It is well documented that orienting attention plays an important role in visual search. However, it remains unclear how the executive brain regions will act when two different stimulus onset asynchrony （SOA） are us...It is well documented that orienting attention plays an important role in visual search. However, it remains unclear how the executive brain regions will act when two different stimulus onset asynchrony （SOA） are used in visual search. In this work, event-related fMRI was used to investigate neural mechanisms on the functions of SOA in endogenous and exogenous orienting. The results showed that in the endogenous orienting, long SOA versus short SOA resulted in widespread cortical activation mainly including right medial frontal gyrus and bilateral middle frontal gyri. Conversely, in exogenous orienting, long SOA compared to short SOA resulted in only activations in bilateral middle frontal gyri. These findings indicated that these two spatial orienting involved different brain areas and neural mechanisms.展开更多
Attentional orienting and response inhibition have largely been studied separately. Each has yielded important findings, but controversy remains concerning whether they share any neurocognitive processes. These confli...Attentional orienting and response inhibition have largely been studied separately. Each has yielded important findings, but controversy remains concerning whether they share any neurocognitive processes. These conflicting findings may originate from two issues： （1） at the cognitive level, attentional orienting and response inhibition are typically studied in isolation; and （2） at the technological level, a single neuroimaging method is typically used to study these processes. This article reviews recent achievements in both spatial and temporal neuroimaging, emphasizing the relationship between attentional orienting and response inhibition. We suggest that coordinated engagement, both top-down and bottom-up, serves as a common neural mechanism underlying these two cognitive processes. In addition, the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex may play a major role in their harmonious operation.展开更多
Generational diversity provides a unique quandary for nursing leaders and educators to enlist, orient, and retain nurses. Millennials are the largest cohort since the Baby Boomers and the age group from which the nurs...Generational diversity provides a unique quandary for nursing leaders and educators to enlist, orient, and retain nurses. Millennials are the largest cohort since the Baby Boomers and the age group from which the nursing profession will build its future workforce. This study examined the experiences of the new graduate nurse of the millennial generation as they navigate orientation in an acute care setting. Using a Web-based survey to conduct the study allowed nurses from across the country to participate while providing easy access to the study questions. Analysis of the data through qualitative content analysis demonstrated a dominate theme of seeking structure while expecting an individualized orientation. The survey also revealed the importance of the preceptor and manager in the perceived success of this generation’s transition and a need to assimilate into the professional role of RN. Recognizing that there is a need to promote a more individualized orientation with improved mentoring for novice nurses and their preceptors is evident and challenges nursing leaders and educators to rethink current practices to retain new nurses. Established roles within the hospital and individual nursing units are changing and traditional strategies for recruitment and retention no longer apply. A structured orientation can facilitate the transition from new graduate to professional nurse and assist in the retention of qualified nurses and ultimately safe patient care.展开更多
Typically developing(TD)individuals can readily orient attention according to others'eye-gaze direction,an ability known as social attention,which involves both innate and acquired components.To distinguish betwee...Typically developing(TD)individuals can readily orient attention according to others'eye-gaze direction,an ability known as social attention,which involves both innate and acquired components.To distinguish between these two components,we used a critical flicker fusion technique to render gaze cues invisible to participants,thereby largely reducing influences from consciously acquired strategies.Results revealed that both visible and invisible gaze cues could trigger attentional orienting in TD adults(aged 20 to 30 years)and children(aged 6 to 12 years).Intriguingly,only the ability to involuntarily respond to invisible gaze cues was negatively correlated with autistic traits among all TD participants.This ability was substantially impaired in adults with autism spectrum disorder(ASD)and in children with high autistic traits.No such association or reduction was observed with visible gaze cues.These findings provide compelling evidence for the functional demarcation of conscious and unconscious gaze-triggered attentional orienting that emerges early in life and develops into adulthood,shedding new light on the differentiation of the innate and acquired aspects of social attention.Moreover,they contribute to a comprehensive understanding of social endophenotypes of ASD.展开更多
