Paternal predation risk can program offspring phenotypes via maternal responses and epigenetic marks of spermatozoa.However,the processes and consequences of this experience in biparental species are unknown.Here,we e...Paternal predation risk can program offspring phenotypes via maternal responses and epigenetic marks of spermatozoa.However,the processes and consequences of this experience in biparental species are unknown.Here,we examined how preconception and postconception paternal cat odor(CO)exposure affects anxiety-like behavior and antipredator response in Brandt’s voles(Lasiopodomys brandtii).We found that preconception paternal CO exposure inhibited maternal investment when offspring were raised by mothers alone,while postconception exposure increased paternal investment towards the offspring raised by both parents.The increased paternal behavior may be associated with an increasing grooming behavior received from their mates,which alleviated the anxiety-like behavior in CO-exposed males.Both paternal experiences increased the levels of anxiety-like behavior in adolescent offspring but differentially altered adult phenotypes.Specifcally,adult females from preconception CO-exposed fathers spent less time in defensive concealing,whereas the offspring of postconception CO-exposed fathers showed more in response to acute cat urine exposure.Correspondingly,baseline corticosterone levels were decreased and increased in these offspring,respectively.Our results indicate that in biparental species,paternal predation risk exposure affects offspring phenotypes in pathway-dependent and age-specifc manners and that only the presence of both parents can elicit adaptive responses to a high predation-risk environment.展开更多
Nicotine,ethanol,and caffeine are the most common exogenous substances in the men’s living environment,but their effects on the cartilage quality in the father and offspring have not been reported.According to the av...Nicotine,ethanol,and caffeine are the most common exogenous substances in the men’s living environment,but their effects on the cartilage quality in the father and offspring have not been reported.According to the average daily intake of adult men,we constructed a male rat model of paternal mixed exposure(PME)to low-dose nicotine(0.1 mg/(kg·day)),ethanol(0.5 g/(kg·day)),and caffeine(7.5 mg/(kg·day))for 8 weeks.Then,the male rats mated with normal female rats to obtain offspring.The results showed that PME reduced the cartilage quality of paternal and offspring rats.Among them,the paternal cartilage was damaged by enhancing matrix degradation,while the offspring cartilage was damaged by reducing matrix synthesis.The cartilage damage in male offspring rats was more evident than in female offspring.It was further confirmed that differential GC regulation mechanisms were the main reasons for the intergenerational differential damage of paternal/offspring cartilage quality caused by PME.In addition,the androgen receptor(AR)and estrogen receptor beta(ERβ)mediated the sex difference of PME-induced fetal cartilage dysplasia by affecting the binding degree of GR/P300.This study provided a theoretical and experimental basis for guiding male healthy lifestyle and exploring early prevention and treatment strategies for paternal diseases.展开更多
The reconstruction of demographic history using ancient and modern genomic resources reveals extensive interactions and admixture between ancient nomadic pastoralists and the social organizations of the Chinese Centra...The reconstruction of demographic history using ancient and modern genomic resources reveals extensive interactions and admixture between ancient nomadic pastoralists and the social organizations of the Chinese Central Plain.However,the extent to which Y-chromosome genetic legacies from nomadic emperor-related ancestral lineages influence the Chinese paternal gene pool remains unclear.Here,we genotype 2717 ethnolinguistically diverse samples belonging to C2a lineages,perform whole-genome sequencing on 997 representative samples,and integrate these data with ancient genomic sequences.We reconstruct the evolutionary histories of Northern Zhou-,Qing emperor-,and pastoralist-related lineages to assess their genetic impact on modern Chinese populations.This reassembled fine-scale Ychromosome phylogeny identifies deep divergence and five Neolithic expansion events contributing differently to the formation of northern Chinese populations.Phylogeographic modeling indicates that the nomadic empires of the Northern Zhou and Qing dynasties genetically originated from the Mongolian Plateau.Phylogenetic topology and shared haplotype patterns show that three upstream ancestors of Northern Zhou(C2a1a1b1a2a1b-FGC28857),Donghu tribe(C2a1a1b1-F1756),and Qing(C2a1a3a2-F10283)emperor-related lineages expanded during the middle Neolithic,contributing significantly to genetic flow between ancient northeastern Asians and modern East Asians.Notably,this study reveals limited direct contributions of Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou’s lineages to modern East Asians.展开更多
Bisphenol A(BPA)is a recognized estrogenic endocrine disruptor that poses a threat to the reproductive health of fish.However,it remains unclear whether and how paternal BPA exposure can lead to developmental toxicity...Bisphenol A(BPA)is a recognized estrogenic endocrine disruptor that poses a threat to the reproductive health of fish.However,it remains unclear whether and how paternal BPA exposure can lead to developmental toxicity in offspring.To explore the potential paternal BPA exposure impacts on craniofacial cartilage growth in offspring,male rare minnows were subjected to BPA and subsequently mated with normal females to produce progeny.Our results demonstrated that paternal BPA exposure resulted in increased malformation and delayed craniofacial cartilage development in the F1 offspring.Furthermore,BPA exposure led to differential expression of 28 miRNAs in paternal sperm in F0 generation(13 upregulated and 15 downregulated),among which 7 miRNAs were involved in the regulation of bone development.BPA also downregulated the expression of bmp2a and Runx1 during F1 embryonic development.The inhibited bmp2a expression might derive from BPA's stimulation of one miRNA,aca-miR-16a-5P,due to bmp2a being one of its target genes.Notably,paternal BPA exposure did not affect craniofacial cartilage development or gonadal development in the F2 generation.Overall,our study sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the impact of paternal BPA exposure on facial chondrogenesis in offspring and provides theoretical support for the ecological protection of fish populations.展开更多
