The structure and the characteristic power spectrum of a new lower hybrid wave antenna on the HT-7 tokamak are briefly described in this paper. The main experimental properties with the new antenna have been demonstra...The structure and the characteristic power spectrum of a new lower hybrid wave antenna on the HT-7 tokamak are briefly described in this paper. The main experimental properties with the new antenna have been demonstrated by showing the dependence of current drive efficiency and particle confinement time on phase difference between adjacent waveguides of the antenna. A few preliminary analyses about the experimental results are also discussed in the paper.展开更多
Floating flower art belongs to a category of embossing art,which is a kind of garden art that makes plant materials into flower decorations after treatment.In this paper,the whole technological process of making float...Floating flower art belongs to a category of embossing art,which is a kind of garden art that makes plant materials into flower decorations after treatment.In this paper,the whole technological process of making floating flower products was described in detail,and the unique manufacturing process of Japanese embossing brand "Sola Cube" was analyzed,in order to provide some theoretical reference for floating flower lovers and promote its development in China.展开更多
In angiosperms,floral architecture diversity reflects its significance in exploring plant evolution.Magnolia polytepala,an endemic and ancient species in China,possesses a unique multi-tepal trait.Notably,the origin a...In angiosperms,floral architecture diversity reflects its significance in exploring plant evolution.Magnolia polytepala,an endemic and ancient species in China,possesses a unique multi-tepal trait.Notably,the origin and formation of these multi-tepals are poorly understood.In this study,we investigated the origin and formation of multi-tepals from the inner floral whorl and elucidated the underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms by combining phenotypic analysis,sequencing,and molecular experiments.We found that the multi-tepals exhibited morpho-anatomical characteristics similar to normal tepals but differed from petaloid and normal stamens.The temporal dynamics of a large number of differentially expressed genes(DEGs)involved in multiple signaling(transduction)pathways contributed to multi-tepal primordia initiation during early floral differentiation.In particular,the dynamic expression of MpW OX4,MpCLE41,MpULT1,and MpKN1 might be responsible for floral meristem activation and maintenance,while MpTGA1 and MpEJ2 potentially regulated floral organ initiation.Floral homeotic genes,such as MapoAP3,contributed to subsequent organ identity specialization.We further isolated a nucleus-localized APETALA3 homolog from M.polytepala,terming it the MapoAPETALA3(MapoAP3)gene,which was expressed in almost all vegetative and reproductive tissues.Ectopically expressing MapoAP3 in Arabidopsis resulted in altered phenotypes of rosette leaves,inflorescences,and florets,particularly generating extra petals instead of undergoing homeotic organ conversion.This discovery revealed an additional function of MapoAP3 in regulating organ initiation in addition to its conserved B-function in floral architecture plasticity.In summary,the multi-tepals of M.polytepala originated from the early tepal primordia initiation event rather than stamen petalody.The formation of the multi-tepal trait was attributed to the coordinated regulation of several vital DEGs,with the MapoAP3 gene playing an important role.These results provide additional insight into the regulation underlying the floral architecture formation in ancient Magnolia species and suggest that manipulating the MapoAP3 gene may hold promising potential for genetic breeding in ornamental plants.展开更多
Aim:The present study was conducted to investigate the protective effect of chamomile fl owers methanolic extract(CFME)and fennel seeds methanolic extract(FSME)on azathioprine(AZA),an immunosuppressant drug,which indu...Aim:The present study was conducted to investigate the protective effect of chamomile fl owers methanolic extract(CFME)and fennel seeds methanolic extract(FSME)on azathioprine(AZA),an immunosuppressant drug,which induced a liver injury and oxidative stress in rats.Methods:Rats were divided into 6 groups(8 rats each)and treated orally for 28 consecutive days as follows.Group 1:rats were given normal saline and used as controls;group 2:rats treated with CFME(200 mg/kg);group 3:rats treated with FSME(200 mg/kg);group 4:rats treated with AZA(25 mg/kg);and groups 5 and 6:rats treated with CFME(200 mg/kg)or FSME(200 mg/kg)15 min prior to AZA(25 mg/kg)treatment.At the end of experimental period,blood and liver samples were collected from all groups for biochemical analysis and histological examination.Results:The obtained data revealed that AZA-induced hepatic injury in the rats as evidenced by the signifi cant increase in serum aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,alkaline phosphatase,cholesterol,and direct bilirubin as well as hepatic malondialdehyde level accompanied with signifi cant decrease