Background Heat stress(HS)can impair boar testicular function,leading to reproductive issues.However,chlorogenic acid(CGA)has been shown to mitigate HS-induced damage in various livestock and poultry species.Prepubert...Background Heat stress(HS)can impair boar testicular function,leading to reproductive issues.However,chlorogenic acid(CGA)has been shown to mitigate HS-induced damage in various livestock and poultry species.Prepuberty is an important stage of testicular development in boars after birth.However,the protective effect of CGA on testicular HS injury during prepuberty boars and the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood.Results In vivo,a total of 30 healthy boars with similar body weights and ages were obtained and randomly divided into 3 groups,which were fed a basal diet supplemented with CGA 0(the ND_TN group),0(the ND_HS group)or 1,000(the CGA_HS group)mg/kg.After being fed for 28 d,all the groups,except the ND_TN group,were treated with high temperature for 7 d,after which samples were collected from the boars and analysed.The results showed that CGA significantly mitigated the HS-induced reduction in T-AOC content in testicular tissue and sperm density.Mechanistically,multiomics analysis revealed that the genes differentially expressed by CGA and HS were predominantly associated with the glutathione metabolism pathway.The combined analysis of transcriptomics and proteomics revealed that only BLVRA was affected by both HS and CGA when the mRNA and protein levels of a gene showed differential expression with the same trend.In vitro studies confirmed that CGA modulated GPX3 expression via BLVRA,affected GPx activity,and attenuated HS-induced ROS accumulation.Conclusions In conclusion,prepubertal HS impairs the spermatogenic capacity of boars.BLVRA may mediate the testicular protective effect of CGA,although in vivo validation of this pathway is needed.This study contributes to elucidating the mechanisms underlying the effects of HS on prepubertal boar testicular development using multiomics approaches,laying a foundation for the potential utilization of CGA in swine production.展开更多
Solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC)is a promising power generation technology with high efficiency and can operate with a wide range of fuels.Although H2 delivery and storage are still hurdles,natural gas is readily accessibl...Solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC)is a promising power generation technology with high efficiency and can operate with a wide range of fuels.Although H2 delivery and storage are still hurdles,natural gas is readily accessible through existing pipeline infrastructure and therefore stands as a viable fuel candidate for SOFC.Owing to the high operating temperature,the methane in natural gas can be directly reformed in the anode of an SOFC.However,mechanical failure remains a critical issue and hinders the prevalence of traditional planar SOFCs.A novel flat-tubular structure with symmetrical double-sided cathodes was previously proposed to improve mechanical durability.In this work,the performance of a methane-fueled SOFC with symmetrical double-sided cathodes is analyzed with a numerical multiphysics model.The distributions of different physical fields in the SOFC are investigated.Special attention is paid to stress analysis,which is closely related to the mechanical stability of an SOFC.Furthermore,the CH_(4)-fueled and H_(2)-fueled SOFCs are also compared in terms of the distribution of thermal stress.A lower first principal stress is observed for CH_(4)-fueled flat-tubular SOFC,demonstrating a reduced probability of mechanical failures and potentially extended lifespan.展开更多
As a key component of the plant antioxidant enzymatic system,superoxide dismutase(SOD)can efficiently protect cells from oxidative stress and maintain redox homeostasis.Currently,there are few studies related to SOD g...As a key component of the plant antioxidant enzymatic system,superoxide dismutase(SOD)can efficiently protect cells from oxidative stress and maintain redox homeostasis.Currently,there are few studies related to SOD genes in various taxa of algae,and the specific functions and evolutionary patterns of these family members remain unclear.In this study,comprehensively evolutionary analysis of SOD gene family in the bladed Bangiales was carried out.A total of 9,10,and 12 SOD genes were identified from three species of Pophyra umbilicalis,Pyropia haitanensis,and Pyropia yezoensis,respectively.Based on phylogenetic analysis,SOD gene members within the same subfamily exhibited similar motif patterns as well as conserved domains,which could be attribute to Cu/Zn-SOD and Fe/Mn-SOD.The promoter regions of SOD genes were rich in hormone-responsive,stress-responsive,and growth cis-acting elements,with variations and similarities observed among different species of other red algae and subfamilies.According to subcellular location prediction,it is suggested that Cu/Zn-SOD was predominantly located in chloroplasts,while Fe/Mn-SOD was primarily located in mitochondria.Also,the two subfamilies differed significantly in the two-/three-dimensional protein structures.In terms of gene evolution,the strongest collinearity relationship was shown between Pyropia haitanensis and Pyropia yezoensis,with all the 1꞉1 orthologous gene pair being subjected to a purifying selection(Ka/Ks<1,Ka:non-synonymy rate;Ks:synonymy rate).Moreover,12 SOD genes underwent positive selection during the evolutionary process.Furthermore,gene expression analysis based on transcriptomic data from Pyropia haitanensis showed that the expression patterns of SOD genes varied under different stress conditions.Together,this study revealed the evolutionary pattern of SOD genes in three bladed Bangiales species,which will lay the foundation for subsequent studies on the function of SOD genes.展开更多
In order to minimize the hot-carrier effect（HCE）and maintain on-state performance in the high voltage N-type lateral double diffused MOS（N-LDMOS）, an optimized device structure with step gate oxide is proposed. Co...In order to minimize the hot-carrier effect（HCE）and maintain on-state performance in the high voltage N-type lateral double diffused MOS（N-LDMOS）, an optimized device structure with step gate oxide is proposed. Compared with the conventional configuration, the electric field under the gate along the Si-SiO2 interface in the presented N-LDMOS can be greatly reduced, which favors reducing the hot-carrier degradation. The step gate oxide can be achieved by double gate oxide growth, which is commonly used in some smart power ICs. The differences in hot-carrier degradations between the novel structure and the conventional structure are investigated and analyzed by 2D technology computer-aided design（TCAD）numerical simulations, and the optimal length of the thick gate oxide part in the novel N-LDMOS device can also be acquired on the basis of maintaining the characteristic parameters of the conventional device. Finally, the practical degradation measurements of some characteristic parameters can also be carried out. It is found that the hot-carrier degradation of the novel N-LDMOS device can be improved greatly.展开更多
Mango(Mangifera indica L.)is one of the main economic crops in Hainan,China,prized for its distinctive flavor and high nutritional value.It is also rich in health-promoting antioxidants such as vitamin C and flavonoid...Mango(Mangifera indica L.)is one of the main economic crops in Hainan,China,prized for its distinctive flavor and high nutritional value.It is also rich in health-promoting antioxidants such as vitamin C and flavonoids.Enhanced ultraviolet-B(UV—B)radiation,a growing global environmental concern,alters plant antioxidant systems,with increased flavonoid accumulation as a common adaptive response.However,its effects on mango fruit remain largely unexplored.To investigate the antioxidant responses of mango to enhanced UV-B radiation and identify key responsive flavonoid compounds and regulatory genes,we exposed‘Tainong 1’mango fruits growing under natural light to 96 kJ·m^(-2)·d^(-1)of UV-B radiation to simulate high UV-B conditions.Treated fruits were smaller in size and had a pulp of a more intense yellow colour.Further,malondialdehyde content in treated fruits was higher during the phase of rapid fruit enlargement.Additionally,treated fruits showed increased sugar-acid ratios,total phenol,total flavonoid,carotenoid,and ascorbic acid contents.Furthermore,they showed significantly enhanced antioxidant activity,as measured by the FRAP,ABTS,and DPPH assays.Extensive targeted metabolomic-analysis identified flavonoids as the largest category of compounds differentially expressed in treated and control groups.Quantitative metabolomics of flavonoids identified hyperoside,quercimeritrin,and(-)-catechin gallate as the key flavonoid metabolites responsive to UV-B treatment.Transcriptome analysis revealed an enrichment of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway,with most associated differentially expressed genes showing upregulation.Furthermore,qRT-PCR analysis confirmed that the expression of the genes MiCHS7,MiCHI1,MiCHI2,MiFLS,MiF3H2,and MiF3H3 correlated with changes in key flavonoid metabolites.Indeed,correlation analysis indicated that MiCHS7,MiCHI1,MiFLS,and MiF3H3 are potential key genes involved in flavonoid accumulation under UV-B treatment.Thus,our study provides a theoretical basis for breeding for new resilient varieties and developing UV-B-resistant mango cultivation techniques.展开更多