Background Selective attention is considered one of the main components of cognitive functioning.A number of studies have demonstrated gender differences in cognition.This study aimed to investigate the gender differe...Background Selective attention is considered one of the main components of cognitive functioning.A number of studies have demonstrated gender differences in cognition.This study aimed to investigate the gender differences in selective attention in healthy subjects.Methods The present experiment examined the gender differences associated with the efficiency of three attentional networks：alerting,orienting,and executive control attention in 73 healthy subjects （38 males）.All participants performed a modified version of the Attention Network Test （ANT）.Results Females had higher orienting scores than males （t=2.172,P 〈0.05）.Specifically,females were faster at covert orienting of attention to a spatially cued location.There were no gender differences between males and females in alerting （t=0.813,P 〉0.05） and executive control （t=0.945,P 〉0.05） attention networks.Conclusions There was a significant gender difference between males and females associated with the orienting network.Enhanced orienting attention in females may function to motivate females to direct their attention to a spatially cued location.展开更多
Across four studies,we explore the impact of solitude on consumers’reliance on feelings versus reasons in decision making,along with the underlying mechanism and boundary conditions.The results indicate that solitude...Across four studies,we explore the impact of solitude on consumers’reliance on feelings versus reasons in decision making,along with the underlying mechanism and boundary conditions.The results indicate that solitude individuals(vs.non-solitude)would prefer feeling-based strategy in decision-making,resulting in a higher intention of choosing the affectively superior option over the cognitively superior option(Study 1).Self-focus plays the underlying mechanism in the solitude effect(Study 2).Moreover,we also examine two boundary conditions:motivation(Study 3)and temporal orientation(Study 4),which indicates that involuntary motivation and future orientation can mitigate the solitude effect on affective processing.These findings provide insights into consumers’judgments of product attributes and selection of decision-making strategies according to their situations.展开更多
Although magnesium-aluminum alloys,such as AZ80 and AZ91 have promising application potential in automotive,high-speed train and aerospace fields,their age-hardening response is generally not very appreciable.In this ...Although magnesium-aluminum alloys,such as AZ80 and AZ91 have promising application potential in automotive,high-speed train and aerospace fields,their age-hardening response is generally not very appreciable.In this work,the aging-hardening response of AZ80 alloy was effectively enhanced by applying cold-rolling deformation before conducting conventional aging treatment at 200°C.Compared to the directly aged sample,the yield strength of the pre-rolling and aged sample was increased by 35 MPa.Electron microscope examination confirmed that profuse{10¯11}and{10¯11}-{10¯12}twins,consisting of high density of dislocations and stacking faults,were generated by cold rolling.Blocky or ellipsoidal Mg_(17)Al_(12)precipitates formed at the twin boundaries(TBs)during subsequent aging treatment.Crystallographic analysis indicated that the precipitates at{10¯11}TBs always held an identical Potter OR with both the matrix and twin,while the precipitates at{10¯11}-{10¯12}TBs exhibited three different ORs:Burgers OR,Potter OR and P-S OR with either the matrix or the twin.Moreover,recrystallized grains were found inside{10¯11}-{10¯12}double twins after peak-aging at 200°C,implying that precipitation and recrystallization might occur concurrently along TBs at a relatively low temperature.It was speculated that the highly stored energy inside twins and the high elastic energy between the precipitates and twins were driving factors for the occurrence of recrystallization.展开更多
Determining the orientation of in-situ stresses is crucial for various geoscience and engineering appli-cations.Conventional methods for estimating these stress orientations often depend on focal mechanism solutions(F...Determining the orientation of in-situ stresses is crucial for various geoscience and engineering appli-cations.Conventional methods for estimating these stress orientations often depend on focal mechanism solutions(FMSs)derived from earthquake data and formation micro-imager(FMI)data from well logs.However,these techniques can be costly,depth-inaccurate,and may lack spatial coverage.To address this issue,we introduce the use of three-dimensional(3D)seismic data(active sources)as a lateral constraint to approximate the 3D stress orientation field.Recognizing that both stress and fracture patterns are closely related to seismic velocity anisotropy,we derive the orientation of azimuthal anisotropy from multi-azimuth 3D seismic data to compensate for the lack of spatial stress orientation information.We apply our proposed workflow to a case study in the Weiyuan area of the Sichuan Basin,China,a region targeted for shale gas production.By integrating diverse datasets,including 3D seismic,earthquakes,and well logs,we develop a comprehensive 3D model of in-situ stress(orientations and magnitudes).Our results demonstrate that the estimated anisotropy orientations from 3D seismic data are consistent with the direction of maximum horizontal principal stress(SHmax)obtained from FMIs.We analyzed 12 earthquakes(magnitude>3)recorded between 2016 and 2020 for their FMSs and compressional axis(P-axis)orientations.The derived SHmax direction from our 3D stress model is 110°ES(East-South),which shows excellent agreement with the FMSs(within 3.96°).This close alignment validates the reliability and precision of our integrated method for predicting 3D SHmax orientations.展开更多