The inheritance of plastid DNA in Pharbitis was studied by the method of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP).Experimental results showed that plastid DNA from Pharbitis was paternally inherited in recipro...The inheritance of plastid DNA in Pharbitis was studied by the method of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP).Experimental results showed that plastid DNA from Pharbitis was paternally inherited in reciprocal crosses,P. nil ×P. limbata and P. limbata×P. nil hybrids.But,in the cross of P. limbata×P. nil,the possibility of biparental inheritance of plastid DNA could not be roled out in our preliminary experiment.Thus Pharbitis became the third genus among angiosperms characterized with male plastid transmission.The mechanisms of paternal plastids DNA inheritance in Pharbitis is unclear.The authors proposed that dilution,exclusion and/or degeneration of maternal plastid,including their DNA,after fertilization should be considered.展开更多
Modern societal pressures and expectations over the past several decades have resulted in the tendency for couples to delay conception. While women experience a notable decrease in oocyte production in their late thir...Modern societal pressures and expectations over the past several decades have resulted in the tendency for couples to delay conception. While women experience a notable decrease in oocyte production in their late thirties, the effect of age on spermatogenesis is less well described. While there are no known limits to the age at which men can father children, the effects of advanced paternal age are incompletely understood. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding advanced paternal age and its implications on semen quality, reproductive success and offspring health. This review will serve as a guide to physicians in counseling men about the decision to delay paternity and the risks involved with conception later in life.展开更多
Women have been increasingly delaying the start of motherhood in recent decades. The same trend is seen also for men. The influence of maternal age on fertility, chromosomal anomalies, pregnancy complications, and imp...Women have been increasingly delaying the start of motherhood in recent decades. The same trend is seen also for men. The influence of maternal age on fertility, chromosomal anomalies, pregnancy complications, and impaired perinatal and post-natal outcome of offspring, has been thoroughly investigated, and these aspectsare clinically applied during fertility and pregestational counseling. Male aging and reproductive outcome has gained relatively less attention. The purpose of this review is to evaluate updated and relevant literature on the effect of paternal age on reproductive outcome.展开更多
Objective The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of paternal Di‐N‐butyl‐phthalate （DBP） exposure pre‐ and postnatally on F1 generation offspring,and prenatally on F2 generation offspring.Met...Objective The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of paternal Di‐N‐butyl‐phthalate （DBP） exposure pre‐ and postnatally on F1 generation offspring,and prenatally on F2 generation offspring.Methods Male mice were exposed to either 500 mg/kg or 2 000 mg/kg of DBP for 8 weeks,and mated with non‐exposed females.Three‐quarters of the females were sacrificed a day prior to parturition,and examined for the number of living and dead implantations,and incidence of gross malformations.Pups from the remaining females were assessed for developmental markers,growth parameters,as well as sperm quantity and quality.Results There were no changes in the fertility of parents and in intrauterine development of the offspring.Pups of DBP‐exposed males demonstrated growth‐retardation.Following paternal exposure to 500 mg/kg bw of DBP,there were almost twice the number of males than females born in the F1 generation.F1 generation females had a 2.5‐day delay in vaginal opening.Paternal exposure to 2 000 mg/kg bw of DBP increased the incidence of sperm head malformations in F1 generation males;however,there were no changes in the fertility and viability of foetuses in the F2 generation.Conclusion Paternal DBP exposure may disturb the sex ratio of the offspring,delay female sexual maturation,and deteriorate the sperm quality of F1 generation males.展开更多
Advanced paternal age has been overlooked,and its effect on fertility remains controversial.Previous studies have focused mainly on intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI)cycles in men with oligozoospermia.However,few ...Advanced paternal age has been overlooked,and its effect on fertility remains controversial.Previous studies have focused mainly on intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI)cycles in men with oligozoospermia.However,few studies have reported on men with semen parameters within reference ranges.Therefore,we conducted a retrospective cohort study analyzing the reproductive outcomes of couples with non-male-factor infertility undergoing in vitro fertilization(IVF)cycles.In total,381 cycles included were subgrouped according to paternal age(<35-year-old,35–39-year-old,or≥40-year-old),and maternal age was limited to under 35 years.Data on embryo quality and clinical outcomes were analyzed.The results showed that fertilization and high-quality embryo rates were not significantly different(all P>0.05).The pregnancy rate was not significantly different in the 35–39-year-old group(42.0%;P>0.05),but was significantly lower in the≥40-year-old group(26.1%;P<0.05)than that in the<35-year-old group(40.3%).Similarly,the implantation rate significantly decreased in the≥40-year-old group(18.8%)compared with that in the<35-year-old group(31.1%)and 35–39-year-old group(30.0%)(both P<0.05).The live birth rate(30.6%,21.7%,and 19.6%)was not significantly different across the paternal age subgroups(<35-year-old,35–39-year-old,and≥40-year-old,respectively;all P>0.05),but showed a declining trend.The miscarriage rate significantly increased in the 35–39-year-old group(44.8%)compared with that in the<35-year-old group(21.0%;P<0.05).No abnormality in newborn birth weight was found.The results indicated that paternal age over 40 years is a key risk factor that influences the assisted reproductive technology success rate even with good semen parameters,although it has no impact on embryo development.展开更多