Stroke remains a leading cause of death and disability worldwide,and electroacupuncture has a long history of use in stroke treatment.This meta-analysis and systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of electroa...Stroke remains a leading cause of death and disability worldwide,and electroacupuncture has a long history of use in stroke treatment.This meta-analysis and systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of electroacupuncture and explore its potential mechanisms in animal models of ischemic stroke.The PubMed,EMBASE,Web of Science,CENTRAL,and CINAHL databases were comprehensively searched up to May 1,2024.This review included articles on preclinical investigations of the efficacy and mechanisms of electroacupuncture in treating ischemic stroke.Data from 70 eligible studies were analyzed in Stata 18.0,using a random-effects model to calculate the standardized mean difference(Hedge’s g).The risk of bias was assessed using RevMan 5.4 software,and the quality of evidence was rated according to the Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development,and Evaluation(GRADE)system.Subgroup analyses were conducted to test the consistency of the results and sensitivity analyses were used to assess their robustness.The quality assessment revealed that most studies adequately handled incomplete data and selective reporting.However,several methodological limitations were identified:only 4 studies demonstrated a low risk of allocation concealment,26 achieved a low risk of outcome assessment bias,and 9 had a high risk of randomization bias.Additionally,there was an unclear risk regarding participant blinding and other methodological aspects.The GRADE assessment rated 12 outcomes as moderate quality and 6 as low quality.The mechanisms of electroacupuncture treatment for ischemic stroke can be categorized as five primary pathways:(1)Electroacupuncture significantly reduced infarct volume and apoptotic cell death(P<0.01)in ischemic stroke models;(2)electroacupuncture significantly decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory factors(P<0.01)while increasing the levels of anti-inflammatory factors(P=0.02);(3)electroacupuncture reduced the levels of oxidative stress indicators(P<0.01)and enhanced the expression of antioxidant enzymes(P<0.01);(4)electroacupuncture significantly promoted nerve regeneration(P<0.01);and(5)electroacupuncture influenced blood flow remodeling(P<0.01)and angiogenesis(P<0.01).Subgroup analyses indicated that electroacupuncture was most effective in the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model(P<0.01)and in post-middle cerebral artery occlusion intervention(P<0.01).Dispersive waves were found to outperform continuous waves with respect to neuroprotection and anti-inflammatory effects(P<0.01),while scalp acupoints demonstrated greater efficacy than body acupoints(P<0.01).The heterogeneity among the included studies was minimal,and sensitivity analyses indicated stable results.Their methodological quality was generally satisfactory.In conclusion,electroacupuncture is effective in treating cerebral ischemia by modulating cell apoptosis,oxidative stress,inflammation,stroke-induced nerve regeneration,blood flow remodeling,and angiogenesis.The efficacy of electroacupuncture may be influenced by factors such as the middle cerebral artery occlusion model,the timing of intervention onset,waveform,and acupoint selection.Despite the moderate to low quality of evidence,these findings suggest that electroacupuncture has clinical potential for improving outcomes in ischemic stroke.展开更多
Border-associated macrophages are located at the interface between the brain and the periphery, including the perivascular spaces, choroid plexus, and meninges. Until recently, the functions of border-associated macro...Border-associated macrophages are located at the interface between the brain and the periphery, including the perivascular spaces, choroid plexus, and meninges. Until recently, the functions of border-associated macrophages have been poorly understood and largely overlooked. However, a recent study reported that border-associated macrophages participate in stroke-induced inflammation, although many details and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we performed a comprehensive single-cell analysis of mouse border-associated macrophages using sequencing data obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO) database(GSE174574 and GSE225948). Differentially expressed genes were identified, and enrichment analysis was performed to identify the transcription profile of border-associated macrophages. CellChat analysis was conducted to determine the cell communication network of border-associated macrophages. Transcription factors were predicted using the ‘pySCENIC' tool. We found that, in response to hypoxia, borderassociated macrophages underwent dynamic transcriptional changes and participated in the regulation of inflammatory-related pathways. Notably, the tumor necrosis factor pathway was activated by border-associated macrophages following ischemic stroke. The pySCENIC analysis indicated that the activity of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(Stat3) was obviously upregulated in stroke, suggesting that Stat3 inhibition may be a promising strategy for treating border-associated macrophages-induced neuroinflammation. Finally, we constructed an animal model to investigate the effects of border-associated macrophages depletion following a stroke. Treatment with liposomes containing clodronate significantly reduced infarct volume in the animals and improved neurological scores compared with untreated animals. Taken together, our results demonstrate comprehensive changes in border-associated macrophages following a stroke, providing a theoretical basis for targeting border-associated macrophages-induced neuroinflammation in stroke treatment.展开更多
Propylene oxide(PO)is an important petrochemical materials used to produce downstream products such as propylene glycol(PG),polyether polyols,and dipropylene glycol(DPG).Among these,DPG is commonly used as a solvent f...Propylene oxide(PO)is an important petrochemical materials used to produce downstream products such as propylene glycol(PG),polyether polyols,and dipropylene glycol(DPG).Among these,DPG is commonly used as a solvent for fragrances,cosmetics,food additives,and detergents,and can also be served as a moisturizer in cosmetics,showing broad application prospects.The distribution of DPG isomers in the products synthesized from PO and PG has a significant impactΔrGΔrHΔfHθΔfGθPO+PG⇌DPG PO+DPG⇌TPG PG+PG⇌DPG+H_(2)O PG+DPG⇌TPG+H_(2)O on the quality of the products.Therefore,conducting thermodynamic calculation on the reaction of PO and PG to synthesize DPG can provide a theoretical basis for practical operations and product distribution regulation.So,in this paper,the thermodynamic parameters of PO,1,2-PG,H_(2)O,tripropylene glycol(TPG)and three isomers of DPG under different reaction conditions is calculated.Additionally,the,and lnK for four potential reactions at various reaction temperatures and pressures are calculated.By designing isodesmic reactions and combining the results of thermodynamic calculations,the and for the isomers of DPG are obtained,and the relative error is less than 7%.The results show that in the process of preparing DPG by PO and PG,when PO∶PG=1,the reaction temperature ranges from 298.15 to 413.15 K,and the pressure ranges from 101.325 to 506.625 kPa,the reactions of and are thermodynamically spontaneous.While the reactions of and are thermodynamically unspontaneous.The optimal reaction temperature and pressure are 413.15 K and 101.325 kPa.The thermodynamic stability of the three isomers is DPG1>DPG2>DPG3 under standard conditions.The accuracy of the computational results is verified through experimental design,and based on this,the factors affecting product distribution are analyzed.展开更多
Black nickel coatings have emerged as a research hotspot in materials science due to their excellent performance and broad application prospects.In this study,nickel-based black coatings were fabricated on low-carbon ...Black nickel coatings have emerged as a research hotspot in materials science due to their excellent performance and broad application prospects.In this study,nickel-based black coatings were fabricated on low-carbon steel substrates via photo-assisted electrodeposition.A systematic investigation was conducted on the effects of cerium ion concentration and nano-ceria(CeO_(2))particle content in the electrolyte on the coating properties,along with an analysis of the temporal evolution of coating’s corrosion resistance.When the cerium ion concentration in the electrolyte was 0.05 mol/L,the coating exhibited a uniform black appearance with a light absorption rate of 95%,an emissivity of 0.87,maximum impedance,and the lowest corrosion tendency,demonstrating optimal comprehensive performance.The coating prepared with a nano-ceria concentration of 6 g/L in the electrolyte exhibited an emissivity of 0.9,achieved a 5B adhesion grade(ASTM D3359-09),and demonstrated a one-order-of-magnitude reduction in corrosion current density compared to coatings fabricated without nano-ceria in the electrolyte.With prolonged storage time,the coating's impedance slightly increased,leading to improved corrosion resistance.展开更多
