Mass transport is crucial to the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells,especially at high current densities.Generally,the oxygen and the generated water share same transmission medium but move towards opp...Mass transport is crucial to the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells,especially at high current densities.Generally,the oxygen and the generated water share same transmission medium but move towards opposite direction,which leads to serious mass transfer problems.Herein,a series of patterned catalyst layer were prepared with a simple one-step impressing method using nylon sieves as templates.With grooves 100μm in width and 8μm in depth on the surface of cathode catalyst layer,the maximum power density of fuel cell increases by 10%without any additional durability loss while maintaining a similar electrochemical surface area.The concentration contours calculated by finite element analysis reveal that the grooves built on the surface of catalyst layer serve to accumulate the water nearby while oxygen tends to transfer through relatively convex region,which results from capillary pressure difference caused by the pore structure difference between the two regions.The separation of oxidant gas and generated water avoids mass confliction thus boosts mass transport efficiency.展开更多
The proliferation of textual data in society currently is overwhelming, in particular, unstructured textual data is being constantly generated via call centre logs, emails, documents on the web, blogs, tweets, custome...The proliferation of textual data in society currently is overwhelming, in particular, unstructured textual data is being constantly generated via call centre logs, emails, documents on the web, blogs, tweets, customer comments, customer reviews, etc.While the amount of textual data is increasing rapidly, users ability to summarise, understand, and make sense of such data for making better business/living decisions remains challenging. This paper studies how to analyse textual data, based on layered software patterns, for extracting insightful user intelligence from a large collection of documents and for using such information to improve user operations and performance.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the patterns of macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer(GCIPL) loss in normal tension glaucoma(NTG) and primary open angle glaucoma(POAG) in a detailed, disease severity-matched way;and to assess ...AIM: To evaluate the patterns of macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer(GCIPL) loss in normal tension glaucoma(NTG) and primary open angle glaucoma(POAG) in a detailed, disease severity-matched way;and to assess the diagnostic capabilities of GCIPL thickness parameters in discriminating NTG or POAG from normal subjects.METHODS: A total of 157 eyes of 157 subjects, including 57 normal eyes, 51 eyes with POAG and 49 eyes with NTG were enrolled and strictly matched in age, refraction, and disease severity between POAG and NTG groups. The average, minimum, superotemporal, superior, superonasal, inferonasal, inferior, and inferotemporal GCIPL thickness, and the average, superior, temporal, inferior, and nasal retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL) thickness were obtained by Cirrus optical coherence tomography(OCT). The diagnostic capabilities of OCT parameters were assessed by area under receiver operating characteristic(AUROC) curves. RESULTS: Among all the OCT thickness parameters, no statistical significant difference between NTG group and POAG group was found(all P>0.05). In discriminating NTG or POAG from normal subjects, the average and inferior RNFL thickness, and the minimum GCIPL thickness had better diagnostic capabilities. There was no significant difference in AUROC curve between the best GCIPL thickness parameter(minimum GCIPL) and the best RNFL thickness parameter in discriminating NTG(inferior RNFL;P=0.076) and indiscriminating POAG(average RNFL;P=0.913) from normal eyes.CONCLUSION: Localized GCIPL loss, especially in the inferior and inferotemporal sectors, is more common in NTG than in POAG. Among all the GCIPL thickness parameters, the minimum GCIPL thickness has the best diagnostic performance in differentiating NTG or POAG from normal subjects, which is comparable to that of the average and inferior RNFL thickness.展开更多
The nitrogen (N) metabolic experiments were made to estimate separately amino acid requirements of 4348 weeks old layers for maintenance, for protein accretion to estabolish models to estimate digestible amino acid re...The nitrogen (N) metabolic experiments were made to estimate separately amino acid requirements of 4348 weeks old layers for maintenance, for protein accretion to estabolish models to estimate digestible amino acid requirements. The regression relationship of nitrogen retention vs amino acid intake was estimated for each amino acid by giving, at rate of N intake of 091, 052, 015 and 0007gkg-1 body-weight (W075) per d, the semi-synthetic diets was made specially deficient in one amino acid. From the regression coefficients, it was calculated that, for the accretion of 1 g protein, the dietary digestible amino acid requirements were (mg) Thr 631, Val 1004, Met 399, Ile 886, Leu 1143, Phe 632, Lys 870, His 205, Arg 879, Trp 214, Met+Cys 776, and Phe+Tyr 1143. Daily amino acid requirements for N equilibrium were estimated to be (mgkg-1W075 per day) Thr 506, Val 747, Met 303, ILe 667 Leu 814, Phe 448, Lys 605 His 147, Arg 739 ,Trp 173, Met+Cys 586, and Phe+Tyr 839 The dietary degestible amino acid patterns for protein accretion and N equilibrium were also proposed. The models of estimating digestible amino acid requirements for the different productions were developed.展开更多