As couples are increasingly delaying parenthood, the effect of the aging men and women on reproductive outcomes has been an area of increased interest. Advanced paternal age has been shown to independently affect the ...As couples are increasingly delaying parenthood, the effect of the aging men and women on reproductive outcomes has been an area of increased interest. Advanced paternal age has been shown to independently affect the entire spectrum of male fertility as assessed by reductions in sperm quality and fertilization （both assisted and unassisted）. Moreover, epidemiological data suggest that paternal age can lead to higher rates of adverse birth outcomes and congenital anomalies. Mounting evidence also suggests increased risk of specific pediatric and adult disease states ranging from cancer to behavioral traits. While disease states associated with advancing paternal age have been well described, consensus recommendations for neonatal screening have not been as widely implemented as have been with advanced maternal age.展开更多
Background:Genetic improvement in fiber quality is one of the main challenges for cotton breeders.Quantitative trait loci(QTL)mapping provides a powerful approach to dissect the molecular mechanism in fiber quality tr...Background:Genetic improvement in fiber quality is one of the main challenges for cotton breeders.Quantitative trait loci(QTL)mapping provides a powerful approach to dissect the molecular mechanism in fiber quality traits.In present study,F14 recombinant inbred line(RIL)population was backcrossed to paternal parent for a paternal backcross(BC/P)population,deriving from one upland cotton hybrid.Three repetitive BC/P field trials and one maternal backcross(BC/M)field trial were performed including both two BC populations and the original RIL population.Results:In total,24 novel QTLs are detected for fiber quality traits and among which 13 QTLs validated previous results.Thirty-five QTLs in BC/P populations explain 5.01%–22.09%of phenotype variation(PV).Among the 35 QTLs,23 QTLs are detected in BC/P population alone.Present study provides novel alleles of male parent for fiber quality traits with positive genetic effects.Particularly,qFS-Chr3–1 explains 22.09%of PV in BC/P population,which increaseds 0.48 cN·tex−1 for fiber strength.A total of 7,2,8,2 and 6 QTLs explain over 10.00%of PV for fiber length,fiber uniformity,fiber strength,fiber elongation and fiber micronaire,respectively.In RIL population,six common QTLs are detected in more than one environment:qFL-Chr1–2,qFS-Chr5–1,qFS-Chr9–1,qFS-Chr21–1,qFM-Chr9–1 and qFM-Chr9–2.Two common QTLs of qFE-Chr2–2(TMB2386-SWU12343)and qFM-Chr9–1(NAU2873-CGR6771)explain 22.42%and 21.91%of PV.The region between NAU4034 and TMB1296 harbor 30 genes(379 kb)in A05 and 42 genes(49 kb)in D05 for fiber length along the QTL qFL-Chr5–1 in BC/P population,respectively.In addition,a total of 142 and 46 epistatic QTLs and QTL×environments(E-QTLs and QQEs)are identified in recombinant inbred lines in paternal backcross(RIL-P)and paternal backcross(BC/P)populations,respectively.Conclusions:The present studies provide informative basis for improving cotton fiber quality in different populations.展开更多
Theory suggests that males that are larger than their competitors may have increased mating success, due to both greater competitive ability and increased attractiveness to females. We examined how male mating suceess...Theory suggests that males that are larger than their competitors may have increased mating success, due to both greater competitive ability and increased attractiveness to females. We examined how male mating suceess varies with male size in the tessellated darter Etheostoma olmstedi. Previous work has shown that large males tend to move around and breed in vacant breeding sites, and consequently provide less care for their eggs, while smaller individuals can be allopaternal, caring for the eggs of other males as well as for their own. We studied female egg deposition in a natural breeding population using artificial breeding sites and in the laboratory, where female choice of spawning site was restricted to two breeding sites tended by two males of different sizes. In both the field and the laboratory, nests tended by larger males were more likely to receive new eggs. Additionally, the mean size of males associated with a nest was positively correlated with both the maximum coverage of eggs at the nest and the number of times new eggs were deposited. We discuss how the increased mating success of larger males, despite their decreased parental care, may help explain aUopaternal care in this species [Current Zoology 56 （1）： 1-5, 2010].展开更多
As a number of children born by assisted reproductive technology （ART） are increasing each year across the developed world, the health of such offspring is a matter of public concern. Does the integrity of the pater...As a number of children born by assisted reproductive technology （ART） are increasing each year across the developed world, the health of such offspring is a matter of public concern. Does the integrity of the paternal genome impact on offspring health？ In societal terms, as birth rates fall, and the Western population become unsustainable, do the benefits outweigh the costs of creating and providing for this ART conceived subpopulation？ There are little data to date to answer these questions. The long-term health of such children has largely been ignored, and success measured only by early （prebirth） outcomes such as embryo quality or pregnancy. However, there are powerful paradigms such as ageing and smoking that give vital clues as to the potential impact of unhealthy spermatozoa on disease risk, mental and physical health, fertility and mortality of these offspring.展开更多
Objective: This study aimed to demonstrate and promote the skill of critical emancipatory reflection through reflecting on a nursing practice-based ethical issue about nurses' paternalistic decision-making for pat...Objective: This study aimed to demonstrate and promote the skill of critical emancipatory reflection through reflecting on a nursing practice-based ethical issue about nurses' paternalistic decision-making for patients. Meanwhile, critical awareness will be developed and the underlying issues of paternalism in nursing decision-making will be analyzed. Then, by applying the procedure, improvement in nursing decision-making practice will be expected.Methods: Taylor's model of emancipatory reflection with four steps, including construction, deconstruction, confrontation, and reconstruction, is utilized to guide the author's reflection.Results: Guided by the socialization theory, the author's personal and professional socialization is seen to be associated with the formation of the value of paternalism. The theory of reflexivity is applied to unearth the related issues, including deeper personal value,work environment, as well as historical and cultural contexts. Moreover, the power derived from policy, work relationship, and