GIMMS NDVI database and geo-statistics were used to depict the spatial distribution and temporal stability of NDVI on the Mongolian Plateau.The results demonstrated that:(1) Regions of interest with high NDVI indices ...GIMMS NDVI database and geo-statistics were used to depict the spatial distribution and temporal stability of NDVI on the Mongolian Plateau.The results demonstrated that:(1) Regions of interest with high NDVI indices were distributed primarily in forested mountainous regions of the east and the north,areas with low NDVI indices were primarily distributed in the Gobi desert regions of the west and the southwest,and areas with moderate NDVI values were mainly distributed in a middle steppe strap from northwest to southeast.(2) The maximum NDVI values maintained for the past 22 years showed little variation.The average NDVI variance coefficient for the 22-year period was 15.2%.(3) NDVI distribution and vegetation cover showed spatial autocorrelations on a global scale.NDVI patterns from the vegetation cover also demonstrated anisotropy;a higher positive spatial correlation was indicated in a NW-SE direction,which suggested that vegetation cover in a NW-SE direction maintained increased integrity,and vegetation assemblage was mainly distributed in the same specific direction.(4) The NDVI spatial distribution was mainly controlled by structural factors,88.7% of the total spatial variation was influenced by structural and 11.3% by random factors.And the global autocorrelation distance was 1178 km,and the average vegetation patch length(NW-SE) to width(NE-SW) ratio was approximately 2.4:1.0.展开更多
The relationship between paleogeographic pattern and sedimentary differentiation of evaporite-carbonate symbiotic system is examined based on logging,core and thin section data,by taking the sixth sub-member of fifth ...The relationship between paleogeographic pattern and sedimentary differentiation of evaporite-carbonate symbiotic system is examined based on logging,core and thin section data,by taking the sixth sub-member of fifth member of Ordovician Majiagou Formation(M56)in the central-eastern Ordos Basin as an example.(1)Seven sub-geomorphic units(Taolimiao west low,Taolimiao underwater high,Taolimiao east low,Hengshan high,East salt low,North slope and Southwest slope)developed in the study area.(2)The“three lows”from west to east developed dolomitic restricted lagoon,evaporite evaporative lagoon and salt evaporative lagoon sedimentary facies respectively,the"two highs"developed high-energy grain beach and microbial mound,and the north and south slopes developed dolomitic flats around land.(3)The paleogeographic pattern caused natural differentiation of replenishment seawater from the northwest Qilian sea,leading to the eccentric sedimentary differentiation of dolomite,evaporite and salt rock symbiotic system from west to east,which is different from the classic“bull's eye”and“tear drop”distribution patterns.(4)As the Middle Qilian block subducted and collided into the North China Plate,the far-end compression stress transferred,giving rise to the alternate highland and lowland in near north to south direction during the sedimentary period of M56 sub-member.(5)Taolimiao underwater high and Hengshan high developed favorable zones of microbial mounds and grain shoals in south to north strike in M56 sub-member,making them favorable exploration areas with great exploration potential in the future.展开更多
Objective:To further understand and compare the effectiveness of pattern differentiation treatment and fixed prescription treatment in perimenopausal syndrome.Methods:The study will be conducted in the Hong Kong Feder...Objective:To further understand and compare the effectiveness of pattern differentiation treatment and fixed prescription treatment in perimenopausal syndrome.Methods:The study will be conducted in the Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions Workers'Medical Clinics,Hong Kong Baptist University Chinese Medicine Clinic cum Training and Research Centre(Hong Kong,China).One hundred Chinese women,aged 45-55 years,will be recruited.The participants will be randomized into 2 groups.The intervention group will be administered medication,based on pattern differentiation,by qualified traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)practitioners.After each evaluation,TCM practitioners will evaluate and revise the prescription,based on the participants'patterns.The control group will be given the standard formula,i.e.,the Erxian decoction,which contains 6 herbs.The treatment period and the follow-up period will be 8 weeks each.The primary assessment outcome measure will be the Kupperman Index,and the secondary outcome measure will be the Menopause-specific Quality of Life Questionnaire score.Conclusion:Pattern-differentiated treatment is the basic principle of TCM to understand and treat diseases.The study will show the pattern-differentiated treatment is effectiveness than the fixed prescription.展开更多
In order to differentiate regions, varieties, and parts of tobacco leaves, two pattern recognition methods through pattern classification modeling were developed based on the comprehensive information of ultraviolet-v...In order to differentiate regions, varieties, and parts of tobacco leaves, two pattern recognition methods through pattern classification modeling were developed based on the comprehensive information of ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy （UV-VIS） by employing one-way analysis of variance （ANOVA1） and wave range random combination （WRRC） technology from MATLAB. This proposed classification method has never been reported previously and the instrument and operation for this method is much more convenient and efficient than previous reported classification methods. The result of this paper demonstrated that the spectral features extracted by ANOVAI and WRRC methods could be used to differentiate tobacco leaves with different patterns. The ANOVAI method had a training recognition rate range of 75.00-87.50%,4 and a validation recognition rate range of 57.14-100%. The WRRC method had a training recognition rate range of 75.00-94.12% and a validation recognition rate range of 66.67-100%. The ANOVAI method is more convenient and efficient in model developing, while the WRRC method utilizes fewer model variables and is more robust.展开更多
