Reliability parameter selection is very important in the period of equipment project design and demonstration. In this paper, the problem in selecting the reliability parameters and their number is proposed. In order ...Reliability parameter selection is very important in the period of equipment project design and demonstration. In this paper, the problem in selecting the reliability parameters and their number is proposed. In order to solve this problem, the thought of text mining is used to extract the feature and curtail feature sets from text data firstly, and frequent pattern tree （FPT） of the text data is constructed to reason frequent item-set between the key factors by frequent patter growth （FPC） algorithm. Then on the basis of fuzzy Bayesian network （FBN） and sample distribution, this paper fuzzifies the key attributes, which forms associated relationship in frequent item-sets and their main parameters, eliminates the subjective influence factors and obtains condition mutual information and maximum weight directed tree among all the attribute variables. Furthermore, the hybrid model is established by reason fuzzy prior probability and contingent probability and concluding parameter learning method. Finally, the example indicates the model is believable and effective.展开更多
A custom micro-arc oxidation(MAO)apparatus is employed to produce coatings under optimized constant voltage–current two-step power supply mode.Various analytical techniques,including scanning electron microscopy,conf...A custom micro-arc oxidation(MAO)apparatus is employed to produce coatings under optimized constant voltage–current two-step power supply mode.Various analytical techniques,including scanning electron microscopy,confocal laser microscopy,X-ray diffraction,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,transmission electron microscopy,and electrochemical analysis,are employed to characterize MAO coatings at different stages of preparation.MAO has MgO,hydroxyapatite,Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2),and Mg2SiO4 phases.Its microstructure of the coating is characterized by"multiple breakdowns,pores within pores",and"repaired blind pores".The porosity and the uniformity of MAO coating first declines in the constant voltage mode,then augments while the discharge phenomenon takes place,and finally decreases in the repair stage.These analyses reveal a four-stage growth pattern for MAO coatings:anodic oxidation stage,micro-arc oxidation stage,breakdown stage,and repairing stage.During anodic oxidation and MAO stages,inward growth prevails,while the breakdown stage sees outward and accelerated growth.Simultaneous inward and outward growth in the repair stage results in a denser,more uniform coating with increased thickness and improved corrosion resistance.展开更多
With the rapid development of private higher education,the construction of counselor teams in private universities has become increasingly important.This paper focuses on outstanding counselors in private universities...With the rapid development of private higher education,the construction of counselor teams in private universities has become increasingly important.This paper focuses on outstanding counselors in private universities,delving into their growth patterns and proposing targeted training paths based on this analysis.By reviewing relevant theories and analyzing case studies of excellent counselors,it is found that outstanding counselors in private universities exhibit stage-specific characteristics during their development,influenced by personal traits,school environment,career progression,and other factors.In terms of training approaches,efforts should be made to improve selection mechanisms,strengthen training systems,provide career development support,and create a positive work atmosphere,all aimed at enhancing the overall quality of the counselor team in private universities and better serving student growth and institutional development.展开更多
Complex structural variants(CSVs) are genomic alterations that have more than two breakpoints and are considered as the simultaneous occurrence of simple structural variants.However,detecting the compounded mutational...Complex structural variants(CSVs) are genomic alterations that have more than two breakpoints and are considered as the simultaneous occurrence of simple structural variants.However,detecting the compounded mutational signals of CSVs is challenging through a commonly used model-match strategy.As a result,there has been limited progress for CSV discovery compared with simple structural variants.Here,we systematically analyzed the multi-breakpoint connection feature of CSVs,and proposed Mako,utilizing a bottom-up guided model-free strategy,to detect CSVs from paired-end short-read sequencing.Specifically,we implemented a graph-based pattern growth approach,where the graph depicts potential breakpoint connections,and pattern growth enables CSV detection without pre-defined models.Comprehensive evaluations on both simulated and real datasets revealed that Mako outperformed other algorithms.Notably,validation rates of CSVs on real data based on experimental and computational validations as well as manual inspections are around 70%,where the medians of experimental and computational breakpoint shift are 13 bp and 26 bp,respectively.Moreover,the Mako CSV subgraph effectively characterized the breakpoint connections of a CSV event and uncovered a total of 15 CSV types,including two novel types of adjacent segment swap and tandem dispersed duplication.Further analysis of these CSVs also revealed the impact of sequence homology on the formation of CSVs.Mako is publicly available at https://github.com/xjtu-omics/Mako.展开更多
Tandem duplication(TD)is a major type of structural variations(SVs)that plays an important role in novel gene formation and human diseases.However,TDs are often missed or incorrectly classified as insertions by most m...Tandem duplication(TD)is a major type of structural variations(SVs)that plays an important role in novel gene formation and human diseases.However,TDs are often missed or incorrectly classified as insertions by most modern SV detection methods due to the lack of specialized operation on TD-related mutational signals.Herein,we developed a TD detection module for the Pindel tool,referred to as Pindel-TD,based on a TD-specific pattern growth approach.Pindel-TD is capable of detecting TDs with a wide size range at single nucleotide resolution.Using simulated and real read data from HG002,we demonstrated that Pindel-TD outperforms other leading methods in terms of precision,recall,F1-score,and robustness.Furthermore,by applying Pindel-TD to data generated from the K562 cancer cell line,we identified a TD located at the seventh exon of SAGE1,providing an explanation for its high expression.Pindel-TD is available for non-commercial use at https://github.com/xjtu-omics/pindel.展开更多
