This paper presents an overview of the pathogens, symptoms of damage, patterns of occurrence, and chemical control methods associated with four major pear tree diseases: pear scab, pear ring rot, pear anthracnose, and...This paper presents an overview of the pathogens, symptoms of damage, patterns of occurrence, and chemical control methods associated with four major pear tree diseases: pear scab, pear ring rot, pear anthracnose, and pear speckle. The objective is to provide valuable references for the scientific and precise prevention and management of diseases in pear orchards, thereby contributing to the production of high-quality and high-yield pear fruits.展开更多
Neurodegenerative diseases are a class of disorders with the gradual loss of the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.Neurodegenerative diseases manifest primarily as cognitive and behavioral disorders...Neurodegenerative diseases are a class of disorders with the gradual loss of the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.Neurodegenerative diseases manifest primarily as cognitive and behavioral disorders that adversely affect the lives of millions of people worldwide.Therefore,it is necessary to elucidate the mechanism of neurodegenerative diseases further and find effective new therapies.In recent years,increasing evidence has shown that the immune system plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases and regulates this process.The central and peripheral immune systems exert different roles in the disease progression.The development of neurodegenerative diseases is influenced by interactions between them.This review focuses on how the immune system,including microglia mediated nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 inflammation activation and T cell-mediated neuroinflammation,interactions with neurodegenerative diseases by modulating protein aggregation and blood-brain barrier permeability.Besides,we gave particular attention to glial cell-centered multicellular interactions and the inflammatory signaling pathway.Insight into the immune system’s functions and cellular interactions is essential for progressing disease research.In addition,the functions and mechanisms of these immune cells also suggest new ideas and targets for treatment.Therefore,this review summarizes some of the existing treatment strategies for amyloid-beta,tau,neuroinflammation,α-synuclein,associated microbiota,immune modulation,and neural injury repair.In addition,this review summarizes and compares animal models of different common neurodegenerative diseases and clinical research progress.In view of the current research status,new research directions and suggestions are proposed.展开更多
Background:Infectious disease control has historically functioned as a critical intersection of biological survival and social organization.For centuries,humanity relied on empirical defenses such as quarantine and en...Background:Infectious disease control has historically functioned as a critical intersection of biological survival and social organization.For centuries,humanity relied on empirical defenses such as quarantine and environmental sanitation.However,the theoretical foundation of prevention has shifted significantly toward biomedical sciences,including microbiology,immunology,and molecular biology.Methods:Using a public health history framework,this review synthesizes data from academic archives,monographs,and policy documents.We examined key case studies-Plague,Cholera,Influenza,HIV/AIDS,and COVID-19-to map the technological and institutional evolution of disease management.Results:We locate the primary historical turning point in the 19th century.It was here that control strategies evolved from crude population mandates into precise biomedical interventions.The synthesis of sanitary reform and germ theory catalyzed this era of scientific progress.Following the standardization of vaccines and antibiotics,the focus shifted to chronic management during the HIV/AIDS crisis.Contemporary tools like mRNA platforms and genomic surveillance continue this lineage,yet their practical application remains uneven globally.Conclusion:We conclude that biomedical breakthroughs are necessary but insufficient for security.Effective defense requires coupling scientific tools with resilient infrastructure and global health coordination to resolve systemic inequities.展开更多
Plant-parasitic nematodes(PPNs)(Meloidogyne sp.,Globodera sp.,and Pratylenchus sp.)and fungi are two of the most economically important groups of organisms affecting agricultural productivity worldwide.The interaction...Plant-parasitic nematodes(PPNs)(Meloidogyne sp.,Globodera sp.,and Pratylenchus sp.)and fungi are two of the most economically important groups of organisms affecting agricultural productivity worldwide.The interactions among PPNs,biocontrol fungi,and soil ecosystem can significantly impact plant health,disease management,and ecosystem functioning.We aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the complex relationships between PPNs and biocontrol fungi,including pathogenic and biocontrol interactions.We summarized the molecular and ecological mechanisms underlying these interactions,highlighting the key players,signaling pathways,and environmental factors that influence the interactions.We also reviewed current knowledge on fungus-based biocontrol strategies against PPNs,including the development of novel management approaches.Furthermore,we explored the prospects of nematode-fungus interactions in agriculture,including the potential applications and technologies,precision agriculture,and integrated pest management approaches.This review highlights the need for further research on nematode-fungus interactions and their impact on plant infection and productivity,with an emphasis on the development of sustainable and effective strategies for managing PPNs and enhancing plant health in agricultural ecosystems.展开更多
Climate change profoundly influences sulfur(S)nutrition,which plays a crucial role in plant growth,development,and responses to diseases.Climate-induced stress may impair plant growth,photosynthesis,pollen development...Climate change profoundly influences sulfur(S)nutrition,which plays a crucial role in plant growth,development,and responses to diseases.Climate-induced stress may impair plant growth,photosynthesis,pollen development,and reproduction.For instance,under high temperature stress,plant photosynthetic efficiency is reduced due to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species,denaturation of heat shock proteins,and alterations in various enzyme activities.Unlike drought stress,plants have developed only a few mechanisms to mitigate heat stress.Utilization of S is one of the efficient strategies to enhance plant tolerance against biotic and abiotic stresses.Plant-derived S-containing secondary metabolites play a vital role in plant-pest and plant-disease interactions in various plants.However,little is known about the roles of S and its management strategies in response to disease attack in wheat and barley under climate change.A deeper understanding of S-based strategies could contribute to sustaining plant health and productivity,thereby supporting global wheat and barley yields in the face of increasing climate change challenges.This review therefore focuses on the roles of S and associated management strategies utilized to support plant growth,development,and reproduction and enhance disease resistance and tolerance to abiotic stresses in wheat and barley under climate change.展开更多