The present study induced in vitro-cultured passage 4 bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into neural-like cells with a mixture of alkaloid, polysaccharide, aglycone, glycoside, essential oils,...The present study induced in vitro-cultured passage 4 bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into neural-like cells with a mixture of alkaloid, polysaccharide, aglycone, glycoside, essential oils, and effective components of Buyang Huanwu decoction （active principle region of decoction for invigorating yang for recuperation）. After 28 days, nestin and neuron-specific enolase were expressed in the cytoplasm. Reverse transcription-PCR and western blot analyses showed that nestin and neuron-specific enolase mRNA and protein expression was greater in the active principle region group compared with the original formula group. Results demonstrated that the active principle region of Buyang Huanwu decoction induced greater differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells into neural-like cells in vitro than the original Buyang Huanwu decoction formula.展开更多
This paper reviews the process of transportation construction in China and investigates the developmental and spatial characteristics of transportation patterns. The principles of transportation evolution including st...This paper reviews the process of transportation construction in China and investigates the developmental and spatial characteristics of transportation patterns. The principles of transportation evolution including stages, structures and orders are systematically analyzed. The investigation shows that China’s transportation construction mode has upgraded from investment-driven scale expansion to uality improvement driven by efficiency and promotion. The rapid growth and development of transportation networks has significantly influenced economic and social activities in time and space. The resulting spatial convergence and dominance have improved distribution, promoting development of the socioeconomic structure. Regional development that has traditionally been based on corridors has changed into a networked mode centered on cities and metropolitan areas. The transportation pattern follows evolutionary principles. China has been moving from a hierarchical structure to a cascade structure. Simultaneously, the socioeconomic pattern has changed from an axis to a hub-and-spoke structure with a preliminary ordered network. As transportation networks grow, China’s functional spatial structure and ordered network will gradually become stabilized and balanced.展开更多
This paper presents a new pattern recognition system for Chinese spirit identification by using the polymer quartz piezoelectric crystal sensor based e-nose. The sensors are designed based on quartz crystal microbala...This paper presents a new pattern recognition system for Chinese spirit identification by using the polymer quartz piezoelectric crystal sensor based e-nose. The sensors are designed based on quartz crystal microbalance（QCM） principle,and they could capture different vibration frequency signal values for Chinese spirit identification. For each sensor in an8-channel sensor array, seven characteristic values of the original vibration frequency signal values, i.e., average value（A）,root-mean-square value（RMS）, shape factor value（S_f）, crest factor value（C_f）, impulse factor value（I_f）, clearance factor value（CL_f）, kurtosis factor value（K_v） are first extracted. Then the dimension of the characteristic values is reduced by the principle components analysis（PCA） method. Finally the back propagation（BP） neutral network algorithm is used to recognize Chinese spirits. The experimental results show that the recognition rate of six kinds of Chinese spirits is 93.33% and our proposed new pattern recognition system can identify Chinese spirits effectively.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To establish the guidelines on common cold treated with Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in terms of pattern identification. METHODS: The guidelines were formulated by using the basic patterns of common c...OBJECTIVE: To establish the guidelines on common cold treated with Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in terms of pattern identification. METHODS: The guidelines were formulated by using the basic patterns of common cold in ChinaPharmacopeia integrated with findings from systematic literature review and the experts' consensus on the issue in question. RESULTS: Common cold was divided into four patterns in the guidelines. The medications were recommended respectively: Ganmaoqingre granule for wind-cold exterior syndrome,Yinqiaojiedu granule for wind-heat exterior syndrome, Huoxiangzhengqi Wan for summer-heat dampness exterior syndrome and Shensu Wan for wind-cold exterior syndrome accompanied with Qi deficiency. CONCLUSION: The guidelines were primarily derived from the practice experience of TCM and the experts' consensus. The process was not strictly evidence-based because of lacking enough clinical studies. Further refinement of the guidelines should be needed as more studies are available.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To discuss the application of logic to pattern differentiation for treatment in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). METHODS: Comparing logic reasoning of syllogism with the logical thinking ofTCM pattern di...OBJECTIVE: To discuss the application of logic to pattern differentiation for treatment in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). METHODS: Comparing logic reasoning of syllogism with the logical thinking ofTCM pattern differentiation for treatment. RESULTS:TCM logical thinking depends on symbolic and intuitive judgment with abstractive reasoning integrated into the process. Although it lacks quantitative measurement, it pays great attention to the comprehensive analysis of a disease's cause and its development patterns to get insight into the essence of illness. CONCLUSION: TCM diagnosis reasoning methodmay lack rigorousness, continuity, systematic induction and deduction, but its logical thinking still can attain its goal following a process with rigorous, regulated and scientific formal logic.展开更多
Interregional migration has broad and far-reaching impacts on regional urbanization process in ethnic minority areas of Southwest China.The previous literature of interregional migration paid less attention on the eth...Interregional migration has broad and far-reaching impacts on regional urbanization process in ethnic minority areas of Southwest China.The previous literature of interregional migration paid less attention on the ethnic minority areas with fragile geographical feature and marginal socio-economic context in the developing world due to the dearth of reliable data.Based on the 2015 national 1%population sampling survey at the village/community scale,taking Yulong Naxi Autonomous County,Yunnan Province,China as the case study,this paper analyzed the spatial differentiation pattern.The results showed that:(1)migration in Yulong Naxi Autonomous County exhibited obvious spatial differentiation characteristics in terms of population aggregation,population loss,migration direction,and migration activity;(2)the overall spatial differentiation of migration exhibited a"layer+sector"pattern in Yulong Naxi Autonomous County:the first layer was active areas with net inflows(<20 km from the seat of the county government),the second layer was inactive areas(within 20–60 km of the seat of the county government),and the third layer was a mixed"layer+sector"zone(>60 km to the seat of the county government),comprised of inactive areas and active areas with net outflows;(3)the spatial differentiation pattern of migration was highly correlated with the regional contexts including the regional economic development,regional transportation accessibility and regional social development,while regional physical geographical factors had insignificant relationships with the migration pattern.展开更多
