed models and heuristic algorithm is good.
文摘The goal of this paper is to spot out factors affecting the intention to use mobile payment service plan in Vietnam.This study attempts to analyze the impact of various variables extracted from mobility,convenience,compatibility,M-payment knowledge,ease to use,usefulness,risk,,trust,and safe to use on intention to use mobile payment.Quantitative questionnaire is used to measure responses of participants.The statistical analysis method employed in this study is to apply Structural Equation Modeling to test all hypotheses.The results indicate that the strong predictors of the intention to use M-payment are perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness.All respondents show that they do not care about risk when they have intention to use mobile payment services.Convenience of mobility,compatibility,and mobile payment knowledge have impacts on ease to use and usefulness.Among of them,compatibility has the most significant impact o11 ease to use and usefulness in the opinion of those surveyed.Specially,it proved that trust of safe to use has no significant impact on usefulness,but instead has direct impact on intension to use mobile payment services.The outcomes of this research have important connotations for the improvement and development of mobile payment services in Vietnam.Therefore,at the end of this paper,some suggestions based on research results are given for the future development of mobile payment service business in Vietnam.
文摘Mobile medical service has become an indispensable method for the hospitals to improve service quality, while mobile payment has provided an effective solution for solving the problems of long queuing, long examination time, long waiting before being hospitalized and short time of diagnosis and treatment of the traditional outpatient services. With the increasing diversification of payment methods, it is necessary for the hospitals to establish a unified payment platform in order to support different business scenarios according to needs and standardize the interfaces of various developers and manufacturers. In addition, it will help the Financial Department timely identify the problems in the tons of transaction data and better serve the goals of the hospitals to streamline the procedures of medical services and achieve concentrated information management.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 70703034)State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology (No.SKLURE 2008-1-02)the National Major Program on Pollution Control and Management of Water Body(No. 2009ZX07318-006)
文摘Payment for ecosystem services （PES） has attracted considerable attention as an economic incentive for promoting natural resource management recently. As emphasis has been placed on using the incentive-based mechanism by the central government, rapid progress on PES research and practice has been achieved. However PES still faces many difficulties. A key issue is the lack of a fully-fledged theory and method to clearly define the design scope, accounting and feasibility of PES criteria. An improved watershed criteria model was developed in light of research on PES practices in China, investigations on the water source area for the Middle Route Project of South-to-North Water Diversion and ecosystem services outflows theory. The basic principle of assessment is the direct and opportunity cost for ecological conservation and environmental protection in the water source area deduct nationally-financed PES and internal effect. Then the scope and the criteria methods were determined, and internal effect was put forward to define benefits brought from water source area. Finally, Shiyan City, which is the main water source area for the Project of Water Diversion, was analyzed by this model and its payment was calculated. The results showed that： （1） during 2003–2050, the total direct cost and opportunity cost would reach up to 262.70 billion and 256.33 billion Chinese Yuan （CNY, 2000 constant prices）, i.e., 50.61% and 49.38% of total cost, respectively; （2） Shiyan City would gain 0.23, 0.06 and 0.03 CNY/m3 in 2014–2020, 2021–2030, and 2031–2050, respectively.
基金supported by China Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No.BUPT2011RC1005
文摘This study uses TAM to examine the factors that influence the adoption of mobile payment in China.The proposed model is empirically evaluated based on TAM by using data collected from 370 users concerning their perceptions of mobile payment.The findings indicate that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use have significant effects on users'attitude.Furthermore,network externality is also an important factor influencing the adoption.But customers have weak perceptions of the risks of M-payment.The results may provide further insights into mobile payment strategies.
