Microneedles(MNs)have been extensively investigated for transdermal delivery of large-sized drugs,including proteins,nucleic acids,and even extracellular vesicles(EVs).However,for their sufficient skin penetration,con...Microneedles(MNs)have been extensively investigated for transdermal delivery of large-sized drugs,including proteins,nucleic acids,and even extracellular vesicles(EVs).However,for their sufficient skin penetration,conventional MNs employ long needles(≥600μm),leading to pain and skin irritation.Moreover,it is critical to stably apply MNs against complex skin surfaces for uniform nanoscale drug delivery.Herein,a dually amplified transdermal patch(MN@EV/SC)is developed as the stem cell-derived EV delivery platform by hierarchically integrating an octopusinspired suction cup(SC)with short MNs(≤300μm).While leveraging the suction effect to induce nanoscale deformation of the stratum corneum,MN@EV/SC minimizes skin damage and enhances the adhesion of MNs,allowing EV to penetrate deeper into the dermis.When MNs of various lengths are applied to mouse skin,the short MNs can elicit comparable corticosterone release to chemical adhesives,whereas long MNs induce a prompt stress response.MN@EV/SC can achieve a remarkable penetration depth(290μm)for EV,compared to that of MN alone(111μm).Consequently,MN@EV/SC facilitates the revitalization of fibroblasts and enhances collagen synthesis in middle-aged mice.Overall,MN@EV/SC exhibits the potential for skin regeneration by modulating the dermal microenvironment and ensuring patient comfort.展开更多
Aim: To record the single-channel currents and characterize the electrophysiological properties of the Cl^- channels inhuman sperm membrane. Methods: The membrane proteins extracted from the human sperm were reassembl...Aim: To record the single-channel currents and characterize the electrophysiological properties of the Cl^- channels inhuman sperm membrane. Methods: The membrane proteins extracted from the human sperm were reassembled intoliposome bilayer, and the liposomes were fused into giant liposomes with a diameter more than 10μm by dehydration-rehydration procedure. The giant liposomes were used to study the Cl^- channel activities by patch-clamp technique.Results: By patch clamping the giant liposome in an asymmetric NMDG (N-methyl-D-glucamine)-Cl (bath 100//pipette 200 mmol/L) solution system, three kinds of single-channel events with unit conductances of (74.1 ± 8.3) pS,(117.0±5.7) pS and (144.7±4.5) pS, respectively, were detected. Their activities were voltage-dependent and allwere blocked by SITS (4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanato-stilbene-2', 2'-disulfonic acid) in a concentration-dependentmanner. By constructing the open and close dwell time distribution histograms and then fitting them with exponentialfunction, two time constants were obtained in both the open and the close states. The burst activity and conductancesubstate of the channels were observed. Conclusion; There exist three kinds of Cl^- channels with different conduc-tance in human sperm membrane at least. (Asian J Androl 2001 Sep; 3: 185 - 191)展开更多
The patch clamp recording technique in vivois a blind patch clamp recording methods to record the current of the spinal or cereral neurons of anaes：hesia （ or awake） animals. This technique can be used to study the...The patch clamp recording technique in vivois a blind patch clamp recording methods to record the current of the spinal or cereral neurons of anaes：hesia （ or awake） animals. This technique can be used to study the synaptic function and plasticity in central nervous system in vivoin order to understand the physiological properties of the ion channels from an integrated point of view. The advantage of this technique have already presented itself in the study of the synaptic transmission and nervous network. Nowadays, in vivo patch whole-cell recording technique in combination with other techniques is becoming a common method in the research fields.展开更多
We used whole-vacuolar patch-clamp recording mode to study the action mechanism of La3+ to Slow Vacuolar (SV) channels for the first time. We recorded SV channel currents of Xinlimei (Raphanus satirus L.) vacuolars. T...We used whole-vacuolar patch-clamp recording mode to study the action mechanism of La3+ to Slow Vacuolar (SV) channels for the first time. We recorded SV channel currents of Xinlimei (Raphanus satirus L.) vacuolars. The minimum activation potentials of voltage-dependent SV channels tied in 25+/-5 mV. The increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+ led to enhancement of SV-type currents. It was found that the threshold potential of activation shifted towards more depolarized values whenever cytoplasmic Ca2+ was increased. When 10(-10) mol/L free La3+ was added to the bath, SV-type current was suppressed by 60 similar to 75%. These data showed La3+ reduced ion permeabilities of Xinlimei root vacuolar membrane.展开更多
AIM： To induce the pancreatic duct cells into endocrine cells with a new natural protocol for electrophysiological study. METHODS： The pancreatic duct cells of neonatal rats were isolated, cultured and induced into ...AIM： To induce the pancreatic duct cells into endocrine cells with a new natural protocol for electrophysiological study. METHODS： The pancreatic duct cells of neonatal rats were isolated, cultured and induced into endocrine ceils with 15% fetal bovine serum for a period of 20 d. During this period, insulin secretion, MTT value, and morphological change of neonatal and adult pancreatic islet cells were comparatively investigated. Pancreatic β-cells were identified by morphological and electrophysiological characteristics, while ATP sensitive potassium channels （KATP）, voltage-dependent potassium channels （Kv）, and voltage-dependent calcium channels （KcA） in β-cells were identified by patch clamp technique. RESULTS： After incubation with fetal bovine serum, the neonatal duct cells budded out, changed from duct-like cells into islet clusters. In the first 4 d, MTT value and insulin secretion increased slowly （MTT value from 0.024 ±0.003 to 3.028±0.003, insulin secretion from 2.6±0.6 to 3.1±0.8 mIU/L）. Then MTT value and insulin secretion increased quickly from d 5 to d 10 （MTT value from 0.028 ±0.003 to 0.052±0.008, insulin secretion from 3.1±0.8 to 18.3±2.6 mIU/L）, then reached high plateau （MTT value 〉0.052±0.008, insulin secretion 〉18.3±2.6 mIU/L）. In contrast, for the isolated adult pancreatic islet cells, both insulin release and MTT value were stable in the first 4 d （MTT value from 0.029±0.01 to 0.031±0.011, insulin secretion from 13.9±3.1 to 14.3±3.3 mIU/L）, but afterwards they reduced gradually （MTT value 〈0.031 ±0.011, insulin secretion 〈8.2±1.5 mIU/L）, and the pancreatic islet cells became dispersed, broken or atrophied correspondingly. The differentiated neonatal cells were identified as pancreatic islet cells by dithizone staining method, and pancreatic β-cells were further identified by both morphological features and electrophysiological characteristics, i.e. the existence of recording currents from KATP, Kv, and KCA. CONCLUSION： Islet cells differentiated from neonatal pancreatic duct cells with the new natural protocol are more advantageous in performing patch clamp study over the isolated adult pancreatic islet cells.展开更多