Transition from old to new economic drivers(TONED) is of great significance for optimizing economic structures. Using a combination of methods including entropy weight technique for order preference by similarity to i...Transition from old to new economic drivers(TONED) is of great significance for optimizing economic structures. Using a combination of methods including entropy weight technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution, geospatial analysis, and optimal parameter geodetector, this study investigates the patterns and mechanisms of China's TONED in the prefecture-level cities from 2011 to 2020. The findings reveal that(1) the TONED exhibited a spatial distribution characterized by higher levels in the east and lower levels in the west, along with a pyramidal hierarchy of levels. The distribution of hot and cold spots roughly followed the Heihe-Yulin line.(2) The informatization levels, openness to the outside world, and urbanization played a dominant role in the TONED. The types of dual-factor interactions exhibited both dual-factor enhancement and non-linear enhancement effects.(3) The eastern and central regions were more likely to promote the TONED through enhanced informatization levels, whereas the western region relied more on increasing openness. This study finds that the TONED results from the combined effects of three geographical natures, each playing a distinct role. The recommendations provided can serve as a reference for China and other developing countries to implement the TONED in the context of deglobalization.展开更多
Intermetallic compound β-NiA1 is a promising material in high temperature applications due to its high melting temperature, high strength, low density, and good oxidation resistance. However, its application remains ...Intermetallic compound β-NiA1 is a promising material in high temperature applications due to its high melting temperature, high strength, low density, and good oxidation resistance. However, its application remains limited because of its relatively poor cyclic oxidation resistance. Addition of reactive element （RE） Dy can improve the cyclic oxidation of NiA1 alloys significantly. However, the mechanism of Dy addition is not clear. Even the existence pattern of Dy in NiA1 is unspecified. Therefore, in the present study, the impurity formation energies of Dy in stoichiometric NiA1, Ni-rich, and Al-rich NiA1 for the substitution cases were studied by first-principles density functional theory. The results show that Dy could hardly substitute for either Ni or A1 atoms in NiA1. However, calculations for dissolution energies show that Dy could be easily dissolved in AI vacancies in all three types of NiA1, which provides a new existence pattern of Dy in NiA1 beyond experimental detection.展开更多
Based on the sub-region generalized variationM principle, a sub-region mixed version of the newly-developed semi-analytical ＇finite element method of lines＇ （FEMOL） is proposed in this paper for accurate and effic...Based on the sub-region generalized variationM principle, a sub-region mixed version of the newly-developed semi-analytical ＇finite element method of lines＇ （FEMOL） is proposed in this paper for accurate and efficient computation of stress intensity factors （SIFs） of two-dimensional notches/cracks. The circular regions surrounding notch/crack tips are taken as the complementary energy region in which a number of leading terms of singular solutions for stresses are used, with the sought SIFs being among the unknown coefficients. The rest of the arbitrary domain is taken as the potential energy region in which FEMOL is applied to obtain approximate displacements. A mixed system of ordinary differential equations （ODEs） and algebraic equations is derived via the sub-region generalized variational principle. A singularity removal technique that eliminates the stress parameters from the mixed equation system eventually yields a standard FEMOL ODE system, the solution of which is no longer singular and is simply and efficiently obtained using a standard general-purpose ODE solver. A number of numerical examples, including bi-material notches/cracks in anti-plane and plane elasticity, are given to show the generally excellent performance of the proposed method.展开更多
It has been shown that the first principle of thermodynamics follows from the conservation laws for energy and linear momentum. And the second principle of thermodynamics follows from the first principle of thermodyna...It has been shown that the first principle of thermodynamics follows from the conservation laws for energy and linear momentum. And the second principle of thermodynamics follows from the first principle of thermodynamics under realization of the integrating factor (namely, temperature) and is a conservation law. The significance of the first principle of thermodynamics consists in the fact that it specifies the thermodynamic system state, which depends on interaction between conservation laws and is non-equilibrium due to a non-commutativity of conservation laws. The realization of the second principle of thermodynamics points to a transition of the thermodynamic system state into a locally-equilibrium state. Phase transitions are examples of such transitions.展开更多
The ＂differential pattern＂ is an important thesis raised by Fei Xiaotong in his early sociology theory and possesses unique theoretical intension and practical value. From different dimensions, the study of the ＂di...The ＂differential pattern＂ is an important thesis raised by Fei Xiaotong in his early sociology theory and possesses unique theoretical intension and practical value. From different dimensions, the study of the ＂differential pattern＂ theory and its contemporary value has been one of the hot issues in domestic sociology. With these studies, the contents of the ＂differential pattern＂ theory are enriched, and also its value boundary and contemporary significance are revealed.展开更多