Solar-blind deep-ultraviolet(DUV)photodetectors based on Ga_(2)O_(3)have attracted great attention due to their potential applications for many military and civil purposes.However,the development of device integration...Solar-blind deep-ultraviolet(DUV)photodetectors based on Ga_(2)O_(3)have attracted great attention due to their potential applications for many military and civil purposes.However,the development of device integration for optoelectronic system applications remains a huge challenge.Herein,we report a facile method for patterned-growth of high-qualityβ-Ga_(2)O_(3)thin films,which are assembled into a photodetectors array comprising 8×8 device units.A representative detector exhibits outstanding photoresponse performance,in terms of an ultra-low dark current of 0.62 pA,a large Ilight/Idark ratio exceeding 10^(4),a high responsivity of 0.72 A W^(-1) and a decent specific detectivity of 4.18×10^(11)Jones,upon 265 nm DUV illumination.What is more,the DUV/visible(250/400 nm)rejection ratio is as high as 10^(3) with a sharp response cut-off wave length at 280 nm.Further optoelectronic analysis reveals that the photodetectors array has good uniformity and repeatability,endowing it the capability to serve as a reliable DUV light image sensor with a decent spatial resolution.These results suggest that the proposed technique offers an effective avenue for patterned growth ofβ-Ga_(2)O_(3)thin films for multifunctional DUV optoelectronic applications.展开更多
By using digitized land use maps of Beijing in 1982, 1992 and 1997 and employing GIS spatial analysis techniques, this paper conducts an empirical study on the spatial differentiation and spatial patterns of urban lan...By using digitized land use maps of Beijing in 1982, 1992 and 1997 and employing GIS spatial analysis techniques, this paper conducts an empirical study on the spatial differentiation and spatial patterns of urban land use growth in Beijing in the period of 1982–1997. It is observed that urban land use growth in Beijing went beyond the control of urban planning, in terms of the extraordinary high growth rate and undesired spatial pattern. The rate of urban expansion after 1982, which was predominated by growth of industrial land, was extraordinary high compared to its historical period. While its growth centers have been actively shifting toward the northern part, rather than toward the southern and eastern parts as designated by the latest General Plan (1991–2010) of Beijing, its spatial pattern of urban land use growth in general was in distinct concentric sprawl, which seriously violated the General Plan of Beijing.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the relationship between growth patterns and mandibular posterior tooth-alveolar bone complex morphology in a Chinese population with normal occlusion.Methods:Forty-five patients with normal o...Objective:To investigate the relationship between growth patterns and mandibular posterior tooth-alveolar bone complex morphology in a Chinese population with normal occlusion.Methods:Forty-five patients with normal occlusion(23 males,22 females) were included in this study.Among these patients,20 displayed the vertical growth pattern,and 20 had the horizontal growth pattern,while the remaining patients displayed the average growth pattern.All of the patients underwent dental cone beam computed tomography(CBCT),which included the region of the mandibular posterior teeth and the alveolar.A linear regression analysis and a correlation analysis between the facial height index(FHI) and the alveolar bone morphology were performed.Results:The inclination of the molars,the thickness of the cortical bone,and the height of the mandibular bone differed significantly between patients with the horizontal growth pattern and those with the vertical growth pattern(P<0.05).Significant positive correlations were found between:the FHI and the inclination of the molars;the FHI and the thickness of the cortical bone;and the FHI and the height of the mandibular bone.Conclusions:The mandibular posterior tooth-alveolar bone complex morphology may be affected by growth patterns.展开更多
The clonal growth pattern of Sabina vulgaris, a coniferous clonal plant in Mu Us sandland, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was surveyed. The results showed that with the stolon extending, internode length and branchi...The clonal growth pattern of Sabina vulgaris, a coniferous clonal plant in Mu Us sandland, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was surveyed. The results showed that with the stolon extending, internode length and branching angle decreased, the branching intensity increased gradually within the 3 m range from the edge of the shrub to its center along the stolon. Internode length, branching intensity and branching angle were 5.9 cm, 4.4 and 55.3°in the shrub, and 1.6 cm, 13.7 and 38.3°at the edge of the shrub, respectively. The clonal architecture exhibited plasticity. The internode length, branching intensity and ramet length changed with an exponential model with extention of the stolon. The stolon of S. vulgaris was monopodial branching, and each ramet should possess more than 3 adventitious roots. Ramets could take on the phenomenon of 搒elf-thinning?with clonal growth. There was a prior grade in allocation of the nutrients gained from heterogeneous space. The clonal architecture of S. vulgaris was the 搈ixed?type.展开更多
Liver is the most common site of metastases of colorectal cancer,and liver metastases present with distinct histopathological growth patterns(HGPs),including desmoplastic,pushing and replacement HGPs and two rare HGPs...Liver is the most common site of metastases of colorectal cancer,and liver metastases present with distinct histopathological growth patterns(HGPs),including desmoplastic,pushing and replacement HGPs and two rare HGPs.HGP is a miniature of tumor-host reaction and reflects tumor biology and pathological features as well as host immune dynamics.Many studies have revealed the association of HGPs with carcinogenesis,angiogenesis,and clinical outcomes and indicates HGP functions as bond between microscopic characteristics and clinical implications.These findings make HGP a candidate marker in risk stratification and guiding treatment decision-making,and a target of imaging observation for patient screening.Of note,it is crucial to determine the underlying mechanism shaping HGP,for instance,immune infiltration and extracellular matrix remodeling in desmoplastic HGP,and aggressive characteristics and special vascularization in replacement HGP(rHGP).We highlight the importance of aggressive features,vascularization,host immune and organ structure in formation of HGP,hence propose a novel"advance under camouflage"hypothesis to explain the formation of rHGP.展开更多
The Baiyunpu deposit lies in the southwest plunging Dachengshan anticline in central Hunan, which is a large Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit. The orebodies were surrounded by the Qiziqiao Formation limestone in the Middle ...The Baiyunpu deposit lies in the southwest plunging Dachengshan anticline in central Hunan, which is a large Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit. The orebodies were surrounded by the Qiziqiao Formation limestone in the Middle Devonian, and its geological occurrence is consistent with the wall rocks. A large number of spheroidal pyrite aggregates are found unevenly distributed in the ores. The spheroidal aggregates are made up of kernels and concentric rings. The kernels are composed of approximately epigranular pyrite nanocrystals, while the rings are composed of accumulated pyrite microcrystals growing along the radial direction. The spheroidal pyrite aggregate and its outer zones can be divided into five areas（A–E）. The results of electron probe micro analysis（EPMA） show that from the zone A1 to B, Co/Ni 〈1, the sum of Co and Ni is 0.08%–0.26%, S/Fe increases from 2.06 to 2.15. While from the zone C to E, Ni cannot be detected and S/Fe decreases from 2.22 to 2.08. Powder X-ray diffraction（XRD） analysis in the micro zone shows obvious crystalline