One kind of novel BLMs was fabricated by patch-clamp pipette technology characterized in considerably sensitive to changes of electrochemical parameters.Detectiye currents and voltage presented linear relationship whe...One kind of novel BLMs was fabricated by patch-clamp pipette technology characterized in considerably sensitive to changes of electrochemical parameters.Detectiye currents and voltage presented linear relationship when BLMs was formed and it could be confirmed by Gramicidin method.Ion current was increased by dihexyl (C_ (12)) modified ssDNA fixed on the BLMs and also indicated linear relationship to ssDNA's concentration due to the interaction of (C_ 12)-ssDNA and BLMs.Further more,the regression equations were different from BLMs fixed with ssDNA probe and a blank control BLM in the same experimental conditions.The ssDNA probe was successfully fixed on patch-clamp pipette supported-BLMs.Based on our studies,a biosensor with reactive element of patch-clamp pipette-supported BLMs has been established.展开更多
To attempt to the feasibility of whole-cell patch-clamp recordings on the cardiac ventricular slices of newborn (P3-P7) Sprague-Dawley (S-D) rats and find a good substitute of the single cardiac myocytes with enzymati...To attempt to the feasibility of whole-cell patch-clamp recordings on the cardiac ventricular slices of newborn (P3-P7) Sprague-Dawley (S-D) rats and find a good substitute of the single cardiac myocytes with enzymatic treatment. High resistance seals (】1 GΩ) could be obtained in the cardiac ventricle tissue on this preparation without enzymatic treatment. Then, the cell-attached and whole-cell patch-clamp techniques can be achieved in the thin (200μm) cardiac slices. Averaged sodium current (n=ll cells) was recorded in cell-attached mode, displayed similar features to that previously reported from isolated rat ventricular myocytes. The outward potassium current, Hyperpolarization-activated cation channel or If channel (HCN channel) and action potential (AP) were recorded in whole-cell configuration (n=2 cells) and the similar properties can be seen from the cardiac slices. Cell-attached mode is a stable and reliable mode to record the ion treatment. Resting potential for cardiac slice, measured from Current-clamp recording in whole-cell mode, is about -50 - - 70 mV. The resting potential value from the cardiac slice has similar property except that it is positive to the isolated cardiomyocytes by enzymes. Application of patch-clamp techniques to cardiac slices allows single channel recordings without complicated procedures of cell isolation. Moreover, possible alteration of channel properties caused by proteolytic enzymes can be avoided. In this paper, whole-cell patch-clamp recordings could be achieved on the cardiac slice and we affirmed the feasibility and values of the both recording modes on it. At the same time, there is difficulty and limitation of the application of whole-cell patch-clamp on the cardiac slice for the existence of large mount of connective tissue even in the newborn rats.展开更多
The single ion channel signal is an ionic current that can be recorded by the patch clamp technique. Hidden Markov model (HMM) algorithm has been used to convert the low signal noise ratio (SNR) noisy recording into a...The single ion channel signal is an ionic current that can be recorded by the patch clamp technique. Hidden Markov model (HMM) algorithm has been used to convert the low signal noise ratio (SNR) noisy recording into an idealized quantal one in the case of white background noise. The traditional HMM algorithm is extended and adapted to the colored background noise. A new algorithm called EHMM (Extended HMM) algorithm is proposed, and mainly validated by simulation. Results show that it’s effective.展开更多
This letter discusses the findings of Pang et al retrospective study on omental patch repair as a balanced treatment for gastric ulcer perforation.We acknowledge its clinical value while highlighting a critical limita...This letter discusses the findings of Pang et al retrospective study on omental patch repair as a balanced treatment for gastric ulcer perforation.We acknowledge its clinical value while highlighting a critical limitation:Conventional mechanical closure often results in fibrotic scarring and functional impairment across the mucosal,muscular,and neurovascular layers.To address this,we propose the innovative concept of“multi-layer repair”and present a proof-ofconcept three-dimensional bioprinted functional biopatch.This patch features a multilayer structure:An inner layer laden with gastric mucosal organoids and an outer layer containing primary gastric muscle cells,both integrated onto a wetadhesive electrospun membrane.Preliminary animal studies have yielded encouraging results,supporting its potential to promote functional restoration beyond mechanical sealing.展开更多
Using abundant saline water for electrolysis,rather than limited freshwater,presents a promising technique for generating clean hydrogen energy.However,high concentration of corrosive chloride ions in saline water pos...Using abundant saline water for electrolysis,rather than limited freshwater,presents a promising technique for generating clean hydrogen energy.However,high concentration of corrosive chloride ions in saline water poses a great challenge in the stability of anode.In this study,we present a straightforward strategy to protect the anode from corrosion by patching the catalyst layer through a treatment of the anode with a sodium sulfide(Na2S) solution followed by electrochemical activation.The rapid sulfurization of the Ni electrode in Na2S results in the formation of a Na2S layer,which can subsequently be converted to NiOOH upon electrochemical activation,thereby shielding the inner Ni electrode from corrosion.The as-prepared electrode (P-NiFe-LDH/Ni) based on the strategy demonstrated stability over 3,500 h at an industrial current density of 0.5 A cm^(-2)in a 0.5 M NaCl and 1 M KOH solution.This study presents an effective strategy to significantly enhance the stability of anodes for saline water electrolysis by effectively patching the cracks in the catalyst layer.展开更多
