Abstract Lesion of ossicular chain is a common ear disease impairing the sense of hearing. A comprehensive numerical model of human ear can provide better understanding of sound transmission. In this study, we propose...Abstract Lesion of ossicular chain is a common ear disease impairing the sense of hearing. A comprehensive numerical model of human ear can provide better understanding of sound transmission. In this study, we propose a three-dimensional finite element model of human ear that incorporates the canal, tympanic membrane, ossicular bones, middle ear suspensory ligaments/muscles, middle ear cavity and inner ear fluid. Numerical analysis is conducted and employed to predict the effects of middle ear cavity, malleus handle defect, hypoplasia of the long process of incus, and stapedial crus defect on sound transmission. The present finite element model is shown to be reasonable in predicting the ossicular mechanics of human ear.展开更多
Aim: To assess the quality of high-resolution CT section planes(HRCT), multi-planar reformation(MPR) and 3-dimensional volume rendered computer tomography(3D-CTVR) were here used in the fine differential diagnosis of ...Aim: To assess the quality of high-resolution CT section planes(HRCT), multi-planar reformation(MPR) and 3-dimensional volume rendered computer tomography(3D-CTVR) were here used in the fine differential diagnosis of ossicular chain in the case of conductive hearing loss with intact tympanic membrane.Methods: Here, 17 cases of otosclerosis and 22 cases of ossicular chain deformity were selected. All patients had normal external ear canals,intact tympanic membranes, conductive hearing loss, type A tympanograms, and negative Gelle's tests. The respective radiological reports of the status of the ossicles via 3 protocols were compared to surgical findings. The quantitative assessments of the representation of different segments of the ossicular chain were based on a 3-point scoring system.Results: MPR and CTVR imaging both showed the integrity of whole ossicular chain well. MPR and CTVR imaging were found to be superior to section planes with respect to showing the superstructure of the stapes and malformations(P > 0.05).Conclusion: CTVR and MPR imaging were found to be better able to show the whole ossicular chain in the conductive hearing loss with normal tympanic membranes. Furthermore, the use of these techniques can have profound contributive value in the differential diagnosis of otosclerosis and ossicular chain absence or malformation.展开更多
Objective To explore the value of computed tomography virtual endoscopy(VE) in assessing ossicular chain disruption in temporal bone fracture and ear trauma with intact tympanum. Methods High resolution spiral compute...Objective To explore the value of computed tomography virtual endoscopy(VE) in assessing ossicular chain disruption in temporal bone fracture and ear trauma with intact tympanum. Methods High resolution spiral computerized tomography(CT) was completed in 35 cases of temporal bone fracture and 5 cases of tympanum trauma, all with intact or healed tympanum. Three-dimensional reconstruction was completed using a virtual endoscopy software. Audiological tests were conducted in all patients and evaluation of facial nerve injury in patients with facial paralysis. Patients with mild conductive deafness, ossicular chain subluxation on VE, and no facial paralysis were treated conservatively for 4-12 weeks with repeated hearing evaluation; those with facial paralysis underwent surgery if no recovery after 4- 8 weeks of conservative treatment. Patients with moderate to severe conductive hearing loss or mixed hearing loss, incus long process fracture or dislocation on VE and facial paralysis, underwent ossicular chain reconstruction and facial nerve decompression after conservative treatment for 4-8 weeks, or exploratory tympanotomy only if no facial paralysis. VE, audiological tests and facial nerve function tests were repeated in 3-6 months after surgery. Results Of the 6 cases with mild conductive hearing loss, ossicular chain subluxation and no facial paralysis, 3recovered to normal hearing spontaneously and 3 showed no significant improvement, after 4-12 weeks of conservative treatment. After conservative treatment for 4-8 weeks, 3 of the 12 cases with mild conductive deafness, ossicular chain dislocation on VE and facial paralysis recovered to normal hearing and HouseBrackmann(HB) grade I facial function from HB grade II,4 showed facial function recovery to HB grade I(n=2) or II(n=2) from HB grade III but no hearing recovery, and 5 gained no recovery and went on to receive exploratory tympanotomy and facial nerve decompression. The 11 cases with moderate to severe conductive deafness, incus long process fracture or dislocation on VE and facial paralysis all received ossicular chain reconstruction and facial nerve decompression after 4-8 weeks of conservative treatment. The 7 cases with moderate to severe conductive deafness, dislocated or fallen incus on VE but no facial paralysis received ossicular chain reconstruction after conservative treatment. The 4 cases with mixed hearing loss, dislocated or fallen incus on VE and no facial paralysis received