in reduced glutathione content and total antioxidant capacity in the liver.Moreover,body weight gain showed the signifi cant decrease and relative liver weight showed the signifi cant increase on AZA treatment.The sequential signifi cant changes in biochemical parameters were accompanied by severe histological changes in the liver tissue,including hepatocytes disorganization with pyknotic nuclei,fatty degeneration,congestion,fi brosis,and bile duct necrosis around the portal tract.The areas of hemorrhages in blood vessels and in between hepatocytes were also seen.However,the results showed the potential hepatoprotective effects of CFME and FSME against AZA-induced liver injury and oxidative stress.They succeeded in restoring the biochemical parameters and improving the histological picture of the liver.This improvement was more pronounced in the rats pretreated with FSME.Conclusion:It could be concluded that CFME and FSME have hepatoprotective potentials against AZA probably due to their antioxidant properties and radical scavenging activity.展开更多
Cymbidium goeringii is an economically important ornamental plant,and flower color is one of the main features of C.goeringii that contributes to its high economic value.To clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying ...Cymbidium goeringii is an economically important ornamental plant,and flower color is one of the main features of C.goeringii that contributes to its high economic value.To clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of anthocyanins in mediating differences in color among varieties,liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was used to perform anthocyanin-targeted metabolomics of seven C.goeringii varieties,including‘Jin Qian Yuan’(JQY),‘Jin Xiu Qian Yuan’(JXQY),‘Miao Jiang Su Die’(MJSD),‘Qian Ming Su’(QMS),‘Shi Chan’(SC),and‘Yang Ming Su’(YMS),as well as the C.goeringii.We detected 64 anthocyanins,including cyanidins,delphinidins,malvidins,pelargonidins,peonidins,petunidins,procyanidins,and flavonoids.We identified six shared differentially accumulated metabolites(DAMs),including cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside,delphinidin-3-Osophoroside,pelargonidin-3-O-rutinoside,peonidin-3-O-(6-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucoside),peonidin-3-Osophoroside,and chalcone.Most DAMs were enriched in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis revealed that the differentially expressed metabolites were significantly enriched in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway.Analysis of the content of differentially expressed metabolites indicated that peonidin-3-O-(6-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucoside)was the key metabolite underlying color differences among C.goeringii varieties.Procyanidin B2,pelargonidin-3-O-galactoside,and naringenin might also affect the color formation of JQY and QMS,SC,and MJSD,respectively.The results of this study shed light on the metabolic mechanism underlying flower color differences in C.goeringii at the molecular level.Our findings will aid future studies of the mechanism of flower color regulation in C.goeringii and have implications for the breeding of new varieties.展开更多
DNA methylation is an important epigenetic regulatory mechanism,it regulates gene expression by recruiting proteins involved in gene repression or by inhibiting the binding of transcription factor(s)to DNA.In this stu...DNA methylation is an important epigenetic regulatory mechanism,it regulates gene expression by recruiting proteins involved in gene repression or by inhibiting the binding of transcription factor(s)to DNA.In this study,a novel methyltransferase 2a gene(Zmet2a)was cloned in maize and identified by polymerase chain reaction-base(PCR-base)using a bioinformatics strategy.The Zmet2a cDNA sequence is 2739 bp long and translates to 912 amino acid peptides.The Zmet2a protein revealed that it contains BAH and CHROMO structural domains,is a non-transmembrane protein that is hydrophilically unstable,and has no signal peptide structure.Meanwhile,we verified the biological roles of Zmet2a using transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing Zmet2a and Zmet2a-knockout maize.Transgenic Zmet2a Arabidopsis thaliana showed highly significant advancement inflowering time,and Zmet2a-knockout maize showed advancement inflowering time,with significant changes in several traits.Altogether,these report the role of Zmet2a in the regulation offlowering time,which will lay a foundation for revealing the biological function and epigenetic regulation mechanism of Zmet2a in the growth,development andflowering of maize.展开更多
基金The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 10205015)
文摘The structure and the characteristic power spectrum of a new lower hybrid wave antenna on the HT-7 tokamak are briefly described in this paper. The main experimental properties with the new antenna have been demonstrated by showing the dependence of current drive efficiency and particle confinement time on phase difference between adjacent waveguides of the antenna. A few preliminary analyses about the experimental results are also discussed in the paper.