Due to the limited regeneration capacity of myocardial tissue after infarction,designing tissue engineering scaffolds are in demand.In the present study,electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds were made out of polyurethane,...Due to the limited regeneration capacity of myocardial tissue after infarction,designing tissue engineering scaffolds are in demand.In the present study,electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds were made out of polyurethane,collagen and gold nanoparticles with random and aligned nanofiber morphologies.The nanoparticles were green-synthesized using saffron extract.Nanoparticle characterizations with UV-Vis.spectroscopy and DLS illustrated theoretical and hydrodynamic diameters of around 7 and 13 nm,respectively,having zeta potential of−37 mV.SEM and TEM micrographs showed the morphology and diameters of obtained nanofibers.Also,further characterization were done by ATR-FTIR,XRD and TGA investigations and degradation studies.Contact angle measurements showed hydrophilic nature of the scaffolds(59±0.6°for aligned PU/Col/Au50 nanofibers compared to 120±2.6°for random PU nanofibers).Mechanical testing demonstrated appropriate tensile properties of the scaffolds for cardiac tissue engineering(Young’s modulus:1.53±0.07 MPa for aligned PU/Col/Au50 nanofibers compared to 0.4±0.05 MPa for random PU nanofibers).Finally,alamar blue assay revealed proper survival of the cells of HUVEC cell line on the prepared scaffolds,where the highest percentages were observed for random and aligned PU/Col/Au50 nanofibers.According to the findings,the fabricated PU/Col/AuNPs nanofibrous scaffolds could be considered as potential cardiac patches.展开更多
Software systems are vulnerable to security breaches as they expand in complexity and functionality.The confidentiality,integrity,and availability of data are gravely threatened by flaws in a system’s design,implemen...Software systems are vulnerable to security breaches as they expand in complexity and functionality.The confidentiality,integrity,and availability of data are gravely threatened by flaws in a system’s design,implementation,or configuration.To guarantee the durability&robustness of the software,vulnerability identification and fixation have become crucial areas of focus for developers,cybersecurity experts and industries.This paper presents a thorough multi-phase mathematical model for efficient patch management and vulnerability detection.To uniquely model these processes,the model incorporated the notion of the learning phenomenon in describing vulnerability fixation using a logistic learning function.Furthermore,the authors have used numerical methods to approximate the solution of the proposed framework where an analytical solution is difficult to attain.The suggested systematic architecture has been demonstrated through statistical analysis using patch datasets,which offers a solid basis for the research conclusions.According to computational research,learning dynamics improves security response and results in more effective vulnerability management.The suggested model offers a systematic approach to proactive vulnerability mitigation and has important uses in risk assessment,software maintenance,and cybersecurity.This study helps create more robust software systems by increasing patch management effectiveness,which benefits developers,cybersecurity experts,and sectors looking to reduce security threats in a growing digital world.展开更多
Since the introduction of vision Transformers into the computer vision field,many vision tasks such as semantic segmentation tasks,have undergone radical changes.Although Transformer enhances the correlation of each l...Since the introduction of vision Transformers into the computer vision field,many vision tasks such as semantic segmentation tasks,have undergone radical changes.Although Transformer enhances the correlation of each local feature of an image object in the hidden space through the attention mechanism,it is difficult for a segmentation head to accomplish the mask prediction for dense embedding of multi-category and multi-local features.We present patch prototype vision Transformer(PPFormer),a Transformer architecture for semantic segmentation based on knowledge-embedded patch prototypes.1)The hierarchical Transformer encoder can generate multi-scale and multi-layered patch features including seamless patch projection to obtain information of multiscale patches,and feature-clustered self-attention to enhance the interplay of multi-layered visual information with implicit position encodes.2)PPFormer utilizes a non-parametric prototype decoder to extract region observations which represent significant parts of the objects by unlearnable patch prototypes and then calculate similarity between patch prototypes and pixel embeddings.The proposed contrasting patch prototype alignment module,which uses new patch prototypes to update prototype bank,effectively maintains class boundaries for prototypes.For different application scenarios,we have launched PPFormer-S,PPFormer-M and PPFormer-L by expanding the scale.Experimental results demonstrate that PPFormer can outperform fully convolutional networks(FCN)-and attention-based semantic segmentation models on the PASCAL VOC 2012,ADE20k,and Cityscapes datasets.展开更多
A new dimensionless number is proposed for dynamic plastic deformation analysis of clamped circular plates under underwater explosion loads by introducing dimensional analysis method to the basic dynamical governing e...A new dimensionless number is proposed for dynamic plastic deformation analysis of clamped circular plates under underwater explosion loads by introducing dimensional analysis method to the basic dynamical governing equations of circular plates.The relation between dimensionless final plastic deformation of circular plates and the new dimensionless number is established based on massive underwater explosion test data.Meanwhile,comparative analysis was discussed with two other published dimensionless parameters which indicated the new dimensionless number proposed in this paper is more effective and extensive to predict the dynamic plastic response of circular plates under underwater explosion condition.展开更多
Myocardial infarction(MI)is a challenging condition that results in scar formation on the ventricular wall,causing myocardial damage and ventricular thinning.Engineered cardiac patches(ECPs)designed to regenerate myoc...Myocardial infarction(MI)is a challenging condition that results in scar formation on the ventricular wall,causing myocardial damage and ventricular thinning.Engineered cardiac patches(ECPs)designed to regenerate myocardial tissue have been proposed to repair the ventricular wall and replenish myocardial cells.However,their clinical use is limited by manufacturing and fixation challenges.This study introduces a manufacturing strategy for a composite ECP,which comprises an antiadhesion shell layer,a conductive myocardial tissue,and an exosome-laden microneedle substrate.The ECP can anchor to the infarcted myocardium through its microneedle substrate.Meanwhile,its outer shell prevents nonspecific adhesion,enabling stable and suture-free attachment.Using this microneedle substrate,we applied a 3D-printed ECP in a rat model of post-MI repair.Our results showed that this strategy reduced left ventricular damage,improved cardiac ejection fraction,decreased the fibrotic area,increased ventricular wall thickness,improved microvascular recovery,and thus facilitated the repair of maladaptive ventricular remodeling post-MI.This microneedle substrate holds great promise for use in the fixation of patches during the repair of myocardial tissue and other organs,thereby promoting the clinical application of tissue-engineered patches.展开更多
