准确模拟水分胁迫并揭示其对作物生长发育过程的影响,是作物模型应用于田间研究和干旱影响评估的关键。该研究将3种主流水分胁迫算法整合到一个标准平台中,组成土壤含水率模型(average Soil Water Content,SWC)、土壤水分供需比模型(Wat...准确模拟水分胁迫并揭示其对作物生长发育过程的影响,是作物模型应用于田间研究和干旱影响评估的关键。该研究将3种主流水分胁迫算法整合到一个标准平台中,组成土壤含水率模型(average Soil Water Content,SWC)、土壤水分供需比模型(Water Supply to Demand ratio,WS/WD)和相对蒸腾模型(Actual to Potential Transpiration ratio,AT/PT)共3种水分胁迫模拟模型。利用河北吴桥2017—2019年冬小麦水分试验田间观测数据结合2008—2009和2013—2016年水分试验文献资料对模型平台进行参数校准与验证。结果表明,3种模型的模拟结果与实测值均吻合良好,地上部生物量、土壤含水率和产量的归一化均方根误差(Normalized Root Mean Squared Error,NRMSE)分别为14.0%~16.5%、5.1%~8.8%和5.4%~7.7%。3种水分胁迫模型模拟的生长季水分亏缺出现的时间和严重程度不同,但模拟的水分胁迫因子年际间变化一致。雨养条件下,生长季降水量分别决定了SWC、WS/WD和AT/PT模型模拟的年际间水分胁迫因子变异的56%、56%和39%。灌水对产量具有促进作用,但灌水量增加会导致灌水利用效率下降。SWC、WS/WD和AT/PT模型模拟枯水年灌四水(底墒水+起身水+孕穗水+开花水)处理的产量较不灌水分别高163%、132%和92%,灌四水处理的灌水利用效率较灌一水(底墒水)处理分别低26.8%、12.3%和40.0%。在吴桥县冬小麦水分管理决策中,WS/WD模型最优,SWC模型次之,AP/TP模型较差。研究结果可为提升作物模型在冬小麦干旱影响评估和水分管理方面的可信度提供参考。展开更多
Traditional artificial neural networks （ANN） such as back-propagation neural networks （BPNN） provide good predictions of length-of-day （LOD）. However, the determination of network topology is difficult and time ...Traditional artificial neural networks （ANN） such as back-propagation neural networks （BPNN） provide good predictions of length-of-day （LOD）. However, the determination of network topology is difficult and time consuming. Therefore, we propose a new type of neural network, extreme learning machine （ELM）, to improve the efficiency of LOD predictions. Earth orientation parameters （EOP） C04 time-series provides daily values from International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service （IERS）, which serves as our database. First, the known predictable effects that can be described by functional models-such as the effects of solid earth, ocean tides, or seasonal atmospheric variations--are removed a priori from the C04 time-series. Only the residuals after the subtraction of a priori model from the observed LOD data （i.e., the irregular and quasi-periodic variations） are employed for training and predictions. The predicted LOD is the sum of a prior extrapolation model and the ELM predictions of the residuals. Different input patterns are discussed and compared to optimize the network solution. The prediction results are analyzed and compared with those obtained by other machine learning-based prediction methods, including BPNN, generalization regression neural networks （GRNN）, and adaptive network-based fuzzy inference systems （ANFIS）. It is shown that while achieving similar prediction accuracy, the developed method uses much less training time than other methods. Furthermore, to conduct a direct comparison with the existing prediction tech- niques, the mean-absolute-error （MAE） from the proposed method is compared with that from the EOP prediction comparison campaign （EOP PCC）. The results indicate that the accuracy of the proposed method is comparable with that of the former techniques. The implementation of the proposed method is simple.展开更多
文摘准确模拟水分胁迫并揭示其对作物生长发育过程的影响,是作物模型应用于田间研究和干旱影响评估的关键。该研究将3种主流水分胁迫算法整合到一个标准平台中,组成土壤含水率模型(average Soil Water Content,SWC)、土壤水分供需比模型(Water Supply to Demand ratio,WS/WD)和相对蒸腾模型(Actual to Potential Transpiration ratio,AT/PT)共3种水分胁迫模拟模型。利用河北吴桥2017—2019年冬小麦水分试验田间观测数据结合2008—2009和2013—2016年水分试验文献资料对模型平台进行参数校准与验证。结果表明,3种模型的模拟结果与实测值均吻合良好,地上部生物量、土壤含水率和产量的归一化均方根误差(Normalized Root Mean Squared Error,NRMSE)分别为14.0%~16.5%、5.1%~8.8%和5.4%~7.7%。3种水分胁迫模型模拟的生长季水分亏缺出现的时间和严重程度不同,但模拟的水分胁迫因子年际间变化一致。雨养条件下,生长季降水量分别决定了SWC、WS/WD和AT/PT模型模拟的年际间水分胁迫因子变异的56%、56%和39%。灌水对产量具有促进作用,但灌水量增加会导致灌水利用效率下降。SWC、WS/WD和AT/PT模型模拟枯水年灌四水(底墒水+起身水+孕穗水+开花水)处理的产量较不灌水分别高163%、132%和92%,灌四水处理的灌水利用效率较灌一水(底墒水)处理分别低26.8%、12.3%和40.0%。在吴桥县冬小麦水分管理决策中,WS/WD模型最优,SWC模型次之,AP/TP模型较差。研究结果可为提升作物模型在冬小麦干旱影响评估和水分管理方面的可信度提供参考。
基金supported by the West Light Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Traditional artificial neural networks （ANN） such as back-propagation neural networks （BPNN） provide good predictions of length-of-day （LOD）. However, the determination of network topology is difficult and time consuming. Therefore, we propose a new type of neural network, extreme learning machine （ELM）, to improve the efficiency of LOD predictions. Earth orientation parameters （EOP） C04 time-series provides daily values from International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service （IERS）, which serves as our database. First, the known predictable effects that can be described by functional models-such as the effects of solid earth, ocean tides, or seasonal atmospheric variations--are removed a priori from the C04 time-series. Only the residuals after the subtraction of a priori model from the observed LOD data （i.e., the irregular and quasi-periodic variations） are employed for training and predictions. The predicted LOD is the sum of a prior extrapolation model and the ELM predictions of the residuals. Different input patterns are discussed and compared to optimize the network solution. The prediction results are analyzed and compared with those obtained by other machine learning-based prediction methods, including BPNN, generalization regression neural networks （GRNN）, and adaptive network-based fuzzy inference systems （ANFIS）. It is shown that while achieving similar prediction accuracy, the developed method uses much less training time than other methods. Furthermore, to conduct a direct comparison with the existing prediction tech- niques, the mean-absolute-error （MAE） from the proposed method is compared with that from the EOP prediction comparison campaign （EOP PCC）. The results indicate that the accuracy of the proposed method is comparable with that of the former techniques. The implementation of the proposed method is simple.