ossicular chain repair via the intact canal wall epitympanum approach after conservative treatment. Pharmacological therapies continued postoperatively in these patients to treat sensorineural deafness. Although temporal bone CT scans displayed the fracture line and malleus/incus abnormalities, VE provided additional detailed information on dislocation of incudomalleal and incudostapedial joints, incus dislocation or fracture, separation between crus longum incudis and stapes, and incus shifting. These were all confirmed during surgery. VE results and surgery findings were 100% consistent in patients with ossicular chain disruption. Conclusion VE can provide reliable visual evidence for accurate assessment of traumatic ossicular chain disruption, timing of surgery and individualizing surgical strategies and postoperative follow-up.展开更多
<strong>Aim:</strong> Chronic otitis media (COM) is chronic muco purulent discharge through a perforated tympanic membrane. Theossicular chain damage is found in both mucosal and squamosal types of COM. We...<strong>Aim:</strong> Chronic otitis media (COM) is chronic muco purulent discharge through a perforated tympanic membrane. Theossicular chain damage is found in both mucosal and squamosal types of COM. We aim to evaluate relationship between preoperative otologic features, pure tone audiometric findings and intraoperative ossicular chain status in patients with chronic otitis media. <strong>Material and Methods:</strong> 100 patients of either sex aged between 12 to 60 years operated for active or inactive, squamosal or mucosal chronic otitis media attending Ram Lal Eye and ENT Hospital, Government Medical College Amritsar were taken. The preoperative ossicular chain status based on set parameters was compared with the intraoperative ossicular chain status. <strong>Results:</strong> The ossicular chain integrity is more commonly compromised in squamosal COM and the most common ossicle eroded is Incus. Pure tone audiogram has got a very important role in determining the ossicular chain integrity preoperatively and must be done in all cases with accuracy. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> It is concluded that on the basis of otoscopic examination and pure tone audiometry values, we can accurately classify the COM as mucosal or squamosal type and get an idea of the ossicular chain integrity preoperatively hence planning the extent of surgery.展开更多
目的研究纯音测听对听骨链病变类型的预测价值,以及不同类型听骨链病变患者听骨链重建术后的远期听力效果。方法回顾性分析2013年至2017年间于北京大学第三医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科行鼓室成形及听骨链重建术的患者,按照术中发现的听骨链病...目的研究纯音测听对听骨链病变类型的预测价值,以及不同类型听骨链病变患者听骨链重建术后的远期听力效果。方法回顾性分析2013年至2017年间于北京大学第三医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科行鼓室成形及听骨链重建术的患者,按照术中发现的听骨链病变类型将其分为3组:(A)听骨链中断组,(BC)听骨链固定组,(D)听骨链完整而被病变包绕组。比较3组患者术前、术后的纯音测听结果,包括平均气导听阈(pure tone audiometry,PTA)、气骨导差(airbonegap,ABG)以及各频率的气、骨导阈值。结果入组92例患者,共计93侧耳,随访时间均大于6个月。3组患者术前PTA、ABG及各频率气导阈值均有统计学差异(P<0.05)。D组术前气导呈低频下降为主的听力曲线,骨导听力基本正常;A组与BC组术前气导呈平坦型下降曲线,伴有明显的中高频骨导下降。3组患者术后PTA、ABG均较术前显著降低(P<0.05),其中BC组阈值降低最明显,D组术后低频听阈基本恢复到正常范围。结论当听骨链中断且固定时,其听力损失主要由听骨链固定所致。听骨链固定引起的听力下降程度最重,骨气导间距最大,听骨链完整但被病变包绕引起的听力损失最轻。听骨链重建术能够有效改善患者的听力,其中听骨链固定的患者术后听力改善程度最明显。展开更多
目的探讨先天性听骨链畸形的手术治疗效果。方法回顾性分析11例听骨链畸形患者术前行颞骨CT、声导抗及纯音测听检查,对不同畸形部位或类型者行不同术式人工听骨听骨链重建术,术后随访2个月～1年,评估患者术后听力情况。结果术前气导平...目的探讨先天性听骨链畸形的手术治疗效果。方法回顾性分析11例听骨链畸形患者术前行颞骨CT、声导抗及纯音测听检查,对不同畸形部位或类型者行不同术式人工听骨听骨链重建术,术后随访2个月～1年,评估患者术后听力情况。结果术前气导平均听阈(0.5、1、2和4 kHz)为(59.6±10.0)dB HL,骨气导差(38.9±8.0)dB HL。术后2个月～1年复查气导平均听阈(45.3±16.0)dB HL,骨气导差为(22.5±10.0)dB HL。术后气导增益(14.3±9.0)dB HL,骨气导差增益(16.4±8.0)dB HL。11例中7例(64%)术后气导增益≥15 dB HL,4例(36%)术后气导增益<15 dB HL;8例(73%)术后骨气导差增益≥15 dB HL,3例(27%)术后骨气导差增益<15 dB HL。结论人工听骨听骨链重建术是治疗听骨链畸形的方法之一。展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to review some of the promising technological developments related to hearing restoration part of ENT practice. If success-fully implemented in product or procedure form, these technologie...The purpose of this paper is to review some of the promising technological developments related to hearing restoration part of ENT practice. If success-fully implemented in product or procedure form, these technologies are likely to simplify surgical pro-cedures related to hearing restoration and improve the condition of patients. The developments are com-piled from scientific sources as well as from recent patent documents and they are not yet commercially available.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10472025, 10672036, and 10872043)
文摘Abstract Lesion of ossicular chain is a common ear disease impairing the sense of hearing. A comprehensive numerical model of human ear can provide better understanding of sound transmission. In this study, we propose a three-dimensional finite element model of human ear that incorporates the canal, tympanic membrane, ossicular bones, middle ear suspensory ligaments/muscles, middle ear cavity and inner ear fluid. Numerical analysis is conducted and employed to predict the effects of middle ear cavity, malleus handle defect, hypoplasia of the long process of incus, and stapedial crus defect on sound transmission. The present finite element model is shown to be reasonable in predicting the ossicular mechanics of human ear.