Adhesive patches offer an effective approach for wound closure,making them highly suitable for biomedical applications.However,conventional patches often face limitations such as dual-sided adhesion,lack of shape adap...Adhesive patches offer an effective approach for wound closure,making them highly suitable for biomedical applications.However,conventional patches often face limitations such as dual-sided adhesion,lack of shape adaptability,and limited maneuverability,which restrict their applications in deeper tissues.In this paper,we develop a magnetic patch robot(PatchBot),for targeted Janus adhesion with tissues.The PatchBot features a unique triple-layer structure,with adhesive,shape-morphing,and anti-adhesive layers,each fulfilling roles to support targeted attachment,enable shape transformation,and prevent unwanted adhesion to surrounding tissues.The Janus adhesion of the PatchBot was extensively demonstrated across a variety of tissues.A localized near-infrared(NIR)laser irradiation was used to induce programmable shape transformations.Magnetic actuation of the PatchBot for targeted adhesion was successfully demonstrated in ex vivo porcine stomach tissue.NIR light-activated shape-morphing and multimodal magnetic actuation significantly enhance its maneuverability and adaptability in confined in vivo environments while ensuring the structural integrity of the adhesive surface during deployment.This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the feasibility of using PatchBot for targeted wound adhesion,showing its potential for minimally invasive,precision therapies in complex in vivo environments.展开更多
This paper is a statistical survey of Southern Hemisphere cold and hot polar cap patches,in relation to the interplanetary magnetic field(IMF)and ionospheric convection geometry.A total of 11,946 patch events were ide...This paper is a statistical survey of Southern Hemisphere cold and hot polar cap patches,in relation to the interplanetary magnetic field(IMF)and ionospheric convection geometry.A total of 11,946 patch events were identified by Defense Meteorological Satellite Program(DMSP)F16 during the years 2011 to 2022.A temperature ratio of ion/electron temperature(T_(i)/T_(e))<0.68 is recommended to define a hot patch in the Southern Hemisphere,otherwise it is defined as a cold patch.The cold and hot patches have different dependencies on IMF clock angle,while their dependencies on IMF cone angle are similar.Both cold and hot patches appear most often on the duskside,and the distribution of cold patches gradually decreases from the dayside to the nightside,while hot patches have a higher occurrence rate near 14 and 21 magnetic local time(MLT).Moreover,we compared the key plasma characteristics of polar cap cold and hot patches in the Southern and Northern Hemispheres.The intensity of the duskside upward field-aligned current of patches in the Southern Hemisphere(SH)is stronger than that in the Northern Hemisphere(SH),which may be due to the discrepancy in conductivities between the two hemispheres,caused by the tilted dipole.In both hemispheres,the downward soft-electron energy flux of the dawnside patches is significantly greater than that of the duskside patches.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the intervention effect of childlike nursing combined with Chinese herbal patching on pediatric bronchopneumonia.Methods:1036 children with bronchopneumonia(one family member included for each ch...Objective:To evaluate the intervention effect of childlike nursing combined with Chinese herbal patching on pediatric bronchopneumonia.Methods:1036 children with bronchopneumonia(one family member included for each child)who were admitted to the hospital between January 2024 and June 2024 were selected and randomly divided into two groups using a random number table.The combined group received childlike nursing combined with Chinese herbal patching,while the control group received routine nursing.Symptom recovery time,treatment compliance,inflammatory factor levels,quality of life of the children,and family satisfaction were compared between the two groups.Results:The symptom recovery time in the combined group was shorter than that in the control group,treatment compliance was higher,inflammatory factor levels after intervention were lower,quality of life scores of the children were lower,and family satisfaction was higher(P<0.05).Conclusion:The implementation of childlike nursing combined with Chinese herbal patching for children with bronchopneumonia can shorten their symptom recovery time,significantly improve treatment compliance and quality of life,reduce inflammatory reactions,and achieve high satisfaction among family members.展开更多
Considering the environmental sustainability,the ceramic substrate is preferred in conventional global navigation satellite system(GNSS)antennas.However,the high-density ceramic increases the antennas'mass,and ban...Considering the environmental sustainability,the ceramic substrate is preferred in conventional global navigation satellite system(GNSS)antennas.However,the high-density ceramic increases the antennas'mass,and bandwidth of the GNSS antenna is narrowed by the high permittivity of ceramic.To solve these issues,a compact,lightweight circularly polarized(CP),transmitting(Tx)and receiving(Rx)integrated antenna was proposed for the lightweight and wide-bandwidth GNSS communications antennas.A hollowing sandwich layer was used to balance the bandwidth and weight performance.By optimizing hollowed dimensions,a lightweight and wide bandwidth GNSS antenna could be achieved.Both Tx-Rx antennas were integrated into a printed circuit board(PCB),minimizing the satellite installation space.Simulations and measurements are conducted.The results show that the operating frequency band around 1.6 GHz(Tx)and around 1.5 GHz(Rx),with realized gains 3 dBi(Tx)and 2.5 dBi(Rx).The total mass of the proposed antenna is around 59 g within a compact space of 50 mm×50 mm×10 mm.The proposed CP GNSS antennas show excellent performance in size,mass,and bandwidth,which can be a potential solution for the micro-nano satellite-ground communications.展开更多
基金supported by National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grants funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(No.RS-2023-00256265,RS-2024-00352352,RS-2024-00405818)the Korean Fund for Regenerative Medicine(KFRM)grant funded by the Korea government(the Ministry of Science and ICT,the Ministry of Health&Welfare).(No.25A0102L1)support from the Market-led K-sensor technology program(RS-2022-00154781,Development of large-area wafer-level flexible/stretchable hybrid sensor platform technology for form factor-free highly integrated convergence sensor),funded By the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE,Korea).