Objective Helicobacter pylori(HP)infection is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and insulin resistance;however,the correlation between HP eradication and NAFLD remains controversial.This systemat...Objective Helicobacter pylori(HP)infection is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and insulin resistance;however,the correlation between HP eradication and NAFLD remains controversial.This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effect of HP treatment on clinical and laboratory parameters in NAFLD patients.Methods We conducted a literature search of the PubMed,Embase,Scopus,and Web of Science databases through Septem-ber 2023 for randomized controlled trials(RCTs)examining the effect of HP treatment on NAFLD patients versus lifestyle changes alone.The primary outcome was the change in steatosis parameters.The secondary endpoints were changes in anthropometric parameters,inflammatory markers(TNF-α),and metabolic parameters(fasting blood glucose,homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance,AST/ALT,and lipid profile).The random effects model was used to calculate the standardized mean difference(SMD)with associated 95%confidence intervals(CIs)for our desired outcome.Results Four RCTs met our inclusion criteria.A total of 453 patients were included(mean age 42.8 years,58.5%males),228(50.3%)of whom were in the HP eradication group and 225(49.7%)of whom were in the lifestyle modification group.Compared with lifestyle modification alone,HP eradication had a significant effect on reducing liver steatosis and TNF-αlevels(SMD:-0.9;95%CI-14.67,-3.82,I^(2)=0%and SMD:-6.3;95%CI-9.04,-3.56,I^(2)=0%,respectively).No sig-nificant effect on other metabolic parameters was found.Conclusions HP eradication significantly reduced liver steatosis and TNF-αlevels in NAFLD patients.However,HP eradi-cation did not significantly affect other metabolic indices compared to lifestyle changes alone.展开更多
Coffee wilt represents one of the most devastating diseases of Arabica coffee(Coffea arabica L.)plantations in the primary coffee-producing regions.In this study,coffee trees manifesting wilt symptoms accompanied by t...Coffee wilt represents one of the most devastating diseases of Arabica coffee(Coffea arabica L.)plantations in the primary coffee-producing regions.In this study,coffee trees manifesting wilt symptoms accompanied by the defoliation and drying of the whole tree were observed in the Jazan,El Baha,Najran,and Asir regions.The purpose of this investigation was to isolate and identify the Fusarium species recovered from symptomatic coffee trees.The developed fungi were initially characterized based on their morphological features followed by molecular phylogenetic multi-locus analysis of the combined sequences of ITS,TEF1-α,RPB2,and CaM.Twenty-five isolates were recovered from 28 samples.All fungal isolates were categorized morphologically under the genus Fusarium.Phylogenetic analysis positioned all the representative 15 isolates into one cluster grouping together with Neocosmospora falciformis(formerly F.falciforme)confirming their taxonomic position.Pathogenicity tests of the N.falciformis isolates were subsequently conducted on coffee seedlings,and the results revealed that all isolates induced wilt symptoms resembling those recorded in the field,and the incidence was 100%.The fungicide sensitivity test of seven investigated fungicides revealed that Maxim XL^(®) followed by Moncut^(®) exhibited the highest inhibitory effect against N.falciformis KSA 24-14,reaching 93.33%and 91.67%,respectively.To our knowledge,N.falciformis is a new causal pathogen of coffee wilt in Saudi Arabia.Remarkably,these results offer important insights for devising effective approaches to monitor and control such diseases.展开更多
Mitochondria,the most crucial energy-generating organelles in eukaryotic cells,play a pivotal role in regulating energy metabolism.However,their significance extends beyond this,as they are also indispensable in vital...Mitochondria,the most crucial energy-generating organelles in eukaryotic cells,play a pivotal role in regulating energy metabolism.However,their significance extends beyond this,as they are also indispensable in vital life processes such as cell proliferation,differentiation,immune responses,and redox balance.In response to various physiological signals or external stimuli,a sophisticated mitochondrial quality control(MQC)mechanism has evolved,encompassing key processes like mitochondrial biogenesis,mitochondrial dynamics,and mitophagy,which have garnered increasing attention from researchers to unveil their specific molecular mechanisms.In this review,we present a comprehensive summary of the primary mechanisms and functions of key regulators involved in major components of MQC.Furthermore,the critical physiological functions regulated by MQC and its diverse roles in the progression of various systemic diseases have been described in detail.We also discuss agonists or antagonists targeting MQC,aiming to explore potential therapeutic and research prospects by enhancing MQC to stabilize mitochondrial function.展开更多
Activeow control technology is a technique that controls the internaloweld of aircraft engines or theoweld around wings by means of disturbances induced by actuators,and adjusts the aerodynamic force and attitude of t...Activeow control technology is a technique that controls the internaloweld of aircraft engines or theoweld around wings by means of disturbances induced by actuators,and adjusts the aerodynamic force and attitude of the aircraft,so as to achieve the purposes of increasing lift,reducing drag,suppressing vibration and reducing noise.Hailed as an important source of innovative development for aircraft,this technology provides a new technical approach to solve the aerodynamic problems of aircraft,signicantly improve their comprehensive performance,break throughight boundaries,and promote disruptive innovation in the next generation of aircraft.展开更多
Perceived control plays a critical role in improving psychosocial health outcomes following a cardiac event.However,a comprehensive analysis and synthesis of the current research on the association between perceived c...Perceived control plays a critical role in improving psychosocial health outcomes following a cardiac event.However,a comprehensive analysis and synthesis of the current research on the association between perceived control and heart disease are lacking.We conducted this scoping review following the methodological framework of Arksey and O’Malley.A comprehensive literature search was performed up to April 15,2025.Covering five English language databases(Web of Science,PubMed,Scopus,CINAHL,and Embase)and four Chinese databases(WanFang,WeiPu,CNKI,and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database).The review included 22 studies.Our analysis organized the associations between perceived control and heart disease into four key domains:demographic characteristics,psychological factors,disease-related factors,and health behaviors.In addition,we examined aspects of study design,data analysis approaches,and the strengths and limitations of the measurement tools employed in the literature.Healthcare professionals should consider the identified factors connecting perceived control and heart disease when designing personalized health management plans.Digital health technologies could substantially advance psychological recovery and self-management support.Future research progress depends on implementing more varied study designs to detect finer associations,alongside three critical improvements:utilizing sophisticated statistical techniques,refining specialized assessment tools,and creating well-defined grading systems to enhance the precision and applicability of future evidence.展开更多