Grain-oriented silicon steels were prepared at different heating rates during high temperature annealing,in which the evolution of magnetic properties,grain orientations and precipitates were studied.To illustrate the...Grain-oriented silicon steels were prepared at different heating rates during high temperature annealing,in which the evolution of magnetic properties,grain orientations and precipitates were studied.To illustrate the Zener factor,the diameter and number density of precipitates of interrupted testing samples were statistically calculated.The effect of precipitate ripening on the Goss texture and magnetic property was investigated.Data indicated that the trend of Zener factor was similar under different heating rates,first increasing and then decreasing,and that the precipitate maturing was greatly inhibited as the heating rate increased.Secondary recrystallization was developed at the temperature of 1010℃when a heating rate of 5℃/h was used,resulting in Goss,Brass and{110}<227>oriented grains growing abnormally and a magnetic induction intensity of 1.90T.Furthermore,increasing the heating rate to 20℃/h would inhibit the development of undesirable oriented grains and obtain a sharp Goss texture.However,when the heating rate was extremely fast,such as 40℃/h,poor secondary recrystallization was developed with many island grains,corresponding to a decrease in magnetic induction intensity to 1.87 T.At a suitable heating rate of 20℃/h,the sharpest Goss texture and the highest magnetic induction of 1.94 T with an onset secondary recrystallization temperature of 1020℃were found among the experimental variables in this study.The heating rate affected the initial temperature of secondary recrystallization by controlling the maturation of precipitates,leading to the deviation and dispersion of Goss texture,thereby reducing the magnetic properties.展开更多
A redox-active monolayer on an optically transparent electrode constitutes a typical platform for spectroelectrochemical sensing.The necessity for its sophistication arises from the availability of multi-dimensional s...A redox-active monolayer on an optically transparent electrode constitutes a typical platform for spectroelectrochemical sensing.The necessity for its sophistication arises from the availability of multi-dimensional sensing signals.Simultaneous monitoring of the redox current and color change synchronized with the oxidation state change significantly enhances sen-sitivity and selectivity.This study aimed to elucidate the modification of an indium tin oxide(ITO)electrode with a viologen monolayer with an ordered orientation.Novel methods were developed to immobilize a viologen molecule bearing a car-boxyl group to form assembled monolayers through a condensation reaction using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-car-bodiimide with N-hydroxy-succinimide(EDC/NHS).In the two methods of immobilization,one utilizes a two-step process to firstly form an aromatic siloxane base layer and subsequently attach the viologen derivative through an amide linkage by post-amidation.The other employs a direct ester linkage between the hydroxyl groups of the ITO surface and the car-boxyl group of the viologen derivative.The latter method was also applied to immobilize a ferrocenyl group at a very short distance from the ITO surface.Potential-modulated UV-visible transmission absorption spectral measurement techniques with oblique incidence of plane-polarized light were employed to determine the orientation of the longitudinal axis of the reduced form of the viologen.The frequency dependence data of the potential-modulated transmission absorption signals were utilized to analyze the electron transfer kinetics.The performance of the two viologen-modified electrodes was com-pared to that of an ITO modified by post-amidation to the most commonly used base layer prepared with 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane.展开更多
The estimation of orientation parameters and correction of lens distortion are crucial problems in the field of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)photogrammetry.In recent years,the utilization of UAVs for aerial photogram...The estimation of orientation parameters and correction of lens distortion are crucial problems in the field of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)photogrammetry.In recent years,the utilization of UAVs for aerial photogrammetry has witnessed a surge in popularity.Typically,UAVs are equipped with low-cost non-metric cameras and a Position and Orientation System(POS).Unfortunately,the Interior Orientation Parameters(IOPs)of the non-metric cameras are not fixed.Whether the lens distortions are large or small,they effect the image coordinates accordingly.Additionally,Inertial Measurement Units(IMUs)often have observation errors.To address these challenges and improve parameter estimation for UAVs Light Detection and Ranging(LiDAR)and photogrammetry,this paper analyzes the accuracy of POS observations obtained from Global Navigation Satellite System Real Time Kinematic(GNSS-RTK)and IMU data.A method that incorporates additional known conditions for parameter estimation,a series of algorithms to simultaneously solve for IOPs,Exterior Orientation Parameters(EOPs),and camera lens distortion correction parameters are proposed.Extensive experiments demonstrate that the coordinates measured by GNSS-RTK can be directly used as linear EOPs;however,angular EOP measurements from IMUs exhibit relatively large errors compared to adjustment results and require correction during the adjustment process.The IOPs of non-metric cameras vary slightly between images but need to be treated as unknown parameters in high precision applications.Furthermore,it is found that the Ebner systematic error model is sensitive to the choice of the magnification parameter of the photographic baseline length in images,it should be set as less than or equal to one third of the photographic baseline to ensure stable solutions.展开更多