It is crucial to develop arsenic removal adsorbents with strong sulfur resistance under middle-low-temperature flue gas conditions(<400℃).In this work,five Fe-Ce-La oxides were prepared by co-precipitation method,...It is crucial to develop arsenic removal adsorbents with strong sulfur resistance under middle-low-temperature flue gas conditions(<400℃).In this work,five Fe-Ce-La oxides were prepared by co-precipitation method,and FeCeLaO/SiO_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3) composite adsorbents were prepared by coupling fly ash-based Si-Al carriers.The active components Fe-Ce-La oxides and Si-Al carriers were characterized by TPD,TG,XRF,BET and XPS,respectively.The effects of temperature,Si/Al ratio and FeCeLaO loading rate on the sulfur resistance were investigated.Results show that the SO_(2) promotes the arsenic removal of Fe_(2)O_(3),CeLaO and FeCeLaO.At 400℃,the arsenic removal efficiencies of the three oxides increase from 45.3%,72.5% and 81.3% without SO_(2) to 62.6%,80.5%and 91.0%,respectively.The SO_(2) inhibits the arsenic removal of La_(2)O_(2)CO_(3) and FeLaO,and the inhibition effect is pronounced at high temperatures.The sulfur poisoning resistance of Si-Al carriers increases with the increase of Si/Al ratio.When the Si/Al ratio is increased to 9.74,the arsenic removal efficiency in the SO_(2) environment is 13.9% higher than that in the absence of SO_(2).Introducing FeCeLaO active components is beneficial for enhancing the SO_(2) poisoning resistance of Si-Al carriers.The strong sulfur resistance of the FeCeLaO/SiO_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3) composite adsorbent results from multiple factors:protective effects of Ce on Fe,La and Al;sulfation-induced generation of Ce^(3+)and surface-adsorbed oxygen;and strong surface acidity of SiO_(2).展开更多
Six new lanthanide complexes:[Ln(3,4-DEOBA)3(4,4'-DM-2,2'-bipy)]2·2C_(2)H_(5)OH,[Ln=Dy(1),Eu(2),Tb(3),Sm(4),Ho(5),Gd(6);3,4-DEOBA-=3,4-diethoxybenzoate,4,4'-DM-2,2'-bipy=4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'...Six new lanthanide complexes:[Ln(3,4-DEOBA)3(4,4'-DM-2,2'-bipy)]2·2C_(2)H_(5)OH,[Ln=Dy(1),Eu(2),Tb(3),Sm(4),Ho(5),Gd(6);3,4-DEOBA-=3,4-diethoxybenzoate,4,4'-DM-2,2'-bipy=4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine]were successfully synthesized by the volatilization of the solution at room temperature.The crystal structures of six complexes were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction technology.The results showed that the complexes all have a binuclear structure,and the structures contain free ethanol molecules.Moreover,the coordination number of the central metal of each structural unit is eight.Adjacent structural units interact with each other through hydrogen bonds and further expand to form 1D chain-like and 2D planar structures.After conducting a systematic study on the luminescence properties of complexes 1-4,their emission and excitation spectra were obtained.Experimental results indicated that the fluorescence lifetimes of complexes 2 and 3 were 0.807 and 0.845 ms,respectively.The emission spectral data of complexes 1-4 were imported into the CIE chromaticity coordinate system,and their corre sponding luminescent regions cover the yellow light,red light,green light,and orange-red light bands,respectively.Within the temperature range of 299.15-1300 K,the thermal decomposition processes of the six complexes were comprehensively analyzed by using TG-DSC/FTIR/MS technology.The hypothesis of the gradual loss of ligand groups during the decomposition process was verified by detecting the escaped gas,3D infrared spectroscopy,and ion fragment information detected by mass spectrometry.The specific decomposition path is as follows:firstly,free ethanol molecules and neutral ligands are removed,and finally,acidic ligands are released;the final product is the corresponding metal oxide.CCDC:2430420,1;2430422,2;2430419,3;2430424,4;2430421,5;2430423,6.展开更多
Fatty acids are the main constituents of vegetable oils.To determine the fatty acid compositions of small trade vegetable oils and some less well studied beneficial vegetable oils,and investigate their relationships w...Fatty acids are the main constituents of vegetable oils.To determine the fatty acid compositions of small trade vegetable oils and some less well studied beneficial vegetable oils,and investigate their relationships with antioxidant activity and oxidative stability,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed to characterize the associated fatty acid profiles.The antioxidant activity of vegetable oils,based on their DPPH-scavenging capacity(expressed as IC_(50) values),was used to assess their impact on human health,and their oxidative stability was characterized by performing lipid oxidation analysis to determine the oxidative induction time of fats and oils.In addition,correlation analyses were performed to examine associations between the fatty acid composition of the oils and DPPH-scavenging capacity and oxidative stability.The results revealed that among the assessed oils,coffee seed oil has the highest saturated fatty acid content(355.10 mg/g),whereas Garddenia jaminoides oil has the highest unsaturated fatty acid content(844.84 mg/g).Coffee seed oil was also found have the lowest DPPH IC_(50) value(2.30 mg/mL)and the longest oxidation induction time(17.09 h).Correlation analysis revealed a significant linear relationship(P<0.05)between oxidative stability and unsaturated fatty acid content,with lower contents tending to be associated with better oxidative stability.The findings of this study provide reference data for the screening of functional edible vegetable oils.展开更多
Background:Pistacia chinensis Bunge has been traditionally used to manage various conditions,including asthma,pain,inflammation,hepatoprotection,and diabetes.The study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant and ...Background:Pistacia chinensis Bunge has been traditionally used to manage various conditions,including asthma,pain,inflammation,hepatoprotection,and diabetes.The study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant and anti-lipoxygenase(LOX)properties of the isolated compound 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one from Pistacia chinensis.Methods:LOX assay and antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)assay were performed.Molecular docking studies were conducted using a molecular operating environment.Results:The LOX assay revealed significant inhibitory effects at 0.2µM concentration,with an IC50 value of 37.80µM.The antioxidant effect demonstrated dose-dependency across 5 to 100µg/mL concentrations,reaching 93.09%at 100µg/mL,comparable to ascorbic acid’s 95.43%effect.Molecular docking studies highlighted strong interactions with the lipoxygenase enzyme,presenting an excellent docking score of-10.98 kcal/mol.Conclusion:These findings provide valuable insights into Pistacia chinensis’chemical components and biological effects,reinforcing its traditional medicinal applications.展开更多
Coating-free press-hardened steel(CF-PHS)had effectively tackled the challenge of high-temperature oxidation during processing through Cr-Si alloying strategy.However,it is equally essential to investigate its corrosi...Coating-free press-hardened steel(CF-PHS)had effectively tackled the challenge of high-temperature oxidation during processing through Cr-Si alloying strategy.However,it is equally essential to investigate its corrosion resistance and the role of the oxide scale in corrosion environments.The corrosion resistance of CF-PHS with and without oxide scale was comprehensively evaluated by analyzing electrochemical processes and corrosion products,as well as characterizing the corroded oxide scale features,while comparing it with commercial 22MnB5 steel.The results indicate that CF-PHS exhibits superior corrosion resistance compared to 22MnB5 steel and the presence of oxide scale may have a negative influence on short-time corrosion resistance.The ultra-thin oxide scale is unable to effectively and timely mitigate pit propagation during the rapid electrochemical tests.Conversely,during the prolonged corrosion process,the oxide scale can still function as the physical barrier to provide protective effects,making the corrosion process develop more slowly and evenly.展开更多
The Savitzky-Golay(SG)filter,which employs polynomial least-squares approximations to smooth data and estimate derivatives,is widely used for processing noisy data.However,noise suppression by the SG filter is recogni...The Savitzky-Golay(SG)filter,which employs polynomial least-squares approximations to smooth data and estimate derivatives,is widely used for processing noisy data.However,noise suppression by the SG filter is recognized to be limited at data boundaries and high frequencies,which can significantly reduce the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR).To solve this problem,a novel method synergistically integrating Principal Component Analysis(PCA)with SG filtering is proposed in this paper.This approach avoids the is-sue of excessive smoothing associated with larger window sizes.The proposed PCA-SG filtering algorithm was applied to a CO gas sensing system based on Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy(CRDS).The perform-ance of the PCA-SG filtering algorithm is demonstrated through comparison with Moving Average Filtering(MAF),Wavelet Transformation(WT),Kalman Filtering(KF),and the SG filter.The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm exhibits superior noise reduction capabilities compared to the other algorithms evaluated.The SNR of the ring-down signal was improved from 11.8612 dB to 29.0913 dB,and the stand-ard deviation of the extracted ring-down time constant was reduced from 0.037μs to 0.018μs.These results confirm that the proposed PCA-SG filtering algorithm effectively improves the smoothness of the ring-down curve data,demonstrating its feasibility.