Intercropping maize with the prostrate variety of mungbean, Vigna radiata （L.） Wilczek which grows flat along the ground can increase parasitism of the eggs of the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis （Guenée...Intercropping maize with the prostrate variety of mungbean, Vigna radiata （L.） Wilczek which grows flat along the ground can increase parasitism of the eggs of the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis （Guenée）, a crucial insect pest of maize in China, by Trichogramma ostriniae Pang Chen. This study investigated the behavioural responses of T. ostriniae to plant volatiles emitted from whole plants, leaves, and flowers of prostrate and erect varieties of mungbean in a 4-armed olfactometer. Female parasitiods were significantly attracted to the odours from some varieties of prostrate mungbean when the visit duration and the number of visits were considered, but were not attracted to the odours from any erect varieties. The attractive odours were shown to emanate from the leaves, rather than from the flowers of prostrate mungbean plants. These results have implications for the augmentation of Trichogramma parasitoids in bio-control of O. furnacalis and other crop pests.展开更多
[Objective] This program aimed at providing basis for timely and effective control of Asian corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis in waxy corn fields through investigations and researching on occurrence and damage characteri...[Objective] This program aimed at providing basis for timely and effective control of Asian corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis in waxy corn fields through investigations and researching on occurrence and damage characteristics of Ostrinia furnacalis in the main producing area of waxy corn of Shanxi Province.[Method] Attraction and collection of the adults,fixed-points and random investigations on eggs and larvae were the main methods in this research.[Result] Ostrinia furnacalis appeared in two generations per year in the field of waxy corns,the generations were basically nonoverlapping with significant interval.The peak period of the overwintering generation adults in the field of waxy corn was early to middle of June,peak period of the first generation adults was from early August to late August;peak period of the first generation eggs was from the end of early June to the binning of late June,the peak period of the second generation eggs was from the middle of early August to late August.Egg-laying performances of Ostrinia furnacalis on waxy corns in different growth period suggested that the temptation of waxy corns to egg-laying of Ostrinia furnacalis had gradually increased with the continuation of growth stages before the heading of waxy corns;while after the heading of waxy corns,the temptation of waxy corns to egg-laying of Ostrinia furnacalis had gradually reduced with the continuation of growth stages.The amount of eggs on waxy corns was more than eggs on normal corns with the same growth period and growth conditions.The first generation of Ostrinia furnacalis caused more serious damages than the second generation.The first generation larvae caused more serious damages on waxy corns with early sowing period than with middle sowing period,while the late sowing fields basically uninjured.The early sowing and middle sowing corns were damaged but lightly,due to the slight occurrence of the first generation larvae.The second generation larvae caused more serious damages in late sowing waxy corn field than in middle sowing waxy corn field.As the early sowing waxy corns were harvested before the beginning of damage peak period of the second generation larvae,they were basically uninjured or slightly damaged by the second generation larvae in general years.Because the second generation larvae were in large-scale occurrence,they had caused serious damages to late and later middle sowing waxy corns.Incidence of ear rot disease on the female ears of waxy corns was closely related to the damages of Ostrinia furnacalis on ears,which was higher on the ears infested by Ostrinia furnacalis.[Conclusion] Comprehensive control on the second generation of Ostrinia furnacalis in the mid and late sowing field of waxy corn should be strengthened.展开更多
In order to promote ＂green plant protection＂, reduce the administration dosage and residue of pesticides and control cost of environment pollution, and improve maize production, quality and agricultural ecological e...In order to promote ＂green plant protection＂, reduce the administration dosage and residue of pesticides and control cost of environment pollution, and improve maize production, quality and agricultural ecological environment safety. In this study, the control effect and benefit of bio-guide wasp virus missile（BGWVM） on Ostrinia furnacalis in Nanchong City was investigated by using insect light traps and combined method of field investigation and experimental demonstration. According to the results, applying 30-37 pairs of BGWVM per hectare exhibited an average control efficiency of 78.0%, and the control cost was 139.50-172.50 CNY/hm2, which was reduced by 142.50-168.00 CNY/hm^2 compared with conventional chemical control. Average maize yield in BGWVM demonstration plot was 817.8 kg/hm2 higher and improved by 11.0% compared with blank control plot. The output value was improved by 1 799.16 CNY/hm^2 and the revenue increased by 1 941.66-1 967.16CNY/hm2. During 2003-2014, the cumulative demonstration and popularization area of BGWVM technique in Nanchong City had reached 24 507.33 hm^2, and the cumulative yield increment reached 20.042 1 million kg. BGWVM application improved total output value by 44.092 6 million CNY and saved control cost by 3.492 3-4.117 2 million CNY, thus increasing the revenue by 47.584 9-48.209 8 million CNY. BGWVM application reduced 551.41 t of 5% dimehypo GG or 12.87 t of 90%monosultap WP. In addition, BGWVM technique is simple to use, labor-saving and safe for human, animals, environment and crops, with significant economic, ecological and social benefits and without any side effect, which has become an ideal substitute for controlling O. furnacalis and reducing chemical pesticides in organic agriculture industry, modern agriculture industry, production of green and pollution-free agricultural products and IBM prevention and control demonstration gardens.展开更多
In this study, a transgenic Bt maize hybrid (event MON 810 from Monsanto Company) expressing Cry1Ab protein derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and its negative isoline hybrid were evaluated for control of the As...In this study, a transgenic Bt maize hybrid (event MON 810 from Monsanto Company) expressing Cry1Ab protein derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and its negative isoline hybrid were evaluated for control of the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), in a field trial. Maize plants were artificially infested with neonate larvae of Asian corn borer at the mid-whorl (first-generation), pre-tassel (first- and/or second-generation), and silk (second-generation) growth stages. The transgenic Bt maize hybrid sustained significantly less leaf feeding damage (rating 1.0±0.0) than its negative isoline control (rating 7.3±0.1). With the Bt maize, 1.36.8% of plants were damaged by corn borer tunneling with <0.5 cm tunneling per stalk under different levels of infestation, compared with 100% of plants damaged with 9.325.0 cm tunneling per stalk for the negative isoline control. On average, transgenic Bt maize hybrids had only 0.010.05 tunnels per stalk and no stems were broken. In contrast, the negative isoline control had 3.118.36 tunnels per stalk and 31.273.9% of stems broken. Yields were significantly higher in transgenic Bt maize than in the control. These results demonstrate that transgenic Bt maize can significantly minimize yield losses caused by the Asian corn borer through resistance to the first- and second-generation larvae.展开更多
Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis （Guen6e）, is the most important pest of maize in China and Southeast Asia. The objective of this study was to understand the genetic basis for Asian corn borer resistance. The s...Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis （Guen6e）, is the most important pest of maize in China and Southeast Asia. The objective of this study was to understand the genetic basis for Asian corn borer resistance. The study included 162 F2：3 populations derived from Mc37 （resistant） × Zi330 （susceptible） and field data were collected in 2004 and 2005. A linkage map was constructed from 118 SSR markers. Combined quantitative trait loci （QTL） analysis combined across environments was performed by composite interval mapping method （CIM）. Four QTLs with additive effects were detected for resistance to Asian corn borer leaf feeding damage in chromosome bins 1.08, 2.04/05, 4.01, and 10.04. Three putative QTLs were detected for Asian corn borer stalk damage in chromosome bins 1.01, 2.05, and 9.01. Maize resistance to Asian corn borer and European corn borer, O. nubilalis （Hubner）, may share a common mechanism. Genes responsible for DIMBOA biosynthesis are in chromosome bin 4.01 and may increase the observed resistance to Asian corn borer leaf feeding.展开更多
Genes involved in chemosensation are essential for odorant-mediated insect behaviors. Odorant receptors(ORs) bind and respond to pheromones and plant volatiles, regulating insect behaviors such as mating and host-plan...Genes involved in chemosensation are essential for odorant-mediated insect behaviors. Odorant receptors(ORs) bind and respond to pheromones and plant volatiles, regulating insect behaviors such as mating and host-plant selection, while ionotropic receptors(IRs), which are present at lower levels in insects than ORs, influence ion channels, especially in agricultural pests. Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis, is the main pest of maize that causes huge economic losses in Asia. Twenty-one Ofur IRs have been identified, but none has been characterized. In this study, tissue-specific expression profiling, phylogenetic analysis, and electroantennography(EAG) analysis were applied to characterize the evolution, expression, and the potential function of Ofur IRs. It was found that 20 Ofur IRs were highly expressed in the antennae, except for Ofur IR75p3, whereas 10 and nine Ofur IRs were highly expressed in the proboscis and genitalia, respectively, indicating that these Ofur IRs were functionally associated with feeding and oviposition. EAG results showed that seven acids elicited responses in the antennae of O. furnacalis and that 2-oxopentanoic acid displayed a significant femalebiased response. Combined with the phylogenetic analysis, 10 Ofur IRs in clade 4 were roughly predicted to be candidate receptors for 2-oxopentanoic acid and other tested acids. These results provide basic information about Ofur IRs and may help advance the knolwedge on the olfactory system of O. furnacalis.展开更多
Insect migratory flight differs fundamentally from most other kinds of flight behavior, in that it is non-appetitive. The adult is not searching for anything, and migratory flight is not terminated by encounters with ...Insect migratory flight differs fundamentally from most other kinds of flight behavior, in that it is non-appetitive. The adult is not searching for anything, and migratory flight is not terminated by encounters with potential resources. Many insect pests of agricultural crops are long-distance migrants, moving from lower latitudes where they overwinter to higher latitudes in the spring to exploit superabundant, but seasonally ephemeral, host crops. The migratory nature of these pests is somewhat easy to recognize because of their sudden appearance in areas where they had been absent only a day or two earlier. Many other serious pests survive hostile winter conditions by diapausing, and therefore do not require migration to move between overwintering and breeding ranges. Yet there is evidence of migratory behavior engaged in by several pest species that inhabit high latitudes year-round. In these cases, the consequences of migratory flight are not immediately noticeable at the population level, because migration takes place for the most part within their larger year-round distribution. Nevertheless, the potential population-level consequences can be quite important in the contexts of pest management and insect resistance management. As a case study, I review the evidence for migratory flight behavior by individual European corn borer adults, and discuss the importance of understanding it. The kind of migratory behavior posited for pest species inhabiting a permanent distribution may be more common than we realize.展开更多
Identifying the sex pheromone systems of local pest populations facilitates their management,especially for moth species that show significant geographic variation in sex pheromone communication.We investigated the ph...Identifying the sex pheromone systems of local pest populations facilitates their management,especially for moth species that show significant geographic variation in sex pheromone communication.We investigated the pheromone production and behavioral responses of the Asian corn borer(Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée;ACB)in Xinjiang,China.The ACB produces three compounds:(Z)-12-tetradecenyl acetate(Z12-14:Ac)and(E)-12-tetradecenyl acetate(E12-14:Ac)which are two sex pheromone compounds,and n-tetradecyl acetate(14:Ac)which has variable roles in mediating behavioral responses.The ratios of these three compounds produced in female gland are geographically distinct among different populations.Quantitative analysis of pheromone production showed that the proportions of Z12-14:Ac in the E/Z isomers(i.e.,Z and E12-14:Ac)and the proportions of 14:Ac in the ternary blend respectively averaged 60.46%(SD=5.26)and 25.00%(SD=7.37),with their probabilities normally or near-normally distributed.Trapping experiments in a cornfield indicated that deploying the E/Z isomers and the three compounds in rubber septa close to their gland ratios yielded the most captured males,while other ratios that deviated from the gland ratios showed reduced field captures.The ternary blend was significantly more attractive to males than the E/Z isomers in the field,indicating a functional role of 14:Ac as the third pheromone component used by the local population.Additionally,the dose-response test demonstrated that the application of the three compounds at dosages between 200 and 350μg attracted significantly more males compared to other dosages.Therefore,the characterization of this local ACB pheromone system provides additional information about its geographic variation and serves as a basis for optimizing the pheromone-mediated control of this pest in Xinjiang.展开更多