characteristics in the aggregates. Moving from the inside outwards, the maximum diffraction peak intensity of the（111） and（220） crystal planes of pyrite increases, and the crystallinity improves. The degree of change in the（111） plane is the most prominent. Considering the theory of crystal growth along with the geologic features of the depositional environment where the spheroidal pyrite aggregates developed, we confirm that the spheroidal aggregates are the result of nano-micro crystalline gathering and growth occurring by the following sequence of processes：nano-crystalline nucleation and growth, gathering into a ball, oriented growth of microcrystals, continuous accumulation, and adjustment of grain boundaries. The formation of the spheroidal pyrite aggregates in the late Qiziqiao Formation of the Middle Devonian occurred in a neutral to weak alkaline and reductive sedimentary environment in the normal oxygen-rich shallowwater carbonate platform edge. The variations in the S/Fe ratio and crystallisation characteristics indicate that during pyrite crystal growth, the sulphur fugacity was high locally and rose constantly, the degree of supersaturation decreased locally and the growth environment was stable relatively.展开更多
The researches about reed growth were mainly concentrated on seasonal dynamics, investigation of reed resource, and comparison of different ecotypes of reed. By means of fractal geometric theory of non linear science...The researches about reed growth were mainly concentrated on seasonal dynamics, investigation of reed resource, and comparison of different ecotypes of reed. By means of fractal geometric theory of non linear science, the fractal character of growth pattern of reed, for the purpose of quantitatively exploring the mechanism of reed growth was studied. The way to calculate fractal dimension of reed growth is box dimension (BD) and information dimension (ID). The results showed that the difference between two samplings in May and those among three samplings in June and later were not remarkable for both BD or ID. It was noted that the difference between samplings in and after May is significant. It was demonstrated that the fractal dimension of size distribution of reed ranged from 0 6235 to 0 8761 The distribution pattern could be statistically divided as two significant periods: the size of reed is quite well distributed at the beginning of reed growth (fractal dimension>0 8), but is irregular in the middle and later growth season (fractal dimension<0 7). These results are benefit to reach the goal of rational use of reed resources and to protect the biodiversity in wetland ecosystem.展开更多
BACKGROUND Different histological growth patterns(HGPs)of colorectal carcinoma(CRC)liver metastasis are associated with patients’prognosis and response to antiangiogenic therapy.However,the relationship between HGPs ...BACKGROUND Different histological growth patterns(HGPs)of colorectal carcinoma(CRC)liver metastasis are associated with patients’prognosis and response to antiangiogenic therapy.However,the relationship between HGPs of liver metastasis and clinicopathological and genomic characteristics of primary cancer has not been well established.AIM To assess whether certain clinicopathological and genomic features of primary CRC could predict the HGPs of liver metastasis.METHODS A total of 29 patients with paired resections of both primary CRC and liver metastasis were divided into two groups:A(15 cases with desmoplastic liver metastasis)and B(14 cases with replacement liver metastasis).Clinical information was obtained from patients’charts.Mismatch repair proteins,BRAFV600E,and PD-L1 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry.Five cases were selected randomly from each group for whole exome sequencing(WES)analysis.RESULTS In the primary tumor,expanding growth pattern,low tumor budding score(TBS),and Crohn’s disease-like response(CDR)were associated with desmoplastic liver metastasis and better overall survival,whereas infiltrating growth pattern alone of primary carcinoma could predict the replacement liver metastasis and worse overall survival(P<0.05).On WES analysis,primary carcinoma with desmoplastic liver metastasis showed mutations in APC(4/5);TP53(3/5);KRAS,PIK3CA,and FAT4(2/5);BRCA-1,BRCA2,BRAF,and DNAH5(1/5),whereas primary carcinoma with replacement liver metastasis showed mutations in APC and TP53(3/5);KRAS,FAT4,DNH5,SMAD,ERBB2,ERBB3,LRP1,and SDK1(1/5).CONCLUSION The HGPs,TBS,and CDR of primary CRC as well as the presence of specific genetic mutations such as those in PIK3CA could be used to predict the HGPs of liver metastasis,response to therapy,and patients’prognosis.展开更多
The BRICS （Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa） and other emerging economies have become a driving global force for the past twenty years. However, their growth patterns are obsolete, impeding the quality ...The BRICS （Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa） and other emerging economies have become a driving global force for the past twenty years. However, their growth patterns are obsolete, impeding the quality and competitiveness of their economic growth, while simultaneously threatening the sustainability of their economic convergence with developed nations. Transforming the domestic growth pattern-the solution to the middle-income trap-has therefore become a key priority for each of these economies. This paper presents a comparative analysis of how to transform the pattern of economic growth in BRICS and achieve sustainable economic convergence with a comparative analysis of the pattern of economic growth and problems among BRICS countries.展开更多
The live-bearing genus Sebastes is renowned for its outstanding species richness and color diversity,and its speciation has been a point of interest.This study investigated the age,growth,reproductive biology,color pa...The live-bearing genus Sebastes is renowned for its outstanding species richness and color diversity,and its speciation has been a point of interest.This study investigated the age,growth,reproductive biology,color pattern and ontogenetic divergence of a pair of closely related rockfishes from the coasts of the Shandong Peninsula,namely,Sebastes koreanus(n=879)and S.nudus(n=257).Marginal increment analysis of sectioned otoliths showed that annulus formation occurred once a year between June and July in both species.The sex-pooled growth curves of S.nudus and 3 populations of S.koreanus differed significantly from each other.No apparent latitudinal cline in growth parameters was found in S.koreanus.For both species,the peak parturition periods were from April to May,and the peak copulation periods were from November to December.S.nudus has a highly variable and conspicuous color pattern while S.koreanus has a stable and dull color pattem.This difference,together with the overlapping distribution and the close relationship,make S.koreanus and S.nudus an ideal model to investigate the color-driven speciation of the Sebastes.We confirmed that S.nudus changes its body color with age and season and fully expresses the carotenoid-based nuptial coloration when the fish reaches first maturity.Moreover,our comparisons of morphological traits that are likely related to survival and quality of these fishes suggested that S.nudus may suffer higher predation risk and foraging difficulty beginning at age 3.In light of the ontogenetic development of the color pattern in S.nudus,we suggested that the full expression of nuptial coloration most likely triggers the strong selective pressure to enhance swimming performance,anti-predator defense and foraging capacity of S.nudus through predator-prey interactions.By understanding all these details,we further inferred a hypothesis that both color pattem and bathymetric segregation play key roles in facilitating the speciation of demersal rockfishes.展开更多
