It was found based on the history of acupuncture and records in ancient medicine writings that acupuncture manipulation originated from ancient times,formed in Pre-Qin and Han Dynasties（from the 21 century BC to220 A...It was found based on the history of acupuncture and records in ancient medicine writings that acupuncture manipulation originated from ancient times,formed in Pre-Qin and Han Dynasties（from the 21 century BC to220 AD）,slowly developed in Jin,Sui and Tang Dynasties（256 AD to 907 AD）,and gradually flourished in Song,Jin,and Yuan Dynasties（906 AD to 1368 AD）.It experienced prosperity and decline in the Ming and Qing Dynasties（1368 AD to 1912 AD）,tortuously developed in modern times,and is widely studied in nowadays.展开更多
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is the medical science based on theories and practicing experience of traditional Chinese medicine to study transferring principles of health and sickness,as well as prevention, diag...Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is the medical science based on theories and practicing experience of traditional Chinese medicine to study transferring principles of health and sickness,as well as prevention, diagnosis,treatment,rehabilitation and healthcare.TCM is marked with its long history of development,integrated theory system and abundant practicing experience.展开更多
The developmental origins of health and diseases(DOHaD)is a concept stating that adverse intrauterine environments contribute to the health risks of offspring.Since the theory emerged more than 30 years ago,many epide...The developmental origins of health and diseases(DOHaD)is a concept stating that adverse intrauterine environments contribute to the health risks of offspring.Since the theory emerged more than 30 years ago,many epidemiological and animal studies have confirmed that in utero exposure to environmental insults,including hyperglycemia and chemicals,increased the risk of developing noncommunicable diseases(NCDs).These NCDs include metabolic syndrome,type 2 diabetes,and complications such as diabetic cardiomyopathy.Studying the effects of different environmental insults on early embryo development would aid in understanding the underlying mechanisms by which these insults promote NCD development.Embryonic stem cells(ESCs)have also been utilized by researchers to study the DOHaD.ESCs have pluripotent characteristics and can be differentiated into almost every cell lineage;therefore,they are excellent in vitro models for studying early developmental events.More importantly,human ESCs(hESCs)are the best alternative to human embryos for research because of ethical concerns.In this review,we will discuss different maternal conditions associated with DOHaD,focusing on the complications of maternal diabetes.Next,we will review the differentiation protocols developed to generate different cell lineages from hESCs.Additionally,we will review how hESCs are utilized as a model for research into the DOHaD.The effects of environmental insults on hESC differentiation and the possible involvement of epigenetic regulation will be discussed.展开更多
I.The History of the Drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights:the Position and Role of the UN Economic and Social Council and the General Assembly of the United Nations should not be Ignored The reason fo...I.The History of the Drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights:the Position and Role of the UN Economic and Social Council and the General Assembly of the United Nations should not be Ignored The reason for me to use the term "source"in the discussion on the right to subsistence展开更多
There is consistent epidemiological evidence linking low birth weight, preterm birth and adverse fetal growth to an elevated risk of the metabolic syndrome (obesity, raised blood pressure, raised serum triglycerides, ...There is consistent epidemiological evidence linking low birth weight, preterm birth and adverse fetal growth to an elevated risk of the metabolic syndrome (obesity, raised blood pressure, raised serum triglycerides, lowered serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and impaired glucose tolerance or insulin resistance) and related disorders. This "fetal or developmental origins/programming of disease" concept is now well accepted but the "programming" mechanisms remain poorly understood. We reviewed the major evidence, implications and limitations of current hypotheses in interpreting developmental programming and discuss future research directions. Major current hypotheses to interpret developmental programming include: (1)thrifty phenotype; (2) postnatal accelerated or catchup growth; (3) glucocorticoid effects; (4) epigenetic changes; (5) oxidative stress; (6) prenatal hypoxia; (7) placental dysfunction; and (8) reduced stem cell number. Some hypothetical mechanisms (2, 4 and 8) could be driven by other upstream "driver" mechanisms. There is a lack of animal studies addressing multiple mechanisms simultaneously and a lack of strong evidence linking clinical outcomes to biomarkers of the proposed programming mechanisms in humans. There are needs for (1) experimental studies addressing multiple hypothetical mechanisms simultaneously; and (2) prospective pregnancy cohort studies linking biomarkers of the proposed mechanisms to clinical outcomes or surrogate biomarker endpoints. A better understanding of the programming mechanisms is a prerequisite for developing early life interventions to arrest the increasing epidemic of the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and other related disorders.展开更多