The results of evaluation on field control efficacy of Trichogramma dendrolimi against Ostrinia furnacalis showed that the correction rates of Ostrinia furnacalis egg mass parasitism were 71.75% and 73.57%,the average...The results of evaluation on field control efficacy of Trichogramma dendrolimi against Ostrinia furnacalis showed that the correction rates of Ostrinia furnacalis egg mass parasitism were 71.75% and 73.57%,the average control effect were 65.85% and 70.24%,the restoration yield loss rates were 6.78% and 7.97%,input-output ratio at 1:27.8 and 1:33.5 in Longjiang county of Heilongjiang province in 2009 and 2010,respectively.The technology is a integration of advanced,practical,environmental safety,effective biocontrol measures,embodies the "public plant protection,green plant protection" fully,has significant economic,social and ecological benefits.展开更多
[Objective]The paper was to study the effects of asarum essential oils on physiological and biochemical indices of two agricultural pests. [Method]Asarum essential oils were extracted by different methods,and their ef...[Objective]The paper was to study the effects of asarum essential oils on physiological and biochemical indices of two agricultural pests. [Method]Asarum essential oils were extracted by different methods,and their effects on physiological and biochemical indices related to the structure of body wall（ chitin and phenoloxidase）,the physiological and biochemical indices acting on the nervous system（ Acetylcholinesterase）,and the physiological and biochemical indices acting on the digestive system（ protease,amylase and lipase） of Ostrinia furnacalis and Mythimna seperata were studied. [Result]Asarum essential oils had no effect no chitin content of body wall under the experimental concentration,and had no inhibitory effect but activated effect on polyphenol oxidase activity. Asarum essential oils could act on the nervous system of insect,and had strong inhibitory effect against acetylcholinesterase activity of O. furnacalis larvae,with inhibition rates of 24. 86%- 38. 79%. Asarum essential oils showed a significant activated effect on pepsin activity in midgut,but the activated amplitude became smaller with the prolongation of treatment time. Asarum essential oils showed a significant inhibitory effect on activities of amylase and lipase,indicating that it could play an insecticidal effect by inhibiting activity of amylase and lipase,and it could act on digestive system of insect. [Conclusion]The study laid the foundation for further development of asarum as botanical pesticide.展开更多
The susceptibility of the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) formulation and Bt corn was evaluated using insect bioassays for 6 years. Four strains of O. furnacalis were developed by ...The susceptibility of the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) formulation and Bt corn was evaluated using insect bioassays for 6 years. Four strains of O. furnacalis were developed by laboratory selection from the laboratory strain reared on a non-agar semi-artificial diet. The RR-1 strain was exposed to a commercial formulation of B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Btk) incorporated into the artificial diet,the RR-2 strain was exposed to Bt corn (MON810) tissue incorporated into the diet, and the SS-1 and SS-2 strains were reared on the standard diet with or without non-Bt corn tissues material. Decreasing susceptibility of O. furnacalis to Bt and to Bt corn were found in each selected strain although the ED50 and larval weight fluctuated from generation to generation. The resistance of Bt-exposed strain (RR-1) to Btk increased 48-fold by generation 39; the Bt corn-exposed strain (RR-2) increased its resistance 37-fold to Btk by generation 24. No larvae of SS-1 survived when they were exposed to the leaves of Bt corn, Bt11 and MON810. However, 2-54% of the RR-1 (generation 46) and RR-2 (generation 20) larvae survived a 3 day-exposure to the leaves of Bt11 and MON810. The survival of both selected strains on Bt corn silk increased by 10-69%, and the larval weights after many generations selection were increased by 15-22% compared with the unselected susceptible strain. The young larvae were much more susceptible to Bt than older larvae. The highest mortality occurred when the larvae were exposed to Bt at the neonate stage. All of the results suggested that ACB could not only develop resistance to Bt preparation but also to Bt corn. Bt had significant effects on the growth and development of Asian corn borer than on the larval mortality. In order to maintain the long-term effectiveness of Bt pesticide and Bt corn, the resistance management should pay much attention to the larvae that may have opportunities to grow and developed on non-Bt corn or alternate hosts before they attack the Bt corn plants and the survival of larvae after Bt application.展开更多
We studied the trapping effects on Ostrinia furnacalis from the aspects of different hanging heights and different color traps. The results suggested that the hanging height of 1.5 - 2.0 m received a better trapping e...We studied the trapping effects on Ostrinia furnacalis from the aspects of different hanging heights and different color traps. The results suggested that the hanging height of 1.5 - 2.0 m received a better trapping effect, but trap color had little impact on trapping effect. The sex pheromone traps at different densities were placed in corn field. The results showed that sex pheromone lure could trap adult O. furnacalis, and it was feasible to apply sex pheromone in short term fore- cast. Meanwhile, it reduced the number of larvae and eggs, thereby reducing the damage of O. furnacalis. The lure number of 10 per hm2 was more appropriate, which could result in increasing yield of 8.61% compared with control展开更多
In order to determine the population dynamics of Ostrinia furnacalis and reasons of local heavy occurrence in Wafangdian,Liaoning Province,adult sexual attraction monitoring and larva damage investigation of O.furnaca...In order to determine the population dynamics of Ostrinia furnacalis and reasons of local heavy occurrence in Wafangdian,Liaoning Province,adult sexual attraction monitoring and larva damage investigation of O.furnacalis were carried out from 2016 to 2018.The results showed that the initial occurrence period of overwintering adults of O.furnacalis in 2017 and 2018 was 10-16 d earlier than that in 2016,and the occurrence period of adults in the field was extended for 22-26 d,with three occurrence peaks of adults;the number of young larvae in corn field increased significantly in early September.In 2017 and 2018,the control effects of Trichogramma dendrolimi release on the first generation of O.furnacalis in 2017 and 2018 were 70.65%and 67.84%,respectively,lower than that in 2016(76.19%).It is speculated that the difference of annual climatic conditions and adjustment of local planting structure are the main reasons for population dynamic changes of O.furnacalis.展开更多