The experimental study in this paper focuses on the effects of the layer orientation and sample shape on failure strength and fracture pattern of samples tested under Brazilian test conditions(i.e.diametrical loading ...The experimental study in this paper focuses on the effects of the layer orientation and sample shape on failure strength and fracture pattern of samples tested under Brazilian test conditions(i.e.diametrical loading of cylindrical discs)for one particular layered sandstone which is from Modave in the south of Belgium.The variations of the strength in combination with the failure patterns are examined as a function of the inclination angle between the layer plane and the loading direction.The experimental,results clearly show that the induced fracture patterns are a combination of tensile and/or shear fractures.In shape effect experiments the layer thickness and the number of layer boundaries are investigated.Different blocks of Modave sandstone are used to prepare samples.The layer thickness is different among the various blocks,but the layer thickness in each studied rock block can be considered to be constant;hence,the number of layer boundaries changes according to the sample diameter for samples of the same block.The experimental study shows that the layer thickness plays a more important role than the number of layer boundaries per sample.展开更多
Based on the acoustic radiation theory of a dipole source, the influence of the transducer reception pattern is studied for magnetoacoustic tomography with magnetic induction（MAT-MI）. Numerical studies are conducted...Based on the acoustic radiation theory of a dipole source, the influence of the transducer reception pattern is studied for magnetoacoustic tomography with magnetic induction（MAT-MI）. Numerical studies are conducted to simulate acoustic pressures, waveforms, and reconstructed images with unidirectional, omnidirectional, and strong directional transducers.With the analyses of equivalent and projection sources, the influences of the model dimension and the layer effect are qualitatively analyzed to evaluate the performance of MAT-MI. Three-dimensional simulation studies show that the strong directional transducer with a large radius can reduce the influences of equivalent sources, projection sources, and the layer effect effectively, resulting in enhanced pressure and improved image contrast, which is beneficial for boundary pressure extraction in conductivity reconstruction. The reconstructed conductivity contrast images present the conductivity boundaries as stripes with different contrasts and polarities, representing the values and directions of the conductivity changes of the scanned layer. The favorable results provide solid evidence for transducer selection and suggest potential practical applications of MAT-MI in biomedical imaging.展开更多
Seasonal variation and topography of the mixed layer in the Sea of Japan are studied by comparison of results from long-term observation data analysis and from numerical simulation with the MHI oceanic model (Shapiro....Seasonal variation and topography of the mixed layer in the Sea of Japan are studied by comparison of results from long-term observation data analysis and from numerical simulation with the MHI oceanic model (Shapiro. 1998. Marine Hydrophysical Journal, 6: 26-40). The data are retrieved from Oceanographic A tlas of the Bering Sea, Okhotsk Sea, and Japan/East Sea (Rostov, Rostov, Dmitrieva, et al. 2003. Pacific Oceanography, 1(1):70-72). The simulated and long-term patterns are compared. An impact of surface buoyancy flux, wind, and convergence/divergence of surface currents upon the mixed layer in the Sea of Japan is analyzed.展开更多
The phenomenal rise in the demand of biosensors accelerated their rapid development and immersive applications in the myriads of fields. The essential requirement of developing efficient bio-sensing platform is to fin...The phenomenal rise in the demand of biosensors accelerated their rapid development and immersive applications in the myriads of fields. The essential requirement of developing efficient bio-sensing platform is to find stable well organized interfacial architecture that can serve as an excellent matrix for binding and recognizing biomolecules. In this context, the enormous potential has been envisaged in surface layer proteins that represented themselves as most primitive and simplest self-assembled system with repetitive physicochemical properties for the molecular functionalization of surfaces and various interfaces. The prominence of S-layer proteins has been broadened by integrating genetic engineering approaches for the fine tuning of functional groups and protein domains in