After graduating from the China Academy of Arts(Department of Oil Painting)in Hangzhou in 1995,Yang Fudong(1971)moved to Shanghai to work as a graphic designer.Inspired by his daily job in Pudong,he started producing ...After graduating from the China Academy of Arts(Department of Oil Painting)in Hangzhou in 1995,Yang Fudong(1971)moved to Shanghai to work as a graphic designer.Inspired by his daily job in Pudong,he started producing photographic series that closely resembled the advertising campaigns he worked on.Glossy images of stylish young people or dishevelled white collars in highly saturated colours,defined“intellectuals”in cryptic accompanying captions.Conversely,his body of work in black and white,almost entirely shot on 35mm film,portrays a suspended reality out of the historical time:a ghostly dimension akin to a drowsy vigil,a uchronia,an“estranged paradise”-to borrow the title of his earliest film set in Hangzhou.But it is Shanghai’s elusiveness and material relationship with the past that has contributed the most to form Yang’s trademark imagery and aesthetic.What he conjures up in his still and moving images,is a dimension with a distinctive oneiric quality,an“in-between”universe where all the circumstances are justified and have an inner logic,just like in dreams,or just like in the China of his childhood.The research of Yang Fudong is somewhat unique in the universe of contemporary Chinese art and sets him apart from a plethora of artists that have used the video in a much more“didactic”and quotational way.I will illustrate some specific aspects of his black and white body of work,trying to show how a certain self-orientalist trait can be interpreted as strategy to regain narrative agency and bring to the surface a series of removed instances:the main of which being,in my opinion,the fate of Shanghai’s(perhaps of China's Mainland in its ungraspable entirety?)modernity.展开更多
We review the genus Paraglenurus van der Weele,1909 in China,and provide a new Chinese record:P.scopifer(Gerstaeker,1888)from Orchid Island(Lanyu).Additionally,we describe a new species of Paraglenurus from South Viet...We review the genus Paraglenurus van der Weele,1909 in China,and provide a new Chinese record:P.scopifer(Gerstaeker,1888)from Orchid Island(Lanyu).Additionally,we describe a new species of Paraglenurus from South Vietnam,i.e.,P.badanoi sp.nov.,which represents the first record of this genus in Indochina.Furthermore,we confirm that the paratypes of P.pumilus(Yang,1997)are actually a distinct new species in the genus Indophanes Banks,1940,i.e.,I.zhiliangi sp.nov.展开更多
Inhibiting dendrites formation and side-reactions is a critical challenge for practical application of aqueous Zn-ion batteries(AZIBs).Electrolyte additives offer an effective solution to address this problem.Inspired...Inhibiting dendrites formation and side-reactions is a critical challenge for practical application of aqueous Zn-ion batteries(AZIBs).Electrolyte additives offer an effective solution to address this problem.Inspired by using green corrosion inhibitor for metals,we introduce caffeine,extracted from tea-leaf,as an additive to achieve stable AZIBs.Caffeine,with its N and O containing groups,strongly adsorbs on the Zn anode and Zn^(2+)ions.This featured adsorption induces the replacement of water molecules from electric double layer(EDL)and solvation shell,suppressing side-reactions such as corrosion and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Moreover,the selective adsorption and steric hindrance of caffeine promote Zn(002)-oriented deposition,resulting in uniform and compact zinc deposits at both low and high current density and areal capacity.Due to the significantly suppressed dendrites and corrosion,the Coulomb Efficiency(CE)reaches 99.24%after 800 cycles,and the Zn||MnO_(2)battery shows a specific capacity of 167.2 mAh g^(−1)with 81%capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 2 A g^(−1).展开更多
Wattwil,Switzerland,April l,2025-The art of re-orientation runs through Heberlein's l90-year companyhistory.Georg Philipp Heberlein and his descendants ranan exemplary family business with roots in yarn dyeing.Itd...Wattwil,Switzerland,April l,2025-The art of re-orientation runs through Heberlein's l90-year companyhistory.Georg Philipp Heberlein and his descendants ranan exemplary family business with roots in yarn dyeing.Itdeveloped into a corporate group and ultimately became ahighly spectalised company that is regarded as the world'sleading provider of air interlacing and air texturing jets forsynthetic continuous filament yarns.展开更多
The origin of the misorientations after fcc(face-centered cubic)to hcp(hexagonal close-packed)transformation in pure cobalt was elucidated by utilizing the electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)technique and transform...The origin of the misorientations after fcc(face-centered cubic)to hcp(hexagonal close-packed)transformation in pure cobalt was elucidated by utilizing the electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)technique and transformation crystallographic models.It is found the Shoji−Nishiyama orientation relationship during fcc→hcp transformation leads to four hcp variants,characterized by a common misorientation angle of 70.5°with respect to the<1120>direction,which is the predominant misorientation observed.Other statistically significant misorientation angles between hcp grains,including 32°,36°,38°,60°,71°and 86°−91°,are also identified.These newly observed misorientation angles are linked to the microstructure of the fcc matrix at elevated temperatures,with twin structures in the fcc matrix being the primary cause.Furthermore,a novel method is proposed for estimating the fraction of twins in the fcc grains based on misorientation angles between hcp variants,which is found to be consistent with experimental observations.In-situ EBSD observations validate the possible origin of fcc twins from the hcp→fcc transformation.展开更多