The ways in which epigenetic modifications fix the effects of early environmental events,ensuring sustained responses to transient stimuli,which result in modified gene expression patterns and phenotypes later in life...The ways in which epigenetic modifications fix the effects of early environmental events,ensuring sustained responses to transient stimuli,which result in modified gene expression patterns and phenotypes later in life,is a topic of considerable interest.This review focuses on recently discovered mechanisms and calls into question prevailing views about the dynamics,position and functions of epigenetic marks.Most epigenetic studies have addressed the long-term effects on a small number of epigenetic marks,at the global or individual gene level,of environmental stressors in humans and animal models.In parallel,increasing numbers of studies based on high-throughput technologies and focusing on humans and mice have revealed additional complexity in epigenetic processes,by highlighting the importance of crosstalk between the different epigenetic marks.A number of studies focusing on the developmental origin of health and disease and metabolic programming have identified links between early nutrition,epigenetic processes and long-term illness.The existence of a self-propagating epigenetic cycle has been demonstrated.Moreover,recent studies demonstrate an obvious sexual dimorphism both for programming trajectories and in response to the same environmental insult.Despite recent progress,we are still far from understanding how,when and where environmental stressors disturb key epigenetic mechanisms.Thus,identifying the original key marks and their changes throughout development during an individual's lifetime or over several generations remains a challenging issue.展开更多
Microglia have been recognized as a unique cell population in the central nervous system(CNS)for more than a century[1].However,it was not until 2010 that their developmental origin was clarified.Rather than arising f...Microglia have been recognized as a unique cell population in the central nervous system(CNS)for more than a century[1].However,it was not until 2010 that their developmental origin was clarified.Rather than arising from the neuroectoderm,microglia are derived from erythromyeloid progenitors in the embryonic yolk sac[2].展开更多
目的 探讨妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus, GDM)患者采用基于健康和疾病的发育起源(developmental origins of health and disease, DOHaD)理念的饮食护理取得的效果。方法 选取2023年1—12月曹县人民医院收治的GDM患者104...目的 探讨妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus, GDM)患者采用基于健康和疾病的发育起源(developmental origins of health and disease, DOHaD)理念的饮食护理取得的效果。方法 选取2023年1—12月曹县人民医院收治的GDM患者104例,使用不同护理方式分组,每组52例。对照组采取常规饮食护理,观察组采用基于DOHaD理念的饮食护理。比较护理前后两组患者的血糖水平与主观整体营养评估量表(Subjective Global Assessment, SGA)评分,以及护理满意度。结果 护理后,与对照组空腹血糖(7.06±0.46)mmol/L、餐后2 h血糖水平(8.75±0.46)mmol/L相比,观察组(6.05±0.39)mmol/L、(7.23±0.52)mmol/L更低,差异均有统计学意义(t=12.077,15.788;P均<0.05)。与对照组结果相比,观察组SGA评分更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。护理满意度评价显示,与对照组结果相比,观察组更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 基于DOHaD理念的饮食护理能够合理控制GDM患者的血糖水平,改善其营养状况,提高护理满意度。展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China:81001551
文摘It was found based on the history of acupuncture and records in ancient medicine writings that acupuncture manipulation originated from ancient times,formed in Pre-Qin and Han Dynasties（from the 21 century BC to220 AD）,slowly developed in Jin,Sui and Tang Dynasties（256 AD to 907 AD）,and gradually flourished in Song,Jin,and Yuan Dynasties（906 AD to 1368 AD）.It experienced prosperity and decline in the Ming and Qing Dynasties（1368 AD to 1912 AD）,tortuously developed in modern times,and is widely studied in nowadays.
文摘Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is the medical science based on theories and practicing experience of traditional Chinese medicine to study transferring principles of health and sickness,as well as prevention, diagnosis,treatment,rehabilitation and healthcare.TCM is marked with its long history of development,integrated theory system and abundant practicing experience.
文摘The developmental origins of health and diseases(DOHaD)is a concept stating that adverse intrauterine environments contribute to the health risks of offspring.Since the theory emerged more than 30 years ago,many epidemiological and animal studies have confirmed that in utero exposure to environmental insults,including hyperglycemia and chemicals,increased the risk of developing noncommunicable diseases(NCDs).These NCDs include metabolic syndrome,type 2 diabetes,and complications such as diabetic cardiomyopathy.Studying the effects of different environmental insults on early embryo development would aid in understanding the underlying mechanisms by which these insults promote NCD development.Embryonic stem cells(ESCs)have also been utilized by researchers to study the DOHaD.ESCs have pluripotent characteristics and can be differentiated into almost every cell lineage;therefore,they are excellent in vitro models for studying early developmental events.More importantly,human ESCs(hESCs)are the best alternative to human embryos for research because of ethical concerns.In this review,we will discuss different maternal conditions associated with DOHaD,focusing on the complications of maternal diabetes.Next,we will review the differentiation protocols developed to generate different cell lineages from hESCs.Additionally,we will review how hESCs are utilized as a model for research into the DOHaD.The effects of environmental insults on hESC differentiation and the possible involvement of epigenetic regulation will be discussed.