Aim of this study is to assess growth pattern in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and factors associated with growth retardation. Methods: A retrospective chart review of all cases of JIA following up...Aim of this study is to assess growth pattern in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and factors associated with growth retardation. Methods: A retrospective chart review of all cases of JIA following up at Pediatric Department of King Abdulaziz University Hospital, between July 2000 to July 2016. Demographic, clinical and biological data were collected and analyzed as risk factor for growth retardation. These included age, gender, age at diagnosis, disease duration, type of JIA, the presence of uveitis, rheumatoid factor (RF) positivity, antinuclear antibody (ANA) titer and treatment. Growth pattern was assessed as the percentile for height-for-age, weight-for-age and weight-for-height in reference to the Growth Chart for Saudi Children and Adolescents. Change in percentile rank was divided into 3 categories: regression (a drop of ≥1 percentile);stable (uphold of the same percentile);and progression (change for a superior percentile). Results: A total 78 children were eligible, 52.6% females, mean ± SD age = 9.94 ± 4.92 years, and age at diagnosis = 7.44 ± 4.52 years, mean ± SD [range] disease duration = 2.93 ± 2.70 [6 months;15 years]. The most frequent types of JIA were systemic (33.3%), oligoarticular (30.8%) and polyarticular negative RF (26.9%). Other parameters included positive ANA in 41.0%, positive RF in 7.7% and uveitis in 9.0%. The most frequent treatment was methotrexate (59.0%), followed by biological therapy (47.4%), non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (43.6%) and prednisolone (33.3%). Growth data were available for 67 (85.9%) children, and assessments showed 36% cases of break of the growth curve in both height-for-age and weight-for-age percentiles and 31% in weight-for-height percentiles. In all three parameters, there were shifts towards lower percentiles from time of diagnosis to last follow-up, in both males and females. Correlation and regression analysis showed low age at diagnosis and disease duration to be significant predictors for growth retardation severity. Conclusion: One in three children with JIA has growth retardation, the severity of which is predicted by low age at disease onset and long disease duration.展开更多
Tree growth is affected by environmental factors, climate condition and tree age. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth patterns of <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Chamaecy...Tree growth is affected by environmental factors, climate condition and tree age. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth patterns of <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Chamaecyparis</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">obtusa</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C.</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">obtusa</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) stand in the Gyeongnam province. Data was collected from two cities and one county by using sample quadrats of 20 * 20 m. A total of 11 quadrats were used to collect tree height, diameter at the breast height (DBH), annual growth rings and soil data. The data analysis of soil moisture content, pH, organic matter (%), EC (cmol + /kg of soil), and available phosphorous was conducted. Growth ring was analyzed by using computer based software and the ages of the trees were identified. Average growth of height and DBH was computed from the surveyed data and annual growth of each tree was assessed by computer based reading of annual growth rings. The results of the study revealed that tree growth showed a reducing trend along the longevity. It was identified that soil pH, age, variation in annual average temperature, and altitude were the main factors related with growth of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C.</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">obtusa</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> trees along the life of the stand.</span>展开更多
Using Cobb-Douglas production function and Solow Residual, this study establishes a discriminant index to measure the intensive index of coal-production at the section-level, so as to analyze the transfer trend of the...Using Cobb-Douglas production function and Solow Residual, this study establishes a discriminant index to measure the intensive index of coal-production at the section-level, so as to analyze the transfer trend of the growth pattern of Jiangsu＇s coal-production since 1990s. The research shows that the transition of coal production in Jiangsu Province has mainly experienced three phases, which are the quick transition phase from extensive growth to intensive growth （from 1990 to 1994）, the fluctuation phase （from 1995 to 1999）, and the transition back phase from intensive growth to extensive growth （from 2000 to 2003）. On the whole, the coal production in Jiangsu Province nowadays is still featured by extensive growth pattern and largely dependent upon capital inputs. Finally, from the aspect of the technology progress, improving the qualities of labor, changing product structures and improving enterprise management, this study puts forward suggestions on how to transfer the growth pattern of Jiangsu＇s coal-production into intensive type.展开更多
This paper is ttie continuation of part （Ⅰ）, which completes the derivations of the 3D global wave modes solutions, yields the stability criterion and, on the basis of the results obtained, demonstrates the selecti...This paper is ttie continuation of part （Ⅰ）, which completes the derivations of the 3D global wave modes solutions, yields the stability criterion and, on the basis of the results obtained, demonstrates the selection criterion of pattern formation.展开更多
基金the Weapon Equipment Beforehand Research Foundation of China(No.9140A19030314JB35275)the Army Technology Element Foundation of China(No.A157167)
文摘Reliability parameter selection is very important in the period of equipment project design and demonstration. In this paper, the problem in selecting the reliability parameters and their number is proposed. In order to solve this problem, the thought of text mining is used to extract the feature and curtail feature sets from text data firstly, and frequent pattern tree （FPT） of the text data is constructed to reason frequent item-set between the key factors by frequent patter growth （FPC） algorithm. Then on the basis of fuzzy Bayesian network （FBN） and sample distribution, this paper fuzzifies the key attributes, which forms associated relationship in frequent item-sets and their main parameters, eliminates the subjective influence factors and obtains condition mutual information and maximum weight directed tree among all the attribute variables. Furthermore, the hybrid model is established by reason fuzzy prior probability and contingent probability and concluding parameter learning method. Finally, the example indicates the model is believable and effective.