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the global,regional,and national burden and determinants of Acute Respiratory Infections(ARIs)among children and adolescents from 1990 to 2021.Methods:We analysed ARI mortality and disability-adj...Objective:To evaluate the global,regional,and national burden and determinants of Acute Respiratory Infections(ARIs)among children and adolescents from 1990 to 2021.Methods:We analysed ARI mortality and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs),stratified by age,sex,and economic development level based on data retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease study 2021.Decomposition and frontier analyses were employed to identify key drivers of burden variation and visualize potential reductions based on development levels.Results:Between 1990 and 2021,the global burden of ARIs showed a significant decline in both achievable age-standardized DALYs rate and age-standardized mortality rates(EAPC=-3.87 and-3.81,respectively).Different age groups and sex witnessed different levels of ARI burden,males experienced heavier burden than females and the 0-4 years-old group experienced heavier burden than other study age groups.Most of the 204 countries and territories experienced a downward trend of ARI burden,with slight increases observed only in Lesotho and Dominica.A negative correlation was found between the Socio-demographic Index and ARI burden.Decomposition analysis indicated that the significant decreases in deaths and DALYs were primarily driven by epidemiological changes.Conclusions:The global burden of ARIs among children and adolescents has declined over the past three decades,but substantial regional disparities persist.Targeted public health strategies are needed to address the continued ARI burden in high-risk regions and vulnerable age groups.展开更多
The detection and characterization of non-metallic inclusions are essential for clean steel production.Recently,imaging analysis combined with high-dimensional data processing of metallic materials using artificial in...The detection and characterization of non-metallic inclusions are essential for clean steel production.Recently,imaging analysis combined with high-dimensional data processing of metallic materials using artificial intelligence(AI)-based machine learning(ML)has developed rapidly.This technique has achieved impressive results in the field of inclusion classification in process metallurgy.The present study surveys the ML modeling of inclusion prediction in advanced steels,including the detection,classification,and feature prediction of inclusions in different steel grades.Studies on clean steel with different features based on data and image analysis via ML are summarized.Regarding the data analysis,the inclusion prediction methodology based on ML establishes a connection between the experimental parameters and inclusion characteristics and analyzes the importance of the experimental parameters.Regarding the image analysis,the focus is placed on the classification of different types of inclusions via deep learning,in comparison with data analysis.Finally,further development of inclusion analyses using ML-based methods is recommended.This work paves the way for the application of AIbased methodologies for ultraclean-steel studies from a sustainable metallurgy perspective.展开更多
Red-fleshed fruits are valued for their vibrant color and high anthocyanin content.Pre-harvest fruit bagging enhances fruit peel pigmentation,but its effect on flesh coloration remains poorly characterized.This study ...Red-fleshed fruits are valued for their vibrant color and high anthocyanin content.Pre-harvest fruit bagging enhances fruit peel pigmentation,but its effect on flesh coloration remains poorly characterized.This study revealed that removing bags from‘Gengcunyangtao’red-fleshed peach fruits triggers the rapid and uniform accumulation of anthocyanins in the flesh,resulting in anthocyanin levels that exceed those in unbagged fruits.The exposure to light after bag removal triggered significant increases in anthocyanin levels within 24 h.This was accompanied by the rapid upregulation of light-responsive and flavonoid biosynthetic gene expression levels within 6 h.A metabolomic analysis indicated that anthocyanin precursors,especially p-coumaric acid,accumulated before bag removal,thereby increasing substrate availability for rapid anthocyanin synthesis.On the basis of a weighted gene co-expression network analysis,MYB transcription factors,anthocyanin transporters,glutathione S-transferase,and multidrug and toxic compound extrusion(MATE)were identified as key regulators that coordinate precursor storage along with light-induced transcriptional activation.Notably,PpMYB4 binds to the promoter of PpGSTF14 and activates its expression,thereby promoting anthocyanin accumulation.The study findings elucidated the temporal coordination of metabolic priming and light-responsive transcriptional regulation driving rapid anthocyanin biosynthesis,with possible implications for improving peach fruit flesh coloration.展开更多
Dianthus spiculifolius Schur,as an emerging ornamental plant,has extensive applications and economic values.In this study,the DsCBL4 gene was successfully cloned,and its tissue-specific expression,expression patterns ...Dianthus spiculifolius Schur,as an emerging ornamental plant,has extensive applications and economic values.In this study,the DsCBL4 gene was successfully cloned,and its tissue-specific expression,expression patterns under various abiotic stresses,subcellular localization,and bioinformatics analysis of the encoded amino acid sequence were conducted.The results showed that the coding region of the DsCBL4 gene was 675 bp long,encoding 224 amino acids.It had high homology with the amino acids encoded by Amaranthus tricolor,Chenopodium quinoa and Spinacia oleracea.The predicted relative molecular mass of DsCBL4 was 25.61 ku,with an isoelectric point of 4.58,and it had phosphorylation sites,belonging to an unstable hydrophilic protein.Its secondary structure includedα-helices,irregular coils and extended chains.The tertiary structure prediction revealed that DsCBL4 had four EFhand calcium-binding domains necessary for Ca2+binding in plant calmodulin-like proteins and the FPSF motif for calcineurin B-like protein(CBL)-interacting protein kinase(CIPK)activation.The expression level of the DsCBL4 gene showed tissue specificity,with the highest expression in roots.It was induced by drought,low temperature,combined drought and low temperature,salt stress,nitrogen stress,phosphorus stress,calcium ion stress,high temperature stress,and abscisic acid(ABA)stress.Both transient infection in Nicotiana tabacum L.and stable expression in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana showed that the DsCBL4 protein was localized to the cell membrane.These results suggested that DsCBL4 might be involved in the abiotic stress response of Dianthus spiculifolius through the calcium signaling pathway,providing a theoretical basis for understanding its molecular mechanism.This study provided an important reference for further exploring the role of the DsCBLs gene family in plant stress resistance.展开更多
Background:Receptor-interacting protein kinases(RIPKs)regulate cell death,inflammation,and immune responses,yet their roles in cancer are not fully understood.This study investigates the expression,genomic alterations...Background:Receptor-interacting protein kinases(RIPKs)regulate cell death,inflammation,and immune responses,yet their roles in cancer are not fully understood.This study investigates the expression,genomic alterations,and functional implications of RIPK family members across various cancers.Methods:We collected multi-omics data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and other public databases,including gene expression,copy number variation(CNV),mutation,methylation,tumor mutation burden(TMB),and microsatellite instability(MSI).Differential expression and survival analyses were performed using DESeq2 and Cox proportional hazards models.CNV and mutation data were analyzed with GISTIC2 and Mutect2,and methylation data with the ChAMP package.Correlations with TMB and MSI were assessed using Pearson coefficients,and gene set enrichment analysis was conducted with the MSigDB Hallmark gene sets.Results:RIPK family members show significant differential expression in various cancers,with RIPK1 and RIPK4 frequently altered.Survival analysis reveals heterogeneous impacts on overall survival.CNV and mutation analyses identify high alteration frequencies for RIPK2 and RIPK7,affecting gene expression.RIPK1 and RIPK7 are hypermethylated in several cancers,inversely correlating with RIPK3 expression.RIPK1,RIPK2,RIPK5,RIPK6,and RIPK7 correlate positively with TMB,while RIPK3 shows negative correlations in some cancers.MSI analysis indicates associations with DNA mismatch repair.G ene set enrichment analysis highlights immune-related pathway enrichment for RIPK1,RIPK2,RIPK3,and RIPK6,and cell proliferation and DNA repair pathways for RIPK4 and RIPK5.RIPK family members showed heterogeneous alterations across cancers:for example,RIPK7 was mutated in up to~15%of u terine c orpus e ndometrial c arcinoma and l ung s quamous c ell c arcinoma cases,and RIPK1 and RIPK7 exhibited frequent promoter hypermethylation in multiple tumor types.Several genes displayed context-dependent associations with overall survival and with TMB/MSI.Conclusion:This pan-cancer analysis of the RIPK family reveals their diverse roles and potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.The findings emphasize the importance of RIPK genes in tumorigenesis and suggest context-dependent functions across cancer types.Further studies are needed to explore their mechanisms in cancer development and clinical applications.展开更多