nursing administration, which could induce paternalism in the author's nursing decision-making practice, was critically debated using the hegemony theory. Finally, new insights into paternalism will be achieved, which enable change in terms of how to facilitate patients' autonomous decision-making.Conclusions: The process of refection makes it clear that respecting patients' right and performing patient-centered caring are the bases to change the paternalism existing in the nursing decision-making practice currently. The reconstruction step assists the author in terms of how to value the patients' autonomy and balance patients' safety and choice, rather than being overprotective; carry out risk assessment, and search for strong evidence to counterbalance the positive and negative aspects of risk-taking; communicate with patients appropriately in a manner that they can comprehend; spend more time to explore patients' preference and choice; make every effort to elevate the patients' decision-making capacity; implement patient-centered care and shared decision-making in nursing practice; consult with other colleagues and obtain the required support when limitations or challenges exist; try to justify and avoid hidden paternalism behind policy or guidelines; deal with the power in hand well and fairly; and also positively face the powers that constrain the author.展开更多
Purpose: The purpose is to identify what difficulties fathers have with the roles of fatherhood during pregnancy and early infancy, and to make apparent what their educational support needs are. Methods: This study fo...Purpose: The purpose is to identify what difficulties fathers have with the roles of fatherhood during pregnancy and early infancy, and to make apparent what their educational support needs are. Methods: This study follows a qualitative descriptive design. The subjects were new first-time fathers of Japanese nationality. Subjects participated in semi-structured interviews administered according to interview guidelines. Results: There were 15 subjects in total. The average age of the subjects’ children was 5.5 months. Fathers’ difficulties with their new roles were abstracted in to five main categories: < Difficulties during early engagement with child >, < Difficulties related to child crying >, < Difficulties arising after getting through the early engagement stage >, < Difficulties related to support of partner >, and < Mental burdens associated with childrearing >. Additionally, the types of support fathers requested to help maintain their mental health after the birth of their infants were abstracted into three main categories: < Support with childcare knowledge/acquiring skills >, < Support in building a positive marital relationship >, and < Support in maintaining own mental health >. Conclusions: 1) The stress experienced by fathers from the birth of their child through early infancy, originating in two elements of fatherhood (engagement with the child and spousal support), placed a great mental burden upon them in a multi-layered structure;2) The support that needs fathers expressed to maintain their mental health pre- and postpartum is based on the difficulties they experienced with paternal roles;3) There is a disparity between the needs of fathers expressed through the results of this study and current paternal support practices in Japan. The supplementation and revision of existing paternal support practices is an issue that merits further consideration. Furthermore, the existing group interview method suffers from low attendance, and attending has become increasingly difficult due to the COVID-19 pandemic spreading throughout Japan. It is necessary to consider alternative methods of educational support moving forward.展开更多
Adverse maternal and offspring reproductive outcomes,such as congenital disabilities,spontaneous pregnancy loss(SPL),preterm birth,gestational diabetes,and gestational hypertension,affect up to 20%of pregnancies[1–3]...Adverse maternal and offspring reproductive outcomes,such as congenital disabilities,spontaneous pregnancy loss(SPL),preterm birth,gestational diabetes,and gestational hypertension,affect up to 20%of pregnancies[1–3].Although the evidence remains elusive,a potential link emerged with the inappropriate periconceptional folate status[4].Folate belongs to one-carbon metabolism(OCM),playing pivotal roles in biological processes during the early development of humans,such as generating methyl groups for use in DNA synthesis,amino acid homeostasis,antioxidant generation,and epigenetic regulation[5,6].展开更多
In this paper,I criticize Joel Feinberg's argument of soft paternalism,which stands against hard paternalism,as being untenable.As assessing one's voluntariness is very difficult and controversial,paternalisti...In this paper,I criticize Joel Feinberg's argument of soft paternalism,which stands against hard paternalism,as being untenable.As assessing one's voluntariness is very difficult and controversial,paternalistic measures would be preferable to be implemented by hard paternalism rather than soft paternalism.I then examine four usual criticisms of hard paternalism from the perspective of utilitarianism and the principle of autonomy.I argue that these criticisms are unsound and unfounded,and I defend hard paternalism from the perspective of Confucian familism.I argue that as one's life and identity are inseparable from one's family,“self-regarding”actions,traditionally understood,do not only affect the self,but also one's family members.Thus,paternalistic measures to protect individuals from self-harming are also aimed to protect their family members which are indeed compatible with Mill's harm principle.展开更多