Mitochondria play a crucial role in maintaining the normal physiological state of cells.Hence,ensuring mitochondrial quality control is imperative for the prevention and treatment of numerous diseases.Previous reviews...Mitochondria play a crucial role in maintaining the normal physiological state of cells.Hence,ensuring mitochondrial quality control is imperative for the prevention and treatment of numerous diseases.Previous reviews on this topic have however been inconsistencies and lack of systematic organization.Therefore,this review aims to provide a comprehensive and systematic overview of mitochondrial quality control and explore the possibility of targeting the same for the treatment of major diseases.This review systematically summarizes three fundamental characteristics of mitochondrial quality control,including mitochondrial morphology and dynamics,function and metabolism,and protein expression and regulation.It also extensively examines how imbalances in mitochondrial quality are linked to major diseases,such as ischemia-hypoxia,inflammatory disorders,viral infections,metabolic dysregulations,degenerative conditions,and tumors.Additionally,the review explores innovative approaches to target mitochondrial quality control,including using small molecule drugs that regulate critical steps in maintaining mitochondrial quality,nanomolecular materials designed for precise targeting of mitochondria,and novel cellular therapies,such as vesicle therapy and mitochondrial transplantation.This review offers a novel perspective on comprehending the shared mechanisms underlying the occurrence and progression of major diseases and provides theoretical support and practical guidance for the clinical implementation of innovative therapeutic strategies that target mitochondrial quality control for treating major diseases.展开更多
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by combinations of insulin resistance and insulin deficiency.Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is emerging as a public health...BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by combinations of insulin resistance and insulin deficiency.Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is emerging as a public health problem worldwide and affects up to 70%of patients with T2DM.Although patients with T2DM have an increased risk of developing advanced liver disease compared to healthy individuals,varying prevalence rates of NAFLD among patients with T2DM,ranging from 34%to 94%,have been reported.AIM To determine prevalence and identify associated factors of NAFLD among Limbe patients with T2DM and evaluate correlation with glycemic control.METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out from February to June 2024 among patients with T2DM.Gamma-glutamyl transferase(GGT)activity and serum triglycerides(TGs)were measured by spectrophotometry.NAFLD was diagnosed using the fatty liver index score.Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0 for Windows.Student’s t-test was used to compare the means of two groups.The χ^(2) test was applied to determine the association of NAFLD and T2DM.Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of NAFLD.P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS Of the 150 patients with T2DM recruited for this study,63(58%)were females and the majority(84.7%)had good glycemic control(glycated hemoglobin<7%).Prevalence of NAFLD among patients with T2DM was 19%.Patients with NAFLD had significantly elevated levels of TGs,GGT,and increased body mass index and waist circumference compared to those without NAFLD.There was a significant association between NAFLD and glycemic control.Predictive factors of NAFLD among patients with T2DM were vegetable intake of less than three times per week[adjusted odds ratio(aOR):0.131,95%CI:0.020-0.839;P=0.032],central obesity(aOR:0.167,95%CI:0.037-0.748;P=0.019),and metformin treatment for T2DM(aOR:0.167,95%CI:0.037-0.718;P<0.001).CONCLUSION The prevalence of NAFLD in patients with T2DM in Limbe Regional Hospital was 19%.Age,central obesity,metformin use,and infrequent consumption of vegetables were important predictors of NAFLD.展开更多
Conventional open-loop deep brain stimulation(DBS)systems with fixed parameters fail to accommodate interindividual pathological differences in Parkinson's disease(PD)management while potentially inducing adverse ...Conventional open-loop deep brain stimulation(DBS)systems with fixed parameters fail to accommodate interindividual pathological differences in Parkinson's disease(PD)management while potentially inducing adverse effects and causing excessive energy consumption.In this paper,we present an adaptive closed-loop framework integrating a Yogi-optimized proportional–integral–derivative neural network(Yogi-PIDNN)controller.The Yogi-augmented gradient adaptation mechanism accelerates the convergence of general PIDNN controllers in high-dimensional nonlinear control systems while reducing control energy usage.In addition,a system identification method establishes input–output dynamics for pre-training stimulation waveforms,bypassing real-time parameter-tuning constraints and thereby enhancing closed-loop adaptability.Finally,a theoretical analysis based on Lyapunov stability criteria establishes a sufficient condition for closed-loop stability within the identified model.Computational validations demonstrate that our approach restores thalamic relay reliability while reducing energy consumption by(81.0±0.7)%across multi-frequency tests.This study advances adaptive neuromodulation by synergizing data-driven pre-training with stability-guaranteed real-time control,offering a novel framework for energy-efficient and personalized Parkinson's therapy.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Dongtian Changchun ointment(洞天长春膏,DTCO)for the treatment of patients with stable moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).METHODS:Th...OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Dongtian Changchun ointment(洞天长春膏,DTCO)for the treatment of patients with stable moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).METHODS:This was a multicenter,prospective,openlabel,randomized controlled trial.Patients with COPD who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were randomly divided into a DTCO group and a control group in a 1∶1 ratio.Both groups were treated with Symbicort Turbuhaler(320μg/9μg twice daily)for 48 weeks.The DTCO group was given additional DTCO(15 g twice daily)for the first 12 weeks.Outcome assessments were conducted at five time points:0,12,24,36,and 48 weeks.Primary outcome measures included frequency and duration of acute exacerbation of COPD(AECOPD).Secondary outcomes included St.George's Breathing Questionnaire,pulmonary function,6-min walk test,and modified Medical Research Council(m MRC)scores.RESULTS:A total of 84 patients were randomly divided into the DTCO group(n=42)and the control group(n=42).The results showed that in the DTCO group,23 patients had AECOPD for a total duration of 166 d compared with 31 patients in the control group for a total duration of 307 d.Compared with the control group,the DTCO group showed a significant reduction in the median(interquartile range)frequency and duration of AECOPD(P<0.05).The incidence of AECOPD significantly reduced in the DTCO group to 0.539[95%confidence interval(0.347,0.836),P=0.006].In the DTCO group,a significant improvement in forced vital capacity was observed at 12 and 48 weeks(P<0.05),and a reduction in m MRC was noted at 36 and 48 weeks(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups.CONCLUSIONS:DTCO significantly reduced the frequency and duration of AECOPD in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD,and demonstrated satisfactory safety.展开更多