geometrically well-defined manner. The efficient and stable binding of various nanomaterials with S-layers in regular arrays has led to paradigmatic shift in their nano-biotechnological sensing applications. More recently, functional S-layer supported lipid membranes have been generated through covalent binding of lipid molecules either with native or recombinant S-layer proteins at nano-scale dimensions serving as “proof of concept” for the development of bio-sensing platform. Thus, in the light of benefits conferred by surface layer proteins for the development of highly efficient biosensors, an exciting path has been opened for broadening their translational applications in drug delivery, disease diagnosis, vaccines development, lab-on-chip devices etc. Therefore, this review intends to describe about the importance of surface layer proteins in the development of biosensors.展开更多
Exploiting the potentials of urban stock land and its intensive use have been widespread concerned, however the practical solutions are few,especially in the view of engineering.Basing on synthesizing and analysis of ...Exploiting the potentials of urban stock land and its intensive use have been widespread concerned, however the practical solutions are few,especially in the view of engineering.Basing on synthesizing and analysis of the traditional models,this paper introduces the concept of urban renewal pattern for land saving.A double-layer city model was proposed, following with calculation of land saving of展开更多
Based on the three-pattern decomposition of global atmospheric circulation(TPDGAC), this study investigates the double-layer structure of the Hadley circulation(HC) and its interdecadal evolution characteristics by us...Based on the three-pattern decomposition of global atmospheric circulation(TPDGAC), this study investigates the double-layer structure of the Hadley circulation(HC) and its interdecadal evolution characteristics by using monthly horizontal wind field from NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data from 1948—2011. The following major conclusions are drawn: First, the double-layer structure of the HC is an objective fact, and it constantly exists in April,May, June, October and November in the Southern Hemisphere. Second, the double-layer structure is more obvious in the Southern than in the Northern Hemisphere. Since the double-layer structure is sloped in the vertical direction, it should be taken into consideration when analyzing the variations of the strength and location of the center of the HC.Third, the strength of the double-layer structure of the HC in the Southern Hemisphere consistently exhibits decadal variations with a strong, weak and strong pattern in all five months(April, May, June, October, and November), with cycles of 20-30 a and 40-60 a. Fourth, the center of the HC(mean position of the double-layer structure) in the Southern Hemisphere consistently and remarkably shifts southward in all the five months. The net poleward shifts over the 64 years are 5.18°, 2.11°, 2.50°, 1.79° and 5.76° for the five respective months, with a mean shift of 3.47°.展开更多
A quantitative method is developed to identify the structures of multi-layer woven fabric in this study. Six structural parameters are selected to represent the fabric structure. With some design criteria for the rein...A quantitative method is developed to identify the structures of multi-layer woven fabric in this study. Six structural parameters are selected to represent the fabric structure. With some design criteria for the reinforcement of textile composites, the relationships among the structural parameters are derived for different binding patterns of the fabric structure. The conditions, which meet the requirements of structural cell stability,are also discussed.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21838003,91834301)the Shanghai Scientific and Technological Innovation Project(18JC1410600,19JC1410400)+2 种基金the Social Development Program of Shanghai(17DZ1200900)the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commissionthe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(222201718002)。
文摘Mass transport is crucial to the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells,especially at high current densities.Generally,the oxygen and the generated water share same transmission medium but move towards opposite direction,which leads to serious mass transfer problems.Herein,a series of patterned catalyst layer were prepared with a simple one-step impressing method using nylon sieves as templates.With grooves 100μm in width and 8μm in depth on the surface of cathode catalyst layer,the maximum power density of fuel cell increases by 10%without any additional durability loss while maintaining a similar electrochemical surface area.The concentration contours calculated by finite element analysis reveal that the grooves built on the surface of catalyst layer serve to accumulate the water nearby while oxygen tends to transfer through relatively convex region,which results from capillary pressure difference caused by the pore structure difference between the two regions.The separation of oxidant gas and generated water avoids mass confliction thus boosts mass transport efficiency.