Background:While various factors contributing to delinquency have been explored,the role of selfesteem in this specific context has received little attention.Hence,this study aims to investigate the complex issue of a...Background:While various factors contributing to delinquency have been explored,the role of selfesteem in this specific context has received little attention.Hence,this study aims to investigate the complex issue of adolescent delinquency in Iran by focusing on the mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship between parental attachment and delinquent behavior.Methods:Using the multistage cluster random sampling method,the research involved 528 high school students in Tehran.Each student completed validated scales assessing their parental attachment,self-esteem,and delinquency at school.Multiple regression analyses with the Sobel test and bootstrappingmethod were used to examine mediated effects.Results:Thefindings reveal that self-esteem significantly mediates the relationship betweenmaternal attachment and delinquency(standardized coefficient=−0.0292;p=0.04).Adolescents with secure maternal attachments tend to exhibit higher self-esteem,which reduces the likelihood of delinquent behavior.In contrast,paternal attachment did not show a significant mediating effect in this study.These results underscore the importance of cultivating secure maternal relationships and fostering positive self-esteem to address adolescent delinquency.Conclusion:The study suggests that targeted interventions that strengthen maternal attachment and boost self-esteem could effectively mitigate delinquent behaviors among Iranian adolescents.These interventions should prioritize the emotional support and value of secure maternal bonds as key factors in promoting healthy adolescent development.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31770422 and 31900334)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20190910)+2 种基金Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(2018M630610 and 2019T120468)Students’Project for Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Yangzhou University(XCX20230796)Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘Paternal predation risk can program offspring phenotypes via maternal responses and epigenetic marks of spermatozoa.However,the processes and consequences of this experience in biparental species are unknown.Here,we examined how preconception and postconception paternal cat odor(CO)exposure affects anxiety-like behavior and antipredator response in Brandt’s voles(Lasiopodomys brandtii).We found that preconception paternal CO exposure inhibited maternal investment when offspring were raised by mothers alone,while postconception exposure increased paternal investment towards the offspring raised by both parents.The increased paternal behavior may be associated with an increasing grooming behavior received from their mates,which alleviated the anxiety-like behavior in CO-exposed males.Both paternal experiences increased the levels of anxiety-like behavior in adolescent offspring but differentially altered adult phenotypes.Specifcally,adult females from preconception CO-exposed fathers spent less time in defensive concealing,whereas the offspring of postconception CO-exposed fathers showed more in response to acute cat urine exposure.Correspondingly,baseline corticosterone levels were decreased and increased in these offspring,respectively.Our results indicate that in biparental species,paternal predation risk exposure affects offspring phenotypes in pathway-dependent and age-specifc manners and that only the presence of both parents can elicit adaptive responses to a high predation-risk environment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20362,U23A20407,82030111,82104301)Hubei Province’s Outstanding Medical Academic Leader program.
文摘Nicotine,ethanol,and caffeine are the most common exogenous substances in the men’s living environment,but their effects on the cartilage quality in the father and offspring have not been reported.According to the average daily intake of adult men,we constructed a male rat model of paternal mixed exposure(PME)to low-dose nicotine(0.1 mg/(kg·day)),ethanol(0.5 g/(kg·day)),and caffeine(7.5 mg/(kg·day))for 8 weeks.Then,the male rats mated with normal female rats to obtain offspring.The results showed that PME reduced the cartilage quality of paternal and offspring rats.Among them,the paternal cartilage was damaged by enhancing matrix degradation,while the offspring cartilage was damaged by reducing matrix synthesis.The cartilage damage in male offspring rats was more evident than in female offspring.It was further confirmed that differential GC regulation mechanisms were the main reasons for the intergenerational differential damage of paternal/offspring cartilage quality caused by PME.In addition,the androgen receptor(AR)and estrogen receptor beta(ERβ)mediated the sex difference of PME-induced fetal cartilage dysplasia by affecting the binding degree of GR/P300.This study provided a theoretical and experimental basis for guiding male healthy lifestyle and exploring early prevention and treatment strategies for paternal diseases.
基金the financial support received from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82202078)the National Social Science Foundation of China(23&ZD203)+4 种基金support for G.H.includes National Natural Science Foundation of China(82402203)the Open Project of the Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics of the Ministry of Public Security(2022FGKFKT05)the Center for Archaeological Science of Sichuan University(23SASA01)the 1‧3‧5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence at West China Hospital,Sichuan University(ZYJC20002)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2024NSFSC1518).
文摘The reconstruction of demographic history using ancient and modern genomic resources reveals extensive interactions and admixture between ancient nomadic pastoralists and the social organizations of the Chinese Central Plain.However,the extent to which Y-chromosome genetic legacies from nomadic emperor-related ancestral lineages influence the Chinese paternal gene pool remains unclear.Here,we genotype 2717 ethnolinguistically diverse samples belonging to C2a lineages,perform whole-genome sequencing on 997 representative samples,and integrate these data with ancient genomic sequences.We reconstruct the evolutionary histories of Northern Zhou-,Qing emperor-,and pastoralist-related lineages to assess their genetic impact on modern Chinese populations.This reassembled fine-scale Ychromosome phylogeny identifies deep divergence and five Neolithic expansion events contributing differently to the formation of northern Chinese populations.Phylogeographic modeling indicates that the nomadic empires of the Northern Zhou and Qing dynasties genetically originated from the Mongolian Plateau.Phylogenetic topology and shared haplotype patterns show that three upstream ancestors of Northern Zhou(C2a1a1b1a2a1b-FGC28857),Donghu tribe(C2a1a1b1-F1756),and Qing(C2a1a3a2-F10283)emperor-related lineages expanded during the middle Neolithic,contributing significantly to genetic flow between ancient northeastern Asians and modern East Asians.Notably,this study reveals limited direct contributions of Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou’s lineages to modern East Asians.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31670523)the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(No.23KJB180005)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20230690)Jiangsu Ocean University Graduate Research and Practice Innovation Program Project(No.KYCX2023-105).