The outbreak of COVID-19 pneumonia has had a serious impact on the world and has led to a greater awareness of the importance of infectious disease prevention and control.Biology is closely related to life sciences an...The outbreak of COVID-19 pneumonia has had a serious impact on the world and has led to a greater awareness of the importance of infectious disease prevention and control.Biology is closely related to life sciences and is an ideal discipline to penetrate infectious disease education.Conducting infectious disease prevention and control education can help increase students’knowledge of infectious disease prevention and control and prompt them to form good living habits.展开更多
With the reduction of sequencing costs,optimization of algorithms,and improvement of multi-omics integration capabilities,transcriptomics,as a core technology for analyzing gene expression dynamics and discovering key...With the reduction of sequencing costs,optimization of algorithms,and improvement of multi-omics integration capabilities,transcriptomics,as a core technology for analyzing gene expression dynamics and discovering key functional molecules,has shown great potential in the field of disease prevention and control[1,2].The multi-continental transcriptomics study of tick-borne poxvirus not only provides a new perspective for understanding the evolution and transmission of vector-mediated viruses,but also reflects the trend of transcriptomics research and highlights its key role in disease prevention and control[3].展开更多
Coffee black fruit disease causes great harm to the yield and quality of coffee. Multiple factors, such as climate factors, insect pests, pathogen infection, physiological disorders, improper planting density, etc. , ...Coffee black fruit disease causes great harm to the yield and quality of coffee. Multiple factors, such as climate factors, insect pests, pathogen infection, physiological disorders, improper planting density, etc. , can cause coffee black fruit disease, which can be categorized into three types: pathogen infection type, physiological disorder type and insect pest type. Through the analysis of pathogenesis, the prevention and control methods and techniques of the disease corresponding to different types are put forward.展开更多
[ Objective ] The paper was to grasp the incidence characteristic of kiwifruit bacterial canker disease （Pseudomonas syrirtgate pv. actinidiae Takikawa） in Guanzhong area of Shanxi province, and to screen the endoph...[ Objective ] The paper was to grasp the incidence characteristic of kiwifruit bacterial canker disease （Pseudomonas syrirtgate pv. actinidiae Takikawa） in Guanzhong area of Shanxi province, and to screen the endophytic actinomycetes with control effect against kiwifruit bacterial canker. [ Method] The incidence characteristics of kiwifruit bacterial canker disease in 65 orchards of 13 villages in guanzhong area of Shanxi province （Yangling, Zhouzhi, Meixian） were investiga- ted and analyzed. The antagonistic strains against Pseudomonas syringae were simultaneously screened from 242 endophytic actinomycetes, and carried out field dis- ease control test. [ Result] The average incidence rate of kiwifruit bacterial canker disease in guan^ong area of Shanxi province was 7.95% ; the variety of kiwifruit had dose relationship with incidence rate. 76 strains bad inhibition activity agmnst P. syringae, while the inhibition zone diameters of fermentation broths of 35 strains against P. syr/ngae were greater than 20 nun. TIASA5 strain had inhibition activity against four target bacteria; gCLA4 strain not only had inhibition activity against four target bacteria, but also had strong inhibition activity against 10 species of plant pathogenic fungi. Field test showed that the fermentation broth of gCLA4 strain had obvious control effect against kiwifruit bacterial canker disease, and the relative control effect at 21 d could reach 66.7%. [ Conclusion] The an- tibacterial spectrum of fermentation broth of gCLA4 strain is broad, so gCLA4 strain has the potential to be developed into a broad-spectrum agricultural fungicide. Key words Kiwifruit bacterial canker disease; Endophytic actinomycetes; Biological control; Field test展开更多
Foodborne disease is a worldwide il ness and over 1 bil ion people get diseased every year. In China, thousands of foodborne diseases occur every year. It is proved that prevention is the most crucial for control ing ...Foodborne disease is a worldwide il ness and over 1 bil ion people get diseased every year. In China, thousands of foodborne diseases occur every year. It is proved that prevention is the most crucial for control ing foodborne disease. In the research, food safety monitoring system, laws and early warning system in the US and EU were introduced to explore the successful experience and monitoring or control mode suitable for China.展开更多
[Objective] Study on control efficacy and inhibitory effect of Bacillus cereus strain JK14^·against wheat take-all disease, investigating its antifungal mechanism. [Method] B. cereus JK14^· was isolated from...[Objective] Study on control efficacy and inhibitory effect of Bacillus cereus strain JK14^·against wheat take-all disease, investigating its antifungal mechanism. [Method] B. cereus JK14^· was isolated from soil in the rhizosphere of wheat, inhibitory effects of whose nutrient solution form against Gaeumannomyces graminis var tritici strains 9862 and 9812 were measured in laboratory and then for its antifungal mechanism. The strain JK14^· with rifampicin and wheat take-all disease resistance was screened by increasing concentration of the two substrates, and colonization of JK14^·was studied. [Result] In pot experiment, the control effects of JK14^·, against 9862 and 9812 are 63% and 59%, respectively, which are higher than that of chemical fungicides, with 55% and 51% , respectively. JK14^· could deform mycelium and causes degradation of cell wall. And there are also dynamic change of JK14^· in root system. JK14^· on seed could extend to root along with seed germination and rooting, but per unit tissue mycelium number decreased gradually. [Conclusion] The results indicate some control efficacy of B. cereus strain JK14^· against wheat take-all disease.展开更多
基金Supported by Innovation Project of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences(2022KJCXZX-CGS-7)Hebei Agriculture Research System(HBCT2024170406).