This study investigated the political,economic,social,and cultural environment perceptions on international students that define their acculturation and health related quality of life.Participants were 117 internation...This study investigated the political,economic,social,and cultural environment perceptions on international students that define their acculturation and health related quality of life.Participants were 117 international students from 32 countries attending a Chinese university(females=43%,mean age=21.17 years,SD=4.45 years).They reported on their acculturation to China and physical and psychological well-being.Results from t-tests and correlation analyses indicate political liberals had more positive attitudes toward China than the conservatives,and higher self-reported physical and psychological results.Higher scores on the“interdependence”dimension of self-construal,as well as the“extraversion”and“emotional stability”dimensions of personality traits,were associated with more positive views of China and better health outcomes.These findings are consistent with Berry’s framework for acculturation,which posits that individual-level variables are related to cultural adaptation,and that cultural adaptation is associated with improved physical and mental health.International student offices at host universities should implement comprehensive support programs,including language assistance,cultural orientation,and social integration initiatives to effectively enhance the health related quality of life of international students.展开更多
Avian alarm calls mediate defenses against brood parasites and predators. These calls facilitate communication among adults and alert nestlings to potential danger. While heterospecific call recognition has been exten...Avian alarm calls mediate defenses against brood parasites and predators. These calls facilitate communication among adults and alert nestlings to potential danger. While heterospecific call recognition has been extensively studied in adult birds, nestlings—lacking direct predation experience and heterospecific alarm exposure—represent an ideal system to investigate the response to interspecific warning cues. This study explored the recognition capabilities of 5–6-day-old nestlings in Oriental Reed Warbler (Acrocephalus orientalis), a common host of the Common Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus). We exposed the nestlings to playbacks of alarm calls directed at parasites and raptors from conspecific, Vinous-throated Parrotbill (Sinosuthora webbiana, sympatric species), Isabelline Shrike (Lanius isabellinus, allopatric species) and Common Tailorbird (Orthotomus sutorius, allopatric species) adults. Results indicated that there was no significant difference in the responses of nestlings to the alarm calls of conspecific and allopatric adults directed at cuckoos and sparrowhawks. In addition, interestingly, nestlings significantly reduced their begging in response to conspecific and unfamiliar allopatric Isabelline Shrike and Common Tailorbird alarm calls but exhibited a weak response to the sympatric Vinous-throated Parrotbill. Whether older warbler nestlings with more social experience exhibit stronger responses to the alarm calls of Vinous-throated Parrotbill adults requires further investigation.展开更多
The rapid advancement of the bioeconomy imposes increasingly stringent demands on bioengineering education.Drawing on data from the 2025 Chinese Undergraduate Employment Report and related sources,this study revealed ...The rapid advancement of the bioeconomy imposes increasingly stringent demands on bioengineering education.Drawing on data from the 2025 Chinese Undergraduate Employment Report and related sources,this study revealed that while employment placement rates for bioengineering graduates remain stable,starting salaries exhibit limited growth and career trajectories lack clarity.These challenges originate from a curriculum lagging behind technological progress,inadequate practical training,and a mismatch between student competencies and industry expectations.To address these issues,this paper proposed a strategic framework grounded in"demand-driven design,industry-education integration,and competence-centered development".Key strategies include dynamic curriculum renewal,collaborative university-industry training,holistic competency development,and personalized student support,which collectively aim at enhancing graduates employment competitiveness and long-term professional sustainability.展开更多
The orientation of precipitates was regulated by an improved twinning-aging-detwinning(TAD)process in Mg-Sn sheets.A structure with specific proportions of dual-precipitates was regulated,significantly enhancing the m...The orientation of precipitates was regulated by an improved twinning-aging-detwinning(TAD)process in Mg-Sn sheets.A structure with specific proportions of dual-precipitates was regulated,significantly enhancing the material’s strength.The formation mechanism of the dual-precipitates was investigated,and the evolution of precipitate orientation was confirmed.A combined SEM,EBSD and TEM method was developed to identify the coupling relationship between complex grain orientation and precipitate orientation.The orientation relationship between precipitates and the matrix could be quantitatively analyzed in the same region.Subsequently,the Orowan model was refined to quantify the strength enhancement effect following the orientation regulation of precipitates.The TAD sample containing dual-precipitates exhibited a 99.1%increase in TYS,equivalent to an increase of 108 MPa,compared to unregulated samples A.According to Orowan calculations,the theoretical strength increment from the three strengthening mechanisms was 113 MPa,closely matching the experimental increment of 108 MPa.Notably,the materials with a specific proportion of the dual-precipitates showed a substantial increase in strength.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 30525030, 60701015, and 60736029