文摘Bisphenol A(BPA)is a recognized estrogenic endocrine disruptor that poses a threat to the reproductive health of fish.However,it remains unclear whether and how paternal BPA exposure can lead to developmental toxicity in offspring.To explore the potential paternal BPA exposure impacts on craniofacial cartilage growth in offspring,male rare minnows were subjected to BPA and subsequently mated with normal females to produce progeny.Our results demonstrated that paternal BPA exposure resulted in increased malformation and delayed craniofacial cartilage development in the F1 offspring.Furthermore,BPA exposure led to differential expression of 28 miRNAs in paternal sperm in F0 generation(13 upregulated and 15 downregulated),among which 7 miRNAs were involved in the regulation of bone development.BPA also downregulated the expression of bmp2a and Runx1 during F1 embryonic development.The inhibited bmp2a expression might derive from BPA's stimulation of one miRNA,aca-miR-16a-5P,due to bmp2a being one of its target genes.Notably,paternal BPA exposure did not affect craniofacial cartilage development or gonadal development in the F2 generation.Overall,our study sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the impact of paternal BPA exposure on facial chondrogenesis in offspring and provides theoretical support for the ecological protection of fish populations.
文摘The inheritance of plastid DNA in Pharbitis was studied by the method of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP).Experimental results showed that plastid DNA from Pharbitis was paternally inherited in reciprocal crosses,P. nil ×P. limbata and P. limbata×P. nil hybrids.But,in the cross of P. limbata×P. nil,the possibility of biparental inheritance of plastid DNA could not be roled out in our preliminary experiment.Thus Pharbitis became the third genus among angiosperms characterized with male plastid transmission.The mechanisms of paternal plastids DNA inheritance in Pharbitis is unclear.The authors proposed that dilution,exclusion and/or degeneration of maternal plastid,including their DNA,after fertilization should be considered.
文摘Modern societal pressures and expectations over the past several decades have resulted in the tendency for couples to delay conception. While women experience a notable decrease in oocyte production in their late thirties, the effect of age on spermatogenesis is less well described. While there are no known limits to the age at which men can father children, the effects of advanced paternal age are incompletely understood. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding advanced paternal age and its implications on semen quality, reproductive success and offspring health. This review will serve as a guide to physicians in counseling men about the decision to delay paternity and the risks involved with conception later in life.
文摘Women have been increasingly delaying the start of motherhood in recent decades. The same trend is seen also for men. The influence of maternal age on fertility, chromosomal anomalies, pregnancy complications, and impaired perinatal and post-natal outcome of offspring, has been thoroughly investigated, and these aspectsare clinically applied during fertility and pregestational counseling. Male aging and reproductive outcome has gained relatively less attention. The purpose of this review is to evaluate updated and relevant literature on the effect of paternal age on reproductive outcome.
基金funded by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education(2004‐2007 project no. 2PO5D2926)
文摘Objective The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of paternal Di‐N‐butyl‐phthalate （DBP） exposure pre‐ and postnatally on F1 generation offspring,and prenatally on F2 generation offspring.Methods Male mice were exposed to either 500 mg/kg or 2 000 mg/kg of DBP for 8 weeks,and mated with non‐exposed females.Three‐quarters of the females were sacrificed a day prior to parturition,and examined for the number of living and dead implantations,and incidence of gross malformations.Pups from the remaining females were assessed for developmental markers,growth parameters,as well as sperm quantity and quality.Results There were no changes in the fertility of parents and in intrauterine development of the offspring.Pups of DBP‐exposed males demonstrated growth‐retardation.Following paternal exposure to 500 mg/kg bw of DBP,there were almost twice the number of males than females born in the F1 generation.F1 generation females had a 2.5‐day delay in vaginal opening.Paternal exposure to 2 000 mg/kg bw of DBP increased the incidence of sperm head malformations in F1 generation males;however,there were no changes in the fertility and viability of foetuses in the F2 generation.Conclusion Paternal DBP exposure may disturb the sex ratio of the offspring,delay female sexual maturation,and deteriorate the sperm quality of F1 generation males.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFC1005001)the Zhongshan Hospital Youth Fund(No.2019ZSQN57)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81971345).
文摘Advanced paternal age has been overlooked,and its effect on fertility remains controversial.Previous studies have focused mainly on intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI)cycles in men with oligozoospermia.However,few studies have reported on men with semen parameters within reference ranges.Therefore,we conducted a retrospective cohort study analyzing the reproductive outcomes of couples with non-male-factor infertility undergoing in vitro fertilization(IVF)cycles.In total,381 cycles included were subgrouped according to paternal age(<35-year-old,35–39-year-old,or≥40-year-old),and maternal age was limited to under 35 years.Data on embryo quality and clinical outcomes were analyzed.The results showed that fertilization and high-quality embryo rates were not significantly different(all P>0.05).The pregnancy rate was not significantly different in the 35–39-year-old group(42.0%;P>0.05),but was significantly lower in the≥40-year-old group(26.1%;P<0.05)than that in the<35-year-old group(40.3%).Similarly,the implantation rate significantly decreased in the≥40-year-old group(18.8%)compared with that in the<35-year-old group(31.1%)and 35–39-year-old group(30.0%)(both P<0.05).The live birth rate(30.6%,21.7%,and 19.6%)was not significantly different across the paternal age subgroups(<35-year-old,35–39-year-old,and≥40-year-old,respectively;all P>0.05),but showed a declining trend.The miscarriage rate significantly increased in the 35–39-year-old group(44.8%)compared with that in the<35-year-old group(21.0%;P<0.05).No abnormality in newborn birth weight was found.The results indicated that paternal age over 40 years is a key risk factor that influences the assisted reproductive technology success rate even with good semen parameters,although it has no impact on embryo development.