文摘Aim: To assess the quality of high-resolution CT section planes(HRCT), multi-planar reformation(MPR) and 3-dimensional volume rendered computer tomography(3D-CTVR) were here used in the fine differential diagnosis of ossicular chain in the case of conductive hearing loss with intact tympanic membrane.Methods: Here, 17 cases of otosclerosis and 22 cases of ossicular chain deformity were selected. All patients had normal external ear canals,intact tympanic membranes, conductive hearing loss, type A tympanograms, and negative Gelle's tests. The respective radiological reports of the status of the ossicles via 3 protocols were compared to surgical findings. The quantitative assessments of the representation of different segments of the ossicular chain were based on a 3-point scoring system.Results: MPR and CTVR imaging both showed the integrity of whole ossicular chain well. MPR and CTVR imaging were found to be superior to section planes with respect to showing the superstructure of the stapes and malformations(P > 0.05).Conclusion: CTVR and MPR imaging were found to be better able to show the whole ossicular chain in the conductive hearing loss with normal tympanic membranes. Furthermore, the use of these techniques can have profound contributive value in the differential diagnosis of otosclerosis and ossicular chain absence or malformation.
基金This study was supported by Medical Research Fund Projects of Guangdong Province，Jinan University Scientific Research Opening Stock Project
文摘Objective To explore the value of computed tomography virtual endoscopy(VE) in assessing ossicular chain disruption in temporal bone fracture and ear trauma with intact tympanum. Methods High resolution spiral computerized tomography(CT) was completed in 35 cases of temporal bone fracture and 5 cases of tympanum trauma, all with intact or healed tympanum. Three-dimensional reconstruction was completed using a virtual endoscopy software. Audiological tests were conducted in all patients and evaluation of facial nerve injury in patients with facial paralysis. Patients with mild conductive deafness, ossicular chain subluxation on VE, and no facial paralysis were treated conservatively for 4-12 weeks with repeated hearing evaluation; those with facial paralysis underwent surgery if no recovery after 4- 8 weeks of conservative treatment. Patients with moderate to severe conductive hearing loss or mixed hearing loss, incus long process fracture or dislocation on VE and facial paralysis, underwent ossicular chain reconstruction and facial nerve decompression after conservative treatment for 4-8 weeks, or exploratory tympanotomy only if no facial paralysis. VE, audiological tests and facial nerve function tests were repeated in 3-6 months after surgery. Results Of the 6 cases with mild conductive hearing loss, ossicular chain subluxation and no facial paralysis, 3recovered to normal hearing spontaneously and 3 showed no significant improvement, after 4-12 weeks of conservative treatment. After conservative treatment for 4-8 weeks, 3 of the 12 cases with mild conductive deafness, ossicular chain dislocation on VE and facial paralysis recovered to normal hearing and HouseBrackmann(HB) grade I facial function from HB grade II,4 showed facial function recovery to HB grade I(n=2) or II(n=2) from HB grade III but no hearing recovery, and 5 gained no recovery and went on to receive exploratory tympanotomy and facial nerve decompression. The 11 cases with moderate to severe conductive deafness, incus long process fracture or dislocation on VE and facial paralysis all received ossicular chain reconstruction and facial nerve decompression after 4-8 weeks of conservative treatment. The 7 cases with moderate to severe conductive deafness, dislocated or fallen incus on VE but no facial paralysis received ossicular chain reconstruction after conservative treatment. The 4 cases with mixed hearing loss, dislocated or fallen incus on VE and no facial paralysis received ossicular chain repair via the intact canal wall epitympanum approach after conservative treatment. Pharmacological therapies continued postoperatively in these patients to treat sensorineural deafness. Although temporal bone CT scans displayed the fracture line and malleus/incus abnormalities, VE provided additional detailed information on dislocation of incudomalleal and incudostapedial joints, incus dislocation or fracture, separation between crus longum incudis and stapes, and incus shifting. These were all confirmed during surgery. VE results and surgery findings were 100% consistent in patients with ossicular chain disruption. Conclusion VE can provide reliable visual evidence for accurate assessment of traumatic ossicular chain disruption, timing of surgery and individualizing surgical strategies and postoperative follow-up.