文摘This paper presents an overview of the pathogens, symptoms of damage, patterns of occurrence, and chemical control methods associated with four major pear tree diseases: pear scab, pear ring rot, pear anthracnose, and pear speckle. The objective is to provide valuable references for the scientific and precise prevention and management of diseases in pear orchards, thereby contributing to the production of high-quality and high-yield pear fruits.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China,Nos.LZYQ25H270001(to LY),LY24H270007(to WJ)Zhejiang Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Plan Project,No.2023ZR011(to LY)+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2023TQ0295(to LY)Postdoctoral Research Projects Merit-based Funding in Zhejiang Province(First-class funding),No.ZJ2023021(to LY)Xinmiao Talents Project of Zhejiang Province,No.2024R410A022(to YC).
文摘Neurodegenerative diseases are a class of disorders with the gradual loss of the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.Neurodegenerative diseases manifest primarily as cognitive and behavioral disorders that adversely affect the lives of millions of people worldwide.Therefore,it is necessary to elucidate the mechanism of neurodegenerative diseases further and find effective new therapies.In recent years,increasing evidence has shown that the immune system plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases and regulates this process.The central and peripheral immune systems exert different roles in the disease progression.The development of neurodegenerative diseases is influenced by interactions between them.This review focuses on how the immune system,including microglia mediated nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 inflammation activation and T cell-mediated neuroinflammation,interactions with neurodegenerative diseases by modulating protein aggregation and blood-brain barrier permeability.Besides,we gave particular attention to glial cell-centered multicellular interactions and the inflammatory signaling pathway.Insight into the immune system’s functions and cellular interactions is essential for progressing disease research.In addition,the functions and mechanisms of these immune cells also suggest new ideas and targets for treatment.Therefore,this review summarizes some of the existing treatment strategies for amyloid-beta,tau,neuroinflammation,α-synuclein,associated microbiota,immune modulation,and neural injury repair.In addition,this review summarizes and compares animal models of different common neurodegenerative diseases and clinical research progress.In view of the current research status,new research directions and suggestions are proposed.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2024YFA0917200)the Projects of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Grant No.BB2110240090)World Medical History under the Education Innovation Plan of the University of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2024YCHX07).
文摘Background:Infectious disease control has historically functioned as a critical intersection of biological survival and social organization.For centuries,humanity relied on empirical defenses such as quarantine and environmental sanitation.However,the theoretical foundation of prevention has shifted significantly toward biomedical sciences,including microbiology,immunology,and molecular biology.Methods:Using a public health history framework,this review synthesizes data from academic archives,monographs,and policy documents.We examined key case studies-Plague,Cholera,Influenza,HIV/AIDS,and COVID-19-to map the technological and institutional evolution of disease management.Results:We locate the primary historical turning point in the 19th century.It was here that control strategies evolved from crude population mandates into precise biomedical interventions.The synthesis of sanitary reform and germ theory catalyzed this era of scientific progress.Following the standardization of vaccines and antibiotics,the focus shifted to chronic management during the HIV/AIDS crisis.Contemporary tools like mRNA platforms and genomic surveillance continue this lineage,yet their practical application remains uneven globally.Conclusion:We conclude that biomedical breakthroughs are necessary but insufficient for security.Effective defense requires coupling scientific tools with resilient infrastructure and global health coordination to resolve systemic inequities.
基金supported by the Construction of High Quality and Efficient Mechanized Scientific and Technological Innovation Talent Team of Characteristic Coarse Cereals in Guizhou Province,China(No.BQW[2024]009)the Research and Integrated Application of Key Technologies of Green and High Yield in Characteristic Mountain Agriculture,China(No.[2023]07)the Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Project of China(No.[2022]091)。
文摘Plant-parasitic nematodes(PPNs)(Meloidogyne sp.,Globodera sp.,and Pratylenchus sp.)and fungi are two of the most economically important groups of organisms affecting agricultural productivity worldwide.The interactions among PPNs,biocontrol fungi,and soil ecosystem can significantly impact plant health,disease management,and ecosystem functioning.We aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the complex relationships between PPNs and biocontrol fungi,including pathogenic and biocontrol interactions.We summarized the molecular and ecological mechanisms underlying these interactions,highlighting the key players,signaling pathways,and environmental factors that influence the interactions.We also reviewed current knowledge on fungus-based biocontrol strategies against PPNs,including the development of novel management approaches.Furthermore,we explored the prospects of nematode-fungus interactions in agriculture,including the potential applications and technologies,precision agriculture,and integrated pest management approaches.This review highlights the need for further research on nematode-fungus interactions and their impact on plant infection and productivity,with an emphasis on the development of sustainable and effective strategies for managing PPNs and enhancing plant health in agricultural ecosystems.
基金supported by the Kadyrov Chechen State University Development Program,Russia。
文摘Climate change profoundly influences sulfur(S)nutrition,which plays a crucial role in plant growth,development,and responses to diseases.Climate-induced stress may impair plant growth,photosynthesis,pollen development,and reproduction.For instance,under high temperature stress,plant photosynthetic efficiency is reduced due to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species,denaturation of heat shock proteins,and alterations in various enzyme activities.Unlike drought stress,plants have developed only a few mechanisms to mitigate heat stress.Utilization of S is one of the efficient strategies to enhance plant tolerance against biotic and abiotic stresses.Plant-derived S-containing secondary metabolites play a vital role in plant-pest and plant-disease interactions in various plants.However,little is known about the roles of S and its management strategies in response to disease attack in wheat and barley under climate change.A deeper understanding of S-based strategies could contribute to sustaining plant health and productivity,thereby supporting global wheat and barley yields in the face of increasing climate change challenges.This review therefore focuses on the roles of S and associated management strategies utilized to support plant growth,development,and reproduction and enhance disease resistance and tolerance to abiotic stresses in wheat and barley under climate change.
