Railway bridges are susceptible to over-height truck collisions and to address this issue,it is necessary to attenuate the effect of these impacts to ensure the safety of transportation operations.This study experimen...Railway bridges are susceptible to over-height truck collisions and to address this issue,it is necessary to attenuate the effect of these impacts to ensure the safety of transportation operations.This study experimentally investigates the effectiveness of crash beams as a cushioning mechanism for railway bridges against collisions.Over-height truck and railway bridge impact events were simulated in a 1:5 scale experiment.The design parameters such as the stiffness of the crash beam and the bridge supports were scaled to evaluate different levels of attenuation.Seventeen experiments were conducted with five configurations consisting of four different types of crash beams and one no-crash beam arrangement.The results show that crash beams attenuate bridge total peak dynamic displacement responses between 14.5%and 35.7%,depending on the intensity of the impact and crash beam type.In addition,the results show that the average effectiveness in attenuating residual deformation for all four crash beams ranges from 43.03%to 83.40%.Finally,various designs and their effectiveness against lateral impacts with different speeds are discussed.The overall scope of this research is to provide objective information about the design of crash beams for railway bridges based on their response to over-height truck collisions at various speeds.展开更多
Deriving analytical solutions for tide-induced groundwater fluctuations in unconfined aquifers confronts two problems： （1） As the Boussinesq equation itself contains nonlinear terms, the ＂secular term＂ would be g...Deriving analytical solutions for tide-induced groundwater fluctuations in unconfined aquifers confronts two problems： （1） As the Boussinesq equation itself contains nonlinear terms, the ＂secular term＂ would be generated in derivation, thus making perturbation solution unable to be deduced to higher order; （2） for aquifers with sloping beaches, the perturbation parameter in existing analytical solution integrating the beach slope and hydrogeological property would be sometimes larger than 1. So the application of perturbation solutions is relatively limited. Furthermore, as the beach slope decreases, the error of analytical solution would gradually increase. Given that water table over-height would increase the aquifer thickness and speed up wave propagation, this paper integrates over-height into the perturbation parameter and adjusts boundary conditions to settle the problem of ＂secular term＂ and to derive a new high-order analytical solution for nonlinear Boussinesq equation in terms of sloping beaches. Results show that the new analytical solution is more reasonable, and the analytical accuracy is obviously improved in comparison with the existing analytical solution for a gentle slope. The new analytical solution provides a theoretical basis for analyzing the propagation characteristics （e.g., wave length and over-height variation） of tide-induced groundwater wave in unconfined aquifers, particularly those with sloping beaches.展开更多
基金Scientific Research Fund of Institute of Engineering Mechanics,China Earthquake Administration under Grant Nos.2016A06 and 2017A02the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.51678538 and 51878630+1 种基金the Transportation Consortium of South-Central States(TRANSET)US Department of Transportation(USDOT),Project No.17STUNM02。
文摘Railway bridges are susceptible to over-height truck collisions and to address this issue,it is necessary to attenuate the effect of these impacts to ensure the safety of transportation operations.This study experimentally investigates the effectiveness of crash beams as a cushioning mechanism for railway bridges against collisions.Over-height truck and railway bridge impact events were simulated in a 1:5 scale experiment.The design parameters such as the stiffness of the crash beam and the bridge supports were scaled to evaluate different levels of attenuation.Seventeen experiments were conducted with five configurations consisting of four different types of crash beams and one no-crash beam arrangement.The results show that crash beams attenuate bridge total peak dynamic displacement responses between 14.5%and 35.7%,depending on the intensity of the impact and crash beam type.In addition,the results show that the average effectiveness in attenuating residual deformation for all four crash beams ranges from 43.03%to 83.40%.Finally,various designs and their effectiveness against lateral impacts with different speeds are discussed.The overall scope of this research is to provide objective information about the design of crash beams for railway bridges based on their response to over-height truck collisions at various speeds.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51009059)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China (Grant No. 09KJA170003)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 2010B02914)the Special Commonweal Research Foundation of the Ministry of Water Conservancy (Grant No. 200901032)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
文摘Deriving analytical solutions for tide-induced groundwater fluctuations in unconfined aquifers confronts two problems： （1） As the Boussinesq equation itself contains nonlinear terms, the ＂secular term＂ would be generated in derivation, thus making perturbation solution unable to be deduced to higher order; （2） for aquifers with sloping beaches, the perturbation parameter in existing analytical solution integrating the beach slope and hydrogeological property would be sometimes larger than 1. So the application of perturbation solutions is relatively limited. Furthermore, as the beach slope decreases, the error of analytical solution would gradually increase. Given that water table over-height would increase the aquifer thickness and speed up wave propagation, this paper integrates over-height into the perturbation parameter and adjusts boundary conditions to settle the problem of ＂secular term＂ and to derive a new high-order analytical solution for nonlinear Boussinesq equation in terms of sloping beaches. Results show that the new analytical solution is more reasonable, and the analytical accuracy is obviously improved in comparison with the existing analytical solution for a gentle slope. The new analytical solution provides a theoretical basis for analyzing the propagation characteristics （e.g., wave length and over-height variation） of tide-induced groundwater wave in unconfined aquifers, particularly those with sloping beaches.