The research cxamined the effects of microbial and novel insecticidal control strategies and also Irichogramma pretiosum on the I,epidoptera： Crambidae, the European corn borer （ECB）, （Ostrinia nubilalis）. The tr...The research cxamined the effects of microbial and novel insecticidal control strategies and also Irichogramma pretiosum on the I,epidoptera： Crambidae, the European corn borer （ECB）, （Ostrinia nubilalis）. The treatments included ~ino^d, from bacteria the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana, the egg parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum, and foliar applied Bt spray, and t^vo combinations Bearveria bassiana plus Bt spray and Trichogramma pretiosum and spinosad. The infestations by the European corn borer larvae on stalks of corn were very＂ severe in all the control treatments both 2006 and 2007. The microbial treatments caused various levels of European corn borer mortality. In all the parameters there was a significant difference between the control and other treatments with a P 〈 0.00 l. In this research, treatment with spinosad emerged as the most effective biological agent in the control of the European corn borer. The treatments had no significant effects on the relative abundance and composition of non-target arthropods （P 〉 0.05）. This research is relevant in boosting underutilized control strategies and increasing stakeholder adoption of integrated pest management practices and thereby＇ reducing the use of conventional insecticides especially for orgamc thrmers. This is very important especially in certain countries where the commumities are skeptical about consuming transgenic crops.展开更多
C-type lectins(CTLs)act as pattern recognition receptors(PRRs)to initiate the innate immune response in insects.A CTL with dual carbohydrate recognition domains(CRDs)(named immulectin-4[IML-4])was selected from the Os...C-type lectins(CTLs)act as pattern recognition receptors(PRRs)to initiate the innate immune response in insects.A CTL with dual carbohydrate recognition domains(CRDs)(named immulectin-4[IML-4])was selected from the Ostrinia furnacalis transcriptome dataset for functional studies.We cloned the full-length complementary DNA of O.furnacalis IML-4(OfIML-4).It encodes a 328-residue protein with a Glu-Pro-Asn(EPN)and Gln-Pro-Asp(QPD)motifs in 2 CRDs,respectively.OfIML-4 messenger RNA levels increased significantly upon the bacterial and fungal infection.Recombinant OfIML-4(rIML-4)and its individual CRDs(rCRD1 and rCRD2)exhibited the binding ability to various microorganisms including Escherichia coli,Micrococcus luteus,Pichia pastoris,and Beauveria bassiana,and the cell wall components including lipopolysaccharide from E.coli,peptidoglycan from M.luteus or Bacillus subtilis,and curdlan from Alcaligenes faecalis.The binding further induced the agglutination of E.coli,M.luteus,and B.bassiana in the presence of calcium,the phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus by the hemocytes,in vitro encapsulation and melanization of nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid beads,and a significant increase in phenoloxidase activity of plasma.In addition,rIML-4 significantly enhanced the phagocytosis,nodulation,and resistance of O.furnacalis to B.bassiana.Taken together,our results suggest that OfIML-4 potentially works as a PRR to recognize the invading microorganisms,and functions in the innate immune response in O.furnacalis.展开更多
The rDNA ITS2 regions of T. dendrolimi Matsumura and T. ostriniae Pang et Chen (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) were cloned and sequenced. The homologous sequences available in GenBank were retrieved and...The rDNA ITS2 regions of T. dendrolimi Matsumura and T. ostriniae Pang et Chen (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) were cloned and sequenced. The homologous sequences available in GenBank were retrieved and analyzed, and then specific primers were designed for molecular identification and detection of T. dendrolimi. Repeated screening showed that PCR amplification by the diagnostic primers enabled the differentiation of not only bulk samples and single adult (male or female), but also eggs and juveniles, which was not possible by conventional methods. The advantage of this system over morphology based systems is that non specialists are able to identify individuals or trace specimens efficiently. The derived molecular detection technique was then used to identify 12 specimens collected from different localities on the Chinese mainland; the results showed that this protocol could be applied to molecular monitoring of Trichogramma species in the field.Finally,ITS2s of 6 geographical populations of T.dendrolimi (TdCHA,TDJL,TdXZ,TdRH,TdGZ and TdYBL) were cloned and sequenced.The multialignment analysis of intraspecific ITS2 se quences showed that the diagnostic primers have their own theoretical bases.展开更多
Effects of maize （Zea mays L.） volatiles induced by larvae of the Asian corn borer, Ostriniafurnacalis （Guenee）, on the orientation behaviors of Asian corn borer larvae and oviposition of the females were investig...Effects of maize （Zea mays L.） volatiles induced by larvae of the Asian corn borer, Ostriniafurnacalis （Guenee）, on the orientation behaviors of Asian corn borer larvae and oviposition of the females were investigated. Nineteen volatile chemicals, with terpenes being the major components, were identified from maize plants attacked by third instar Asian corn borer larvae. Coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection （GC-EAD） analyses revealed some electroantennographic differences between female and male Asian corn borer antennae in response to larvae-induced maize volatiles; female responded to （E）-2-hexenal, nonanal, （Z）-3-hexen-l-ol and three unknown compounds while the male only responded to （E）-2-hexenal, nonanal and one unknown compound. In laboratory orientation bioassays, Asian corn borer neonate larvae were attracted to extracts collected from Asian corn borer-damaged plants as well as to synthetic farnesene, but were repelled by （Z）-3-hexen- 1 -ol. In laboratory oviposition bioassays, gravid females laid fewer eggs on plants damaged by larvae than on mechanically damaged plants or undamaged plants. Adult Asian corn borer females deposited fewer eggs on wax paper treated with （E）-2-hexenal or （Z）-3-hexen-l-ol than on wax paper treated with hexane （control）. The results suggest that Asian corn borer can affect the behaviors of conspecific larvae and adults by changing host plant volatiles.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China (39770513)the Coop-erative Research Project between the National Crop Ex-periment Station, Rural Development Administration,Republic of Korea and the Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
文摘Intercropping maize with the prostrate variety of mungbean, Vigna radiata （L.） Wilczek which grows flat along the ground can increase parasitism of the eggs of the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis （Guenée）, a crucial insect pest of maize in China, by Trichogramma ostriniae Pang Chen. This study investigated the behavioural responses of T. ostriniae to plant volatiles emitted from whole plants, leaves, and flowers of prostrate and erect varieties of mungbean in a 4-armed olfactometer. Female parasitiods were significantly attracted to the odours from some varieties of prostrate mungbean when the visit duration and the number of visits were considered, but were not attracted to the odours from any erect varieties. The attractive odours were shown to emanate from the leaves, rather than from the flowers of prostrate mungbean plants. These results have implications for the augmentation of Trichogramma parasitoids in bio-control of O. furnacalis and other crop pests.