文摘Objective Helicobacter pylori(HP)infection is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and insulin resistance;however,the correlation between HP eradication and NAFLD remains controversial.This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effect of HP treatment on clinical and laboratory parameters in NAFLD patients.Methods We conducted a literature search of the PubMed,Embase,Scopus,and Web of Science databases through Septem-ber 2023 for randomized controlled trials(RCTs)examining the effect of HP treatment on NAFLD patients versus lifestyle changes alone.The primary outcome was the change in steatosis parameters.The secondary endpoints were changes in anthropometric parameters,inflammatory markers(TNF-α),and metabolic parameters(fasting blood glucose,homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance,AST/ALT,and lipid profile).The random effects model was used to calculate the standardized mean difference(SMD)with associated 95%confidence intervals(CIs)for our desired outcome.Results Four RCTs met our inclusion criteria.A total of 453 patients were included(mean age 42.8 years,58.5%males),228(50.3%)of whom were in the HP eradication group and 225(49.7%)of whom were in the lifestyle modification group.Compared with lifestyle modification alone,HP eradication had a significant effect on reducing liver steatosis and TNF-αlevels(SMD:-0.9;95%CI-14.67,-3.82,I^(2)=0%and SMD:-6.3;95%CI-9.04,-3.56,I^(2)=0%,respectively).No sig-nificant effect on other metabolic parameters was found.Conclusions HP eradication significantly reduced liver steatosis and TNF-αlevels in NAFLD patients.However,HP eradi-cation did not significantly affect other metabolic indices compared to lifestyle changes alone.
基金funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research,Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research,King Faisal University,Saudi Arabia,for supporting this work for work through grant number KFU242134.
文摘Coffee wilt represents one of the most devastating diseases of Arabica coffee(Coffea arabica L.)plantations in the primary coffee-producing regions.In this study,coffee trees manifesting wilt symptoms accompanied by the defoliation and drying of the whole tree were observed in the Jazan,El Baha,Najran,and Asir regions.The purpose of this investigation was to isolate and identify the Fusarium species recovered from symptomatic coffee trees.The developed fungi were initially characterized based on their morphological features followed by molecular phylogenetic multi-locus analysis of the combined sequences of ITS,TEF1-α,RPB2,and CaM.Twenty-five isolates were recovered from 28 samples.All fungal isolates were categorized morphologically under the genus Fusarium.Phylogenetic analysis positioned all the representative 15 isolates into one cluster grouping together with Neocosmospora falciformis(formerly F.falciforme)confirming their taxonomic position.Pathogenicity tests of the N.falciformis isolates were subsequently conducted on coffee seedlings,and the results revealed that all isolates induced wilt symptoms resembling those recorded in the field,and the incidence was 100%.The fungicide sensitivity test of seven investigated fungicides revealed that Maxim XL^(®) followed by Moncut^(®) exhibited the highest inhibitory effect against N.falciformis KSA 24-14,reaching 93.33%and 91.67%,respectively.To our knowledge,N.falciformis is a new causal pathogen of coffee wilt in Saudi Arabia.Remarkably,these results offer important insights for devising effective approaches to monitor and control such diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(8210082163,81800343)the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities(2042021kf0081)+1 种基金the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2020CFA027)the Doctor of Excellence Program of the First Hospital of Jilin University(JDYY-DEP-2023043).
文摘Mitochondria,the most crucial energy-generating organelles in eukaryotic cells,play a pivotal role in regulating energy metabolism.However,their significance extends beyond this,as they are also indispensable in vital life processes such as cell proliferation,differentiation,immune responses,and redox balance.In response to various physiological signals or external stimuli,a sophisticated mitochondrial quality control(MQC)mechanism has evolved,encompassing key processes like mitochondrial biogenesis,mitochondrial dynamics,and mitophagy,which have garnered increasing attention from researchers to unveil their specific molecular mechanisms.In this review,we present a comprehensive summary of the primary mechanisms and functions of key regulators involved in major components of MQC.Furthermore,the critical physiological functions regulated by MQC and its diverse roles in the progression of various systemic diseases have been described in detail.We also discuss agonists or antagonists targeting MQC,aiming to explore potential therapeutic and research prospects by enhancing MQC to stabilize mitochondrial function.
文摘Activeow control technology is a technique that controls the internaloweld of aircraft engines or theoweld around wings by means of disturbances induced by actuators,and adjusts the aerodynamic force and attitude of the aircraft,so as to achieve the purposes of increasing lift,reducing drag,suppressing vibration and reducing noise.Hailed as an important source of innovative development for aircraft,this technology provides a new technical approach to solve the aerodynamic problems of aircraft,signicantly improve their comprehensive performance,break throughight boundaries,and promote disruptive innovation in the next generation of aircraft.