文摘I.The History of the Drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights:the Position and Role of the UN Economic and Social Council and the General Assembly of the United Nations should not be Ignored The reason for me to use the term "source"in the discussion on the right to subsistence
基金Supported by a Research Grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), Institute of Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes (CIHR Grant # 79896 - Luo ZC)partly by a Clinical Epidemiology Junior Scholar Award from the Fonds de la Recherche en Santé du Québec (FRSQ) (Luo ZC)partly by a FRSQ Senior Scholar Award (Nuyt AM)
文摘There is consistent epidemiological evidence linking low birth weight, preterm birth and adverse fetal growth to an elevated risk of the metabolic syndrome (obesity, raised blood pressure, raised serum triglycerides, lowered serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and impaired glucose tolerance or insulin resistance) and related disorders. This "fetal or developmental origins/programming of disease" concept is now well accepted but the "programming" mechanisms remain poorly understood. We reviewed the major evidence, implications and limitations of current hypotheses in interpreting developmental programming and discuss future research directions. Major current hypotheses to interpret developmental programming include: (1)thrifty phenotype; (2) postnatal accelerated or catchup growth; (3) glucocorticoid effects; (4) epigenetic changes; (5) oxidative stress; (6) prenatal hypoxia; (7) placental dysfunction; and (8) reduced stem cell number. Some hypothetical mechanisms (2, 4 and 8) could be driven by other upstream "driver" mechanisms. There is a lack of animal studies addressing multiple mechanisms simultaneously and a lack of strong evidence linking clinical outcomes to biomarkers of the proposed programming mechanisms in humans. There are needs for (1) experimental studies addressing multiple hypothetical mechanisms simultaneously; and (2) prospective pregnancy cohort studies linking biomarkers of the proposed mechanisms to clinical outcomes or surrogate biomarker endpoints. A better understanding of the programming mechanisms is a prerequisite for developing early life interventions to arrest the increasing epidemic of the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and other related disorders.
基金Supported by Grants from INRA,INSERM (ATC-Nutrition,PRNH)Association Franaise des Diabétiques+3 种基金the Institut Benjamin Delessertthe Fondation Coeur et Artères (FCA N° 05-T4)the Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR 06-PNRA-022-01)Contrat Cadre d’Aide au Projet d’Innova-tion Stratégique Industrielle "IT-Diab"OSEO-ISI (ISI IT-DIAB-18/12/2008)
文摘The ways in which epigenetic modifications fix the effects of early environmental events,ensuring sustained responses to transient stimuli,which result in modified gene expression patterns and phenotypes later in life,is a topic of considerable interest.This review focuses on recently discovered mechanisms and calls into question prevailing views about the dynamics,position and functions of epigenetic marks.Most epigenetic studies have addressed the long-term effects on a small number of epigenetic marks,at the global or individual gene level,of environmental stressors in humans and animal models.In parallel,increasing numbers of studies based on high-throughput technologies and focusing on humans and mice have revealed additional complexity in epigenetic processes,by highlighting the importance of crosstalk between the different epigenetic marks.A number of studies focusing on the developmental origin of health and disease and metabolic programming have identified links between early nutrition,epigenetic processes and long-term illness.The existence of a self-propagating epigenetic cycle has been demonstrated.Moreover,recent studies demonstrate an obvious sexual dimorphism both for programming trajectories and in response to the same environmental insult.Despite recent progress,we are still far from understanding how,when and where environmental stressors disturb key epigenetic mechanisms.Thus,identifying the original key marks and their changes throughout development during an individual's lifetime or over several generations remains a challenging issue.
基金supported in part by National Science and Technology Major Project of National Health Commission of China(2023ZD0520300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32130037 and 32370953)the Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program,SXMU-Tsinghua Collaborative Innovation Center for Frontier Medicine and the Research Fund of Vanke School of Public Health,Tsinghua University.H.Q.is a New Cornerstone Investigator.
文摘Microglia have been recognized as a unique cell population in the central nervous system(CNS)for more than a century[1].However,it was not until 2010 that their developmental origin was clarified.Rather than arising from the neuroectoderm,microglia are derived from erythromyeloid progenitors in the embryonic yolk sac[2].
文摘目的 探讨妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus, GDM)患者采用基于健康和疾病的发育起源(developmental origins of health and disease, DOHaD)理念的饮食护理取得的效果。方法 选取2023年1—12月曹县人民医院收治的GDM患者104例,使用不同护理方式分组,每组52例。对照组采取常规饮食护理,观察组采用基于DOHaD理念的饮食护理。比较护理前后两组患者的血糖水平与主观整体营养评估量表(Subjective Global Assessment, SGA)评分,以及护理满意度。结果 护理后,与对照组空腹血糖(7.06±0.46)mmol/L、餐后2 h血糖水平(8.75±0.46)mmol/L相比,观察组(6.05±0.39)mmol/L、(7.23±0.52)mmol/L更低,差异均有统计学意义(t=12.077,15.788;P均<0.05)。与对照组结果相比,观察组SGA评分更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。护理满意度评价显示,与对照组结果相比,观察组更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 基于DOHaD理念的饮食护理能够合理控制GDM患者的血糖水平,改善其营养状况,提高护理满意度。
