Partial amphiploids created by crossing common wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） and Thinopyrum ponticum （Podp.） Barkworth ＆ D. R. Dewey are important intermediates in wheat breeding because of their resistance to maj...Partial amphiploids created by crossing common wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） and Thinopyrum ponticum （Podp.） Barkworth ＆ D. R. Dewey are important intermediates in wheat breeding because of their resistance to major wheat diseases. In this study, we examined the chromosome compositions of five Xiaoyan-series wheat-Th, ponticum partial amphiploids （Xiaoyan 68, Xiaoyan 693, Xiaoyan 784, Xiaoyan 7430, and Xiaoyan 7631） using GISH, multicolor-GISH, and multicolor-FISH. We found several chromosome changes in these lines. For example, wheat chromosomes 1B and 2B were added in Xiaoyan 68 and Xiaoyan 7430, respectively, while wheat chromosome 6B was eliminated from Xiaoyan 693 and Xiaoyan 7631. Chromosome rearrangements were also detected in these amphiploids, including an interspecific translocation involving chromosome 4D and some intergenomic translocations, such as A--B and A--D translocations, among wheat genomes. Analysis of the Th. ponticum chromosomes in the amphiploids showed that some lines shared the same alien chromosomes. We also evaluated these partial amphiploids for resistance to nine races of stem rust, including TTKSK （commonly known as Ug99）. Three lines, Xiaoyan 68, Xiaoyan 784, and Xiaoyan 7430, exhibited excellent resistance to all nine races, and could therefore be valuable sources of stem rust resistance in wheat breeding.展开更多
As a staple food crop for one-third of the world＇s population, common wheat （Triticum aestivum L., 2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD） plays an important role in humans＇ food security. However, the genetic variation of cultivat...As a staple food crop for one-third of the world＇s population, common wheat （Triticum aestivum L., 2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD） plays an important role in humans＇ food security. However, the genetic variation of cultivated wheat has been dramatically narrowed by genetic erosion under the modem cultivation system, resulting in vulnerability to biotic and abiotic stresses （Jiang et al., 1994; Friebe et al., 1996）. The wild relatives of wheat represent a large reservoir of superior genes, and transferring these alien genes to modem cultivars through chromosome engineering is a successful method of broadening the genetic diversity of wheat （Chen et al., 2003;展开更多
The wild relatives of wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） contain tremendous amounts of potentially useful genes and represent a promising source of genetic diversity for wheat improvement （Bommineni and Jauhar, 1997）. T...The wild relatives of wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） contain tremendous amounts of potentially useful genes and represent a promising source of genetic diversity for wheat improvement （Bommineni and Jauhar, 1997）. Thinopyrum ponticum （Popd.） Barkworth and D. R. Dewey [syn. Agropyron elongatum （Host） P. Beauv., Elytrigia pontica （Podp.） Holub, Lophopy- rum ponticum （Podp.） A. L6ve] （2n = 10x = 70）, has high crossability with various Triticum species. Numerous studies have shown that Th. ponticum carries many potentially valu- able resistance genes against biotic and abiotic stresses （Shannon, 1978; Cox, 1991; Zheng et al., 2014a,b）. Transferring the useful genes from Th. ponticum to common wheat through chromosome engineering had been a successful way to enhance the resistance of wheat to pests and diseases （Sharma et al., 1989; McIntosh, 1991）.展开更多
: Wide cross and molecular cytogenetic methods were used to transfer the powdery mildew resistance gene from Thinopyron intermedium(Host) Barkworth & DR Dewey to wheat. Among the progeny of crossing common wheat (...: Wide cross and molecular cytogenetic methods were used to transfer the powdery mildew resistance gene from Thinopyron intermedium(Host) Barkworth & DR Dewey to wheat. Among the progeny of crossing common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Yannong 15 with Th. intermedium, a partial amphiploid E990256, with resistance to powdery mildew, was developed. It had 56 chromosomes and could form 28 bivalents in pollen mother cells at metaphase I of meiosis. Resistance verification by race 15 at the seedling stage and by mixed strains of Erysiphales gramnis DC. f. sp. tritici Em. Marchal at the adult stage showed it was immune to powdery mildew at both stages. Gene postulation via 21 isolates of E. gramnis f. sp. tritici and 29 differential hosts showed it was nearly immune to all the isolates used, and its resistance pattern was different from all the mildew resistance genes used, which indicated it probably contained a new resistance gene to powdery mildew. Biochemical verification showed it might convey different Th. intermedium chromosomes from those of the wheat- Th. intermedium partial amphiploids Zhong 1–5. Genomic in situ hybridization analysis by using St genomic DNA as the probe showed E990256 contained a recombination genome of St and E.展开更多