文摘Perceived control plays a critical role in improving psychosocial health outcomes following a cardiac event.However,a comprehensive analysis and synthesis of the current research on the association between perceived control and heart disease are lacking.We conducted this scoping review following the methodological framework of Arksey and O’Malley.A comprehensive literature search was performed up to April 15,2025.Covering five English language databases(Web of Science,PubMed,Scopus,CINAHL,and Embase)and four Chinese databases(WanFang,WeiPu,CNKI,and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database).The review included 22 studies.Our analysis organized the associations between perceived control and heart disease into four key domains:demographic characteristics,psychological factors,disease-related factors,and health behaviors.In addition,we examined aspects of study design,data analysis approaches,and the strengths and limitations of the measurement tools employed in the literature.Healthcare professionals should consider the identified factors connecting perceived control and heart disease when designing personalized health management plans.Digital health technologies could substantially advance psychological recovery and self-management support.Future research progress depends on implementing more varied study designs to detect finer associations,alongside three critical improvements:utilizing sophisticated statistical techniques,refining specialized assessment tools,and creating well-defined grading systems to enhance the precision and applicability of future evidence.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82272252 and 82372192)the Senior Medical Talents Program of Chongqing for Young and Middle-AgedKuanren Talents Program of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
文摘Mitochondria play a crucial role in maintaining the normal physiological state of cells.Hence,ensuring mitochondrial quality control is imperative for the prevention and treatment of numerous diseases.Previous reviews on this topic have however been inconsistencies and lack of systematic organization.Therefore,this review aims to provide a comprehensive and systematic overview of mitochondrial quality control and explore the possibility of targeting the same for the treatment of major diseases.This review systematically summarizes three fundamental characteristics of mitochondrial quality control,including mitochondrial morphology and dynamics,function and metabolism,and protein expression and regulation.It also extensively examines how imbalances in mitochondrial quality are linked to major diseases,such as ischemia-hypoxia,inflammatory disorders,viral infections,metabolic dysregulations,degenerative conditions,and tumors.Additionally,the review explores innovative approaches to target mitochondrial quality control,including using small molecule drugs that regulate critical steps in maintaining mitochondrial quality,nanomolecular materials designed for precise targeting of mitochondria,and novel cellular therapies,such as vesicle therapy and mitochondrial transplantation.This review offers a novel perspective on comprehending the shared mechanisms underlying the occurrence and progression of major diseases and provides theoretical support and practical guidance for the clinical implementation of innovative therapeutic strategies that target mitochondrial quality control for treating major diseases.
文摘BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by combinations of insulin resistance and insulin deficiency.Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is emerging as a public health problem worldwide and affects up to 70%of patients with T2DM.Although patients with T2DM have an increased risk of developing advanced liver disease compared to healthy individuals,varying prevalence rates of NAFLD among patients with T2DM,ranging from 34%to 94%,have been reported.AIM To determine prevalence and identify associated factors of NAFLD among Limbe patients with T2DM and evaluate correlation with glycemic control.METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out from February to June 2024 among patients with T2DM.Gamma-glutamyl transferase(GGT)activity and serum triglycerides(TGs)were measured by spectrophotometry.NAFLD was diagnosed using the fatty liver index score.Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0 for Windows.Student’s t-test was used to compare the means of two groups.The χ^(2) test was applied to determine the association of NAFLD and T2DM.Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of NAFLD.P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS Of the 150 patients with T2DM recruited for this study,63(58%)were females and the majority(84.7%)had good glycemic control(glycated hemoglobin<7%).Prevalence of NAFLD among patients with T2DM was 19%.Patients with NAFLD had significantly elevated levels of TGs,GGT,and increased body mass index and waist circumference compared to those without NAFLD.There was a significant association between NAFLD and glycemic control.Predictive factors of NAFLD among patients with T2DM were vegetable intake of less than three times per week[adjusted odds ratio(aOR):0.131,95%CI:0.020-0.839;P=0.032],central obesity(aOR:0.167,95%CI:0.037-0.748;P=0.019),and metformin treatment for T2DM(aOR:0.167,95%CI:0.037-0.718;P<0.001).CONCLUSION The prevalence of NAFLD in patients with T2DM in Limbe Regional Hospital was 19%.Age,central obesity,metformin use,and infrequent consumption of vegetables were important predictors of NAFLD.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12372064 and 12172291)the Youth and Middle-Aged Science and Technology Development Program of Shanghai Institute of Technology(Grant No.ZQ2024-10)。
文摘Conventional open-loop deep brain stimulation(DBS)systems with fixed parameters fail to accommodate interindividual pathological differences in Parkinson's disease(PD)management while potentially inducing adverse effects and causing excessive energy consumption.In this paper,we present an adaptive closed-loop framework integrating a Yogi-optimized proportional–integral–derivative neural network(Yogi-PIDNN)controller.The Yogi-augmented gradient adaptation mechanism accelerates the convergence of general PIDNN controllers in high-dimensional nonlinear control systems while reducing control energy usage.In addition,a system identification method establishes input–output dynamics for pre-training stimulation waveforms,bypassing real-time parameter-tuning constraints and thereby enhancing closed-loop adaptability.Finally,a theoretical analysis based on Lyapunov stability criteria establishes a sufficient condition for closed-loop stability within the identified model.Computational validations demonstrate that our approach restores thalamic relay reliability while reducing energy consumption by(81.0±0.7)%across multi-frequency tests.This study advances adaptive neuromodulation by synergizing data-driven pre-training with stability-guaranteed real-time control,offering a novel framework for energy-efficient and personalized Parkinson's therapy.