文摘The proliferation of textual data in society currently is overwhelming, in particular, unstructured textual data is being constantly generated via call centre logs, emails, documents on the web, blogs, tweets, customer comments, customer reviews, etc.While the amount of textual data is increasing rapidly, users ability to summarise, understand, and make sense of such data for making better business/living decisions remains challenging. This paper studies how to analyse textual data, based on layered software patterns, for extracting insightful user intelligence from a large collection of documents and for using such information to improve user operations and performance.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81800879)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2017A030310372)+2 种基金Fundamental Research Funds of the State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology,China(No.2018KF04 No.2017QN05)Sun Yat-Sen University Clinical Research 5010 Program(No.2014016)
文摘AIM: To evaluate the patterns of macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer(GCIPL) loss in normal tension glaucoma(NTG) and primary open angle glaucoma(POAG) in a detailed, disease severity-matched way;and to assess the diagnostic capabilities of GCIPL thickness parameters in discriminating NTG or POAG from normal subjects.METHODS: A total of 157 eyes of 157 subjects, including 57 normal eyes, 51 eyes with POAG and 49 eyes with NTG were enrolled and strictly matched in age, refraction, and disease severity between POAG and NTG groups. The average, minimum, superotemporal, superior, superonasal, inferonasal, inferior, and inferotemporal GCIPL thickness, and the average, superior, temporal, inferior, and nasal retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL) thickness were obtained by Cirrus optical coherence tomography(OCT). The diagnostic capabilities of OCT parameters were assessed by area under receiver operating characteristic(AUROC) curves. RESULTS: Among all the OCT thickness parameters, no statistical significant difference between NTG group and POAG group was found(all P>0.05). In discriminating NTG or POAG from normal subjects, the average and inferior RNFL thickness, and the minimum GCIPL thickness had better diagnostic capabilities. There was no significant difference in AUROC curve between the best GCIPL thickness parameter(minimum GCIPL) and the best RNFL thickness parameter in discriminating NTG(inferior RNFL;P=0.076) and indiscriminating POAG(average RNFL;P=0.913) from normal eyes.CONCLUSION: Localized GCIPL loss, especially in the inferior and inferotemporal sectors, is more common in NTG than in POAG. Among all the GCIPL thickness parameters, the minimum GCIPL thickness has the best diagnostic performance in differentiating NTG or POAG from normal subjects, which is comparable to that of the average and inferior RNFL thickness.
文摘The nitrogen (N) metabolic experiments were made to estimate separately amino acid requirements of 4348 weeks old layers for maintenance, for protein accretion to estabolish models to estimate digestible amino acid requirements. The regression relationship of nitrogen retention vs amino acid intake was estimated for each amino acid by giving, at rate of N intake of 091, 052, 015 and 0007gkg-1 body-weight (W075) per d, the semi-synthetic diets was made specially deficient in one amino acid. From the regression coefficients, it was calculated that, for the accretion of 1 g protein, the dietary digestible amino acid requirements were (mg) Thr 631, Val 1004, Met 399, Ile 886, Leu 1143, Phe 632, Lys 870, His 205, Arg 879, Trp 214, Met+Cys 776, and Phe+Tyr 1143. Daily amino acid requirements for N equilibrium were estimated to be (mgkg-1W075 per day) Thr 506, Val 747, Met 303, ILe 667 Leu 814, Phe 448, Lys 605 His 147, Arg 739 ,Trp 173, Met+Cys 586, and Phe+Tyr 839 The dietary degestible amino acid patterns for protein accretion and N equilibrium were also proposed. The models of estimating digestible amino acid requirements for the different productions were developed.
基金The fnancial support of the Research Council of the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven(OT-project OT/03/35)
文摘The experimental study in this paper focuses on the effects of the layer orientation and sample shape on failure strength and fracture pattern of samples tested under Brazilian test conditions(i.e.diametrical loading of cylindrical discs)for one particular layered sandstone which is from Modave in the south of Belgium.The variations of the strength in combination with the failure patterns are examined as a function of the inclination angle between the layer plane and the loading direction.The experimental,results clearly show that the induced fracture patterns are a combination of tensile and/or shear fractures.In shape effect experiments the layer thickness and the number of layer boundaries are investigated.Different blocks of Modave sandstone are used to prepare samples.The layer thickness is different among the various blocks,but the layer thickness in each studied rock block can be considered to be constant;hence,the number of layer boundaries changes according to the sample diameter for samples of the same block.The experimental study shows that the layer thickness plays a more important role than the number of layer boundaries per sample.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2011CB707900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos 11274176 and 11474166)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,China
文摘Based on the acoustic radiation theory of a dipole source, the influence of the transducer reception pattern is studied for magnetoacoustic tomography with magnetic induction（MAT-MI）. Numerical studies are conducted to simulate acoustic pressures, waveforms, and reconstructed images with unidirectional, omnidirectional, and strong directional transducers.With the analyses of equivalent and projection sources, the influences of the model dimension and the layer effect are qualitatively analyzed to evaluate the performance of MAT-MI. Three-dimensional simulation studies show that the strong directional transducer with a large radius can reduce the influences of equivalent sources, projection sources, and the layer effect effectively, resulting in enhanced pressure and improved image contrast, which is beneficial for boundary pressure extraction in conductivity reconstruction. The reconstructed conductivity contrast images present the conductivity boundaries as stripes with different contrasts and polarities, representing the values and directions of the conductivity changes of the scanned layer. The favorable results provide solid evidence for transducer selection and suggest potential practical applications of MAT-MI in biomedical imaging.