文摘As couples are increasingly delaying parenthood, the effect of the aging men and women on reproductive outcomes has been an area of increased interest. Advanced paternal age has been shown to independently affect the entire spectrum of male fertility as assessed by reductions in sperm quality and fertilization （both assisted and unassisted）. Moreover, epidemiological data suggest that paternal age can lead to higher rates of adverse birth outcomes and congenital anomalies. Mounting evidence also suggests increased risk of specific pediatric and adult disease states ranging from cancer to behavioral traits. While disease states associated with advancing paternal age have been well described, consensus recommendations for neonatal screening have not been as widely implemented as have been with advanced maternal age.
基金the National Key R&D Program for Crop Breeding(2016YFD0101407)to Hua JP.
文摘Background:Genetic improvement in fiber quality is one of the main challenges for cotton breeders.Quantitative trait loci(QTL)mapping provides a powerful approach to dissect the molecular mechanism in fiber quality traits.In present study,F14 recombinant inbred line(RIL)population was backcrossed to paternal parent for a paternal backcross(BC/P)population,deriving from one upland cotton hybrid.Three repetitive BC/P field trials and one maternal backcross(BC/M)field trial were performed including both two BC populations and the original RIL population.Results:In total,24 novel QTLs are detected for fiber quality traits and among which 13 QTLs validated previous results.Thirty-five QTLs in BC/P populations explain 5.01%–22.09%of phenotype variation(PV).Among the 35 QTLs,23 QTLs are detected in BC/P population alone.Present study provides novel alleles of male parent for fiber quality traits with positive genetic effects.Particularly,qFS-Chr3–1 explains 22.09%of PV in BC/P population,which increaseds 0.48 cN·tex−1 for fiber strength.A total of 7,2,8,2 and 6 QTLs explain over 10.00%of PV for fiber length,fiber uniformity,fiber strength,fiber elongation and fiber micronaire,respectively.In RIL population,six common QTLs are detected in more than one environment:qFL-Chr1–2,qFS-Chr5–1,qFS-Chr9–1,qFS-Chr21–1,qFM-Chr9–1 and qFM-Chr9–2.Two common QTLs of qFE-Chr2–2(TMB2386-SWU12343)and qFM-Chr9–1(NAU2873-CGR6771)explain 22.42%and 21.91%of PV.The region between NAU4034 and TMB1296 harbor 30 genes(379 kb)in A05 and 42 genes(49 kb)in D05 for fiber length along the QTL qFL-Chr5–1 in BC/P population,respectively.In addition,a total of 142 and 46 epistatic QTLs and QTL×environments(E-QTLs and QQEs)are identified in recombinant inbred lines in paternal backcross(RIL-P)and paternal backcross(BC/P)populations,respectively.Conclusions:The present studies provide informative basis for improving cotton fiber quality in different populations.
基金funded by a grant from the National Science Foundation (IOB-0450807) to S.H.A.by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada Postdoctoral Fellowship to K.A.S.by Yale University
文摘Theory suggests that males that are larger than their competitors may have increased mating success, due to both greater competitive ability and increased attractiveness to females. We examined how male mating suceess varies with male size in the tessellated darter Etheostoma olmstedi. Previous work has shown that large males tend to move around and breed in vacant breeding sites, and consequently provide less care for their eggs, while smaller individuals can be allopaternal, caring for the eggs of other males as well as for their own. We studied female egg deposition in a natural breeding population using artificial breeding sites and in the laboratory, where female choice of spawning site was restricted to two breeding sites tended by two males of different sizes. In both the field and the laboratory, nests tended by larger males were more likely to receive new eggs. Additionally, the mean size of males associated with a nest was positively correlated with both the maximum coverage of eggs at the nest and the number of times new eggs were deposited. We discuss how the increased mating success of larger males, despite their decreased parental care, may help explain aUopaternal care in this species [Current Zoology 56 （1）： 1-5, 2010].
文摘As a number of children born by assisted reproductive technology （ART） are increasing each year across the developed world, the health of such offspring is a matter of public concern. Does the integrity of the paternal genome impact on offspring health？ In societal terms, as birth rates fall, and the Western population become unsustainable, do the benefits outweigh the costs of creating and providing for this ART conceived subpopulation？ There are little data to date to answer these questions. The long-term health of such children has largely been ignored, and success measured only by early （prebirth） outcomes such as embryo quality or pregnancy. However, there are powerful paradigms such as ageing and smoking that give vital clues as to the potential impact of unhealthy spermatozoa on disease risk, mental and physical health, fertility and mortality of these offspring.
文摘Objective: This study aimed to demonstrate and promote the skill of critical emancipatory reflection through reflecting on a nursing practice-based ethical issue about nurses' paternalistic decision-making for patients. Meanwhile, critical awareness will be developed and the underlying issues of paternalism in nursing decision-making will be analyzed. Then, by applying the procedure, improvement in nursing decision-making practice will be expected.Methods: Taylor's model of emancipatory reflection with four steps, including construction, deconstruction, confrontation, and reconstruction, is utilized to guide the author's reflection.Results: Guided by the socialization theory, the author's personal and professional socialization is seen to be associated with the formation of the value of paternalism. The theory of reflexivity is applied to unearth the related issues, including deeper personal value,work environment, as well as historical and cultural contexts. Moreover, the power derived from policy, work relationship, and nursing administration, which could induce paternalism in the author's nursing decision-making practice, was critically debated using the hegemony theory. Finally, new insights into paternalism will be achieved, which enable change in terms of how to facilitate patients' autonomous decision-making.Conclusions: The process of refection makes it clear that respecting patients' right and performing patient-centered caring are the bases to change the paternalism existing in the nursing decision-making practice currently. The reconstruction step assists the author in terms of how to value the patients' autonomy and balance patients' safety and choice, rather than being overprotective; carry out risk assessment, and search for strong evidence to counterbalance the positive and negative aspects of risk-taking; communicate with patients appropriately in a manner that they can comprehend; spend more time to explore patients' preference and choice; make every effort to elevate the patients' decision-making capacity; implement patient-centered care and shared decision-making in nursing practice; consult with other colleagues and obtain the required support when limitations or challenges exist; try to justify and avoid hidden paternalism behind policy or guidelines; deal with the power in hand well and fairly; and also positively face the powers that constrain the author.