基金Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project:Clinical Research and Evaluation of TCM Diagnosis and Treatment of Sudden Acute Infectious Diseases(No.ZD2021CY001)the National Key Research and Development Program of China:Research on the Establishment of Rehabilitation Systems and Strategies for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Clinical Applicability(No.2018YFC1313600)+2 种基金Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Project(No.20DZ2272200)Shanghai Key Clinical Specialty Construction Project(No.shslczdzk05101)Cultivation and Construction Project for the Doctoral Program in Medical Technology。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Dongtian Changchun ointment(洞天长春膏,DTCO)for the treatment of patients with stable moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).METHODS:This was a multicenter,prospective,openlabel,randomized controlled trial.Patients with COPD who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were randomly divided into a DTCO group and a control group in a 1∶1 ratio.Both groups were treated with Symbicort Turbuhaler(320μg/9μg twice daily)for 48 weeks.The DTCO group was given additional DTCO(15 g twice daily)for the first 12 weeks.Outcome assessments were conducted at five time points:0,12,24,36,and 48 weeks.Primary outcome measures included frequency and duration of acute exacerbation of COPD(AECOPD).Secondary outcomes included St.George's Breathing Questionnaire,pulmonary function,6-min walk test,and modified Medical Research Council(m MRC)scores.RESULTS:A total of 84 patients were randomly divided into the DTCO group(n=42)and the control group(n=42).The results showed that in the DTCO group,23 patients had AECOPD for a total duration of 166 d compared with 31 patients in the control group for a total duration of 307 d.Compared with the control group,the DTCO group showed a significant reduction in the median(interquartile range)frequency and duration of AECOPD(P<0.05).The incidence of AECOPD significantly reduced in the DTCO group to 0.539[95%confidence interval(0.347,0.836),P=0.006].In the DTCO group,a significant improvement in forced vital capacity was observed at 12 and 48 weeks(P<0.05),and a reduction in m MRC was noted at 36 and 48 weeks(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups.CONCLUSIONS:DTCO significantly reduced the frequency and duration of AECOPD in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD,and demonstrated satisfactory safety.
基金Anqing Normal University School-Level Teaching and Research Project(2022aqnujyxm32)Anqing Normal University Provincial Graduate Online CourseAnhui Province Graduate Student Online Course on Animal Ecology。
文摘The outbreak of COVID-19 pneumonia has had a serious impact on the world and has led to a greater awareness of the importance of infectious disease prevention and control.Biology is closely related to life sciences and is an ideal discipline to penetrate infectious disease education.Conducting infectious disease prevention and control education can help increase students’knowledge of infectious disease prevention and control and prompt them to form good living habits.
文摘With the reduction of sequencing costs,optimization of algorithms,and improvement of multi-omics integration capabilities,transcriptomics,as a core technology for analyzing gene expression dynamics and discovering key functional molecules,has shown great potential in the field of disease prevention and control[1,2].The multi-continental transcriptomics study of tick-borne poxvirus not only provides a new perspective for understanding the evolution and transmission of vector-mediated viruses,but also reflects the trend of transcriptomics research and highlights its key role in disease prevention and control[3].
基金Supported by Undergraduate Innovation and Enterpreneurship Training Program of Guangdong Province(S202110580043).
文摘Coffee black fruit disease causes great harm to the yield and quality of coffee. Multiple factors, such as climate factors, insect pests, pathogen infection, physiological disorders, improper planting density, etc. , can cause coffee black fruit disease, which can be categorized into three types: pathogen infection type, physiological disorder type and insect pest type. Through the analysis of pathogenesis, the prevention and control methods and techniques of the disease corresponding to different types are put forward.
基金Supported by"Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team"SupportPlan of Ministry of Education(200558)Research Fund for the DoctoralProgram of Three Gorges University(KJ2008B015)~~
文摘[ Objective ] The paper was to grasp the incidence characteristic of kiwifruit bacterial canker disease （Pseudomonas syrirtgate pv. actinidiae Takikawa） in Guanzhong area of Shanxi province, and to screen the endophytic actinomycetes with control effect against kiwifruit bacterial canker. [ Method] The incidence characteristics of kiwifruit bacterial canker disease in 65 orchards of 13 villages in guanzhong area of Shanxi province （Yangling, Zhouzhi, Meixian） were investiga- ted and analyzed. The antagonistic strains against Pseudomonas syringae were simultaneously screened from 242 endophytic actinomycetes, and carried out field dis- ease control test. [ Result] The average incidence rate of kiwifruit bacterial canker disease in guan^ong area of Shanxi province was 7.95% ; the variety of kiwifruit had dose relationship with incidence rate. 76 strains bad inhibition activity agmnst P. syringae, while the inhibition zone diameters of fermentation broths of 35 strains against P. syr/ngae were greater than 20 nun. TIASA5 strain had inhibition activity against four target bacteria; gCLA4 strain not only had inhibition activity against four target bacteria, but also had strong inhibition activity against 10 species of plant pathogenic fungi. Field test showed that the fermentation broth of gCLA4 strain had obvious control effect against kiwifruit bacterial canker disease, and the relative control effect at 21 d could reach 66.7%. [ Conclusion] The an- tibacterial spectrum of fermentation broth of gCLA4 strain is broad, so gCLA4 strain has the potential to be developed into a broad-spectrum agricultural fungicide. Key words Kiwifruit bacterial canker disease; Endophytic actinomycetes; Biological control; Field test
文摘Foodborne disease is a worldwide il ness and over 1 bil ion people get diseased every year. In China, thousands of foodborne diseases occur every year. It is proved that prevention is the most crucial for control ing foodborne disease. In the research, food safety monitoring system, laws and early warning system in the US and EU were introduced to explore the successful experience and monitoring or control mode suitable for China.
文摘[Objective] Study on control efficacy and inhibitory effect of Bacillus cereus strain JK14^·against wheat take-all disease, investigating its antifungal mechanism. [Method] B. cereus JK14^· was isolated from soil in the rhizosphere of wheat, inhibitory effects of whose nutrient solution form against Gaeumannomyces graminis var tritici strains 9862 and 9812 were measured in laboratory and then for its antifungal mechanism. The strain JK14^· with rifampicin and wheat take-all disease resistance was screened by increasing concentration of the two substrates, and colonization of JK14^·was studied. [Result] In pot experiment, the control effects of JK14^·, against 9862 and 9812 are 63% and 59%, respectively, which are higher than that of chemical fungicides, with 55% and 51% , respectively. JK14^· could deform mycelium and causes degradation of cell wall. And there are also dynamic change of JK14^· in root system. JK14^· on seed could extend to root along with seed germination and rooting, but per unit tissue mycelium number decreased gradually. [Conclusion] The results indicate some control efficacy of B. cereus strain JK14^· against wheat take-all disease.
