Background and objective: Occupational asthma is responsible for 5 to 20% of adult asthma cases globally, and car painters are among the most at-risk workers. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalenc...Background and objective: Occupational asthma is responsible for 5 to 20% of adult asthma cases globally, and car painters are among the most at-risk workers. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of car painters with probable occupational asthma in Parakou, Benin. Materials and methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out between April and September 2023 in Parakou, the third most important city in Benin. Results: Overall, 116 workers in 22 car painting shops were included, 64 (55.17%) masters and 52 (44.83%) apprentices. Their mean age was 30.59 (±11.30) years, and their male-female ratio was 28:1. A past history of asthma was reported in 3 (2.59%). There were 113 (97.41%) who used gun spray;49 (42.24%) worked in a confined environment;100 (86.21%) reported breathing discomfort during painting;and 2 (1.72%) used air-filtered masks. The overall prevalence of probable occupational asthma was 10.34% (12/116;95% CI, 6.02 - 17.21), 12.50% (8/64) in masters and 7.69% (4/52) in apprentices (p = 0.398). Preceding occupational rhinitis occurred in 6 (50%). Asthma symptoms were partially controlled in 8 (66.67%) and uncontrolled in one (8.33%). Being a daily smoker (aOR = 4.59;95%CI, 1.01 - 22.00;p = 0.048) was associated with probable occupational asthma, after adjustment for age and permanent residence. Following Peak Expiratory Flow monitoring, four painters provided interpretable records, of whom three were confirmed with occupational asthma based on the Oasys scoring system. Of the 12 with probable occupational asthma, none was followed-up at occupational health departments;3 (25%) were prescribed a short-acting β-2-agonist, and no worker was treated with inhaled corticosteroids. These workers considered the impact of the disease on their productivity at work to be moderate. Conclusion: occupational asthma was common among car painters in Parakou. This calls for raising awareness on this condition, and for actions to improve the prevention and management of the disease among professionals.展开更多
In October of 2006,"Treasures of the Chinese Nation,an Exhibition of Tibetan Culture"was held exclusively at the Capital Museum in Beijing.Over 200 exquisite Tibetan cultural relics and 100-odd Tibetan folkl...In October of 2006,"Treasures of the Chinese Nation,an Exhibition of Tibetan Culture"was held exclusively at the Capital Museum in Beijing.Over 200 exquisite Tibetan cultural relics and 100-odd Tibetan folklore images unveiled in the exhibition hall attracted endless lines of visitors.While monks were busy making Mandala,a painter was sketching Thangka in the hall.In conjunction with the traditional art show in the exhibition (?) the visitors were profoundly inspired by such unique demonstrations of Tibe...展开更多
随着我国三维动画产业的快速发展,产业对技术的要求水涨船高,满足各类需求的软件层出不穷,高职院校在学生教育中也应对照产业需求进行教授。Substance Painter是一款纹理材质绘制软件,支持基于物理渲染(Physically Based Rendering,PBR...随着我国三维动画产业的快速发展,产业对技术的要求水涨船高,满足各类需求的软件层出不穷,高职院校在学生教育中也应对照产业需求进行教授。Substance Painter是一款纹理材质绘制软件,支持基于物理渲染(Physically Based Rendering,PBR)技术,具有实时渲染的功能,让使用者可以在绘制窗口上实时观察贴图纹理变化,简化了制作模型的流程,因能够帮助使用者以更加高效的流程制作出高质量的材质,其在三维动画制作中广受从业者青睐,在三维动画场景教学中也具有重要的作用。文章以Substance Painter的功能与三维动画场景教学的概念为研究的切入点,探讨Substance Painter在动画场景教学中的应用。展开更多
文摘Background and objective: Occupational asthma is responsible for 5 to 20% of adult asthma cases globally, and car painters are among the most at-risk workers. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of car painters with probable occupational asthma in Parakou, Benin. Materials and methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out between April and September 2023 in Parakou, the third most important city in Benin. Results: Overall, 116 workers in 22 car painting shops were included, 64 (55.17%) masters and 52 (44.83%) apprentices. Their mean age was 30.59 (±11.30) years, and their male-female ratio was 28:1. A past history of asthma was reported in 3 (2.59%). There were 113 (97.41%) who used gun spray;49 (42.24%) worked in a confined environment;100 (86.21%) reported breathing discomfort during painting;and 2 (1.72%) used air-filtered masks. The overall prevalence of probable occupational asthma was 10.34% (12/116;95% CI, 6.02 - 17.21), 12.50% (8/64) in masters and 7.69% (4/52) in apprentices (p = 0.398). Preceding occupational rhinitis occurred in 6 (50%). Asthma symptoms were partially controlled in 8 (66.67%) and uncontrolled in one (8.33%). Being a daily smoker (aOR = 4.59;95%CI, 1.01 - 22.00;p = 0.048) was associated with probable occupational asthma, after adjustment for age and permanent residence. Following Peak Expiratory Flow monitoring, four painters provided interpretable records, of whom three were confirmed with occupational asthma based on the Oasys scoring system. Of the 12 with probable occupational asthma, none was followed-up at occupational health departments;3 (25%) were prescribed a short-acting β-2-agonist, and no worker was treated with inhaled corticosteroids. These workers considered the impact of the disease on their productivity at work to be moderate. Conclusion: occupational asthma was common among car painters in Parakou. This calls for raising awareness on this condition, and for actions to improve the prevention and management of the disease among professionals.
文摘In October of 2006,"Treasures of the Chinese Nation,an Exhibition of Tibetan Culture"was held exclusively at the Capital Museum in Beijing.Over 200 exquisite Tibetan cultural relics and 100-odd Tibetan folklore images unveiled in the exhibition hall attracted endless lines of visitors.While monks were busy making Mandala,a painter was sketching Thangka in the hall.In conjunction with the traditional art show in the exhibition (?) the visitors were profoundly inspired by such unique demonstrations of Tibe...