文摘It is well documented that orienting attention plays an important role in visual search. However, it remains unclear how the executive brain regions will act when two different stimulus onset asynchrony （SOA） are used in visual search. In this work, event-related fMRI was used to investigate neural mechanisms on the functions of SOA in endogenous and exogenous orienting. The results showed that in the endogenous orienting, long SOA versus short SOA resulted in widespread cortical activation mainly including right medial frontal gyrus and bilateral middle frontal gyri. Conversely, in exogenous orienting, long SOA compared to short SOA resulted in only activations in bilateral middle frontal gyri. These findings indicated that these two spatial orienting involved different brain areas and neural mechanisms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31100745 91232725 and 61175117)+5 种基金the National Basic Research Development Program (973 Program) of China (2011CB707803)the ‘111’ Project of China the Doctoral Training Fund of China (2010018511016)the Scientific Project of Bureau of Education Chongqing Municipality China (KJ110502)
文摘Attentional orienting and response inhibition have largely been studied separately. Each has yielded important findings, but controversy remains concerning whether they share any neurocognitive processes. These conflicting findings may originate from two issues： （1） at the cognitive level, attentional orienting and response inhibition are typically studied in isolation; and （2） at the technological level, a single neuroimaging method is typically used to study these processes. This article reviews recent achievements in both spatial and temporal neuroimaging, emphasizing the relationship between attentional orienting and response inhibition. We suggest that coordinated engagement, both top-down and bottom-up, serves as a common neural mechanism underlying these two cognitive processes. In addition, the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex may play a major role in their harmonious operation.
文摘Generational diversity provides a unique quandary for nursing leaders and educators to enlist, orient, and retain nurses. Millennials are the largest cohort since the Baby Boomers and the age group from which the nursing profession will build its future workforce. This study examined the experiences of the new graduate nurse of the millennial generation as they navigate orientation in an acute care setting. Using a Web-based survey to conduct the study allowed nurses from across the country to participate while providing easy access to the study questions. Analysis of the data through qualitative content analysis demonstrated a dominate theme of seeking structure while expecting an individualized orientation. The survey also revealed the importance of the preceptor and manager in the perceived success of this generation’s transition and a need to assimilate into the professional role of RN. Recognizing that there is a need to promote a more individualized orientation with improved mentoring for novice nurses and their preceptors is evident and challenges nursing leaders and educators to rethink current practices to retain new nurses. Established roles within the hospital and individual nursing units are changing and traditional strategies for recruitment and retention no longer apply. A structured orientation can facilitate the transition from new graduate to professional nurse and assist in the retention of qualified nurses and ultimately safe patient care.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2021ZD0203800 and 2021ZD0204200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31830037)+2 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Guangdong(2023B0303010004)the Interdisciplinary Innovation Team of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(JCTD-2021-06)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Typically developing(TD)individuals can readily orient attention according to others'eye-gaze direction,an ability known as social attention,which involves both innate and acquired components.To distinguish between these two components,we used a critical flicker fusion technique to render gaze cues invisible to participants,thereby largely reducing influences from consciously acquired strategies.Results revealed that both visible and invisible gaze cues could trigger attentional orienting in TD adults(aged 20 to 30 years)and children(aged 6 to 12 years).Intriguingly,only the ability to involuntarily respond to invisible gaze cues was negatively correlated with autistic traits among all TD participants.This ability was substantially impaired in adults with autism spectrum disorder(ASD)and in children with high autistic traits.No such association or reduction was observed with visible gaze cues.These findings provide compelling evidence for the functional demarcation of conscious and unconscious gaze-triggered attentional orienting that emerges early in life and develops into adulthood,shedding new light on the differentiation of the innate and acquired aspects of social attention.Moreover,they contribute to a comprehensive understanding of social endophenotypes of ASD.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30870766）, the National Basic Research Program of China （973 Program） （No. 2011CB707805）, and International Program of Anhui Province （No. 10080703040）. Conflict of interest： None.