文摘Microneedles(MNs)have been extensively investigated for transdermal delivery of large-sized drugs,including proteins,nucleic acids,and even extracellular vesicles(EVs).However,for their sufficient skin penetration,conventional MNs employ long needles(≥600μm),leading to pain and skin irritation.Moreover,it is critical to stably apply MNs against complex skin surfaces for uniform nanoscale drug delivery.Herein,a dually amplified transdermal patch(MN@EV/SC)is developed as the stem cell-derived EV delivery platform by hierarchically integrating an octopusinspired suction cup(SC)with short MNs(≤300μm).While leveraging the suction effect to induce nanoscale deformation of the stratum corneum,MN@EV/SC minimizes skin damage and enhances the adhesion of MNs,allowing EV to penetrate deeper into the dermis.When MNs of various lengths are applied to mouse skin,the short MNs can elicit comparable corticosterone release to chemical adhesives,whereas long MNs induce a prompt stress response.MN@EV/SC can achieve a remarkable penetration depth(290μm)for EV,compared to that of MN alone(111μm).Consequently,MN@EV/SC facilitates the revitalization of fibroblasts and enhances collagen synthesis in middle-aged mice.Overall,MN@EV/SC exhibits the potential for skin regeneration by modulating the dermal microenvironment and ensuring patient comfort.
文摘Aim: To record the single-channel currents and characterize the electrophysiological properties of the Cl^- channels inhuman sperm membrane. Methods: The membrane proteins extracted from the human sperm were reassembled intoliposome bilayer, and the liposomes were fused into giant liposomes with a diameter more than 10μm by dehydration-rehydration procedure. The giant liposomes were used to study the Cl^- channel activities by patch-clamp technique.Results: By patch clamping the giant liposome in an asymmetric NMDG (N-methyl-D-glucamine)-Cl (bath 100//pipette 200 mmol/L) solution system, three kinds of single-channel events with unit conductances of (74.1 ± 8.3) pS,(117.0±5.7) pS and (144.7±4.5) pS, respectively, were detected. Their activities were voltage-dependent and allwere blocked by SITS (4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanato-stilbene-2', 2'-disulfonic acid) in a concentration-dependentmanner. By constructing the open and close dwell time distribution histograms and then fitting them with exponentialfunction, two time constants were obtained in both the open and the close states. The burst activity and conductancesubstate of the channels were observed. Conclusion; There exist three kinds of Cl^- channels with different conduc-tance in human sperm membrane at least. (Asian J Androl 2001 Sep; 3: 185 - 191)
文摘The patch clamp recording technique in vivois a blind patch clamp recording methods to record the current of the spinal or cereral neurons of anaes：hesia （ or awake） animals. This technique can be used to study the synaptic function and plasticity in central nervous system in vivoin order to understand the physiological properties of the ion channels from an integrated point of view. The advantage of this technique have already presented itself in the study of the synaptic transmission and nervous network. Nowadays, in vivo patch whole-cell recording technique in combination with other techniques is becoming a common method in the research fields.
基金The authors acknowledge the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProvincial Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi.
文摘We used whole-vacuolar patch-clamp recording mode to study the action mechanism of La3+ to Slow Vacuolar (SV) channels for the first time. We recorded SV channel currents of Xinlimei (Raphanus satirus L.) vacuolars. The minimum activation potentials of voltage-dependent SV channels tied in 25+/-5 mV. The increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+ led to enhancement of SV-type currents. It was found that the threshold potential of activation shifted towards more depolarized values whenever cytoplasmic Ca2+ was increased. When 10(-10) mol/L free La3+ was added to the bath, SV-type current was suppressed by 60 similar to 75%. These data showed La3+ reduced ion permeabilities of Xinlimei root vacuolar membrane.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 30472254
文摘AIM： To induce the pancreatic duct cells into endocrine cells with a new natural protocol for electrophysiological study. METHODS： The pancreatic duct cells of neonatal rats were isolated, cultured and induced into endocrine ceils with 15% fetal bovine serum for a period of 20 d. During this period, insulin secretion, MTT value, and morphological change of neonatal and adult pancreatic islet cells were comparatively investigated. Pancreatic β-cells were identified by morphological and electrophysiological characteristics, while ATP sensitive potassium channels （KATP）, voltage-dependent potassium channels （Kv）, and voltage-dependent calcium channels （KcA） in β-cells were identified by patch clamp technique. RESULTS： After incubation with fetal bovine serum, the neonatal duct cells budded out, changed from duct-like cells into islet clusters. In the first 4 d, MTT value and insulin secretion increased slowly （MTT value from 0.024 ±0.003 to 3.028±0.003, insulin secretion from 2.6±0.6 to 3.1±0.8 mIU/L）. Then MTT value and insulin secretion increased quickly from d 5 to d 10 （MTT value from 0.028 ±0.003 to 0.052±0.008, insulin secretion from 3.1±0.8 to 18.3±2.6 mIU/L）, then reached high plateau （MTT value 〉0.052±0.008, insulin secretion 〉18.3±2.6 mIU/L）. In contrast, for the isolated adult pancreatic islet cells, both insulin release and MTT value were stable in the first 4 d （MTT value from 0.029±0.01 to 0.031±0.011, insulin secretion from 13.9±3.1 to 14.3±3.3 mIU/L）, but afterwards they reduced gradually （MTT value 〈0.031 ±0.011, insulin secretion 〈8.2±1.5 mIU/L）, and the pancreatic islet cells became dispersed, broken or atrophied correspondingly. The differentiated neonatal cells were identified as pancreatic islet cells by dithizone staining method, and pancreatic β-cells were further identified by both morphological features and electrophysiological characteristics, i.e. the existence of recording currents from KATP, Kv, and KCA. CONCLUSION： Islet cells differentiated from neonatal pancreatic duct cells with the new natural protocol are more advantageous in performing patch clamp study over the isolated adult pancreatic islet cells.