基金Supported by Key Program for Science and Technology Development of Shanxi Province"Research,Integration and Application Demonstration on Security Control Technology of Corn Borer in Waxy Corn for Fresh Food"(20080311002-6)~~
文摘[Objective] This program aimed at providing basis for timely and effective control of Asian corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis in waxy corn fields through investigations and researching on occurrence and damage characteristics of Ostrinia furnacalis in the main producing area of waxy corn of Shanxi Province.[Method] Attraction and collection of the adults,fixed-points and random investigations on eggs and larvae were the main methods in this research.[Result] Ostrinia furnacalis appeared in two generations per year in the field of waxy corns,the generations were basically nonoverlapping with significant interval.The peak period of the overwintering generation adults in the field of waxy corn was early to middle of June,peak period of the first generation adults was from early August to late August;peak period of the first generation eggs was from the end of early June to the binning of late June,the peak period of the second generation eggs was from the middle of early August to late August.Egg-laying performances of Ostrinia furnacalis on waxy corns in different growth period suggested that the temptation of waxy corns to egg-laying of Ostrinia furnacalis had gradually increased with the continuation of growth stages before the heading of waxy corns;while after the heading of waxy corns,the temptation of waxy corns to egg-laying of Ostrinia furnacalis had gradually reduced with the continuation of growth stages.The amount of eggs on waxy corns was more than eggs on normal corns with the same growth period and growth conditions.The first generation of Ostrinia furnacalis caused more serious damages than the second generation.The first generation larvae caused more serious damages on waxy corns with early sowing period than with middle sowing period,while the late sowing fields basically uninjured.The early sowing and middle sowing corns were damaged but lightly,due to the slight occurrence of the first generation larvae.The second generation larvae caused more serious damages in late sowing waxy corn field than in middle sowing waxy corn field.As the early sowing waxy corns were harvested before the beginning of damage peak period of the second generation larvae,they were basically uninjured or slightly damaged by the second generation larvae in general years.Because the second generation larvae were in large-scale occurrence,they had caused serious damages to late and later middle sowing waxy corns.Incidence of ear rot disease on the female ears of waxy corns was closely related to the damages of Ostrinia furnacalis on ears,which was higher on the ears infested by Ostrinia furnacalis.[Conclusion] Comprehensive control on the second generation of Ostrinia furnacalis in the mid and late sowing field of waxy corn should be strengthened.
基金Supported by Notice on the First Batch of National Modern Agricultural Demonstration Zone by the Ministry of Agriculture(NJF[2010]No.22)Program for Research and Application of Warning and Comprehensive Control Measures of Pests and Diseases of Major Grain and Oil Crops(N1997-ZC002)~~
文摘In order to promote ＂green plant protection＂, reduce the administration dosage and residue of pesticides and control cost of environment pollution, and improve maize production, quality and agricultural ecological environment safety. In this study, the control effect and benefit of bio-guide wasp virus missile（BGWVM） on Ostrinia furnacalis in Nanchong City was investigated by using insect light traps and combined method of field investigation and experimental demonstration. According to the results, applying 30-37 pairs of BGWVM per hectare exhibited an average control efficiency of 78.0%, and the control cost was 139.50-172.50 CNY/hm2, which was reduced by 142.50-168.00 CNY/hm^2 compared with conventional chemical control. Average maize yield in BGWVM demonstration plot was 817.8 kg/hm2 higher and improved by 11.0% compared with blank control plot. The output value was improved by 1 799.16 CNY/hm^2 and the revenue increased by 1 941.66-1 967.16CNY/hm2. During 2003-2014, the cumulative demonstration and popularization area of BGWVM technique in Nanchong City had reached 24 507.33 hm^2, and the cumulative yield increment reached 20.042 1 million kg. BGWVM application improved total output value by 44.092 6 million CNY and saved control cost by 3.492 3-4.117 2 million CNY, thus increasing the revenue by 47.584 9-48.209 8 million CNY. BGWVM application reduced 551.41 t of 5% dimehypo GG or 12.87 t of 90%monosultap WP. In addition, BGWVM technique is simple to use, labor-saving and safe for human, animals, environment and crops, with significant economic, ecological and social benefits and without any side effect, which has become an ideal substitute for controlling O. furnacalis and reducing chemical pesticides in organic agriculture industry, modern agriculture industry, production of green and pollution-free agricultural products and IBM prevention and control demonstration gardens.