文摘Background Selective attention is considered one of the main components of cognitive functioning.A number of studies have demonstrated gender differences in cognition.This study aimed to investigate the gender differences in selective attention in healthy subjects.Methods The present experiment examined the gender differences associated with the efficiency of three attentional networks：alerting,orienting,and executive control attention in 73 healthy subjects （38 males）.All participants performed a modified version of the Attention Network Test （ANT）.Results Females had higher orienting scores than males （t=2.172,P 〈0.05）.Specifically,females were faster at covert orienting of attention to a spatially cued location.There were no gender differences between males and females in alerting （t=0.813,P 〉0.05） and executive control （t=0.945,P 〉0.05） attention networks.Conclusions There was a significant gender difference between males and females associated with the orienting network.Enhanced orienting attention in females may function to motivate females to direct their attention to a spatially cued location.
文摘Across four studies,we explore the impact of solitude on consumers’reliance on feelings versus reasons in decision making,along with the underlying mechanism and boundary conditions.The results indicate that solitude individuals(vs.non-solitude)would prefer feeling-based strategy in decision-making,resulting in a higher intention of choosing the affectively superior option over the cognitively superior option(Study 1).Self-focus plays the underlying mechanism in the solitude effect(Study 2).Moreover,we also examine two boundary conditions:motivation(Study 3)and temporal orientation(Study 4),which indicates that involuntary motivation and future orientation can mitigate the solitude effect on affective processing.These findings provide insights into consumers’judgments of product attributes and selection of decision-making strategies according to their situations.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52071040 and 51871036)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(No.ZR2022QE008)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M712984)。
文摘Although magnesium-aluminum alloys,such as AZ80 and AZ91 have promising application potential in automotive,high-speed train and aerospace fields,their age-hardening response is generally not very appreciable.In this work,the aging-hardening response of AZ80 alloy was effectively enhanced by applying cold-rolling deformation before conducting conventional aging treatment at 200°C.Compared to the directly aged sample,the yield strength of the pre-rolling and aged sample was increased by 35 MPa.Electron microscope examination confirmed that profuse{10¯11}and{10¯11}-{10¯12}twins,consisting of high density of dislocations and stacking faults,were generated by cold rolling.Blocky or ellipsoidal Mg_(17)Al_(12)precipitates formed at the twin boundaries(TBs)during subsequent aging treatment.Crystallographic analysis indicated that the precipitates at{10¯11}TBs always held an identical Potter OR with both the matrix and twin,while the precipitates at{10¯11}-{10¯12}TBs exhibited three different ORs:Burgers OR,Potter OR and P-S OR with either the matrix or the twin.Moreover,recrystallized grains were found inside{10¯11}-{10¯12}double twins after peak-aging at 200°C,implying that precipitation and recrystallization might occur concurrently along TBs at a relatively low temperature.It was speculated that the highly stored energy inside twins and the high elastic energy between the precipitates and twins were driving factors for the occurrence of recrystallization.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2020YFA0710604)NSFC(Grant No.42374064).
文摘Determining the orientation of in-situ stresses is crucial for various geoscience and engineering appli-cations.Conventional methods for estimating these stress orientations often depend on focal mechanism solutions(FMSs)derived from earthquake data and formation micro-imager(FMI)data from well logs.However,these techniques can be costly,depth-inaccurate,and may lack spatial coverage.To address this issue,we introduce the use of three-dimensional(3D)seismic data(active sources)as a lateral constraint to approximate the 3D stress orientation field.Recognizing that both stress and fracture patterns are closely related to seismic velocity anisotropy,we derive the orientation of azimuthal anisotropy from multi-azimuth 3D seismic data to compensate for the lack of spatial stress orientation information.We apply our proposed workflow to a case study in the Weiyuan area of the Sichuan Basin,China,a region targeted for shale gas production.By integrating diverse datasets,including 3D seismic,earthquakes,and well logs,we develop a comprehensive 3D model of in-situ stress(orientations and magnitudes).Our results demonstrate that the estimated anisotropy orientations from 3D seismic data are consistent with the direction of maximum horizontal principal stress(SHmax)obtained from FMIs.We analyzed 12 earthquakes(magnitude>3)recorded between 2016 and 2020 for their FMSs and compressional axis(P-axis)orientations.The derived SHmax direction from our 3D stress model is 110°ES(East-South),which shows excellent agreement with the FMSs(within 3.96°).This close alignment validates the reliability and precision of our integrated method for predicting 3D SHmax orientations.