The article formulates the main principle of physics, which underlies this science. This principle has been called by the author of this article the Principle of differentiation into physical and mathematical theories...The article formulates the main principle of physics, which underlies this science. This principle has been called by the author of this article the Principle of differentiation into physical and mathematical theories. The article gives examples of the application of this principle in quantum mechanics and cosmology. A more detailed proof of the principle of equivalence of the electromagnetic field and the field of strong interaction to a free material particle is given. This principle, formulated in the article “Electrodynamics in Curvilinear Coordinates and the Equation of a Geodesic Line”, revealed the nature of the mass of elementary particles and became the basis for the formulation of the Principle of differentiation into physical and mathematical theories.展开更多
The current context of global efforts in the pursuit of sustainable development can be characterized by the perception of the scientific-technological losses of ecosystems and ecosystem services and their consequences...The current context of global efforts in the pursuit of sustainable development can be characterized by the perception of the scientific-technological losses of ecosystems and ecosystem services and their consequences for the survival of humanity in the face of threats of imbalances in the basic conditions for survival such as food production, the environmental quality, natural control of pests and diseases, loses of biodiversity and climate changes. Some recent initiatives at global, regional and local level are pointed and some conceptual trends and deployment strategies advance towards the consolidation of the principles of sustainable development, despite several difficulties for effectively reaching its goals. The trend of gradual changes in the models of developing nations and in the patterns of production and consumption is portrayed objectively, seeking to correlate with principles of environmental economics and green economy, since Cecil Pigou and Stuart Mill principles to recent researches as Kenneth Boulding, Herman Daly, Nicholas Georgescu-Rogen, Franz Capra, Ignacy Sachs, Edgar Morin, beyond others. The ability of the United Nations and governments to intervene in neoliberal logic aiming wider benefit to society and the reduction of the negative effects of market distortions, as striking on the global stage, represents a true redemption of the principles advocated by Cecil Pigou, at the beginning of the last century, both for the global economy and for their effects on environmental and social conflicts, social exclusion resulting from the current economic systems which are not necessary new strategies, principles, or economic formulas, but decision making to tackle the market with seriousness to promote equity, social justice and environmental sustainability, without sacrificing progress and development, as evident in the current discussion of social inclusion and the convergence of individual and collective interests, so far in the development model based on increasing production and consumption, yet with little environmental responsibility.展开更多
In this paper,inspired by the running motion gait of a cheetah,an H-shaped bionic piezoelectric robot(H-BPR)based on the standing wave principle is proposed and designed.The piezoelectric robot realizes linear motion,...In this paper,inspired by the running motion gait of a cheetah,an H-shaped bionic piezoelectric robot(H-BPR)based on the standing wave principle is proposed and designed.The piezoelectric robot realizes linear motion,turning motion,and turning motion with different radi by the voltage differential driving method.A prototype with a weight of 38 g and dimensions of 150×80×31 mm^(3) was fabricated.Firstly,the dynamics and kinematics of the piezoelectric robot were analyzed to obtain the trajectory of a point at the end of the piezoelectric robot leg.The motion principle of the piezo-electric robot was analyzed,and then the piezoelectric robot's modal analysis and harmonic response analysis were carried out using finite element analysis software.Finally,an experimental setup was built to verify the effectiveness and high efficiency of the robot's motion,and the effects of frequency,voltage,load,and height of the driving leg on the robot's motion performance were discussed.The performance test results show that the piezoelectric robot has a maximum veloc-ity of 66.79 mm/s at an excitation voltage of 320 V and a load capacity of 55 g.In addition,the H-BPR with unequal drive legs has better climbing performance,and the obtained conclusions are informative for selecting leg heights for piezoelectric robots.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To identify key elements for screening kidney deficiency pattern(KDP)through a systematic review and Delphi methodology to detect high-risk KDP groups.METHODS:We first conducted a systematic review to extrac...OBJECTIVE:To identify key elements for screening kidney deficiency pattern(KDP)through a systematic review and Delphi methodology to detect high-risk KDP groups.METHODS:We first conducted a systematic review to extract kidney system patterns and then performed four rounds of the Delphi.After the third round,two face-toface consensus meetings were held to finalize the consensus.The English version of the KDP Screening Questionnaire(KDPScreen Q)was developed through agreement between a bilingual physician and the research team.RESULTS:A systematic review identified 35 studies that predominantly focused on KDP,KDP-Yin,and KDP-Yang.Twenty-two common symptoms were reported in five or more studies.A panel of ten experts,including specialists in internal medicine and diagnostics,participated in all four rounds of the Delphi process.The final KDPScreen Q comprises 20 key elements.Key elements for KDP include lassitude;weakness,and pain in the lumbar region and knee joints(four items);reduced libido or sexual dysfunction;tinnitus or deafness;urinary incontinence(two items);thinning and loss of hair;forgetfulness;loose teeth and weak gums.Key elements for KDP-Yin include heat sensation in the palms and feet;a sensation of heat and tightness in the chest(particularly in the afternoon);night sweats;and dry mouth.Key elements for KDP-Yang include aversion to cold;edema;early morning diarrhea;and loose stools.CONCLUSION:The KDPScreen Q is a fundamental tool for standardizing KDP differentiation,serving both to screen patients with KDP and to track their long-term prognosis.This questionnaire will next be used in a prospective observational study to determine cut-off values.展开更多