基金This research was supported in part by National 973 Program(001CB109004)National 863 Program(2002AA212161)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(39970489)Mon-santo LLC.
文摘In this study, a transgenic Bt maize hybrid (event MON 810 from Monsanto Company) expressing Cry1Ab protein derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and its negative isoline hybrid were evaluated for control of the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), in a field trial. Maize plants were artificially infested with neonate larvae of Asian corn borer at the mid-whorl (first-generation), pre-tassel (first- and/or second-generation), and silk (second-generation) growth stages. The transgenic Bt maize hybrid sustained significantly less leaf feeding damage (rating 1.0±0.0) than its negative isoline control (rating 7.3±0.1). With the Bt maize, 1.36.8% of plants were damaged by corn borer tunneling with <0.5 cm tunneling per stalk under different levels of infestation, compared with 100% of plants damaged with 9.325.0 cm tunneling per stalk for the negative isoline control. On average, transgenic Bt maize hybrids had only 0.010.05 tunnels per stalk and no stems were broken. In contrast, the negative isoline control had 3.118.36 tunnels per stalk and 31.273.9% of stems broken. Yields were significantly higher in transgenic Bt maize than in the control. These results demonstrate that transgenic Bt maize can significantly minimize yield losses caused by the Asian corn borer through resistance to the first- and second-generation larvae.
基金funded by a grant of the National 973 Program of China (2006CB101701-7)the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 11th Five-Year Plan period (2006BAD02A16-3,2006BAD08A06)
文摘Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis （Guen6e）, is the most important pest of maize in China and Southeast Asia. The objective of this study was to understand the genetic basis for Asian corn borer resistance. The study included 162 F2：3 populations derived from Mc37 （resistant） × Zi330 （susceptible） and field data were collected in 2004 and 2005. A linkage map was constructed from 118 SSR markers. Combined quantitative trait loci （QTL） analysis combined across environments was performed by composite interval mapping method （CIM）. Four QTLs with additive effects were detected for resistance to Asian corn borer leaf feeding damage in chromosome bins 1.08, 2.04/05, 4.01, and 10.04. Three putative QTLs were detected for Asian corn borer stalk damage in chromosome bins 1.01, 2.05, and 9.01. Maize resistance to Asian corn borer and European corn borer, O. nubilalis （Hubner）, may share a common mechanism. Genes responsible for DIMBOA biosynthesis are in chromosome bin 4.01 and may increase the observed resistance to Asian corn borer leaf feeding.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31701859,31725023 and 31621064)。
文摘Genes involved in chemosensation are essential for odorant-mediated insect behaviors. Odorant receptors(ORs) bind and respond to pheromones and plant volatiles, regulating insect behaviors such as mating and host-plant selection, while ionotropic receptors(IRs), which are present at lower levels in insects than ORs, influence ion channels, especially in agricultural pests. Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis, is the main pest of maize that causes huge economic losses in Asia. Twenty-one Ofur IRs have been identified, but none has been characterized. In this study, tissue-specific expression profiling, phylogenetic analysis, and electroantennography(EAG) analysis were applied to characterize the evolution, expression, and the potential function of Ofur IRs. It was found that 20 Ofur IRs were highly expressed in the antennae, except for Ofur IR75p3, whereas 10 and nine Ofur IRs were highly expressed in the proboscis and genitalia, respectively, indicating that these Ofur IRs were functionally associated with feeding and oviposition. EAG results showed that seven acids elicited responses in the antennae of O. furnacalis and that 2-oxopentanoic acid displayed a significant femalebiased response. Combined with the phylogenetic analysis, 10 Ofur IRs in clade 4 were roughly predicted to be candidate receptors for 2-oxopentanoic acid and other tested acids. These results provide basic information about Ofur IRs and may help advance the knolwedge on the olfactory system of O. furnacalis.
基金funded by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of China (201403031)
文摘Insect migratory flight differs fundamentally from most other kinds of flight behavior, in that it is non-appetitive. The adult is not searching for anything, and migratory flight is not terminated by encounters with potential resources. Many insect pests of agricultural crops are long-distance migrants, moving from lower latitudes where they overwinter to higher latitudes in the spring to exploit superabundant, but seasonally ephemeral, host crops. The migratory nature of these pests is somewhat easy to recognize because of their sudden appearance in areas where they had been absent only a day or two earlier. Many other serious pests survive hostile winter conditions by diapausing, and therefore do not require migration to move between overwintering and breeding ranges. Yet there is evidence of migratory behavior engaged in by several pest species that inhabit high latitudes year-round. In these cases, the consequences of migratory flight are not immediately noticeable at the population level, because migration takes place for the most part within their larger year-round distribution. Nevertheless, the potential population-level consequences can be quite important in the contexts of pest management and insect resistance management. As a case study, I review the evidence for migratory flight behavior by individual European corn borer adults, and discuss the importance of understanding it. The kind of migratory behavior posited for pest species inhabiting a permanent distribution may be more common than we realize.