文摘One kind of novel BLMs was fabricated by patch-clamp pipette technology characterized in considerably sensitive to changes of electrochemical parameters.Detectiye currents and voltage presented linear relationship when BLMs was formed and it could be confirmed by Gramicidin method.Ion current was increased by dihexyl (C_ (12)) modified ssDNA fixed on the BLMs and also indicated linear relationship to ssDNA's concentration due to the interaction of (C_ 12)-ssDNA and BLMs.Further more,the regression equations were different from BLMs fixed with ssDNA probe and a blank control BLM in the same experimental conditions.The ssDNA probe was successfully fixed on patch-clamp pipette supported-BLMs.Based on our studies,a biosensor with reactive element of patch-clamp pipette-supported BLMs has been established.
文摘To attempt to the feasibility of whole-cell patch-clamp recordings on the cardiac ventricular slices of newborn (P3-P7) Sprague-Dawley (S-D) rats and find a good substitute of the single cardiac myocytes with enzymatic treatment. High resistance seals (】1 GΩ) could be obtained in the cardiac ventricle tissue on this preparation without enzymatic treatment. Then, the cell-attached and whole-cell patch-clamp techniques can be achieved in the thin (200μm) cardiac slices. Averaged sodium current (n=ll cells) was recorded in cell-attached mode, displayed similar features to that previously reported from isolated rat ventricular myocytes. The outward potassium current, Hyperpolarization-activated cation channel or If channel (HCN channel) and action potential (AP) were recorded in whole-cell configuration (n=2 cells) and the similar properties can be seen from the cardiac slices. Cell-attached mode is a stable and reliable mode to record the ion treatment. Resting potential for cardiac slice, measured from Current-clamp recording in whole-cell mode, is about -50 - - 70 mV. The resting potential value from the cardiac slice has similar property except that it is positive to the isolated cardiomyocytes by enzymes. Application of patch-clamp techniques to cardiac slices allows single channel recordings without complicated procedures of cell isolation. Moreover, possible alteration of channel properties caused by proteolytic enzymes can be avoided. In this paper, whole-cell patch-clamp recordings could be achieved on the cardiac slice and we affirmed the feasibility and values of the both recording modes on it. At the same time, there is difficulty and limitation of the application of whole-cell patch-clamp on the cardiac slice for the existence of large mount of connective tissue even in the newborn rats.
文摘The single ion channel signal is an ionic current that can be recorded by the patch clamp technique. Hidden Markov model (HMM) algorithm has been used to convert the low signal noise ratio (SNR) noisy recording into an idealized quantal one in the case of white background noise. The traditional HMM algorithm is extended and adapted to the colored background noise. A new algorithm called EHMM (Extended HMM) algorithm is proposed, and mainly validated by simulation. Results show that it’s effective.
基金Supported by Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation,No.7234387Chinese PLA General Hospital Young Independent Innovation Science Foundation,No.22QNFC004.
文摘This letter discusses the findings of Pang et al retrospective study on omental patch repair as a balanced treatment for gastric ulcer perforation.We acknowledge its clinical value while highlighting a critical limitation:Conventional mechanical closure often results in fibrotic scarring and functional impairment across the mucosal,muscular,and neurovascular layers.To address this,we propose the innovative concept of“multi-layer repair”and present a proof-ofconcept three-dimensional bioprinted functional biopatch.This patch features a multilayer structure:An inner layer laden with gastric mucosal organoids and an outer layer containing primary gastric muscle cells,both integrated onto a wetadhesive electrospun membrane.Preliminary animal studies have yielded encouraging results,supporting its potential to promote functional restoration beyond mechanical sealing.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(No.2023YFB4006100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52271232)+3 种基金Ningbo Youth Science and Technology Leading Talents Project(No.2023QL026)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,CAS(No.2020300)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Nos.LY21E020008 and LD21E020001)the“From 0 to 1”Innovative Program of CAS(No.ZDBS-LY-JSC021)
文摘Using abundant saline water for electrolysis,rather than limited freshwater,presents a promising technique for generating clean hydrogen energy.However,high concentration of corrosive chloride ions in saline water poses a great challenge in the stability of anode.In this study,we present a straightforward strategy to protect the anode from corrosion by patching the catalyst layer through a treatment of the anode with a sodium sulfide(Na2S) solution followed by electrochemical activation.The rapid sulfurization of the Ni electrode in Na2S results in the formation of a Na2S layer,which can subsequently be converted to NiOOH upon electrochemical activation,thereby shielding the inner Ni electrode from corrosion.The as-prepared electrode (P-NiFe-LDH/Ni) based on the strategy demonstrated stability over 3,500 h at an industrial current density of 0.5 A cm^(-2)in a 0.5 M NaCl and 1 M KOH solution.This study presents an effective strategy to significantly enhance the stability of anodes for saline water electrolysis by effectively patching the cracks in the catalyst layer.