基金supported by The Program of Science and Technology Development Plan of Jilin Province(20230202066NC)Graduate Innovation Research Project of Jilin University(2024CX151)。
文摘Background Heat stress(HS)can impair boar testicular function,leading to reproductive issues.However,chlorogenic acid(CGA)has been shown to mitigate HS-induced damage in various livestock and poultry species.Prepuberty is an important stage of testicular development in boars after birth.However,the protective effect of CGA on testicular HS injury during prepuberty boars and the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood.Results In vivo,a total of 30 healthy boars with similar body weights and ages were obtained and randomly divided into 3 groups,which were fed a basal diet supplemented with CGA 0(the ND_TN group),0(the ND_HS group)or 1,000(the CGA_HS group)mg/kg.After being fed for 28 d,all the groups,except the ND_TN group,were treated with high temperature for 7 d,after which samples were collected from the boars and analysed.The results showed that CGA significantly mitigated the HS-induced reduction in T-AOC content in testicular tissue and sperm density.Mechanistically,multiomics analysis revealed that the genes differentially expressed by CGA and HS were predominantly associated with the glutathione metabolism pathway.The combined analysis of transcriptomics and proteomics revealed that only BLVRA was affected by both HS and CGA when the mRNA and protein levels of a gene showed differential expression with the same trend.In vitro studies confirmed that CGA modulated GPX3 expression via BLVRA,affected GPx activity,and attenuated HS-induced ROS accumulation.Conclusions In conclusion,prepubertal HS impairs the spermatogenic capacity of boars.BLVRA may mediate the testicular protective effect of CGA,although in vivo validation of this pathway is needed.This study contributes to elucidating the mechanisms underlying the effects of HS on prepubertal boar testicular development using multiomics approaches,laying a foundation for the potential utilization of CGA in swine production.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11802106,11932005,U20A20251,52102226,and 22109101)Department of Education of Guangdong Province,China(2021KCXTD006 and 2021KQNCX272)+1 种基金Science,Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality,China(GJHZ20220913143009017 and JCYJ20210324093008021)Development and Reform Commission of Shenzhen Municipality,China(XMHT20220103004)is appreciated.
文摘Solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC)is a promising power generation technology with high efficiency and can operate with a wide range of fuels.Although H2 delivery and storage are still hurdles,natural gas is readily accessible through existing pipeline infrastructure and therefore stands as a viable fuel candidate for SOFC.Owing to the high operating temperature,the methane in natural gas can be directly reformed in the anode of an SOFC.However,mechanical failure remains a critical issue and hinders the prevalence of traditional planar SOFCs.A novel flat-tubular structure with symmetrical double-sided cathodes was previously proposed to improve mechanical durability.In this work,the performance of a methane-fueled SOFC with symmetrical double-sided cathodes is analyzed with a numerical multiphysics model.The distributions of different physical fields in the SOFC are investigated.Special attention is paid to stress analysis,which is closely related to the mechanical stability of an SOFC.Furthermore,the CH_(4)-fueled and H_(2)-fueled SOFCs are also compared in terms of the distribution of thermal stress.A lower first principal stress is observed for CH_(4)-fueled flat-tubular SOFC,demonstrating a reduced probability of mechanical failures and potentially extended lifespan.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023 YFD 2400102)the Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation,Beibu Gulf University(No.2024 KA 04)。
文摘As a key component of the plant antioxidant enzymatic system,superoxide dismutase(SOD)can efficiently protect cells from oxidative stress and maintain redox homeostasis.Currently,there are few studies related to SOD genes in various taxa of algae,and the specific functions and evolutionary patterns of these family members remain unclear.In this study,comprehensively evolutionary analysis of SOD gene family in the bladed Bangiales was carried out.A total of 9,10,and 12 SOD genes were identified from three species of Pophyra umbilicalis,Pyropia haitanensis,and Pyropia yezoensis,respectively.Based on phylogenetic analysis,SOD gene members within the same subfamily exhibited similar motif patterns as well as conserved domains,which could be attribute to Cu/Zn-SOD and Fe/Mn-SOD.The promoter regions of SOD genes were rich in hormone-responsive,stress-responsive,and growth cis-acting elements,with variations and similarities observed among different species of other red algae and subfamilies.According to subcellular location prediction,it is suggested that Cu/Zn-SOD was predominantly located in chloroplasts,while Fe/Mn-SOD was primarily located in mitochondria.Also,the two subfamilies differed significantly in the two-/three-dimensional protein structures.In terms of gene evolution,the strongest collinearity relationship was shown between Pyropia haitanensis and Pyropia yezoensis,with all the 1꞉1 orthologous gene pair being subjected to a purifying selection(Ka/Ks<1,Ka:non-synonymy rate;Ks:synonymy rate).Moreover,12 SOD genes underwent positive selection during the evolutionary process.Furthermore,gene expression analysis based on transcriptomic data from Pyropia haitanensis showed that the expression patterns of SOD genes varied under different stress conditions.Together,this study revealed the evolutionary pattern of SOD genes in three bladed Bangiales species,which will lay the foundation for subsequent studies on the function of SOD genes.
基金The Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK2008287)the Preresearch Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of Southeast University(No.XJ2008312)
文摘In order to minimize the hot-carrier effect（HCE）and maintain on-state performance in the high voltage N-type lateral double diffused MOS（N-LDMOS）, an optimized device structure with step gate oxide is proposed. Compared with the conventional configuration, the electric field under the gate along the Si-SiO2 interface in the presented N-LDMOS can be greatly reduced, which favors reducing the hot-carrier degradation. The step gate oxide can be achieved by double gate oxide growth, which is commonly used in some smart power ICs. The differences in hot-carrier degradations between the novel structure and the conventional structure are investigated and analyzed by 2D technology computer-aided design（TCAD）numerical simulations, and the optimal length of the thick gate oxide part in the novel N-LDMOS device can also be acquired on the basis of maintaining the characteristic parameters of the conventional device. Finally, the practical degradation measurements of some characteristic parameters can also be carried out. It is found that the hot-carrier degradation of the novel N-LDMOS device can be improved greatly.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32160677)the Hainan University Mango Research System.
文摘Mango(Mangifera indica L.)is one of the main economic crops in Hainan,China,prized for its distinctive flavor and high nutritional value.It is also rich in health-promoting antioxidants such as vitamin C and flavonoids.Enhanced ultraviolet-B(UV—B)radiation,a growing global environmental concern,alters plant antioxidant systems,with increased flavonoid accumulation as a common adaptive response.However,its effects on mango fruit remain largely unexplored.To investigate the antioxidant responses of mango to enhanced UV-B radiation and identify key responsive flavonoid compounds and regulatory genes,we exposed‘Tainong 1’mango fruits growing under natural light to 96 kJ·m^(-2)·d^(-1)of UV-B radiation to simulate high UV-B conditions.Treated fruits were smaller in size and had a pulp of a more intense yellow colour.Further,malondialdehyde content in treated fruits was higher during the phase of rapid fruit enlargement.Additionally,treated fruits showed increased sugar-acid ratios,total phenol,total flavonoid,carotenoid,and ascorbic acid contents.Furthermore,they showed significantly enhanced antioxidant activity,as measured by the FRAP,ABTS,and DPPH assays.Extensive targeted metabolomic-analysis identified flavonoids as the largest category of compounds differentially expressed in treated and control groups.Quantitative metabolomics of flavonoids identified hyperoside,quercimeritrin,and(-)-catechin gallate as the key flavonoid metabolites responsive to UV-B treatment.Transcriptome analysis revealed an enrichment of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway,with most associated differentially expressed genes showing upregulation.Furthermore,qRT-PCR analysis confirmed that the expression of the genes MiCHS7,MiCHI1,MiCHI2,MiFLS,MiF3H2,and MiF3H3 correlated with changes in key flavonoid metabolites.Indeed,correlation analysis indicated that MiCHS7,MiCHI1,MiFLS,and MiF3H3 are potential key genes involved in flavonoid accumulation under UV-B treatment.Thus,our study provides a theoretical basis for breeding for new resilient varieties and developing UV-B-resistant mango cultivation techniques.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82174496(to NW),82374574(to NW),82302865(to LL)Shanghai Science and Technology Committee Sailing Program,Nos.23YF1403800(to LL),23YF1405200(to YX)Shanghai Hospital Development Center Foundation-Shanghai Municipal Hospital Rehabilitation Medicine Specialty Alliance,No.SHDC22023304(to YW).