基金supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31171539)the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China(No.2011AA1001)the National Key Technology R&D Program of China(No.2013BAD05B01)
文摘Partial amphiploids created by crossing common wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） and Thinopyrum ponticum （Podp.） Barkworth ＆ D. R. Dewey are important intermediates in wheat breeding because of their resistance to major wheat diseases. In this study, we examined the chromosome compositions of five Xiaoyan-series wheat-Th, ponticum partial amphiploids （Xiaoyan 68, Xiaoyan 693, Xiaoyan 784, Xiaoyan 7430, and Xiaoyan 7631） using GISH, multicolor-GISH, and multicolor-FISH. We found several chromosome changes in these lines. For example, wheat chromosomes 1B and 2B were added in Xiaoyan 68 and Xiaoyan 7430, respectively, while wheat chromosome 6B was eliminated from Xiaoyan 693 and Xiaoyan 7631. Chromosome rearrangements were also detected in these amphiploids, including an interspecific translocation involving chromosome 4D and some intergenomic translocations, such as A--B and A--D translocations, among wheat genomes. Analysis of the Th. ponticum chromosomes in the amphiploids showed that some lines shared the same alien chromosomes. We also evaluated these partial amphiploids for resistance to nine races of stem rust, including TTKSK （commonly known as Ug99）. Three lines, Xiaoyan 68, Xiaoyan 784, and Xiaoyan 7430, exhibited excellent resistance to all nine races, and could therefore be valuable sources of stem rust resistance in wheat breeding.
基金supported by a grant from the National High Technology Research and Development Program("863" Program) of China(No. 2011AA100103)
文摘As a staple food crop for one-third of the world＇s population, common wheat （Triticum aestivum L., 2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD） plays an important role in humans＇ food security. However, the genetic variation of cultivated wheat has been dramatically narrowed by genetic erosion under the modem cultivation system, resulting in vulnerability to biotic and abiotic stresses （Jiang et al., 1994; Friebe et al., 1996）. The wild relatives of wheat represent a large reservoir of superior genes, and transferring these alien genes to modem cultivars through chromosome engineering is a successful method of broadening the genetic diversity of wheat （Chen et al., 2003;
基金supported by the grants from the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (No. 2011AA1001)the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (No. 2013BAD05B01)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31171539)
文摘The wild relatives of wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） contain tremendous amounts of potentially useful genes and represent a promising source of genetic diversity for wheat improvement （Bommineni and Jauhar, 1997）. Thinopyrum ponticum （Popd.） Barkworth and D. R. Dewey [syn. Agropyron elongatum （Host） P. Beauv., Elytrigia pontica （Podp.） Holub, Lophopy- rum ponticum （Podp.） A. L6ve] （2n = 10x = 70）, has high crossability with various Triticum species. Numerous studies have shown that Th. ponticum carries many potentially valu- able resistance genes against biotic and abiotic stresses （Shannon, 1978; Cox, 1991; Zheng et al., 2014a,b）. Transferring the useful genes from Th. ponticum to common wheat through chromosome engineering had been a successful way to enhance the resistance of wheat to pests and diseases （Sharma et al., 1989; McIntosh, 1991）.
文摘: Wide cross and molecular cytogenetic methods were used to transfer the powdery mildew resistance gene from Thinopyron intermedium(Host) Barkworth & DR Dewey to wheat. Among the progeny of crossing common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Yannong 15 with Th. intermedium, a partial amphiploid E990256, with resistance to powdery mildew, was developed. It had 56 chromosomes and could form 28 bivalents in pollen mother cells at metaphase I of meiosis. Resistance verification by race 15 at the seedling stage and by mixed strains of Erysiphales gramnis DC. f. sp. tritici Em. Marchal at the adult stage showed it was immune to powdery mildew at both stages. Gene postulation via 21 isolates of E. gramnis f. sp. tritici and 29 differential hosts showed it was nearly immune to all the isolates used, and its resistance pattern was different from all the mildew resistance genes used, which indicated it probably contained a new resistance gene to powdery mildew. Biochemical verification showed it might convey different Th. intermedium chromosomes from those of the wheat- Th. intermedium partial amphiploids Zhong 1–5. Genomic in situ hybridization analysis by using St genomic DNA as the probe showed E990256 contained a recombination genome of St and E.