基金supported by Shiraz University of Medical Sciences,Shiraz,Iran(grant No.:17780).
文摘Due to the limited regeneration capacity of myocardial tissue after infarction,designing tissue engineering scaffolds are in demand.In the present study,electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds were made out of polyurethane,collagen and gold nanoparticles with random and aligned nanofiber morphologies.The nanoparticles were green-synthesized using saffron extract.Nanoparticle characterizations with UV-Vis.spectroscopy and DLS illustrated theoretical and hydrodynamic diameters of around 7 and 13 nm,respectively,having zeta potential of−37 mV.SEM and TEM micrographs showed the morphology and diameters of obtained nanofibers.Also,further characterization were done by ATR-FTIR,XRD and TGA investigations and degradation studies.Contact angle measurements showed hydrophilic nature of the scaffolds(59±0.6°for aligned PU/Col/Au50 nanofibers compared to 120±2.6°for random PU nanofibers).Mechanical testing demonstrated appropriate tensile properties of the scaffolds for cardiac tissue engineering(Young’s modulus:1.53±0.07 MPa for aligned PU/Col/Au50 nanofibers compared to 0.4±0.05 MPa for random PU nanofibers).Finally,alamar blue assay revealed proper survival of the cells of HUVEC cell line on the prepared scaffolds,where the highest percentages were observed for random and aligned PU/Col/Au50 nanofibers.According to the findings,the fabricated PU/Col/AuNPs nanofibrous scaffolds could be considered as potential cardiac patches.
基金supported by grants received by the first author and third author from the Institute of Eminence,Delhi University,Delhi,India,as part of the Faculty Research Program via Ref.No./IoE/2024-25/12/FRP.
文摘Software systems are vulnerable to security breaches as they expand in complexity and functionality.The confidentiality,integrity,and availability of data are gravely threatened by flaws in a system’s design,implementation,or configuration.To guarantee the durability&robustness of the software,vulnerability identification and fixation have become crucial areas of focus for developers,cybersecurity experts and industries.This paper presents a thorough multi-phase mathematical model for efficient patch management and vulnerability detection.To uniquely model these processes,the model incorporated the notion of the learning phenomenon in describing vulnerability fixation using a logistic learning function.Furthermore,the authors have used numerical methods to approximate the solution of the proposed framework where an analytical solution is difficult to attain.The suggested systematic architecture has been demonstrated through statistical analysis using patch datasets,which offers a solid basis for the research conclusions.According to computational research,learning dynamics improves security response and results in more effective vulnerability management.The suggested model offers a systematic approach to proactive vulnerability mitigation and has important uses in risk assessment,software maintenance,and cybersecurity.This study helps create more robust software systems by increasing patch management effectiveness,which benefits developers,cybersecurity experts,and sectors looking to reduce security threats in a growing digital world.
基金supported in part by the Gansu Haizhi Characteristic Demonstration Project(No.GSHZTS2022-2).
文摘Since the introduction of vision Transformers into the computer vision field,many vision tasks such as semantic segmentation tasks,have undergone radical changes.Although Transformer enhances the correlation of each local feature of an image object in the hidden space through the attention mechanism,it is difficult for a segmentation head to accomplish the mask prediction for dense embedding of multi-category and multi-local features.We present patch prototype vision Transformer(PPFormer),a Transformer architecture for semantic segmentation based on knowledge-embedded patch prototypes.1)The hierarchical Transformer encoder can generate multi-scale and multi-layered patch features including seamless patch projection to obtain information of multiscale patches,and feature-clustered self-attention to enhance the interplay of multi-layered visual information with implicit position encodes.2)PPFormer utilizes a non-parametric prototype decoder to extract region observations which represent significant parts of the objects by unlearnable patch prototypes and then calculate similarity between patch prototypes and pixel embeddings.The proposed contrasting patch prototype alignment module,which uses new patch prototypes to update prototype bank,effectively maintains class boundaries for prototypes.For different application scenarios,we have launched PPFormer-S,PPFormer-M and PPFormer-L by expanding the scale.Experimental results demonstrate that PPFormer can outperform fully convolutional networks(FCN)-and attention-based semantic segmentation models on the PASCAL VOC 2012,ADE20k,and Cityscapes datasets.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12402444)。
文摘A new dimensionless number is proposed for dynamic plastic deformation analysis of clamped circular plates under underwater explosion loads by introducing dimensional analysis method to the basic dynamical governing equations of circular plates.The relation between dimensionless final plastic deformation of circular plates and the new dimensionless number is established based on massive underwater explosion test data.Meanwhile,comparative analysis was discussed with two other published dimensionless parameters which indicated the new dimensionless number proposed in this paper is more effective and extensive to predict the dynamic plastic response of circular plates under underwater explosion condition.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Nos.7252285 and L246001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U21A20394 and 52305314)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFB4605800).
文摘Myocardial infarction(MI)is a challenging condition that results in scar formation on the ventricular wall,causing myocardial damage and ventricular thinning.Engineered cardiac patches(ECPs)designed to regenerate myocardial tissue have been proposed to repair the ventricular wall and replenish myocardial cells.However,their clinical use is limited by manufacturing and fixation challenges.This study introduces a manufacturing strategy for a composite ECP,which comprises an antiadhesion shell layer,a conductive myocardial tissue,and an exosome-laden microneedle substrate.The ECP can anchor to the infarcted myocardium through its microneedle substrate.Meanwhile,its outer shell prevents nonspecific adhesion,enabling stable and suture-free attachment.Using this microneedle substrate,we applied a 3D-printed ECP in a rat model of post-MI repair.Our results showed that this strategy reduced left ventricular damage,improved cardiac ejection fraction,decreased the fibrotic area,increased ventricular wall thickness,improved microvascular recovery,and thus facilitated the repair of maladaptive ventricular remodeling post-MI.This microneedle substrate holds great promise for use in the fixation of patches during the repair of myocardial tissue and other organs,thereby promoting the clinical application of tissue-engineered patches.