文摘Stroke remains a leading cause of death and disability worldwide,and electroacupuncture has a long history of use in stroke treatment.This meta-analysis and systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of electroacupuncture and explore its potential mechanisms in animal models of ischemic stroke.The PubMed,EMBASE,Web of Science,CENTRAL,and CINAHL databases were comprehensively searched up to May 1,2024.This review included articles on preclinical investigations of the efficacy and mechanisms of electroacupuncture in treating ischemic stroke.Data from 70 eligible studies were analyzed in Stata 18.0,using a random-effects model to calculate the standardized mean difference(Hedge’s g).The risk of bias was assessed using RevMan 5.4 software,and the quality of evidence was rated according to the Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development,and Evaluation(GRADE)system.Subgroup analyses were conducted to test the consistency of the results and sensitivity analyses were used to assess their robustness.The quality assessment revealed that most studies adequately handled incomplete data and selective reporting.However,several methodological limitations were identified:only 4 studies demonstrated a low risk of allocation concealment,26 achieved a low risk of outcome assessment bias,and 9 had a high risk of randomization bias.Additionally,there was an unclear risk regarding participant blinding and other methodological aspects.The GRADE assessment rated 12 outcomes as moderate quality and 6 as low quality.The mechanisms of electroacupuncture treatment for ischemic stroke can be categorized as five primary pathways:(1)Electroacupuncture significantly reduced infarct volume and apoptotic cell death(P<0.01)in ischemic stroke models;(2)electroacupuncture significantly decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory factors(P<0.01)while increasing the levels of anti-inflammatory factors(P=0.02);(3)electroacupuncture reduced the levels of oxidative stress indicators(P<0.01)and enhanced the expression of antioxidant enzymes(P<0.01);(4)electroacupuncture significantly promoted nerve regeneration(P<0.01);and(5)electroacupuncture influenced blood flow remodeling(P<0.01)and angiogenesis(P<0.01).Subgroup analyses indicated that electroacupuncture was most effective in the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model(P<0.01)and in post-middle cerebral artery occlusion intervention(P<0.01).Dispersive waves were found to outperform continuous waves with respect to neuroprotection and anti-inflammatory effects(P<0.01),while scalp acupoints demonstrated greater efficacy than body acupoints(P<0.01).The heterogeneity among the included studies was minimal,and sensitivity analyses indicated stable results.Their methodological quality was generally satisfactory.In conclusion,electroacupuncture is effective in treating cerebral ischemia by modulating cell apoptosis,oxidative stress,inflammation,stroke-induced nerve regeneration,blood flow remodeling,and angiogenesis.The efficacy of electroacupuncture may be influenced by factors such as the middle cerebral artery occlusion model,the timing of intervention onset,waveform,and acupoint selection.Despite the moderate to low quality of evidence,these findings suggest that electroacupuncture has clinical potential for improving outcomes in ischemic stroke.
基金supported by Qingdao Key Medical and Health Discipline ProjectThe Intramural Research Program of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University,No. 4910Qingdao West Coast New Area Science and Technology Project,No. 2020-55 (all to SW)。
文摘Border-associated macrophages are located at the interface between the brain and the periphery, including the perivascular spaces, choroid plexus, and meninges. Until recently, the functions of border-associated macrophages have been poorly understood and largely overlooked. However, a recent study reported that border-associated macrophages participate in stroke-induced inflammation, although many details and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we performed a comprehensive single-cell analysis of mouse border-associated macrophages using sequencing data obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO) database(GSE174574 and GSE225948). Differentially expressed genes were identified, and enrichment analysis was performed to identify the transcription profile of border-associated macrophages. CellChat analysis was conducted to determine the cell communication network of border-associated macrophages. Transcription factors were predicted using the ‘pySCENIC' tool. We found that, in response to hypoxia, borderassociated macrophages underwent dynamic transcriptional changes and participated in the regulation of inflammatory-related pathways. Notably, the tumor necrosis factor pathway was activated by border-associated macrophages following ischemic stroke. The pySCENIC analysis indicated that the activity of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(Stat3) was obviously upregulated in stroke, suggesting that Stat3 inhibition may be a promising strategy for treating border-associated macrophages-induced neuroinflammation. Finally, we constructed an animal model to investigate the effects of border-associated macrophages depletion following a stroke. Treatment with liposomes containing clodronate significantly reduced infarct volume in the animals and improved neurological scores compared with untreated animals. Taken together, our results demonstrate comprehensive changes in border-associated macrophages following a stroke, providing a theoretical basis for targeting border-associated macrophages-induced neuroinflammation in stroke treatment.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(202203021221303)the Science and Technology Major Project of Shanxi Province(202005D121002)the Science and Technology Cooperation and Communication Project of Shanxi Province(202304041101016)。
文摘Propylene oxide(PO)is an important petrochemical materials used to produce downstream products such as propylene glycol(PG),polyether polyols,and dipropylene glycol(DPG).Among these,DPG is commonly used as a solvent for fragrances,cosmetics,food additives,and detergents,and can also be served as a moisturizer in cosmetics,showing broad application prospects.The distribution of DPG isomers in the products synthesized from PO and PG has a significant impactΔrGΔrHΔfHθΔfGθPO+PG⇌DPG PO+DPG⇌TPG PG+PG⇌DPG+H_(2)O PG+DPG⇌TPG+H_(2)O on the quality of the products.Therefore,conducting thermodynamic calculation on the reaction of PO and PG to synthesize DPG can provide a theoretical basis for practical operations and product distribution regulation.So,in this paper,the thermodynamic parameters of PO,1,2-PG,H_(2)O,tripropylene glycol(TPG)and three isomers of DPG under different reaction conditions is calculated.Additionally,the,and lnK for four potential reactions at various reaction temperatures and pressures are calculated.By designing isodesmic reactions and combining the results of thermodynamic calculations,the and for the isomers of DPG are obtained,and the relative error is less than 7%.The results show that in the process of preparing DPG by PO and PG,when PO∶PG=1,the reaction temperature ranges from 298.15 to 413.15 K,and the pressure ranges from 101.325 to 506.625 kPa,the reactions of and are thermodynamically spontaneous.While the reactions of and are thermodynamically unspontaneous.The optimal reaction temperature and pressure are 413.15 K and 101.325 kPa.The thermodynamic stability of the three isomers is DPG1>DPG2>DPG3 under standard conditions.The accuracy of the computational results is verified through experimental design,and based on this,the factors affecting product distribution are analyzed.