Objective:To elucidate the quantification and standardization of cold and hot patterns,the fundamental concepts in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Methods:This randomized cross-controlled trial recruited 30 healthy ...Objective:To elucidate the quantification and standardization of cold and hot patterns,the fundamental concepts in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Methods:This randomized cross-controlled trial recruited 30 healthy volunteers.Participants in Group 1 underwent 14 days of Coptis chinensis Franch.(C.chinensis,Huang Lian)treatment to shift their body toward the cold pattern,followed by 7 days of washout and 14 days of Cinnamomum cassia Presl(C.cassia,Rou Gui)treatment to shift their body toward the hot pattern.Participants in Group 2 underwent the opposite treatment.Blood and stool samples were collected for routine blood testing and full-length 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing.Results:Red blood cells(RBC),hemoglobin(HGB),hematocrit(HCT),and blood platelet count(BPC)were increased by C.chinensis,whereas the mean corpuscular HGB concentration(MCHC)was increased by C.cassia.RBC,HGB,HCT,and BPC were positively associated with the cold pattern but negatively correlated with the hot pattern,whereas MCHC showed opposite relationships.C.chinensis-increased Blautia stercoris was positively correlated with RBC,HGB,and HCT under C.chinensis treatment,whereas C.cassia-enhanced Parabacteroides distasonis_A was positively associated with MCHC under C.cassia treatment.Interestingly,five indicators(RBC,HGB,HCT,Blautia stercoris,and Prevotella copri)had an area under the curve of 0.795 for predicting the cold pattern.Although three indicators(MCHC,Akkermansia sp004167605,and Parabacteroides distasonis_A)showed poor predictive ability for the hot pattern,when the individual’s gut microbiota experienced disturbance by cold Chinese materia medica stimulation,the predictive ability increased to 0.703.Conclusion:This study suggests that blood parameters and gut microbes may be potential indicators of hot and cold TCM patterns,which could benefit the objectivity and scientific rigor of TCM.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40701150 National Science and Technology Support Project, No.07H70163AR National Key Project of Scientific and Technical Supporting Programs,No.2006BAC08B03,No.2008BAC34B06
文摘GIMMS NDVI database and geo-statistics were used to depict the spatial distribution and temporal stability of NDVI on the Mongolian Plateau.The results demonstrated that:(1) Regions of interest with high NDVI indices were distributed primarily in forested mountainous regions of the east and the north,areas with low NDVI indices were primarily distributed in the Gobi desert regions of the west and the southwest,and areas with moderate NDVI values were mainly distributed in a middle steppe strap from northwest to southeast.(2) The maximum NDVI values maintained for the past 22 years showed little variation.The average NDVI variance coefficient for the 22-year period was 15.2%.(3) NDVI distribution and vegetation cover showed spatial autocorrelations on a global scale.NDVI patterns from the vegetation cover also demonstrated anisotropy;a higher positive spatial correlation was indicated in a NW-SE direction,which suggested that vegetation cover in a NW-SE direction maintained increased integrity,and vegetation assemblage was mainly distributed in the same specific direction.(4) The NDVI spatial distribution was mainly controlled by structural factors,88.7% of the total spatial variation was influenced by structural and 11.3% by random factors.And the global autocorrelation distance was 1178 km,and the average vegetation patch length(NW-SE) to width(NE-SW) ratio was approximately 2.4:1.0.
基金Supported by the Fundamental Project of China National Petroleum Corporation(2021DJ0501).
文摘The relationship between paleogeographic pattern and sedimentary differentiation of evaporite-carbonate symbiotic system is examined based on logging,core and thin section data,by taking the sixth sub-member of fifth member of Ordovician Majiagou Formation(M56)in the central-eastern Ordos Basin as an example.(1)Seven sub-geomorphic units(Taolimiao west low,Taolimiao underwater high,Taolimiao east low,Hengshan high,East salt low,North slope and Southwest slope)developed in the study area.(2)The“three lows”from west to east developed dolomitic restricted lagoon,evaporite evaporative lagoon and salt evaporative lagoon sedimentary facies respectively,the"two highs"developed high-energy grain beach and microbial mound,and the north and south slopes developed dolomitic flats around land.(3)The paleogeographic pattern caused natural differentiation of replenishment seawater from the northwest Qilian sea,leading to the eccentric sedimentary differentiation of dolomite,evaporite and salt rock symbiotic system from west to east,which is different from the classic“bull's eye”and“tear drop”distribution patterns.(4)As the Middle Qilian block subducted and collided into the North China Plate,the far-end compression stress transferred,giving rise to the alternate highland and lowland in near north to south direction during the sedimentary period of M56 sub-member.(5)Taolimiao underwater high and Hengshan high developed favorable zones of microbial mounds and grain shoals in south to north strike in M56 sub-member,making them favorable exploration areas with great exploration potential in the future.
基金funded by Chinese Medicine Research Practical Training Program of Hong Kong Hospital Authority Chinese Medicine Department(Hong Kong,China)。
文摘Objective:To further understand and compare the effectiveness of pattern differentiation treatment and fixed prescription treatment in perimenopausal syndrome.Methods:The study will be conducted in the Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions Workers'Medical Clinics,Hong Kong Baptist University Chinese Medicine Clinic cum Training and Research Centre(Hong Kong,China).One hundred Chinese women,aged 45-55 years,will be recruited.The participants will be randomized into 2 groups.The intervention group will be administered medication,based on pattern differentiation,by qualified traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)practitioners.After each evaluation,TCM practitioners will evaluate and revise the prescription,based on the participants'patterns.The control group will be given the standard formula,i.e.,the Erxian decoction,which contains 6 herbs.The treatment period and the follow-up period will be 8 weeks each.The primary assessment outcome measure will be the Kupperman Index,and the secondary outcome measure will be the Menopause-specific Quality of Life Questionnaire score.Conclusion:Pattern-differentiated treatment is the basic principle of TCM to understand and treat diseases.The study will show the pattern-differentiated treatment is effectiveness than the fixed prescription.