基金Sponsored by Provincial Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Project for College Students in 2018(201812622013x)College Students’ Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Project in 2017(CJDC2017045)
文摘Floating flower art belongs to a category of embossing art,which is a kind of garden art that makes plant materials into flower decorations after treatment.In this paper,the whole technological process of making floating flower products was described in detail,and the unique manufacturing process of Japanese embossing brand "Sola Cube" was analyzed,in order to provide some theoretical reference for floating flower lovers and promote its development in China.
基金supported by grants from the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.KYCX19_1080)A Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)the Doctorate Fellowship Foundation of Nanjing Forestry University。
文摘In angiosperms,floral architecture diversity reflects its significance in exploring plant evolution.Magnolia polytepala,an endemic and ancient species in China,possesses a unique multi-tepal trait.Notably,the origin and formation of these multi-tepals are poorly understood.In this study,we investigated the origin and formation of multi-tepals from the inner floral whorl and elucidated the underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms by combining phenotypic analysis,sequencing,and molecular experiments.We found that the multi-tepals exhibited morpho-anatomical characteristics similar to normal tepals but differed from petaloid and normal stamens.The temporal dynamics of a large number of differentially expressed genes(DEGs)involved in multiple signaling(transduction)pathways contributed to multi-tepal primordia initiation during early floral differentiation.In particular,the dynamic expression of MpW OX4,MpCLE41,MpULT1,and MpKN1 might be responsible for floral meristem activation and maintenance,while MpTGA1 and MpEJ2 potentially regulated floral organ initiation.Floral homeotic genes,such as MapoAP3,contributed to subsequent organ identity specialization.We further isolated a nucleus-localized APETALA3 homolog from M.polytepala,terming it the MapoAPETALA3(MapoAP3)gene,which was expressed in almost all vegetative and reproductive tissues.Ectopically expressing MapoAP3 in Arabidopsis resulted in altered phenotypes of rosette leaves,inflorescences,and florets,particularly generating extra petals instead of undergoing homeotic organ conversion.This discovery revealed an additional function of MapoAP3 in regulating organ initiation in addition to its conserved B-function in floral architecture plasticity.In summary,the multi-tepals of M.polytepala originated from the early tepal primordia initiation event rather than stamen petalody.The formation of the multi-tepal trait was attributed to the coordinated regulation of several vital DEGs,with the MapoAP3 gene playing an important role.These results provide additional insight into the regulation underlying the floral architecture formation in ancient Magnolia species and suggest that manipulating the MapoAP3 gene may hold promising potential for genetic breeding in ornamental plants.
文摘Aim:The present study was conducted to investigate the protective effect of chamomile fl owers methanolic extract(CFME)and fennel seeds methanolic extract(FSME)on azathioprine(AZA),an immunosuppressant drug,which induced a liver injury and oxidative stress in rats.Methods:Rats were divided into 6 groups(8 rats each)and treated orally for 28 consecutive days as follows.Group 1:rats were given normal saline and used as controls;group 2:rats treated with CFME(200 mg/kg);group 3:rats treated with FSME(200 mg/kg);group 4:rats treated with AZA(25 mg/kg);and groups 5 and 6:rats treated with CFME(200 mg/kg)or FSME(200 mg/kg)15 min prior to AZA(25 mg/kg)treatment.At the end of experimental period,blood and liver samples were collected from all groups for biochemical analysis and histological examination.Results:The obtained data revealed that AZA-induced hepatic injury in the rats as evidenced by the signifi cant increase in serum aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,alkaline phosphatase,cholesterol,and direct bilirubin as well as hepatic malondialdehyde level accompanied with signifi cant decrease in reduced glutathione content and total antioxidant capacity in the liver.Moreover,body weight gain showed the signifi cant decrease and relative liver weight showed the signifi cant increase on AZA treatment.The sequential signifi cant changes in biochemical parameters were accompanied by severe histological changes in the liver tissue,including hepatocytes disorganization with pyknotic nuclei,fatty degeneration,congestion,fi brosis,and bile duct necrosis around the portal tract.The areas of hemorrhages in blood vessels and in between hepatocytes were also seen.However,the results showed the potential hepatoprotective effects of CFME and FSME against AZA-induced liver injury and oxidative stress.They succeeded in restoring the biochemical parameters and improving the histological picture of the liver.This improvement was more pronounced in the rats pretreated with FSME.Conclusion:It could be concluded that CFME and FSME have hepatoprotective potentials against AZA probably due to their antioxidant properties and radical scavenging activity.