文摘Seasonal variation and topography of the mixed layer in the Sea of Japan are studied by comparison of results from long-term observation data analysis and from numerical simulation with the MHI oceanic model (Shapiro. 1998. Marine Hydrophysical Journal, 6: 26-40). The data are retrieved from Oceanographic A tlas of the Bering Sea, Okhotsk Sea, and Japan/East Sea (Rostov, Rostov, Dmitrieva, et al. 2003. Pacific Oceanography, 1(1):70-72). The simulated and long-term patterns are compared. An impact of surface buoyancy flux, wind, and convergence/divergence of surface currents upon the mixed layer in the Sea of Japan is analyzed.
文摘The phenomenal rise in the demand of biosensors accelerated their rapid development and immersive applications in the myriads of fields. The essential requirement of developing efficient bio-sensing platform is to find stable well organized interfacial architecture that can serve as an excellent matrix for binding and recognizing biomolecules. In this context, the enormous potential has been envisaged in surface layer proteins that represented themselves as most primitive and simplest self-assembled system with repetitive physicochemical properties for the molecular functionalization of surfaces and various interfaces. The prominence of S-layer proteins has been broadened by integrating genetic engineering approaches for the fine tuning of functional groups and protein domains in geometrically well-defined manner. The efficient and stable binding of various nanomaterials with S-layers in regular arrays has led to paradigmatic shift in their nano-biotechnological sensing applications. More recently, functional S-layer supported lipid membranes have been generated through covalent binding of lipid molecules either with native or recombinant S-layer proteins at nano-scale dimensions serving as “proof of concept” for the development of bio-sensing platform. Thus, in the light of benefits conferred by surface layer proteins for the development of highly efficient biosensors, an exciting path has been opened for broadening their translational applications in drug delivery, disease diagnosis, vaccines development, lab-on-chip devices etc. Therefore, this review intends to describe about the importance of surface layer proteins in the development of biosensors.
文摘Exploiting the potentials of urban stock land and its intensive use have been widespread concerned, however the practical solutions are few,especially in the view of engineering.Basing on synthesizing and analysis of the traditional models,this paper introduces the concept of urban renewal pattern for land saving.A double-layer city model was proposed, following with calculation of land saving of
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(41475068,40805034)Special Scientific Research Project for Public Interest(GYHY201206009)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(lzujbky-2014-203)
文摘Based on the three-pattern decomposition of global atmospheric circulation(TPDGAC), this study investigates the double-layer structure of the Hadley circulation(HC) and its interdecadal evolution characteristics by using monthly horizontal wind field from NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data from 1948—2011. The following major conclusions are drawn: First, the double-layer structure of the HC is an objective fact, and it constantly exists in April,May, June, October and November in the Southern Hemisphere. Second, the double-layer structure is more obvious in the Southern than in the Northern Hemisphere. Since the double-layer structure is sloped in the vertical direction, it should be taken into consideration when analyzing the variations of the strength and location of the center of the HC.Third, the strength of the double-layer structure of the HC in the Southern Hemisphere consistently exhibits decadal variations with a strong, weak and strong pattern in all five months(April, May, June, October, and November), with cycles of 20-30 a and 40-60 a. Fourth, the center of the HC(mean position of the double-layer structure) in the Southern Hemisphere consistently and remarkably shifts southward in all the five months. The net poleward shifts over the 64 years are 5.18°, 2.11°, 2.50°, 1.79° and 5.76° for the five respective months, with a mean shift of 3.47°.
文摘A quantitative method is developed to identify the structures of multi-layer woven fabric in this study. Six structural parameters are selected to represent the fabric structure. With some design criteria for the reinforcement of textile composites, the relationships among the structural parameters are derived for different binding patterns of the fabric structure. The conditions, which meet the requirements of structural cell stability,are also discussed.