文摘In order to differentiate regions, varieties, and parts of tobacco leaves, two pattern recognition methods through pattern classification modeling were developed based on the comprehensive information of ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy （UV-VIS） by employing one-way analysis of variance （ANOVA1） and wave range random combination （WRRC） technology from MATLAB. This proposed classification method has never been reported previously and the instrument and operation for this method is much more convenient and efficient than previous reported classification methods. The result of this paper demonstrated that the spectral features extracted by ANOVAI and WRRC methods could be used to differentiate tobacco leaves with different patterns. The ANOVAI method had a training recognition rate range of 75.00-87.50%,4 and a validation recognition rate range of 57.14-100%. The WRRC method had a training recognition rate range of 75.00-94.12% and a validation recognition rate range of 66.67-100%. The ANOVAI method is more convenient and efficient in model developing, while the WRRC method utilizes fewer model variables and is more robust.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province (Role of substance P in electroacupuncture for focal brain ischemia in rats), No. 050431003the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Target point and signal transduction pathway of Yangxin Tongmai active principle region for BMSCs), No. 81102595
文摘The present study induced in vitro-cultured passage 4 bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into neural-like cells with a mixture of alkaloid, polysaccharide, aglycone, glycoside, essential oils, and effective components of Buyang Huanwu decoction （active principle region of decoction for invigorating yang for recuperation）. After 28 days, nestin and neuron-specific enolase were expressed in the cytoplasm. Reverse transcription-PCR and western blot analyses showed that nestin and neuron-specific enolase mRNA and protein expression was greater in the active principle region group compared with the original formula group. Results demonstrated that the active principle region of Buyang Huanwu decoction induced greater differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells into neural-like cells in vitro than the original Buyang Huanwu decoction formula.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41771134Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,No.XDA19040403
文摘This paper reviews the process of transportation construction in China and investigates the developmental and spatial characteristics of transportation patterns. The principles of transportation evolution including stages, structures and orders are systematically analyzed. The investigation shows that China’s transportation construction mode has upgraded from investment-driven scale expansion to uality improvement driven by efficiency and promotion. The rapid growth and development of transportation networks has significantly influenced economic and social activities in time and space. The resulting spatial convergence and dominance have improved distribution, promoting development of the socioeconomic structure. Regional development that has traditionally been based on corridors has changed into a networked mode centered on cities and metropolitan areas. The transportation pattern follows evolutionary principles. China has been moving from a hierarchical structure to a cascade structure. Simultaneously, the socioeconomic pattern has changed from an axis to a hub-and-spoke structure with a preliminary ordered network. As transportation networks grow, China’s functional spatial structure and ordered network will gradually become stabilized and balanced.
基金Project supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2013AA030901)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Grant No.FRF-TP-14-120A2)
文摘This paper presents a new pattern recognition system for Chinese spirit identification by using the polymer quartz piezoelectric crystal sensor based e-nose. The sensors are designed based on quartz crystal microbalance（QCM） principle,and they could capture different vibration frequency signal values for Chinese spirit identification. For each sensor in an8-channel sensor array, seven characteristic values of the original vibration frequency signal values, i.e., average value（A）,root-mean-square value（RMS）, shape factor value（S_f）, crest factor value（C_f）, impulse factor value（I_f）, clearance factor value（CL_f）, kurtosis factor value（K_v） are first extracted. Then the dimension of the characteristic values is reduced by the principle components analysis（PCA） method. Finally the back propagation（BP） neutral network algorithm is used to recognize Chinese spirits. The experimental results show that the recognition rate of six kinds of Chinese spirits is 93.33% and our proposed new pattern recognition system can identify Chinese spirits effectively.
基金Supported by West Pacific and Asian Region, WHO and China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences the Innovative Team Project of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine(2011-CXTD-08)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To establish the guidelines on common cold treated with Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in terms of pattern identification. METHODS: The guidelines were formulated by using the basic patterns of common cold in ChinaPharmacopeia integrated with findings from systematic literature review and the experts' consensus on the issue in question. RESULTS: Common cold was divided into four patterns in the guidelines. The medications were recommended respectively: Ganmaoqingre granule for wind-cold exterior syndrome,Yinqiaojiedu granule for wind-heat exterior syndrome, Huoxiangzhengqi Wan for summer-heat dampness exterior syndrome and Shensu Wan for wind-cold exterior syndrome accompanied with Qi deficiency. CONCLUSION: The guidelines were primarily derived from the practice experience of TCM and the experts' consensus. The process was not strictly evidence-based because of lacking enough clinical studies. Further refinement of the guidelines should be needed as more studies are available.
基金Supported by the National Science & Technology Pillar Program in the 11th Five year Plan of China (2006BAI11B0801)the Priority Academic Program Development (PAPD) of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
文摘OBJECTIVE: To discuss the application of logic to pattern differentiation for treatment in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). METHODS: Comparing logic reasoning of syllogism with the logical thinking ofTCM pattern differentiation for treatment. RESULTS:TCM logical thinking depends on symbolic and intuitive judgment with abstractive reasoning integrated into the process. Although it lacks quantitative measurement, it pays great attention to the comprehensive analysis of a disease's cause and its development patterns to get insight into the essence of illness. CONCLUSION: TCM diagnosis reasoning methodmay lack rigorousness, continuity, systematic induction and deduction, but its logical thinking still can attain its goal following a process with rigorous, regulated and scientific formal logic.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41930644).