文摘Black nickel coatings have emerged as a research hotspot in materials science due to their excellent performance and broad application prospects.In this study,nickel-based black coatings were fabricated on low-carbon steel substrates via photo-assisted electrodeposition.A systematic investigation was conducted on the effects of cerium ion concentration and nano-ceria(CeO_(2))particle content in the electrolyte on the coating properties,along with an analysis of the temporal evolution of coating’s corrosion resistance.When the cerium ion concentration in the electrolyte was 0.05 mol/L,the coating exhibited a uniform black appearance with a light absorption rate of 95%,an emissivity of 0.87,maximum impedance,and the lowest corrosion tendency,demonstrating optimal comprehensive performance.The coating prepared with a nano-ceria concentration of 6 g/L in the electrolyte exhibited an emissivity of 0.9,achieved a 5B adhesion grade(ASTM D3359-09),and demonstrated a one-order-of-magnitude reduction in corrosion current density compared to coatings fabricated without nano-ceria in the electrolyte.With prolonged storage time,the coating's impedance slightly increased,leading to improved corrosion resistance.
文摘It is crucial to develop arsenic removal adsorbents with strong sulfur resistance under middle-low-temperature flue gas conditions(<400℃).In this work,five Fe-Ce-La oxides were prepared by co-precipitation method,and FeCeLaO/SiO_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3) composite adsorbents were prepared by coupling fly ash-based Si-Al carriers.The active components Fe-Ce-La oxides and Si-Al carriers were characterized by TPD,TG,XRF,BET and XPS,respectively.The effects of temperature,Si/Al ratio and FeCeLaO loading rate on the sulfur resistance were investigated.Results show that the SO_(2) promotes the arsenic removal of Fe_(2)O_(3),CeLaO and FeCeLaO.At 400℃,the arsenic removal efficiencies of the three oxides increase from 45.3%,72.5% and 81.3% without SO_(2) to 62.6%,80.5%and 91.0%,respectively.The SO_(2) inhibits the arsenic removal of La_(2)O_(2)CO_(3) and FeLaO,and the inhibition effect is pronounced at high temperatures.The sulfur poisoning resistance of Si-Al carriers increases with the increase of Si/Al ratio.When the Si/Al ratio is increased to 9.74,the arsenic removal efficiency in the SO_(2) environment is 13.9% higher than that in the absence of SO_(2).Introducing FeCeLaO active components is beneficial for enhancing the SO_(2) poisoning resistance of Si-Al carriers.The strong sulfur resistance of the FeCeLaO/SiO_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3) composite adsorbent results from multiple factors:protective effects of Ce on Fe,La and Al;sulfation-induced generation of Ce^(3+)and surface-adsorbed oxygen;and strong surface acidity of SiO_(2).
文摘Six new lanthanide complexes:[Ln(3,4-DEOBA)3(4,4'-DM-2,2'-bipy)]2·2C_(2)H_(5)OH,[Ln=Dy(1),Eu(2),Tb(3),Sm(4),Ho(5),Gd(6);3,4-DEOBA-=3,4-diethoxybenzoate,4,4'-DM-2,2'-bipy=4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine]were successfully synthesized by the volatilization of the solution at room temperature.The crystal structures of six complexes were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction technology.The results showed that the complexes all have a binuclear structure,and the structures contain free ethanol molecules.Moreover,the coordination number of the central metal of each structural unit is eight.Adjacent structural units interact with each other through hydrogen bonds and further expand to form 1D chain-like and 2D planar structures.After conducting a systematic study on the luminescence properties of complexes 1-4,their emission and excitation spectra were obtained.Experimental results indicated that the fluorescence lifetimes of complexes 2 and 3 were 0.807 and 0.845 ms,respectively.The emission spectral data of complexes 1-4 were imported into the CIE chromaticity coordinate system,and their corre sponding luminescent regions cover the yellow light,red light,green light,and orange-red light bands,respectively.Within the temperature range of 299.15-1300 K,the thermal decomposition processes of the six complexes were comprehensively analyzed by using TG-DSC/FTIR/MS technology.The hypothesis of the gradual loss of ligand groups during the decomposition process was verified by detecting the escaped gas,3D infrared spectroscopy,and ion fragment information detected by mass spectrometry.The specific decomposition path is as follows:firstly,free ethanol molecules and neutral ligands are removed,and finally,acidic ligands are released;the final product is the corresponding metal oxide.CCDC:2430420,1;2430422,2;2430419,3;2430424,4;2430421,5;2430423,6.
文摘Fatty acids are the main constituents of vegetable oils.To determine the fatty acid compositions of small trade vegetable oils and some less well studied beneficial vegetable oils,and investigate their relationships with antioxidant activity and oxidative stability,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed to characterize the associated fatty acid profiles.The antioxidant activity of vegetable oils,based on their DPPH-scavenging capacity(expressed as IC_(50) values),was used to assess their impact on human health,and their oxidative stability was characterized by performing lipid oxidation analysis to determine the oxidative induction time of fats and oils.In addition,correlation analyses were performed to examine associations between the fatty acid composition of the oils and DPPH-scavenging capacity and oxidative stability.The results revealed that among the assessed oils,coffee seed oil has the highest saturated fatty acid content(355.10 mg/g),whereas Garddenia jaminoides oil has the highest unsaturated fatty acid content(844.84 mg/g).Coffee seed oil was also found have the lowest DPPH IC_(50) value(2.30 mg/mL)and the longest oxidation induction time(17.09 h).Correlation analysis revealed a significant linear relationship(P<0.05)between oxidative stability and unsaturated fatty acid content,with lower contents tending to be associated with better oxidative stability.The findings of this study provide reference data for the screening of functional edible vegetable oils.
文摘Background:Pistacia chinensis Bunge has been traditionally used to manage various conditions,including asthma,pain,inflammation,hepatoprotection,and diabetes.The study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant and anti-lipoxygenase(LOX)properties of the isolated compound 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one from Pistacia chinensis.Methods:LOX assay and antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)assay were performed.Molecular docking studies were conducted using a molecular operating environment.Results:The LOX assay revealed significant inhibitory effects at 0.2µM concentration,with an IC50 value of 37.80µM.The antioxidant effect demonstrated dose-dependency across 5 to 100µg/mL concentrations,reaching 93.09%at 100µg/mL,comparable to ascorbic acid’s 95.43%effect.Molecular docking studies highlighted strong interactions with the lipoxygenase enzyme,presenting an excellent docking score of-10.98 kcal/mol.Conclusion:These findings provide valuable insights into Pistacia chinensis’chemical components and biological effects,reinforcing its traditional medicinal applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U22A20106,52201112,and U22A20173)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(N25LJ002).
文摘Coating-free press-hardened steel(CF-PHS)had effectively tackled the challenge of high-temperature oxidation during processing through Cr-Si alloying strategy.However,it is equally essential to investigate its corrosion resistance and the role of the oxide scale in corrosion environments.The corrosion resistance of CF-PHS with and without oxide scale was comprehensively evaluated by analyzing electrochemical processes and corrosion products,as well as characterizing the corroded oxide scale features,while comparing it with commercial 22MnB5 steel.The results indicate that CF-PHS exhibits superior corrosion resistance compared to 22MnB5 steel and the presence of oxide scale may have a negative influence on short-time corrosion resistance.The ultra-thin oxide scale is unable to effectively and timely mitigate pit propagation during the rapid electrochemical tests.Conversely,during the prolonged corrosion process,the oxide scale can still function as the physical barrier to provide protective effects,making the corrosion process develop more slowly and evenly.