文摘A custom micro-arc oxidation(MAO)apparatus is employed to produce coatings under optimized constant voltage–current two-step power supply mode.Various analytical techniques,including scanning electron microscopy,confocal laser microscopy,X-ray diffraction,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,transmission electron microscopy,and electrochemical analysis,are employed to characterize MAO coatings at different stages of preparation.MAO has MgO,hydroxyapatite,Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2),and Mg2SiO4 phases.Its microstructure of the coating is characterized by"multiple breakdowns,pores within pores",and"repaired blind pores".The porosity and the uniformity of MAO coating first declines in the constant voltage mode,then augments while the discharge phenomenon takes place,and finally decreases in the repair stage.These analyses reveal a four-stage growth pattern for MAO coatings:anodic oxidation stage,micro-arc oxidation stage,breakdown stage,and repairing stage.During anodic oxidation and MAO stages,inward growth prevails,while the breakdown stage sees outward and accelerated growth.Simultaneous inward and outward growth in the repair stage results in a denser,more uniform coating with increased thickness and improved corrosion resistance.
基金The Second Batch of Comprehensive Reform and Quality Construction Projects of Party Building and Ideological and Political Education in 2024“Research on the Growth Patterns and Training Path of Excellent Counselors in Private Colleges”(HKDS2024YB11)。
文摘With the rapid development of private higher education,the construction of counselor teams in private universities has become increasingly important.This paper focuses on outstanding counselors in private universities,delving into their growth patterns and proposing targeted training paths based on this analysis.By reviewing relevant theories and analyzing case studies of excellent counselors,it is found that outstanding counselors in private universities exhibit stage-specific characteristics during their development,influenced by personal traits,school environment,career progression,and other factors.In terms of training approaches,efforts should be made to improve selection mechanisms,strengthen training systems,provide career development support,and create a positive work atmosphere,all aimed at enhancing the overall quality of the counselor team in private universities and better serving student growth and institutional development.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2018YFC0910400 and 2017YFC0907500)the National Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31671372,61702406,and 31701739)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe World-Class Universities(Disciplines)the Characteristic Development Guidance Funds for the Central Universitiesthe Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2017SHZDZX01)。
文摘Complex structural variants(CSVs) are genomic alterations that have more than two breakpoints and are considered as the simultaneous occurrence of simple structural variants.However,detecting the compounded mutational signals of CSVs is challenging through a commonly used model-match strategy.As a result,there has been limited progress for CSV discovery compared with simple structural variants.Here,we systematically analyzed the multi-breakpoint connection feature of CSVs,and proposed Mako,utilizing a bottom-up guided model-free strategy,to detect CSVs from paired-end short-read sequencing.Specifically,we implemented a graph-based pattern growth approach,where the graph depicts potential breakpoint connections,and pattern growth enables CSV detection without pre-defined models.Comprehensive evaluations on both simulated and real datasets revealed that Mako outperformed other algorithms.Notably,validation rates of CSVs on real data based on experimental and computational validations as well as manual inspections are around 70%,where the medians of experimental and computational breakpoint shift are 13 bp and 26 bp,respectively.Moreover,the Mako CSV subgraph effectively characterized the breakpoint connections of a CSV event and uncovered a total of 15 CSV types,including two novel types of adjacent segment swap and tandem dispersed duplication.Further analysis of these CSVs also revealed the impact of sequence homology on the formation of CSVs.Mako is publicly available at https://github.com/xjtu-omics/Mako.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC3400300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62172325,32125009,and 32070663).