基金supported by the Study on Resource Collection and New Variety Breeding of the Guizhou Mountainous Characteristic Flower C.goeringii(QianKeHe[2022]General 107)the Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China,Guizhou Academy of Forestry.
文摘Cymbidium goeringii is an economically important ornamental plant,and flower color is one of the main features of C.goeringii that contributes to its high economic value.To clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of anthocyanins in mediating differences in color among varieties,liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was used to perform anthocyanin-targeted metabolomics of seven C.goeringii varieties,including‘Jin Qian Yuan’(JQY),‘Jin Xiu Qian Yuan’(JXQY),‘Miao Jiang Su Die’(MJSD),‘Qian Ming Su’(QMS),‘Shi Chan’(SC),and‘Yang Ming Su’(YMS),as well as the C.goeringii.We detected 64 anthocyanins,including cyanidins,delphinidins,malvidins,pelargonidins,peonidins,petunidins,procyanidins,and flavonoids.We identified six shared differentially accumulated metabolites(DAMs),including cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside,delphinidin-3-Osophoroside,pelargonidin-3-O-rutinoside,peonidin-3-O-(6-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucoside),peonidin-3-Osophoroside,and chalcone.Most DAMs were enriched in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis revealed that the differentially expressed metabolites were significantly enriched in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway.Analysis of the content of differentially expressed metabolites indicated that peonidin-3-O-(6-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucoside)was the key metabolite underlying color differences among C.goeringii varieties.Procyanidin B2,pelargonidin-3-O-galactoside,and naringenin might also affect the color formation of JQY and QMS,SC,and MJSD,respectively.The results of this study shed light on the metabolic mechanism underlying flower color differences in C.goeringii at the molecular level.Our findings will aid future studies of the mechanism of flower color regulation in C.goeringii and have implications for the breeding of new varieties.
基金supported by Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Program(20220202014NC)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(#31471565 and#31170259).
文摘DNA methylation is an important epigenetic regulatory mechanism,it regulates gene expression by recruiting proteins involved in gene repression or by inhibiting the binding of transcription factor(s)to DNA.In this study,a novel methyltransferase 2a gene(Zmet2a)was cloned in maize and identified by polymerase chain reaction-base(PCR-base)using a bioinformatics strategy.The Zmet2a cDNA sequence is 2739 bp long and translates to 912 amino acid peptides.The Zmet2a protein revealed that it contains BAH and CHROMO structural domains,is a non-transmembrane protein that is hydrophilically unstable,and has no signal peptide structure.Meanwhile,we verified the biological roles of Zmet2a using transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing Zmet2a and Zmet2a-knockout maize.Transgenic Zmet2a Arabidopsis thaliana showed highly significant advancement inflowering time,and Zmet2a-knockout maize showed advancement inflowering time,with significant changes in several traits.Altogether,these report the role of Zmet2a in the regulation offlowering time,which will lay a foundation for revealing the biological function and epigenetic regulation mechanism of Zmet2a in the growth,development andflowering of maize.
基金Research supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(10671168)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK2006032)+1 种基金the Foundation of‘Liu Da Ren Cai’Plan(06-A-038)the Foundation of‘333 Gongcheng’of Jiangsu Province