文摘The Savitzky-Golay(SG)filter,which employs polynomial least-squares approximations to smooth data and estimate derivatives,is widely used for processing noisy data.However,noise suppression by the SG filter is recognized to be limited at data boundaries and high frequencies,which can significantly reduce the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR).To solve this problem,a novel method synergistically integrating Principal Component Analysis(PCA)with SG filtering is proposed in this paper.This approach avoids the is-sue of excessive smoothing associated with larger window sizes.The proposed PCA-SG filtering algorithm was applied to a CO gas sensing system based on Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy(CRDS).The perform-ance of the PCA-SG filtering algorithm is demonstrated through comparison with Moving Average Filtering(MAF),Wavelet Transformation(WT),Kalman Filtering(KF),and the SG filter.The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm exhibits superior noise reduction capabilities compared to the other algorithms evaluated.The SNR of the ring-down signal was improved from 11.8612 dB to 29.0913 dB,and the stand-ard deviation of the extracted ring-down time constant was reduced from 0.037μs to 0.018μs.These results confirm that the proposed PCA-SG filtering algorithm effectively improves the smoothness of the ring-down curve data,demonstrating its feasibility.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the global,regional,and national burden and determinants of Acute Respiratory Infections(ARIs)among children and adolescents from 1990 to 2021.Methods:We analysed ARI mortality and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs),stratified by age,sex,and economic development level based on data retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease study 2021.Decomposition and frontier analyses were employed to identify key drivers of burden variation and visualize potential reductions based on development levels.Results:Between 1990 and 2021,the global burden of ARIs showed a significant decline in both achievable age-standardized DALYs rate and age-standardized mortality rates(EAPC=-3.87 and-3.81,respectively).Different age groups and sex witnessed different levels of ARI burden,males experienced heavier burden than females and the 0-4 years-old group experienced heavier burden than other study age groups.Most of the 204 countries and territories experienced a downward trend of ARI burden,with slight increases observed only in Lesotho and Dominica.A negative correlation was found between the Socio-demographic Index and ARI burden.Decomposition analysis indicated that the significant decreases in deaths and DALYs were primarily driven by epidemiological changes.Conclusions:The global burden of ARIs among children and adolescents has declined over the past three decades,but substantial regional disparities persist.Targeted public health strategies are needed to address the continued ARI burden in high-risk regions and vulnerable age groups.
基金support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2024YFB3713705)is acknowledgedWangzhong Mu would like to acknowledge the Strategic Mobility,Sweden(SSF,No.SM22-0039)+1 种基金the Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education(STINT,No.IB2022-9228)the Jernkontoret(Sweden)for supporting this clean steel research.Gonghao Lian would like to acknowledge China Scholarship Council(CSC,No.202306080032).
文摘The detection and characterization of non-metallic inclusions are essential for clean steel production.Recently,imaging analysis combined with high-dimensional data processing of metallic materials using artificial intelligence(AI)-based machine learning(ML)has developed rapidly.This technique has achieved impressive results in the field of inclusion classification in process metallurgy.The present study surveys the ML modeling of inclusion prediction in advanced steels,including the detection,classification,and feature prediction of inclusions in different steel grades.Studies on clean steel with different features based on data and image analysis via ML are summarized.Regarding the data analysis,the inclusion prediction methodology based on ML establishes a connection between the experimental parameters and inclusion characteristics and analyzes the importance of the experimental parameters.Regarding the image analysis,the focus is placed on the classification of different types of inclusions via deep learning,in comparison with data analysis.Finally,further development of inclusion analyses using ML-based methods is recommended.This work paves the way for the application of AIbased methodologies for ultraclean-steel studies from a sustainable metallurgy perspective.
基金supported by the Key Scientific and Technological Grant of Zhejiang for Breeding New Agricultural Varieties(Grant No.2021C12066-4)Huzhou Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Team Project(Grant No.2022HN01).
文摘Red-fleshed fruits are valued for their vibrant color and high anthocyanin content.Pre-harvest fruit bagging enhances fruit peel pigmentation,but its effect on flesh coloration remains poorly characterized.This study revealed that removing bags from‘Gengcunyangtao’red-fleshed peach fruits triggers the rapid and uniform accumulation of anthocyanins in the flesh,resulting in anthocyanin levels that exceed those in unbagged fruits.The exposure to light after bag removal triggered significant increases in anthocyanin levels within 24 h.This was accompanied by the rapid upregulation of light-responsive and flavonoid biosynthetic gene expression levels within 6 h.A metabolomic analysis indicated that anthocyanin precursors,especially p-coumaric acid,accumulated before bag removal,thereby increasing substrate availability for rapid anthocyanin synthesis.On the basis of a weighted gene co-expression network analysis,MYB transcription factors,anthocyanin transporters,glutathione S-transferase,and multidrug and toxic compound extrusion(MATE)were identified as key regulators that coordinate precursor storage along with light-induced transcriptional activation.Notably,PpMYB4 binds to the promoter of PpGSTF14 and activates its expression,thereby promoting anthocyanin accumulation.The study findings elucidated the temporal coordination of metabolic priming and light-responsive transcriptional regulation driving rapid anthocyanin biosynthesis,with possible implications for improving peach fruit flesh coloration.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program(2022YFF1300500)the Spring Goose Support Program(CYQN24018)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32572123)。
文摘Dianthus spiculifolius Schur,as an emerging ornamental plant,has extensive applications and economic values.In this study,the DsCBL4 gene was successfully cloned,and its tissue-specific expression,expression patterns under various abiotic stresses,subcellular localization,and bioinformatics analysis of the encoded amino acid sequence were conducted.The results showed that the coding region of the DsCBL4 gene was 675 bp long,encoding 224 amino acids.It had high homology with the amino acids encoded by Amaranthus tricolor,Chenopodium quinoa and Spinacia oleracea.The predicted relative molecular mass of DsCBL4 was 25.61 ku,with an isoelectric point of 4.58,and it had phosphorylation sites,belonging to an unstable hydrophilic protein.Its secondary structure includedα-helices,irregular coils and extended chains.The tertiary structure prediction revealed that DsCBL4 had four EFhand calcium-binding domains necessary for Ca2+binding in plant calmodulin-like proteins and the FPSF motif for calcineurin B-like protein(CBL)-interacting protein kinase(CIPK)activation.The expression level of the DsCBL4 gene showed tissue specificity,with the highest expression in roots.It was induced by drought,low temperature,combined drought and low temperature,salt stress,nitrogen stress,phosphorus stress,calcium ion stress,high temperature stress,and abscisic acid(ABA)stress.Both transient infection in Nicotiana tabacum L.and stable expression in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana showed that the DsCBL4 protein was localized to the cell membrane.These results suggested that DsCBL4 might be involved in the abiotic stress response of Dianthus spiculifolius through the calcium signaling pathway,providing a theoretical basis for understanding its molecular mechanism.This study provided an important reference for further exploring the role of the DsCBLs gene family in plant stress resistance.
基金supported by grants from the Tianjin Health Technology Project(Grant no.2022QN106).
文摘Background:Receptor-interacting protein kinases(RIPKs)regulate cell death,inflammation,and immune responses,yet their roles in cancer are not fully understood.This study investigates the expression,genomic alterations,and functional implications of RIPK family members across various cancers.Methods:We collected multi-omics data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and other public databases,including gene expression,copy number variation(CNV),mutation,methylation,tumor mutation burden(TMB),and microsatellite instability(MSI).Differential expression and survival analyses were performed using DESeq2 and Cox proportional hazards models.CNV and mutation data were analyzed with GISTIC2 and Mutect2,and methylation data with the ChAMP package.Correlations with TMB and MSI were assessed using Pearson coefficients,and gene set enrichment analysis was conducted with the MSigDB Hallmark gene sets.Results:RIPK family members show significant differential expression in various cancers,with RIPK1 and RIPK4 frequently altered.Survival analysis reveals heterogeneous impacts on overall survival.CNV and mutation analyses identify high alteration frequencies for RIPK2 and RIPK7,affecting gene expression.RIPK1 and RIPK7 are hypermethylated in several cancers,inversely correlating with RIPK3 expression.RIPK1,RIPK2,RIPK5,RIPK6,and RIPK7 correlate positively with TMB,while RIPK3 shows negative correlations in some cancers.MSI analysis indicates associations with DNA mismatch repair.G ene set enrichment analysis highlights immune-related pathway enrichment for RIPK1,RIPK2,RIPK3,and RIPK6,and cell proliferation and DNA repair pathways for RIPK4 and RIPK5.RIPK family members showed heterogeneous alterations across cancers:for example,RIPK7 was mutated in up to~15%of u terine c orpus e ndometrial c arcinoma and l ung s quamous c ell c arcinoma cases,and RIPK1 and RIPK7 exhibited frequent promoter hypermethylation in multiple tumor types.Several genes displayed context-dependent associations with overall survival and with TMB/MSI.Conclusion:This pan-cancer analysis of the RIPK family reveals their diverse roles and potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.The findings emphasize the importance of RIPK genes in tumorigenesis and suggest context-dependent functions across cancer types.Further studies are needed to explore their mechanisms in cancer development and clinical applications.