文摘<strong>Aim:</strong> Chronic otitis media (COM) is chronic muco purulent discharge through a perforated tympanic membrane. Theossicular chain damage is found in both mucosal and squamosal types of COM. We aim to evaluate relationship between preoperative otologic features, pure tone audiometric findings and intraoperative ossicular chain status in patients with chronic otitis media. <strong>Material and Methods:</strong> 100 patients of either sex aged between 12 to 60 years operated for active or inactive, squamosal or mucosal chronic otitis media attending Ram Lal Eye and ENT Hospital, Government Medical College Amritsar were taken. The preoperative ossicular chain status based on set parameters was compared with the intraoperative ossicular chain status. <strong>Results:</strong> The ossicular chain integrity is more commonly compromised in squamosal COM and the most common ossicle eroded is Incus. Pure tone audiogram has got a very important role in determining the ossicular chain integrity preoperatively and must be done in all cases with accuracy. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> It is concluded that on the basis of otoscopic examination and pure tone audiometry values, we can accurately classify the COM as mucosal or squamosal type and get an idea of the ossicular chain integrity preoperatively hence planning the extent of surgery.
文摘目的研究纯音测听对听骨链病变类型的预测价值,以及不同类型听骨链病变患者听骨链重建术后的远期听力效果。方法回顾性分析2013年至2017年间于北京大学第三医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科行鼓室成形及听骨链重建术的患者,按照术中发现的听骨链病变类型将其分为3组:(A)听骨链中断组,(BC)听骨链固定组,(D)听骨链完整而被病变包绕组。比较3组患者术前、术后的纯音测听结果,包括平均气导听阈(pure tone audiometry,PTA)、气骨导差(airbonegap,ABG)以及各频率的气、骨导阈值。结果入组92例患者,共计93侧耳,随访时间均大于6个月。3组患者术前PTA、ABG及各频率气导阈值均有统计学差异(P<0.05)。D组术前气导呈低频下降为主的听力曲线,骨导听力基本正常;A组与BC组术前气导呈平坦型下降曲线,伴有明显的中高频骨导下降。3组患者术后PTA、ABG均较术前显著降低(P<0.05),其中BC组阈值降低最明显,D组术后低频听阈基本恢复到正常范围。结论当听骨链中断且固定时,其听力损失主要由听骨链固定所致。听骨链固定引起的听力下降程度最重,骨气导间距最大,听骨链完整但被病变包绕引起的听力损失最轻。听骨链重建术能够有效改善患者的听力,其中听骨链固定的患者术后听力改善程度最明显。
文摘目的探讨先天性听骨链畸形的手术治疗效果。方法回顾性分析11例听骨链畸形患者术前行颞骨CT、声导抗及纯音测听检查,对不同畸形部位或类型者行不同术式人工听骨听骨链重建术,术后随访2个月～1年,评估患者术后听力情况。结果术前气导平均听阈(0.5、1、2和4 kHz)为(59.6±10.0)dB HL,骨气导差(38.9±8.0)dB HL。术后2个月～1年复查气导平均听阈(45.3±16.0)dB HL,骨气导差为(22.5±10.0)dB HL。术后气导增益(14.3±9.0)dB HL,骨气导差增益(16.4±8.0)dB HL。11例中7例(64%)术后气导增益≥15 dB HL,4例(36%)术后气导增益<15 dB HL;8例(73%)术后骨气导差增益≥15 dB HL,3例(27%)术后骨气导差增益<15 dB HL。结论人工听骨听骨链重建术是治疗听骨链畸形的方法之一。
文摘The purpose of this paper is to review some of the promising technological developments related to hearing restoration part of ENT practice. If success-fully implemented in product or procedure form, these technologies are likely to simplify surgical pro-cedures related to hearing restoration and improve the condition of patients. The developments are com-piled from scientific sources as well as from recent patent documents and they are not yet commercially available.