文摘Tandem duplication(TD)is a major type of structural variations(SVs)that plays an important role in novel gene formation and human diseases.However,TDs are often missed or incorrectly classified as insertions by most modern SV detection methods due to the lack of specialized operation on TD-related mutational signals.Herein,we developed a TD detection module for the Pindel tool,referred to as Pindel-TD,based on a TD-specific pattern growth approach.Pindel-TD is capable of detecting TDs with a wide size range at single nucleotide resolution.Using simulated and real read data from HG002,we demonstrated that Pindel-TD outperforms other leading methods in terms of precision,recall,F1-score,and robustness.Furthermore,by applying Pindel-TD to data generated from the K562 cancer cell line,we identified a TD located at the seventh exon of SAGE1,providing an explanation for its high expression.Pindel-TD is available for non-commercial use at https://github.com/xjtu-omics/pindel.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Nos.51902078,62074048)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(PA2020GDKC0014,JZ2020HGTB0051,JZ2018HGXC0001)the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2008085MF205)。
文摘Solar-blind deep-ultraviolet(DUV)photodetectors based on Ga_(2)O_(3)have attracted great attention due to their potential applications for many military and civil purposes.However,the development of device integration for optoelectronic system applications remains a huge challenge.Herein,we report a facile method for patterned-growth of high-qualityβ-Ga_(2)O_(3)thin films,which are assembled into a photodetectors array comprising 8×8 device units.A representative detector exhibits outstanding photoresponse performance,in terms of an ultra-low dark current of 0.62 pA,a large Ilight/Idark ratio exceeding 10^(4),a high responsivity of 0.72 A W^(-1) and a decent specific detectivity of 4.18×10^(11)Jones,upon 265 nm DUV illumination.What is more,the DUV/visible(250/400 nm)rejection ratio is as high as 10^(3) with a sharp response cut-off wave length at 280 nm.Further optoelectronic analysis reveals that the photodetectors array has good uniformity and repeatability,endowing it the capability to serve as a reliable DUV light image sensor with a decent spatial resolution.These results suggest that the proposed technique offers an effective avenue for patterned growth ofβ-Ga_(2)O_(3)thin films for multifunctional DUV optoelectronic applications.
基金The Knowledge Innovation Project of CAS, No.KZCX2-310-01, No.KZCX2-307 National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 40101010
文摘By using digitized land use maps of Beijing in 1982, 1992 and 1997 and employing GIS spatial analysis techniques, this paper conducts an empirical study on the spatial differentiation and spatial patterns of urban land use growth in Beijing in the period of 1982–1997. It is observed that urban land use growth in Beijing went beyond the control of urban planning, in terms of the extraordinary high growth rate and undesired spatial pattern. The rate of urban expansion after 1982, which was predominated by growth of industrial land, was extraordinary high compared to its historical period. While its growth centers have been actively shifting toward the northern part, rather than toward the southern and eastern parts as designated by the latest General Plan (1991–2010) of Beijing, its spatial pattern of urban land use growth in general was in distinct concentric sprawl, which seriously violated the General Plan of Beijing.
基金Project supported by the Shandong Science and Technology Planning Project (Nos.2010G0020232,2010HM053,and 2010GSF10269)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (No.ZR2012HM087)+1 种基金the Jinan Science and Technology Planning Project(No.JN201202042)the Shandong University Project(Nos.2011JC009 and 2012JC031),China
文摘Objective:To investigate the relationship between growth patterns and mandibular posterior tooth-alveolar bone complex morphology in a Chinese population with normal occlusion.Methods:Forty-five patients with normal occlusion(23 males,22 females) were included in this study.Among these patients,20 displayed the vertical growth pattern,and 20 had the horizontal growth pattern,while the remaining patients displayed the average growth pattern.All of the patients underwent dental cone beam computed tomography(CBCT),which included the region of the mandibular posterior teeth and the alveolar.A linear regression analysis and a correlation analysis between the facial height index(FHI) and the alveolar bone morphology were performed.Results:The inclination of the molars,the thickness of the cortical bone,and the height of the mandibular bone differed significantly between patients with the horizontal growth pattern and those with the vertical growth pattern(P<0.05).Significant positive correlations were found between:the FHI and the inclination of the molars;the FHI and the thickness of the cortical bone;and the FHI and the height of the mandibular bone.Conclusions:The mandibular posterior tooth-alveolar bone complex morphology may be affected by growth patterns.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.30060069)
文摘The clonal growth pattern of Sabina vulgaris, a coniferous clonal plant in Mu Us sandland, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was surveyed. The results showed that with the stolon extending, internode length and branching angle decreased, the branching intensity increased gradually within the 3 m range from the edge of the shrub to its center along the stolon. Internode length, branching intensity and branching angle were 5.9 cm, 4.4 and 55.3°in the shrub, and 1.6 cm, 13.7 and 38.3°at the edge of the shrub, respectively. The clonal architecture exhibited plasticity. The internode length, branching intensity and ramet length changed with an exponential model with extention of the stolon. The stolon of S. vulgaris was monopodial branching, and each ramet should possess more than 3 adventitious roots. Ramets could take on the phenomenon of 搒elf-thinning?with clonal growth. There was a prior grade in allocation of the nutrients gained from heterogeneous space. The clonal architecture of S. vulgaris was the 搈ixed?type.
基金Supported by National Nature Science Foundation,No.81873111,No.82174454,and No.82074182Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,No.7202066。
文摘Liver is the most common site of metastases of colorectal cancer,and liver metastases present with distinct histopathological growth patterns(HGPs),including desmoplastic,pushing and replacement HGPs and two rare HGPs.HGP is a miniature of tumor-host reaction and reflects tumor biology and pathological features as well as host immune dynamics.Many studies have revealed the association of HGPs with carcinogenesis,angiogenesis,and clinical outcomes and indicates HGP functions as bond between microscopic characteristics and clinical implications.These findings make HGP a candidate marker in risk stratification and guiding treatment decision-making,and a target of imaging observation for patient screening.Of note,it is crucial to determine the underlying mechanism shaping HGP,for instance,immune infiltration and extracellular matrix remodeling in desmoplastic HGP,and aggressive characteristics and special vascularization in replacement HGP(rHGP).We highlight the importance of aggressive features,vascularization,host immune and organ structure in formation of HGP,hence propose a novel"advance under camouflage"hypothesis to explain the formation of rHGP.