文摘Interregional migration has broad and far-reaching impacts on regional urbanization process in ethnic minority areas of Southwest China.The previous literature of interregional migration paid less attention on the ethnic minority areas with fragile geographical feature and marginal socio-economic context in the developing world due to the dearth of reliable data.Based on the 2015 national 1%population sampling survey at the village/community scale,taking Yulong Naxi Autonomous County,Yunnan Province,China as the case study,this paper analyzed the spatial differentiation pattern.The results showed that:(1)migration in Yulong Naxi Autonomous County exhibited obvious spatial differentiation characteristics in terms of population aggregation,population loss,migration direction,and migration activity;(2)the overall spatial differentiation of migration exhibited a"layer+sector"pattern in Yulong Naxi Autonomous County:the first layer was active areas with net inflows(<20 km from the seat of the county government),the second layer was inactive areas(within 20–60 km of the seat of the county government),and the third layer was a mixed"layer+sector"zone(>60 km to the seat of the county government),comprised of inactive areas and active areas with net outflows;(3)the spatial differentiation pattern of migration was highly correlated with the regional contexts including the regional economic development,regional transportation accessibility and regional social development,while regional physical geographical factors had insignificant relationships with the migration pattern.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42371188National Social Science Foundation of China,No.20BJL104+2 种基金Major Project of Key Research Bases of Humanities and Social Sciences,Ministry of Education,No.22JJD790016Major Project of Applied Research in Philosophy and Social Sciences at Colleges and Universities in Henan Province,No.2023-YYZD-03Program of Excellence for Graduate Students of Henan University,No.SYLYC2023123。
文摘Transition from old to new economic drivers(TONED) is of great significance for optimizing economic structures. Using a combination of methods including entropy weight technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution, geospatial analysis, and optimal parameter geodetector, this study investigates the patterns and mechanisms of China's TONED in the prefecture-level cities from 2011 to 2020. The findings reveal that(1) the TONED exhibited a spatial distribution characterized by higher levels in the east and lower levels in the west, along with a pyramidal hierarchy of levels. The distribution of hot and cold spots roughly followed the Heihe-Yulin line.(2) The informatization levels, openness to the outside world, and urbanization played a dominant role in the TONED. The types of dual-factor interactions exhibited both dual-factor enhancement and non-linear enhancement effects.(3) The eastern and central regions were more likely to promote the TONED through enhanced informatization levels, whereas the western region relied more on increasing openness. This study finds that the TONED results from the combined effects of three geographical natures, each playing a distinct role. The recommendations provided can serve as a reference for China and other developing countries to implement the TONED in the context of deglobalization.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.50771009,50731001,and 51071013)the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2010CB631200)
文摘Intermetallic compound β-NiA1 is a promising material in high temperature applications due to its high melting temperature, high strength, low density, and good oxidation resistance. However, its application remains limited because of its relatively poor cyclic oxidation resistance. Addition of reactive element （RE） Dy can improve the cyclic oxidation of NiA1 alloys significantly. However, the mechanism of Dy addition is not clear. Even the existence pattern of Dy in NiA1 is unspecified. Therefore, in the present study, the impurity formation energies of Dy in stoichiometric NiA1, Ni-rich, and Al-rich NiA1 for the substitution cases were studied by first-principles density functional theory. The results show that Dy could hardly substitute for either Ni or A1 atoms in NiA1. However, calculations for dissolution energies show that Dy could be easily dissolved in AI vacancies in all three types of NiA1, which provides a new existence pattern of Dy in NiA1 beyond experimental detection.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(Nos.59525813 and 19872066)the Cardiff Advanced Chinese Engineering Centre of Cardiff University.
文摘Based on the sub-region generalized variationM principle, a sub-region mixed version of the newly-developed semi-analytical ＇finite element method of lines＇ （FEMOL） is proposed in this paper for accurate and efficient computation of stress intensity factors （SIFs） of two-dimensional notches/cracks. The circular regions surrounding notch/crack tips are taken as the complementary energy region in which a number of leading terms of singular solutions for stresses are used, with the sought SIFs being among the unknown coefficients. The rest of the arbitrary domain is taken as the potential energy region in which FEMOL is applied to obtain approximate displacements. A mixed system of ordinary differential equations （ODEs） and algebraic equations is derived via the sub-region generalized variational principle. A singularity removal technique that eliminates the stress parameters from the mixed equation system eventually yields a standard FEMOL ODE system, the solution of which is no longer singular and is simply and efficiently obtained using a standard general-purpose ODE solver. A number of numerical examples, including bi-material notches/cracks in anti-plane and plane elasticity, are given to show the generally excellent performance of the proposed method.
文摘It has been shown that the first principle of thermodynamics follows from the conservation laws for energy and linear momentum. And the second principle of thermodynamics follows from the first principle of thermodynamics under realization of the integrating factor (namely, temperature) and is a conservation law. The significance of the first principle of thermodynamics consists in the fact that it specifies the thermodynamic system state, which depends on interaction between conservation laws and is non-equilibrium due to a non-commutativity of conservation laws. The realization of the second principle of thermodynamics points to a transition of the thermodynamic system state into a locally-equilibrium state. Phase transitions are examples of such transitions.
文摘The ＂differential pattern＂ is an important thesis raised by Fei Xiaotong in his early sociology theory and possesses unique theoretical intension and practical value. From different dimensions, the study of the ＂differential pattern＂ theory and its contemporary value has been one of the hot issues in domestic sociology. With these studies, the contents of the ＂differential pattern＂ theory are enriched, and also its value boundary and contemporary significance are revealed.
文摘The article formulates the main principle of physics, which underlies this science. This principle has been called by the author of this article the Principle of differentiation into physical and mathematical theories. The article gives examples of the application of this principle in quantum mechanics and cosmology. A more detailed proof of the principle of equivalence of the electromagnetic field and the field of strong interaction to a free material particle is given. This principle, formulated in the article “Electrodynamics in Curvilinear Coordinates and the Equation of a Geodesic Line”, revealed the nature of the mass of elementary particles and became the basis for the formulation of the Principle of differentiation into physical and mathematical theories.