基金supported by the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFC2415900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62373182 and 52405619)+2 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2024M751300)supported by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant No.JCYJ20241202125417024)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2024A1515011915).
文摘Adhesive patches offer an effective approach for wound closure,making them highly suitable for biomedical applications.However,conventional patches often face limitations such as dual-sided adhesion,lack of shape adaptability,and limited maneuverability,which restrict their applications in deeper tissues.In this paper,we develop a magnetic patch robot(PatchBot),for targeted Janus adhesion with tissues.The PatchBot features a unique triple-layer structure,with adhesive,shape-morphing,and anti-adhesive layers,each fulfilling roles to support targeted attachment,enable shape transformation,and prevent unwanted adhesion to surrounding tissues.The Janus adhesion of the PatchBot was extensively demonstrated across a variety of tissues.A localized near-infrared(NIR)laser irradiation was used to induce programmable shape transformations.Magnetic actuation of the PatchBot for targeted adhesion was successfully demonstrated in ex vivo porcine stomach tissue.NIR light-activated shape-morphing and multimodal magnetic actuation significantly enhance its maneuverability and adaptability in confined in vivo environments while ensuring the structural integrity of the adhesive surface during deployment.This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the feasibility of using PatchBot for targeted wound adhesion,showing its potential for minimally invasive,precision therapies in complex in vivo environments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 42325404,42120104003,42204164,42474219 and U22A2006)the Chinese Meridian Project,the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant 183311KYSB20200003)+7 种基金Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grants ZR2022QD077,ZR2022MD034)the Stable-Support Scientific Project of China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation(Grant A132312191)the foundation of the National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment(Grant 6142403180204)the Chongqing Natural Science Foundation(Grants cstc2021ycjh-bgzxm0072,CSTB2023NSCQ-LZX0082)National Program on Key Basic Research Project(Grant 2022173-SD-1)The work in Norway is supported by the Research Council of Norway Grant 326039Work at UCLA has been supported by NSF grant AGS-2055192This research was supported by the International Space Science Institute(ISSI)in Bern and Beijing,through ISSI International Team project#511(Multi-Scale Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere Interaction).
文摘This paper is a statistical survey of Southern Hemisphere cold and hot polar cap patches,in relation to the interplanetary magnetic field(IMF)and ionospheric convection geometry.A total of 11,946 patch events were identified by Defense Meteorological Satellite Program(DMSP)F16 during the years 2011 to 2022.A temperature ratio of ion/electron temperature(T_(i)/T_(e))<0.68 is recommended to define a hot patch in the Southern Hemisphere,otherwise it is defined as a cold patch.The cold and hot patches have different dependencies on IMF clock angle,while their dependencies on IMF cone angle are similar.Both cold and hot patches appear most often on the duskside,and the distribution of cold patches gradually decreases from the dayside to the nightside,while hot patches have a higher occurrence rate near 14 and 21 magnetic local time(MLT).Moreover,we compared the key plasma characteristics of polar cap cold and hot patches in the Southern and Northern Hemispheres.The intensity of the duskside upward field-aligned current of patches in the Southern Hemisphere(SH)is stronger than that in the Northern Hemisphere(SH),which may be due to the discrepancy in conductivities between the two hemispheres,caused by the tilted dipole.In both hemispheres,the downward soft-electron energy flux of the dawnside patches is significantly greater than that of the duskside patches.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the intervention effect of childlike nursing combined with Chinese herbal patching on pediatric bronchopneumonia.Methods:1036 children with bronchopneumonia(one family member included for each child)who were admitted to the hospital between January 2024 and June 2024 were selected and randomly divided into two groups using a random number table.The combined group received childlike nursing combined with Chinese herbal patching,while the control group received routine nursing.Symptom recovery time,treatment compliance,inflammatory factor levels,quality of life of the children,and family satisfaction were compared between the two groups.Results:The symptom recovery time in the combined group was shorter than that in the control group,treatment compliance was higher,inflammatory factor levels after intervention were lower,quality of life scores of the children were lower,and family satisfaction was higher(P<0.05).Conclusion:The implementation of childlike nursing combined with Chinese herbal patching for children with bronchopneumonia can shorten their symptom recovery time,significantly improve treatment compliance and quality of life,reduce inflammatory reactions,and achieve high satisfaction among family members.
基金funded by Basic Research Program of Jiangsu under grant BK20252030。
文摘Considering the environmental sustainability,the ceramic substrate is preferred in conventional global navigation satellite system(GNSS)antennas.However,the high-density ceramic increases the antennas'mass,and bandwidth of the GNSS antenna is narrowed by the high permittivity of ceramic.To solve these issues,a compact,lightweight circularly polarized(CP),transmitting(Tx)and receiving(Rx)integrated antenna was proposed for the lightweight and wide-bandwidth GNSS communications antennas.A hollowing sandwich layer was used to balance the bandwidth and weight performance.By optimizing hollowed dimensions,a lightweight and wide bandwidth GNSS antenna could be achieved.Both Tx-Rx antennas were integrated into a printed circuit board(PCB),minimizing the satellite installation space.Simulations and measurements are conducted.The results show that the operating frequency band around 1.6 GHz(Tx)and around 1.5 GHz(Rx),with realized gains 3 dBi(Tx)and 2.5 dBi(Rx).The total mass of the proposed antenna is around 59 g within a compact space of 50 mm×50 mm×10 mm.The proposed CP GNSS antennas show excellent performance in size,mass,and bandwidth,which can be a potential solution for the micro-nano satellite-ground communications.
