Pancreatic endocrine tumors are rare but are among the most common neuroendocrine neoplasms of the abdomen.At diagnosis many of them are already advanced and diff icult to treat.We report on an initially inoperable ma...Pancreatic endocrine tumors are rare but are among the most common neuroendocrine neoplasms of the abdomen.At diagnosis many of them are already advanced and diff icult to treat.We report on an initially inoperable malignant pancreatic endocrine tumor in a 33-year-old woman,who received neoadjuvant peptide receptor radionuclide therapy(PRRT)as firstline treatment.This resulted in a signif icant downstaging of the tumor and allowed its subsequent complete surgical removal.Follow-up for eighteen months revealed a complete remission.This is the first report on neoadjuvant PRRT in a neuroendocrine neoplasm with subsequent successful complete resection.展开更多
Spontaneous tumor regression has been subject of numerous studies and speculations for many years. This phenomenon is exceptional, but well reported, in some types of tumors, but not in pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic c...Spontaneous tumor regression has been subject of numerous studies and speculations for many years. This phenomenon is exceptional, but well reported, in some types of tumors, but not in pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic cancer has the worst five-year survival rate of any cancer. Despite numerous molecular studies and clinical approaches, using several mouse models, this cancer responds poorly to the existing chemotherapeutic agents and progress on treatment remains elusive. Although pancreatic cancer tumors seldom undergo spontaneous regression, and some authors take that with skepticism, there are some cases reported in the literature. However, the variability in the description of the reports and technical details could make this process susceptible to misdiagnosis. Distinguishing between different types of pancreatic carcinoma should be taken with caution as they have wide differences in malignant potential. Diseases such as pancreatic benign tumors, insulinomas, or autoimmune pancreatitis could be responsible for this misdiagnosis as a pancreatic cancer. Here we review different cases reported, their clinical characteristics, and possible mechanisms leading to spontaneous regression of pancreatic cancer. We also discuss the possibilities of misdiagnosis.展开更多
Acute post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis(PEP)is a feared and potentially fatal complication that can be as high as up to 30%in high-risk patients.Pre-examination measures,during the exami...Acute post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis(PEP)is a feared and potentially fatal complication that can be as high as up to 30%in high-risk patients.Pre-examination measures,during the examination and after the examination are the key to technical and clinical success with a decrease in adverse events.Several studies have debated on the subject,however,numerous topics remain controversial,such as the effectiveness of prophylactic medications and the amylase dosage time.This review was designed to provide an update on the current scientific evidence regarding PEP available in the literature.展开更多
AIM： To clarify whether the incidence of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography （ERCP） pancreatitis （PEP） after pancreatic guidewire placement （PGW） can be reduced by using a different cannulation ...AIM： To clarify whether the incidence of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography （ERCP） pancreatitis （PEP） after pancreatic guidewire placement （PGW） can be reduced by using a different cannulation method. METHODS： BebNeen April 2001 and October 2009, PGW was performed in 142 patients with native papilla to overcome difficult biliary cannulation. Our cannulation method for ERCP was changed from contrast injection （CI） using a single-lumen catheter （April 2001-May 2008） to wire-guided cannulation （WGC） using a double-lumen catheter （June 2008-October 2009）. The CI protocol was also changed during the study period： in the first period it was used for routine pancreatography for detecting small pancreatic cancer （April 2001-November 2002）, whereas in the second period it was not （December 2002-May 2008）. In PGW with CI using a single- lumen catheter, the contrast medium in the catheter lumen was injected into the pancreatic duct. The success rate of biliary cannulation, the incidence of PEP according to the cannulation method, and the impact of CI using a single-lumen catheter on PEP in comparison with WGC using a double-lumen catheter were investigated.RESULTS： CI with routine pancreatography, CI without routine pancreatography, and WGC were performed in 27 patients, 77 patients and 38 patients, respectively. Routine pancreatography did not contribute to the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer in our study period. In CI without routine pancreatography and WGC, diagnostic pancreatography was performed in 17 patients and no patients, respectively. The success rate of biliary cannulation by PGW alone was 69%, and the final success rate was increased to 80.3% by the addition of consecutive maneuvers or a second ERCP. PEP occurred in 22 patients （15.5%）, and the severity was mild in all cases. When analyzed according to cannulation method, the incidence of PEP was 37.0% （10/27） in the patients who underwent CI with routine pancreatography, 14.3% （11/77） in those who underwent CI without routine pancreatography, and 2.6% （1/38） in those who underwent WGC. In all patients who underwent CI using a singlelumen catheter, the incidence of PEP was 20% （21/104）, which was significantly higher than that in WGC using a double-lumen catheter. In univariate and multivariate analysis, CI using a single-lumen catheter showed a high, statistically significant, odds ratio for PEP after PGW. CONCLUSION： The practice of a cannulation method involving the use of a double-lumen catheter minimizes the CI dose administered to the pancreatic duct and reduces the incidence of PEP after PGW.展开更多