文摘The current context of global efforts in the pursuit of sustainable development can be characterized by the perception of the scientific-technological losses of ecosystems and ecosystem services and their consequences for the survival of humanity in the face of threats of imbalances in the basic conditions for survival such as food production, the environmental quality, natural control of pests and diseases, loses of biodiversity and climate changes. Some recent initiatives at global, regional and local level are pointed and some conceptual trends and deployment strategies advance towards the consolidation of the principles of sustainable development, despite several difficulties for effectively reaching its goals. The trend of gradual changes in the models of developing nations and in the patterns of production and consumption is portrayed objectively, seeking to correlate with principles of environmental economics and green economy, since Cecil Pigou and Stuart Mill principles to recent researches as Kenneth Boulding, Herman Daly, Nicholas Georgescu-Rogen, Franz Capra, Ignacy Sachs, Edgar Morin, beyond others. The ability of the United Nations and governments to intervene in neoliberal logic aiming wider benefit to society and the reduction of the negative effects of market distortions, as striking on the global stage, represents a true redemption of the principles advocated by Cecil Pigou, at the beginning of the last century, both for the global economy and for their effects on environmental and social conflicts, social exclusion resulting from the current economic systems which are not necessary new strategies, principles, or economic formulas, but decision making to tackle the market with seriousness to promote equity, social justice and environmental sustainability, without sacrificing progress and development, as evident in the current discussion of social inclusion and the convergence of individual and collective interests, so far in the development model based on increasing production and consumption, yet with little environmental responsibility.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12372005)the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(No.ASFC-2024Z070050001)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(2024-MSBA-32).
文摘In this paper,inspired by the running motion gait of a cheetah,an H-shaped bionic piezoelectric robot(H-BPR)based on the standing wave principle is proposed and designed.The piezoelectric robot realizes linear motion,turning motion,and turning motion with different radi by the voltage differential driving method.A prototype with a weight of 38 g and dimensions of 150×80×31 mm^(3) was fabricated.Firstly,the dynamics and kinematics of the piezoelectric robot were analyzed to obtain the trajectory of a point at the end of the piezoelectric robot leg.The motion principle of the piezo-electric robot was analyzed,and then the piezoelectric robot's modal analysis and harmonic response analysis were carried out using finite element analysis software.Finally,an experimental setup was built to verify the effectiveness and high efficiency of the robot's motion,and the effects of frequency,voltage,load,and height of the driving leg on the robot's motion performance were discussed.The performance test results show that the piezoelectric robot has a maximum veloc-ity of 66.79 mm/s at an excitation voltage of 320 V and a load capacity of 55 g.In addition,the H-BPR with unequal drive legs has better climbing performance,and the obtained conclusions are informative for selecting leg heights for piezoelectric robots.
基金Supported by the Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine:Research on the Scientification of Korean Medicine Theory for Healthy Aging(KSN2311021)National Research Foundation of Korea Grant Funded by the Korean Government:Sejong Fellowship:Network and Big Data Analysis-Based Translational Research for Optimizing Korean Medicine Regimens and Predicting Responders in Heart Failure(RS-2022-NR072366)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To identify key elements for screening kidney deficiency pattern(KDP)through a systematic review and Delphi methodology to detect high-risk KDP groups.METHODS:We first conducted a systematic review to extract kidney system patterns and then performed four rounds of the Delphi.After the third round,two face-toface consensus meetings were held to finalize the consensus.The English version of the KDP Screening Questionnaire(KDPScreen Q)was developed through agreement between a bilingual physician and the research team.RESULTS:A systematic review identified 35 studies that predominantly focused on KDP,KDP-Yin,and KDP-Yang.Twenty-two common symptoms were reported in five or more studies.A panel of ten experts,including specialists in internal medicine and diagnostics,participated in all four rounds of the Delphi process.The final KDPScreen Q comprises 20 key elements.Key elements for KDP include lassitude;weakness,and pain in the lumbar region and knee joints(four items);reduced libido or sexual dysfunction;tinnitus or deafness;urinary incontinence(two items);thinning and loss of hair;forgetfulness;loose teeth and weak gums.Key elements for KDP-Yin include heat sensation in the palms and feet;a sensation of heat and tightness in the chest(particularly in the afternoon);night sweats;and dry mouth.Key elements for KDP-Yang include aversion to cold;edema;early morning diarrhea;and loose stools.CONCLUSION:The KDPScreen Q is a fundamental tool for standardizing KDP differentiation,serving both to screen patients with KDP and to track their long-term prognosis.This questionnaire will next be used in a prospective observational study to determine cut-off values.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81973217).
文摘Objective:To elucidate the quantification and standardization of cold and hot patterns,the fundamental concepts in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Methods:This randomized cross-controlled trial recruited 30 healthy volunteers.Participants in Group 1 underwent 14 days of Coptis chinensis Franch.(C.chinensis,Huang Lian)treatment to shift their body toward the cold pattern,followed by 7 days of washout and 14 days of Cinnamomum cassia Presl(C.cassia,Rou Gui)treatment to shift their body toward the hot pattern.Participants in Group 2 underwent the opposite treatment.Blood and stool samples were collected for routine blood testing and full-length 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing.Results:Red blood cells(RBC),hemoglobin(HGB),hematocrit(HCT),and blood platelet count(BPC)were increased by C.chinensis,whereas the mean corpuscular HGB concentration(MCHC)was increased by C.cassia.RBC,HGB,HCT,and BPC were positively associated with the cold pattern but negatively correlated with the hot pattern,whereas MCHC showed opposite relationships.C.chinensis-increased Blautia stercoris was positively correlated with RBC,HGB,and HCT under C.chinensis treatment,whereas C.cassia-enhanced Parabacteroides distasonis_A was positively associated with MCHC under C.cassia treatment.Interestingly,five indicators(RBC,HGB,HCT,Blautia stercoris,and Prevotella copri)had an area under the curve of 0.795 for predicting the cold pattern.Although three indicators(MCHC,Akkermansia sp004167605,and Parabacteroides distasonis_A)showed poor predictive ability for the hot pattern,when the individual’s gut microbiota experienced disturbance by cold Chinese materia medica stimulation,the predictive ability increased to 0.703.Conclusion:This study suggests that blood parameters and gut microbes may be potential indicators of hot and cold TCM patterns,which could benefit the objectivity and scientific rigor of TCM.