基金supported by grants from the Key R&D Program of the Xinjiang Autonomous Region,China(2021b02002-2)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31960538)。
文摘Identifying the sex pheromone systems of local pest populations facilitates their management,especially for moth species that show significant geographic variation in sex pheromone communication.We investigated the pheromone production and behavioral responses of the Asian corn borer(Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée;ACB)in Xinjiang,China.The ACB produces three compounds:(Z)-12-tetradecenyl acetate(Z12-14:Ac)and(E)-12-tetradecenyl acetate(E12-14:Ac)which are two sex pheromone compounds,and n-tetradecyl acetate(14:Ac)which has variable roles in mediating behavioral responses.The ratios of these three compounds produced in female gland are geographically distinct among different populations.Quantitative analysis of pheromone production showed that the proportions of Z12-14:Ac in the E/Z isomers(i.e.,Z and E12-14:Ac)and the proportions of 14:Ac in the ternary blend respectively averaged 60.46%(SD=5.26)and 25.00%(SD=7.37),with their probabilities normally or near-normally distributed.Trapping experiments in a cornfield indicated that deploying the E/Z isomers and the three compounds in rubber septa close to their gland ratios yielded the most captured males,while other ratios that deviated from the gland ratios showed reduced field captures.The ternary blend was significantly more attractive to males than the E/Z isomers in the field,indicating a functional role of 14:Ac as the third pheromone component used by the local population.Additionally,the dose-response test demonstrated that the application of the three compounds at dosages between 200 and 350μg attracted significantly more males compared to other dosages.Therefore,the characterization of this local ACB pheromone system provides additional information about its geographic variation and serves as a basis for optimizing the pheromone-mediated control of this pest in Xinjiang.
基金The National public service sectors (agriculture) research special (201103002)
文摘The results of evaluation on field control efficacy of Trichogramma dendrolimi against Ostrinia furnacalis showed that the correction rates of Ostrinia furnacalis egg mass parasitism were 71.75% and 73.57%,the average control effect were 65.85% and 70.24%,the restoration yield loss rates were 6.78% and 7.97%,input-output ratio at 1:27.8 and 1:33.5 in Longjiang county of Heilongjiang province in 2009 and 2010,respectively.The technology is a integration of advanced,practical,environmental safety,effective biocontrol measures,embodies the "public plant protection,green plant protection" fully,has significant economic,social and ecological benefits.
基金Supported by Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Contaminated Environment Con-trol and Regional Ecology Safety(SYU-KF-L-05)Science and TechnologyProject of Liaoning Province(2012214001)
文摘[Objective]The paper was to study the effects of asarum essential oils on physiological and biochemical indices of two agricultural pests. [Method]Asarum essential oils were extracted by different methods,and their effects on physiological and biochemical indices related to the structure of body wall（ chitin and phenoloxidase）,the physiological and biochemical indices acting on the nervous system（ Acetylcholinesterase）,and the physiological and biochemical indices acting on the digestive system（ protease,amylase and lipase） of Ostrinia furnacalis and Mythimna seperata were studied. [Result]Asarum essential oils had no effect no chitin content of body wall under the experimental concentration,and had no inhibitory effect but activated effect on polyphenol oxidase activity. Asarum essential oils could act on the nervous system of insect,and had strong inhibitory effect against acetylcholinesterase activity of O. furnacalis larvae,with inhibition rates of 24. 86%- 38. 79%. Asarum essential oils showed a significant activated effect on pepsin activity in midgut,but the activated amplitude became smaller with the prolongation of treatment time. Asarum essential oils showed a significant inhibitory effect on activities of amylase and lipase,indicating that it could play an insecticidal effect by inhibiting activity of amylase and lipase,and it could act on digestive system of insect. [Conclusion]The study laid the foundation for further development of asarum as botanical pesticide.
基金the National 863 Program(2002AA212161) the National Natural Science Foundation of China(39970489).
文摘The susceptibility of the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) formulation and Bt corn was evaluated using insect bioassays for 6 years. Four strains of O. furnacalis were developed by laboratory selection from the laboratory strain reared on a non-agar semi-artificial diet. The RR-1 strain was exposed to a commercial formulation of B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Btk) incorporated into the artificial diet,the RR-2 strain was exposed to Bt corn (MON810) tissue incorporated into the diet, and the SS-1 and SS-2 strains were reared on the standard diet with or without non-Bt corn tissues material. Decreasing susceptibility of O. furnacalis to Bt and to Bt corn were found in each selected strain although the ED50 and larval weight fluctuated from generation to generation. The resistance of Bt-exposed strain (RR-1) to Btk increased 48-fold by generation 39; the Bt corn-exposed strain (RR-2) increased its resistance 37-fold to Btk by generation 24. No larvae of SS-1 survived when they were exposed to the leaves of Bt corn, Bt11 and MON810. However, 2-54% of the RR-1 (generation 46) and RR-2 (generation 20) larvae survived a 3 day-exposure to the leaves of Bt11 and MON810. The survival of both selected strains on Bt corn silk increased by 10-69%, and the larval weights after many generations selection were increased by 15-22% compared with the unselected susceptible strain. The young larvae were much more susceptible to Bt than older larvae. The highest mortality occurred when the larvae were exposed to Bt at the neonate stage. All of the results suggested that ACB could not only develop resistance to Bt preparation but also to Bt corn. Bt had significant effects on the growth and development of Asian corn borer than on the larval mortality. In order to maintain the long-term effectiveness of Bt pesticide and Bt corn, the resistance management should pay much attention to the larvae that may have opportunities to grow and developed on non-Bt corn or alternate hosts before they attack the Bt corn plants and the survival of larvae after Bt application.