A possible role for Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infec-tion in pancreatic diseases remains controversial. H. pylori infection with antral predomination leading to an increase in pancreatic bicarbonate output and ind...A possible role for Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infec-tion in pancreatic diseases remains controversial. H. pylori infection with antral predomination leading to an increase in pancreatic bicarbonate output and induc-ing ductal epithelial cell proliferation could contribute to the development of pancreatic cancer via complex interactions with the ABO genotype, dietary and smok-ing habits and N-nitrosamine exposure of the host. Although the individual study data available so far is inconsistent, several meta-analyses have reported an increased risk for pancreatic cancer among H. pylori seropositive individuals. It has been suggested that H. pylori causes autoimmune pancreatitis due to molecu-lar mimicry between H. pylori a-carbonic anhydrase(a-CA) and human CA type Ⅱ, and between H. pylori plasminogen-binding protein and human ubiquitin-protein ligase E3 component n-recognin 2, enzymes that are highly expressed in the pancreatic ductal andacinar cells, respectively. Future studies involving large numbers of cases are needed in order to examine the role of H. pylori in autoimmune pancreatitis more fully. Considering the worldwide pancreatic cancer burden, as well as the association between autoimmune pan-creatitis and other autoimmune conditions, a complete elucidation of the role played by H. pylori in the gen-esis of such conditions could have a substantial impact on healthcare.展开更多
CA242 is a novel tumorassociated antigen, which has been suggested as a potential candidate for a serum tumor marker in pancreatic cancer[1.2], It may be useful because of its higher specificity[3]. The present study ...CA242 is a novel tumorassociated antigen, which has been suggested as a potential candidate for a serum tumor marker in pancreatic cancer[1.2], It may be useful because of its higher specificity[3]. The present study is a clinical evaluation of the value of serial measurements of CA242 levels in determining the size and the resectability in patients with pancreatic cancer. 26 patients (12 men and 14 women, average age: 54. 4 years) with histologically proven pancreatic cancer were studied. There was a significant positive correlation between the largest diameters and the serum levels of CA242 (P<0. 005). Serum levels of CA242 in 5 patients with resectable pancreatic cancer were significantly lower than those in 21patients with the unresectable (P <0.05), The serum CA242 levels in 5 patients who underwent resection of pancreatic cancers decreased sharply after resection (P <0.05). However, no significant changes of CA242 levels in 6 patients with the unresectable who underwent only biliary bypass were found after operation (PTh 0. 5). The CA242 tumor marker is sialylated carbohydrate antigen, which firstwas isolated in 1985 by Lindholm et al[4].A tumor marker ought to demonstrate in-creasing values if tumor load becomesgreater. Serial examinations of serum lev-els of CA242 in the patients with pacreaticcancer apparently reflect the tumor bur-den. The CA242 serum level provides auseful indicator for the effective treatmentof pancreatic cancer.展开更多
文摘Pancreatic endocrine tumors are rare but are among the most common neuroendocrine neoplasms of the abdomen.At diagnosis many of them are already advanced and diff icult to treat.We report on an initially inoperable malignant pancreatic endocrine tumor in a 33-year-old woman,who received neoadjuvant peptide receptor radionuclide therapy(PRRT)as firstline treatment.This resulted in a signif icant downstaging of the tumor and allowed its subsequent complete surgical removal.Follow-up for eighteen months revealed a complete remission.This is the first report on neoadjuvant PRRT in a neuroendocrine neoplasm with subsequent successful complete resection.
文摘Spontaneous tumor regression has been subject of numerous studies and speculations for many years. This phenomenon is exceptional, but well reported, in some types of tumors, but not in pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic cancer has the worst five-year survival rate of any cancer. Despite numerous molecular studies and clinical approaches, using several mouse models, this cancer responds poorly to the existing chemotherapeutic agents and progress on treatment remains elusive. Although pancreatic cancer tumors seldom undergo spontaneous regression, and some authors take that with skepticism, there are some cases reported in the literature. However, the variability in the description of the reports and technical details could make this process susceptible to misdiagnosis. Distinguishing between different types of pancreatic carcinoma should be taken with caution as they have wide differences in malignant potential. Diseases such as pancreatic benign tumors, insulinomas, or autoimmune pancreatitis could be responsible for this misdiagnosis as a pancreatic cancer. Here we review different cases reported, their clinical characteristics, and possible mechanisms leading to spontaneous regression of pancreatic cancer. We also discuss the possibilities of misdiagnosis.
文摘Acute post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis(PEP)is a feared and potentially fatal complication that can be as high as up to 30%in high-risk patients.Pre-examination measures,during the examination and after the examination are the key to technical and clinical success with a decrease in adverse events.Several studies have debated on the subject,however,numerous topics remain controversial,such as the effectiveness of prophylactic medications and the amylase dosage time.This review was designed to provide an update on the current scientific evidence regarding PEP available in the literature.
