We collected, processed, identified, and analyzed the spores and pollen samples from the Zhuanchengzi Bed of the Yixian Formation in the Yingwoshan area of western Liaoning. As a result, we confirm a palynomorph assem...We collected, processed, identified, and analyzed the spores and pollen samples from the Zhuanchengzi Bed of the Yixian Formation in the Yingwoshan area of western Liaoning. As a result, we confirm a palynomorph assemblage of Cicatri- cosisporites-Protoconiferus. The pollen was primarily from gymnosperms, dominated especially by conifer pollen. Pterido- phyte spores were less common and some questionable angiosperm pollen occurred occasionally. The age of the palynomorph assemblage is dated as the late Valanginian or Hauterivian-Barrernian stage, the Early Cretaceous. The study applies the con- cept of Palynological Vegetation based on palynological spectra and the paleoecological characteristics of palynological taxa for the first time. Palynological vegetation type, climatic zone type, and humidity type are divided quantitatively for the Zhuanchengzi Bed in the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning. We then obtained the evolutionary trends. The results showed that the overall climate was warm and humid during the deposition period of the Zhuanchengzi Bed in the Yixian Formation. Palynological vegetation types are various and include coniferous forest, deciduous broadleaf forest, evergreen broad-leaved forest, grass, and shrubs. The local temperature changed from warm to much warmer and from a semi-humid to humid climate. Palynological vegetation types are always dominated by coniferous forest. The coexistence of deciduous broad-leaved forest, evergreen broad-leaved forest, shrubs, grass, and some xerophytic plants indicates vertical zonation and seasonal climate change The vertical vegetation types and the warm humid climate may imply a large geomorphological contrast in the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning.展开更多
Hydrologic reconstructions from North America are largely unknown for the Middle Miocene.Examination of fungal palynomorph assemblages coupled with traditional plant-based palynology permits delineation of local,as op...Hydrologic reconstructions from North America are largely unknown for the Middle Miocene.Examination of fungal palynomorph assemblages coupled with traditional plant-based palynology permits delineation of local,as opposed to regional,climate signals and provides a baseline for study of ancient fungas.Here,the Fungi in a Warmer World project presents paleoecology and paleoclimatology of 351 fungal morphotypes from 3 sites in the United States:the Clarkia Konservat-Lagerstatte site(ldaho),the Alum Bluff site(Florida),and the Bouie River site(Mississippi).Of these,83 fungi are identified as extant taxa and 41 are newly reported from the Miocene.Combining new plant-based paleoclimatic reconstructions with funga-based paleoclimate reconstructions,we demonstrate cooling and hydrologic changes from the Miocene climate optimum to the Serravallian.In the southeastern United States,this is comparable to that reconstructed with pollen and paleobotany alone In the northwestern United States,cooling is greater than indicated by other reconstructions and hydrology shifts seasonally,from no dry season to a dry summer season.Our results demonstrate the utility of fossil fungi as paleoecologic and paleoclimatic proxies and that warmer than modern geological time intervals do not match the"wet gets wetter,dry gets drier"paradigm.Instead,both plants and fungi show an invigorated hydrological cycle across mid-latitude North America.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41172003)National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2012CB821905)Education Department Programs of Liaoning(Grant Nos.L2013105,L2013450)
文摘We collected, processed, identified, and analyzed the spores and pollen samples from the Zhuanchengzi Bed of the Yixian Formation in the Yingwoshan area of western Liaoning. As a result, we confirm a palynomorph assemblage of Cicatri- cosisporites-Protoconiferus. The pollen was primarily from gymnosperms, dominated especially by conifer pollen. Pterido- phyte spores were less common and some questionable angiosperm pollen occurred occasionally. The age of the palynomorph assemblage is dated as the late Valanginian or Hauterivian-Barrernian stage, the Early Cretaceous. The study applies the con- cept of Palynological Vegetation based on palynological spectra and the paleoecological characteristics of palynological taxa for the first time. Palynological vegetation type, climatic zone type, and humidity type are divided quantitatively for the Zhuanchengzi Bed in the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning. We then obtained the evolutionary trends. The results showed that the overall climate was warm and humid during the deposition period of the Zhuanchengzi Bed in the Yixian Formation. Palynological vegetation types are various and include coniferous forest, deciduous broadleaf forest, evergreen broad-leaved forest, grass, and shrubs. The local temperature changed from warm to much warmer and from a semi-humid to humid climate. Palynological vegetation types are always dominated by coniferous forest. The coexistence of deciduous broad-leaved forest, evergreen broad-leaved forest, shrubs, grass, and some xerophytic plants indicates vertical zonation and seasonal climate change The vertical vegetation types and the warm humid climate may imply a large geomorphological contrast in the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning.
基金supported by the Richard A.Walls Geological Research Fund through the Morehead State University Foundation.The Fungi in a Warmer World(Fia WW)project was jointly funded by NSF/Geo and NERC under NSF award#2015813 to J.M.K.O.and NERC award identifier NE/V01501X/1 to M.J.P.
文摘Hydrologic reconstructions from North America are largely unknown for the Middle Miocene.Examination of fungal palynomorph assemblages coupled with traditional plant-based palynology permits delineation of local,as opposed to regional,climate signals and provides a baseline for study of ancient fungas.Here,the Fungi in a Warmer World project presents paleoecology and paleoclimatology of 351 fungal morphotypes from 3 sites in the United States:the Clarkia Konservat-Lagerstatte site(ldaho),the Alum Bluff site(Florida),and the Bouie River site(Mississippi).Of these,83 fungi are identified as extant taxa and 41 are newly reported from the Miocene.Combining new plant-based paleoclimatic reconstructions with funga-based paleoclimate reconstructions,we demonstrate cooling and hydrologic changes from the Miocene climate optimum to the Serravallian.In the southeastern United States,this is comparable to that reconstructed with pollen and paleobotany alone In the northwestern United States,cooling is greater than indicated by other reconstructions and hydrology shifts seasonally,from no dry season to a dry summer season.Our results demonstrate the utility of fossil fungi as paleoecologic and paleoclimatic proxies and that warmer than modern geological time intervals do not match the"wet gets wetter,dry gets drier"paradigm.Instead,both plants and fungi show an invigorated hydrological cycle across mid-latitude North America.
