Plants constantly confront threats from microbial pathogens.To combat these challenges,they have evolved sophisticated defense mechanisms,most notably a dual‐layered immune system:pattern-triggered immunity(PTI)and e...Plants constantly confront threats from microbial pathogens.To combat these challenges,they have evolved sophisticated defense mechanisms,most notably a dual‐layered immune system:pattern-triggered immunity(PTI)and effector-triggered immunity(ETI).PTI involves pattern recognition receptors(PRRs)detecting pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs)to activate broad-spectrum immunity(Boller and Felix 2009).Pathogens evade PTI via immunosuppressive effectors(Albert et al.2020).This prompts plants to deploy ETI—a stronger,specific response mediated by NLRs(NB-LRR proteins)that recognize effectors(Bentham et al.2017).Structurally,NLRs comprise three domains:N-terminal(CC or TIR),central NB-ARC,and C-terminal LRR,classifying them as CNLs/TNLs(Wang et al.2021).展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372478).
文摘Plants constantly confront threats from microbial pathogens.To combat these challenges,they have evolved sophisticated defense mechanisms,most notably a dual‐layered immune system:pattern-triggered immunity(PTI)and effector-triggered immunity(ETI).PTI involves pattern recognition receptors(PRRs)detecting pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs)to activate broad-spectrum immunity(Boller and Felix 2009).Pathogens evade PTI via immunosuppressive effectors(Albert et al.2020).This prompts plants to deploy ETI—a stronger,specific response mediated by NLRs(NB-LRR proteins)that recognize effectors(Bentham et al.2017).Structurally,NLRs comprise three domains:N-terminal(CC or TIR),central NB-ARC,and C-terminal LRR,classifying them as CNLs/TNLs(Wang et al.2021).