文摘AIM： To clarify whether the incidence of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography （ERCP） pancreatitis （PEP） after pancreatic guidewire placement （PGW） can be reduced by using a different cannulation method. METHODS： BebNeen April 2001 and October 2009, PGW was performed in 142 patients with native papilla to overcome difficult biliary cannulation. Our cannulation method for ERCP was changed from contrast injection （CI） using a single-lumen catheter （April 2001-May 2008） to wire-guided cannulation （WGC） using a double-lumen catheter （June 2008-October 2009）. The CI protocol was also changed during the study period： in the first period it was used for routine pancreatography for detecting small pancreatic cancer （April 2001-November 2002）, whereas in the second period it was not （December 2002-May 2008）. In PGW with CI using a single- lumen catheter, the contrast medium in the catheter lumen was injected into the pancreatic duct. The success rate of biliary cannulation, the incidence of PEP according to the cannulation method, and the impact of CI using a single-lumen catheter on PEP in comparison with WGC using a double-lumen catheter were investigated.RESULTS： CI with routine pancreatography, CI without routine pancreatography, and WGC were performed in 27 patients, 77 patients and 38 patients, respectively. Routine pancreatography did not contribute to the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer in our study period. In CI without routine pancreatography and WGC, diagnostic pancreatography was performed in 17 patients and no patients, respectively. The success rate of biliary cannulation by PGW alone was 69%, and the final success rate was increased to 80.3% by the addition of consecutive maneuvers or a second ERCP. PEP occurred in 22 patients （15.5%）, and the severity was mild in all cases. When analyzed according to cannulation method, the incidence of PEP was 37.0% （10/27） in the patients who underwent CI with routine pancreatography, 14.3% （11/77） in those who underwent CI without routine pancreatography, and 2.6% （1/38） in those who underwent WGC. In all patients who underwent CI using a singlelumen catheter, the incidence of PEP was 20% （21/104）, which was significantly higher than that in WGC using a double-lumen catheter. In univariate and multivariate analysis, CI using a single-lumen catheter showed a high, statistically significant, odds ratio for PEP after PGW. CONCLUSION： The practice of a cannulation method involving the use of a double-lumen catheter minimizes the CI dose administered to the pancreatic duct and reduces the incidence of PEP after PGW.
文摘A possible role for Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infec-tion in pancreatic diseases remains controversial. H. pylori infection with antral predomination leading to an increase in pancreatic bicarbonate output and induc-ing ductal epithelial cell proliferation could contribute to the development of pancreatic cancer via complex interactions with the ABO genotype, dietary and smok-ing habits and N-nitrosamine exposure of the host. Although the individual study data available so far is inconsistent, several meta-analyses have reported an increased risk for pancreatic cancer among H. pylori seropositive individuals. It has been suggested that H. pylori causes autoimmune pancreatitis due to molecu-lar mimicry between H. pylori a-carbonic anhydrase(a-CA) and human CA type Ⅱ, and between H. pylori plasminogen-binding protein and human ubiquitin-protein ligase E3 component n-recognin 2, enzymes that are highly expressed in the pancreatic ductal andacinar cells, respectively. Future studies involving large numbers of cases are needed in order to examine the role of H. pylori in autoimmune pancreatitis more fully. Considering the worldwide pancreatic cancer burden, as well as the association between autoimmune pan-creatitis and other autoimmune conditions, a complete elucidation of the role played by H. pylori in the gen-esis of such conditions could have a substantial impact on healthcare.
文摘CA242 is a novel tumorassociated antigen, which has been suggested as a potential candidate for a serum tumor marker in pancreatic cancer[1.2], It may be useful because of its higher specificity[3]. The present study is a clinical evaluation of the value of serial measurements of CA242 levels in determining the size and the resectability in patients with pancreatic cancer. 26 patients (12 men and 14 women, average age: 54. 4 years) with histologically proven pancreatic cancer were studied. There was a significant positive correlation between the largest diameters and the serum levels of CA242 (P<0. 005). Serum levels of CA242 in 5 patients with resectable pancreatic cancer were significantly lower than those in 21patients with the unresectable (P <0.05), The serum CA242 levels in 5 patients who underwent resection of pancreatic cancers decreased sharply after resection (P <0.05). However, no significant changes of CA242 levels in 6 patients with the unresectable who underwent only biliary bypass were found after operation (PTh 0. 5). The CA242 tumor marker is sialylated carbohydrate antigen, which firstwas isolated in 1985 by Lindholm et al[4].A tumor marker ought to demonstrate in-creasing values if tumor load becomesgreater. Serial examinations of serum lev-els of CA242 in the patients with pacreaticcancer apparently reflect the tumor bur-den. The CA242 serum level provides auseful indicator for the effective treatmentof pancreatic cancer.