基金granted by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41172047, 41272062)the Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry (Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang) (Grant No. 201308)
文摘The Baiyunpu deposit lies in the southwest plunging Dachengshan anticline in central Hunan, which is a large Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit. The orebodies were surrounded by the Qiziqiao Formation limestone in the Middle Devonian, and its geological occurrence is consistent with the wall rocks. A large number of spheroidal pyrite aggregates are found unevenly distributed in the ores. The spheroidal aggregates are made up of kernels and concentric rings. The kernels are composed of approximately epigranular pyrite nanocrystals, while the rings are composed of accumulated pyrite microcrystals growing along the radial direction. The spheroidal pyrite aggregate and its outer zones can be divided into five areas（A–E）. The results of electron probe micro analysis（EPMA） show that from the zone A1 to B, Co/Ni 〈1, the sum of Co and Ni is 0.08%–0.26%, S/Fe increases from 2.06 to 2.15. While from the zone C to E, Ni cannot be detected and S/Fe decreases from 2.22 to 2.08. Powder X-ray diffraction（XRD） analysis in the micro zone shows obvious crystalline characteristics in the aggregates. Moving from the inside outwards, the maximum diffraction peak intensity of the（111） and（220） crystal planes of pyrite increases, and the crystallinity improves. The degree of change in the（111） plane is the most prominent. Considering the theory of crystal growth along with the geologic features of the depositional environment where the spheroidal pyrite aggregates developed, we confirm that the spheroidal aggregates are the result of nano-micro crystalline gathering and growth occurring by the following sequence of processes：nano-crystalline nucleation and growth, gathering into a ball, oriented growth of microcrystals, continuous accumulation, and adjustment of grain boundaries. The formation of the spheroidal pyrite aggregates in the late Qiziqiao Formation of the Middle Devonian occurred in a neutral to weak alkaline and reductive sedimentary environment in the normal oxygen-rich shallowwater carbonate platform edge. The variations in the S/Fe ratio and crystallisation characteristics indicate that during pyrite crystal growth, the sulphur fugacity was high locally and rose constantly, the degree of supersaturation decreased locally and the growth environment was stable relatively.
文摘The researches about reed growth were mainly concentrated on seasonal dynamics, investigation of reed resource, and comparison of different ecotypes of reed. By means of fractal geometric theory of non linear science, the fractal character of growth pattern of reed, for the purpose of quantitatively exploring the mechanism of reed growth was studied. The way to calculate fractal dimension of reed growth is box dimension (BD) and information dimension (ID). The results showed that the difference between two samplings in May and those among three samplings in June and later were not remarkable for both BD or ID. It was noted that the difference between samplings in and after May is significant. It was demonstrated that the fractal dimension of size distribution of reed ranged from 0 6235 to 0 8761 The distribution pattern could be statistically divided as two significant periods: the size of reed is quite well distributed at the beginning of reed growth (fractal dimension>0 8), but is irregular in the middle and later growth season (fractal dimension<0 7). These results are benefit to reach the goal of rational use of reed resources and to protect the biodiversity in wetland ecosystem.
基金the Human Resources Development Program for the Outstanding Talents in The Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai,Fudan University,No.2017WYRCJY09the Key Medical Speciality of The Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai,Fudan University,No.2017WY202K08
文摘BACKGROUND Different histological growth patterns(HGPs)of colorectal carcinoma(CRC)liver metastasis are associated with patients’prognosis and response to antiangiogenic therapy.However,the relationship between HGPs of liver metastasis and clinicopathological and genomic characteristics of primary cancer has not been well established.AIM To assess whether certain clinicopathological and genomic features of primary CRC could predict the HGPs of liver metastasis.METHODS A total of 29 patients with paired resections of both primary CRC and liver metastasis were divided into two groups:A(15 cases with desmoplastic liver metastasis)and B(14 cases with replacement liver metastasis).Clinical information was obtained from patients’charts.Mismatch repair proteins,BRAFV600E,and PD-L1 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry.Five cases were selected randomly from each group for whole exome sequencing(WES)analysis.RESULTS In the primary tumor,expanding growth pattern,low tumor budding score(TBS),and Crohn’s disease-like response(CDR)were associated with desmoplastic liver metastasis and better overall survival,whereas infiltrating growth pattern alone of primary carcinoma could predict the replacement liver metastasis and worse overall survival(P<0.05).On WES analysis,primary carcinoma with desmoplastic liver metastasis showed mutations in APC(4/5);TP53(3/5);KRAS,PIK3CA,and FAT4(2/5);BRCA-1,BRCA2,BRAF,and DNAH5(1/5),whereas primary carcinoma with replacement liver metastasis showed mutations in APC and TP53(3/5);KRAS,FAT4,DNH5,SMAD,ERBB2,ERBB3,LRP1,and SDK1(1/5).CONCLUSION The HGPs,TBS,and CDR of primary CRC as well as the presence of specific genetic mutations such as those in PIK3CA could be used to predict the HGPs of liver metastasis,response to therapy,and patients’prognosis.
基金Interim results for the state social science foundation key project ＂Raising Macro Regulation Level and Maintain Fast and Steady Economic Growth＂ （approve No. 09＆ZD017） and ＂Funding Program for Academic Human Resources Development in Institutions of Higher Learning Under the Jurisdiction of Beijing Municipality＂ （approve No. 00491162340 142）.