文摘Following the recommendations of a report submitted by the Central Social Insurance Medical Council concerning the 2002 revision of the Medical Service Fee Schedule, a new inclu-sive payment system, which is based on the Diagnosis Procedure Combination (DPC) sys-tem, was introduced in 82 special functioning hospitals in Japan, effective beginning in April 2003. Since April 2004, the system has been gradually extended to general hospitals that satisfy certain prerequisites. In this paper, the new inclusive payment system is analyzed. Data pertaining to 1,225 patients, who were hospital-ized for cataract diseases and underwent lens operations from July 2004 to September 2005, are used. The lengths of hospital stay and medical payments among hospitals are com-pared. Even after eliminating the influence of patient characteristics, there are large differ-ences among hospitals in average lengths of hospital stay and DPC-based inclusive pay-ments. The highest average inclusive payment is 3.5 times as high as the lowest payment. On the other hand, there are relatively small differ-ences in non-inclusive payments based on the conventional fee-for-service system—the larg-est deviation from the average of all hospitals is approximately 10%. Thus, although payments based on the DPC account for only one-third of the total medical payments for this disease, the major differences in medical payments among hospitals are caused by differences in their DPC-based inclusive payments. The results of the study strongly suggest that revisions of the payment system in Japan are necessary for the efficient use of medical resources in the future.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 71403189)
文摘Objective： An understanding of the levels and trends of medical cost is made for breast cancer patients with different medical insurance coverages in China（mainland）, in an attempt to offer a clue to further control the costs.Methods： The inpatient payments of 9,716,180 breast cancer patients spent in medical institutions of different types and grades during 2011–2015 were collected from the inpatient medical record home page（IMRHP） dataset.The data were then processed with SAS（Version 9.3; SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA）. Indicators like means,increase（decrease） percentages were used to descriptively analyze the average hospitalization expense of each time（AHEET） and its trends of breast cancer patients with different medical insurance coverages treated in medical institutions of different types and grades.Results：In 2011–2015,the AHEET borne by breast cancer patients in China had been constantly increasing.Specifically,the self-pay inpatients had the largest increase,inpatients covered by Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance（UEBMI）and Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance（URBMI）were the next,and those covered by New Rural Cooperative Medical System（NRCMS）had the least increase.Breast cancer inpatient treated in public hospitals had quite greater increase and higher expenditure level than those in private hospitals.The AHEET borne by the inpatients in Grade 3 hospitals had greater increase and higher cost than those in Grade 2 hospitals.Conclusions：The inpatient payments of breast cancer patients will be wisely controlled by reducing the number of self-pay inpatients,taking advantage of restriction mechanism of the medical insurances,and promoting healthy competition between private hospitals and public hospitals.The economic burden imposed on the society by breast cancer can be relieved through further control of inpatient payments of UEBMI-and URBMI-covered breast cancer patients and of Grade 3 hospitals.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(2014CB340600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61173138,61103628,61103220)the Intel Collaborative Research Project
文摘In this paper, we propose a trusted mobile payment environment （TMPE） based on trusted computing and virtualization technology. There are a normal operating system （OS） and a trusted OS （TOS） in TMPE. We store the image of TOS in a memory card to hinder tampering. The integrity of TOS is protected by means of a trusted platform module （TPM）. TOS can only be updated through a trusted third party. In addition, virtualization technology is applied to isolate TOS from normal OS. Users complete ordinary affairs in normal OS and security-sensitive affairs in TOS. TMPE can offer users a highly protected environment for mobile payment. Moreover, TMPE has good compatibility in different hardware architectures of mobile platforms. As the evaluation shows, TMPE satisfies the requirement of mobile payment well.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Foundation of Hubei Province (D20092207)the Hubei Normal University Post-Graduate Foundation (2010C17)
文摘In this paper,a Markov-dependent risk model with a threshold strategy is considered. The expected discounted dividend payments satisfy some integro-differential equations. The analytical solutions to these systems are given. Finally,some numerical exam-ples in some special cases are provided.
基金This project was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.71373091, No. 71603132） and by the Humanities and Social Sciences Research Program of the Ministry of Education of China （No. 16YJA840013）.
文摘In the past few decades, Chinese government attempted to reduce the economic burden of chronic diseases and lower family financial risk of patients by establishing a nationwide coverage of Social Health Insurance system. However, the payment mode of Social Health Insurance varies across Chinese healthcare settings, and the effectiveness of each mode differs. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of integrated case payment on medical expenditure and readmission of inpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）, a complex, multicomponent, chronic condition. A nonrandomized, comparative method was used in this study. Inpatients with COPD before （n=1569） and after the integrated case payment reform （n=4764） were selected from the inpatient information database of the New Cooperative Medical Scheme Agency of Xi County. The integrated case payment comprises the case payment （including price-cap case payment and fixed-reimbursement case payment） and clinical pathway （including clinical pathway A, clinical pathway B and clinical pathway C）. Effects of integrated case payment were evaluated with indicators of per capita total medical expense and readmission within 30 days. A multivariate linear regression and a binary logistic regression were used to conduct statistical analysis. The results showed that case payment, comprising price-cap case payment （β=2382.988, P〈0.001） and fixed-reimbursement case payment β=2613.564, P〈0.001）, and clinical pathway C （β=1996.467, P〈0.001） were risk factors of per capita total medical expenses. Clinical pathway A （β=-1443.409, P〈0.001） and clinical pathway B （β=-1583.791, P〈0.001） were protective factors. The interactive effects of case payment with hospital level （β=0.710, P〈0.001） lowered the readmission rate within 30 days. Meanwhile, clinical pathways A （β=18.949, P〈0.001）, B （β=-19.752, P〈0.001） and C （β=-1.882, P〈0.1） were associated with the rate increase. The findings revealed that integrated case payment ensured the quality of care for inpatients with COPD to some extent. However, this payment mode increased the per capita total medical expense. Further, policy-makers should set reasonable reimbursement standards of case payment, unify the type of case payment, and strengthen the supervision of the reform to enhance its function on medical cost control.