文摘Purpose: The purpose is to identify what difficulties fathers have with the roles of fatherhood during pregnancy and early infancy, and to make apparent what their educational support needs are. Methods: This study follows a qualitative descriptive design. The subjects were new first-time fathers of Japanese nationality. Subjects participated in semi-structured interviews administered according to interview guidelines. Results: There were 15 subjects in total. The average age of the subjects’ children was 5.5 months. Fathers’ difficulties with their new roles were abstracted in to five main categories: < Difficulties during early engagement with child >, < Difficulties related to child crying >, < Difficulties arising after getting through the early engagement stage >, < Difficulties related to support of partner >, and < Mental burdens associated with childrearing >. Additionally, the types of support fathers requested to help maintain their mental health after the birth of their infants were abstracted into three main categories: < Support with childcare knowledge/acquiring skills >, < Support in building a positive marital relationship >, and < Support in maintaining own mental health >. Conclusions: 1) The stress experienced by fathers from the birth of their child through early infancy, originating in two elements of fatherhood (engagement with the child and spousal support), placed a great mental burden upon them in a multi-layered structure;2) The support that needs fathers expressed to maintain their mental health pre- and postpartum is based on the difficulties they experienced with paternal roles;3) There is a disparity between the needs of fathers expressed through the results of this study and current paternal support practices in Japan. The supplementation and revision of existing paternal support practices is an issue that merits further consideration. Furthermore, the existing group interview method suffers from low attendance, and attending has become increasingly difficult due to the COVID-19 pandemic spreading throughout Japan. It is necessary to consider alternative methods of educational support moving forward.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2021YFC2701004 and 2024YFC2707602)the Natural Science Foundation of China(82070323,82373584,and 82204051)+2 种基金Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2019-I2M-5-002)Shanghai Sailing Program(22YF1403900)Research Project of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(202140444).
文摘Adverse maternal and offspring reproductive outcomes,such as congenital disabilities,spontaneous pregnancy loss(SPL),preterm birth,gestational diabetes,and gestational hypertension,affect up to 20%of pregnancies[1–3].Although the evidence remains elusive,a potential link emerged with the inappropriate periconceptional folate status[4].Folate belongs to one-carbon metabolism(OCM),playing pivotal roles in biological processes during the early development of humans,such as generating methyl groups for use in DNA synthesis,amino acid homeostasis,antioxidant generation,and epigenetic regulation[5,6].
基金Funding My work on this article is partially supported by a grant[SSHD 2023-299(D)]from the College of Professional and Continuing Education,an afiliate of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University.
文摘In this paper,I criticize Joel Feinberg's argument of soft paternalism,which stands against hard paternalism,as being untenable.As assessing one's voluntariness is very difficult and controversial,paternalistic measures would be preferable to be implemented by hard paternalism rather than soft paternalism.I then examine four usual criticisms of hard paternalism from the perspective of utilitarianism and the principle of autonomy.I argue that these criticisms are unsound and unfounded,and I defend hard paternalism from the perspective of Confucian familism.I argue that as one's life and identity are inseparable from one's family,“self-regarding”actions,traditionally understood,do not only affect the self,but also one's family members.Thus,paternalistic measures to protect individuals from self-harming are also aimed to protect their family members which are indeed compatible with Mill's harm principle.
基金supported in part by the Higher Education Sprout Project,Ministry of Education,to the Headquarters of University Advancement at National Cheng Kung University(NCKU).
文摘Background:While various factors contributing to delinquency have been explored,the role of selfesteem in this specific context has received little attention.Hence,this study aims to investigate the complex issue of adolescent delinquency in Iran by focusing on the mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship between parental attachment and delinquent behavior.Methods:Using the multistage cluster random sampling method,the research involved 528 high school students in Tehran.Each student completed validated scales assessing their parental attachment,self-esteem,and delinquency at school.Multiple regression analyses with the Sobel test and bootstrappingmethod were used to examine mediated effects.Results:Thefindings reveal that self-esteem significantly mediates the relationship betweenmaternal attachment and delinquency(standardized coefficient=−0.0292;p=0.04).Adolescents with secure maternal attachments tend to exhibit higher self-esteem,which reduces the likelihood of delinquent behavior.In contrast,paternal attachment did not show a significant mediating effect in this study.These results underscore the importance of cultivating secure maternal relationships and fostering positive self-esteem to address adolescent delinquency.Conclusion:The study suggests that targeted interventions that strengthen maternal attachment and boost self-esteem could effectively mitigate delinquent behaviors among Iranian adolescents.These interventions should prioritize the emotional support and value of secure maternal bonds as key factors in promoting healthy adolescent development.