文摘The BRICS （Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa） and other emerging economies have become a driving global force for the past twenty years. However, their growth patterns are obsolete, impeding the quality and competitiveness of their economic growth, while simultaneously threatening the sustainability of their economic convergence with developed nations. Transforming the domestic growth pattern-the solution to the middle-income trap-has therefore become a key priority for each of these economies. This paper presents a comparative analysis of how to transform the pattern of economic growth in BRICS and achieve sustainable economic convergence with a comparative analysis of the pattern of economic growth and problems among BRICS countries.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41876177)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.201822027)
文摘The live-bearing genus Sebastes is renowned for its outstanding species richness and color diversity,and its speciation has been a point of interest.This study investigated the age,growth,reproductive biology,color pattern and ontogenetic divergence of a pair of closely related rockfishes from the coasts of the Shandong Peninsula,namely,Sebastes koreanus(n=879)and S.nudus(n=257).Marginal increment analysis of sectioned otoliths showed that annulus formation occurred once a year between June and July in both species.The sex-pooled growth curves of S.nudus and 3 populations of S.koreanus differed significantly from each other.No apparent latitudinal cline in growth parameters was found in S.koreanus.For both species,the peak parturition periods were from April to May,and the peak copulation periods were from November to December.S.nudus has a highly variable and conspicuous color pattern while S.koreanus has a stable and dull color pattem.This difference,together with the overlapping distribution and the close relationship,make S.koreanus and S.nudus an ideal model to investigate the color-driven speciation of the Sebastes.We confirmed that S.nudus changes its body color with age and season and fully expresses the carotenoid-based nuptial coloration when the fish reaches first maturity.Moreover,our comparisons of morphological traits that are likely related to survival and quality of these fishes suggested that S.nudus may suffer higher predation risk and foraging difficulty beginning at age 3.In light of the ontogenetic development of the color pattern in S.nudus,we suggested that the full expression of nuptial coloration most likely triggers the strong selective pressure to enhance swimming performance,anti-predator defense and foraging capacity of S.nudus through predator-prey interactions.By understanding all these details,we further inferred a hypothesis that both color pattem and bathymetric segregation play key roles in facilitating the speciation of demersal rockfishes.
文摘Aim of this study is to assess growth pattern in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and factors associated with growth retardation. Methods: A retrospective chart review of all cases of JIA following up at Pediatric Department of King Abdulaziz University Hospital, between July 2000 to July 2016. Demographic, clinical and biological data were collected and analyzed as risk factor for growth retardation. These included age, gender, age at diagnosis, disease duration, type of JIA, the presence of uveitis, rheumatoid factor (RF) positivity, antinuclear antibody (ANA) titer and treatment. Growth pattern was assessed as the percentile for height-for-age, weight-for-age and weight-for-height in reference to the Growth Chart for Saudi Children and Adolescents. Change in percentile rank was divided into 3 categories: regression (a drop of ≥1 percentile);stable (uphold of the same percentile);and progression (change for a superior percentile). Results: A total 78 children were eligible, 52.6% females, mean ± SD age = 9.94 ± 4.92 years, and age at diagnosis = 7.44 ± 4.52 years, mean ± SD [range] disease duration = 2.93 ± 2.70 [6 months;15 years]. The most frequent types of JIA were systemic (33.3%), oligoarticular (30.8%) and polyarticular negative RF (26.9%). Other parameters included positive ANA in 41.0%, positive RF in 7.7% and uveitis in 9.0%. The most frequent treatment was methotrexate (59.0%), followed by biological therapy (47.4%), non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (43.6%) and prednisolone (33.3%). Growth data were available for 67 (85.9%) children, and assessments showed 36% cases of break of the growth curve in both height-for-age and weight-for-age percentiles and 31% in weight-for-height percentiles. In all three parameters, there were shifts towards lower percentiles from time of diagnosis to last follow-up, in both males and females. Correlation and regression analysis showed low age at diagnosis and disease duration to be significant predictors for growth retardation severity. Conclusion: One in three children with JIA has growth retardation, the severity of which is predicted by low age at disease onset and long disease duration.
文摘Tree growth is affected by environmental factors, climate condition and tree age. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth patterns of <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Chamaecyparis</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">obtusa</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C.</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">obtusa</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) stand in the Gyeongnam province. Data was collected from two cities and one county by using sample quadrats of 20 * 20 m. A total of 11 quadrats were used to collect tree height, diameter at the breast height (DBH), annual growth rings and soil data. The data analysis of soil moisture content, pH, organic matter (%), EC (cmol + /kg of soil), and available phosphorous was conducted. Growth ring was analyzed by using computer based software and the ages of the trees were identified. Average growth of height and DBH was computed from the surveyed data and annual growth of each tree was assessed by computer based reading of annual growth rings. The results of the study revealed that tree growth showed a reducing trend along the longevity. It was identified that soil pH, age, variation in annual average temperature, and altitude were the main factors related with growth of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C.</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">obtusa</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> trees along the life of the stand.</span>
文摘Using Cobb-Douglas production function and Solow Residual, this study establishes a discriminant index to measure the intensive index of coal-production at the section-level, so as to analyze the transfer trend of the growth pattern of Jiangsu＇s coal-production since 1990s. The research shows that the transition of coal production in Jiangsu Province has mainly experienced three phases, which are the quick transition phase from extensive growth to intensive growth （from 1990 to 1994）, the fluctuation phase （from 1995 to 1999）, and the transition back phase from intensive growth to extensive growth （from 2000 to 2003）. On the whole, the coal production in Jiangsu Province nowadays is still featured by extensive growth pattern and largely dependent upon capital inputs. Finally, from the aspect of the technology progress, improving the qualities of labor, changing product structures and improving enterprise management, this study puts forward suggestions on how to transfer the growth pattern of Jiangsu＇s coal-production into intensive type.
基金supported by the Nankai University, China and in part by NSERC Grant of Canada
文摘This paper is ttie continuation of part （Ⅰ）, which completes the derivations of the 3D global wave modes solutions, yields the stability criterion and, on the basis of the results obtained, demonstrates the selection criterion of pattern formation.