基金Supported by National Key Technology R&D Program(2011BAD16B10)Supporting Project of National Key Technology R&D Program(2015GJLS001NY)
文摘We studied the trapping effects on Ostrinia furnacalis from the aspects of different hanging heights and different color traps. The results suggested that the hanging height of 1.5 - 2.0 m received a better trapping effect, but trap color had little impact on trapping effect. The sex pheromone traps at different densities were placed in corn field. The results showed that sex pheromone lure could trap adult O. furnacalis, and it was feasible to apply sex pheromone in short term fore- cast. Meanwhile, it reduced the number of larvae and eggs, thereby reducing the damage of O. furnacalis. The lure number of 10 per hm2 was more appropriate, which could result in increasing yield of 8.61% compared with control
文摘In order to determine the population dynamics of Ostrinia furnacalis and reasons of local heavy occurrence in Wafangdian,Liaoning Province,adult sexual attraction monitoring and larva damage investigation of O.furnacalis were carried out from 2016 to 2018.The results showed that the initial occurrence period of overwintering adults of O.furnacalis in 2017 and 2018 was 10-16 d earlier than that in 2016,and the occurrence period of adults in the field was extended for 22-26 d,with three occurrence peaks of adults;the number of young larvae in corn field increased significantly in early September.In 2017 and 2018,the control effects of Trichogramma dendrolimi release on the first generation of O.furnacalis in 2017 and 2018 were 70.65%and 67.84%,respectively,lower than that in 2016(76.19%).It is speculated that the difference of annual climatic conditions and adjustment of local planting structure are the main reasons for population dynamic changes of O.furnacalis.
文摘The research cxamined the effects of microbial and novel insecticidal control strategies and also Irichogramma pretiosum on the I,epidoptera： Crambidae, the European corn borer （ECB）, （Ostrinia nubilalis）. The treatments included ~ino^d, from bacteria the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana, the egg parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum, and foliar applied Bt spray, and t^vo combinations Bearveria bassiana plus Bt spray and Trichogramma pretiosum and spinosad. The infestations by the European corn borer larvae on stalks of corn were very＂ severe in all the control treatments both 2006 and 2007. The microbial treatments caused various levels of European corn borer mortality. In all the parameters there was a significant difference between the control and other treatments with a P 〈 0.00 l. In this research, treatment with spinosad emerged as the most effective biological agent in the control of the European corn borer. The treatments had no significant effects on the relative abundance and composition of non-target arthropods （P 〉 0.05）. This research is relevant in boosting underutilized control strategies and increasing stakeholder adoption of integrated pest management practices and thereby＇ reducing the use of conventional insecticides especially for orgamc thrmers. This is very important especially in certain countries where the commumities are skeptical about consuming transgenic crops.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFE0120400)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31672361).
文摘C-type lectins(CTLs)act as pattern recognition receptors(PRRs)to initiate the innate immune response in insects.A CTL with dual carbohydrate recognition domains(CRDs)(named immulectin-4[IML-4])was selected from the Ostrinia furnacalis transcriptome dataset for functional studies.We cloned the full-length complementary DNA of O.furnacalis IML-4(OfIML-4).It encodes a 328-residue protein with a Glu-Pro-Asn(EPN)and Gln-Pro-Asp(QPD)motifs in 2 CRDs,respectively.OfIML-4 messenger RNA levels increased significantly upon the bacterial and fungal infection.Recombinant OfIML-4(rIML-4)and its individual CRDs(rCRD1 and rCRD2)exhibited the binding ability to various microorganisms including Escherichia coli,Micrococcus luteus,Pichia pastoris,and Beauveria bassiana,and the cell wall components including lipopolysaccharide from E.coli,peptidoglycan from M.luteus or Bacillus subtilis,and curdlan from Alcaligenes faecalis.The binding further induced the agglutination of E.coli,M.luteus,and B.bassiana in the presence of calcium,the phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus by the hemocytes,in vitro encapsulation and melanization of nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid beads,and a significant increase in phenoloxidase activity of plasma.In addition,rIML-4 significantly enhanced the phagocytosis,nodulation,and resistance of O.furnacalis to B.bassiana.Taken together,our results suggest that OfIML-4 potentially works as a PRR to recognize the invading microorganisms,and functions in the innate immune response in O.furnacalis.
文摘The rDNA ITS2 regions of T. dendrolimi Matsumura and T. ostriniae Pang et Chen (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) were cloned and sequenced. The homologous sequences available in GenBank were retrieved and analyzed, and then specific primers were designed for molecular identification and detection of T. dendrolimi. Repeated screening showed that PCR amplification by the diagnostic primers enabled the differentiation of not only bulk samples and single adult (male or female), but also eggs and juveniles, which was not possible by conventional methods. The advantage of this system over morphology based systems is that non specialists are able to identify individuals or trace specimens efficiently. The derived molecular detection technique was then used to identify 12 specimens collected from different localities on the Chinese mainland; the results showed that this protocol could be applied to molecular monitoring of Trichogramma species in the field.Finally,ITS2s of 6 geographical populations of T.dendrolimi (TdCHA,TDJL,TdXZ,TdRH,TdGZ and TdYBL) were cloned and sequenced.The multialignment analysis of intraspecific ITS2 se quences showed that the diagnostic primers have their own theoretical bases.
文摘Effects of maize （Zea mays L.） volatiles induced by larvae of the Asian corn borer, Ostriniafurnacalis （Guenee）, on the orientation behaviors of Asian corn borer larvae and oviposition of the females were investigated. Nineteen volatile chemicals, with terpenes being the major components, were identified from maize plants attacked by third instar Asian corn borer larvae. Coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection （GC-EAD） analyses revealed some electroantennographic differences between female and male Asian corn borer antennae in response to larvae-induced maize volatiles; female responded to （E）-2-hexenal, nonanal, （Z）-3-hexen-l-ol and three unknown compounds while the male only responded to （E）-2-hexenal, nonanal and one unknown compound. In laboratory orientation bioassays, Asian corn borer neonate larvae were attracted to extracts collected from Asian corn borer-damaged plants as well as to synthetic farnesene, but were repelled by （Z）-3-hexen- 1 -ol. In laboratory oviposition bioassays, gravid females laid fewer eggs on plants damaged by larvae than on mechanically damaged plants or undamaged plants. Adult Asian corn borer females deposited fewer eggs on wax paper treated with （E）-2-hexenal or （Z）-3-hexen-l-ol than on wax paper treated with hexane （control）. The results suggest that Asian corn borer can affect the behaviors of conspecific larvae and adults by changing host plant volatiles.