文摘Grain-oriented silicon steels were prepared at different heating rates during high temperature annealing,in which the evolution of magnetic properties,grain orientations and precipitates were studied.To illustrate the Zener factor,the diameter and number density of precipitates of interrupted testing samples were statistically calculated.The effect of precipitate ripening on the Goss texture and magnetic property was investigated.Data indicated that the trend of Zener factor was similar under different heating rates,first increasing and then decreasing,and that the precipitate maturing was greatly inhibited as the heating rate increased.Secondary recrystallization was developed at the temperature of 1010℃when a heating rate of 5℃/h was used,resulting in Goss,Brass and{110}<227>oriented grains growing abnormally and a magnetic induction intensity of 1.90T.Furthermore,increasing the heating rate to 20℃/h would inhibit the development of undesirable oriented grains and obtain a sharp Goss texture.However,when the heating rate was extremely fast,such as 40℃/h,poor secondary recrystallization was developed with many island grains,corresponding to a decrease in magnetic induction intensity to 1.87 T.At a suitable heating rate of 20℃/h,the sharpest Goss texture and the highest magnetic induction of 1.94 T with an onset secondary recrystallization temperature of 1020℃were found among the experimental variables in this study.The heating rate affected the initial temperature of secondary recrystallization by controlling the maturation of precipitates,leading to the deviation and dispersion of Goss texture,thereby reducing the magnetic properties.
基金supports by the Grant-in-Aid of Scientific Research of Challenging Research(Exploratory)(JP23K17738)to TS from MEXT of Japanthe 41st grant of research from Nippon Sheet Glass Foundation for Materials Science and Engineering to TS.
文摘A redox-active monolayer on an optically transparent electrode constitutes a typical platform for spectroelectrochemical sensing.The necessity for its sophistication arises from the availability of multi-dimensional sensing signals.Simultaneous monitoring of the redox current and color change synchronized with the oxidation state change significantly enhances sen-sitivity and selectivity.This study aimed to elucidate the modification of an indium tin oxide(ITO)electrode with a viologen monolayer with an ordered orientation.Novel methods were developed to immobilize a viologen molecule bearing a car-boxyl group to form assembled monolayers through a condensation reaction using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-car-bodiimide with N-hydroxy-succinimide(EDC/NHS).In the two methods of immobilization,one utilizes a two-step process to firstly form an aromatic siloxane base layer and subsequently attach the viologen derivative through an amide linkage by post-amidation.The other employs a direct ester linkage between the hydroxyl groups of the ITO surface and the car-boxyl group of the viologen derivative.The latter method was also applied to immobilize a ferrocenyl group at a very short distance from the ITO surface.Potential-modulated UV-visible transmission absorption spectral measurement techniques with oblique incidence of plane-polarized light were employed to determine the orientation of the longitudinal axis of the reduced form of the viologen.The frequency dependence data of the potential-modulated transmission absorption signals were utilized to analyze the electron transfer kinetics.The performance of the two viologen-modified electrodes was com-pared to that of an ITO modified by post-amidation to the most commonly used base layer prepared with 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(No.2024JJ8335)Open Topic of Hunan Geospatial Information Engineering and Technology Research Center,China(No.HNGIET2023004).
文摘The estimation of orientation parameters and correction of lens distortion are crucial problems in the field of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)photogrammetry.In recent years,the utilization of UAVs for aerial photogrammetry has witnessed a surge in popularity.Typically,UAVs are equipped with low-cost non-metric cameras and a Position and Orientation System(POS).Unfortunately,the Interior Orientation Parameters(IOPs)of the non-metric cameras are not fixed.Whether the lens distortions are large or small,they effect the image coordinates accordingly.Additionally,Inertial Measurement Units(IMUs)often have observation errors.To address these challenges and improve parameter estimation for UAVs Light Detection and Ranging(LiDAR)and photogrammetry,this paper analyzes the accuracy of POS observations obtained from Global Navigation Satellite System Real Time Kinematic(GNSS-RTK)and IMU data.A method that incorporates additional known conditions for parameter estimation,a series of algorithms to simultaneously solve for IOPs,Exterior Orientation Parameters(EOPs),and camera lens distortion correction parameters are proposed.Extensive experiments demonstrate that the coordinates measured by GNSS-RTK can be directly used as linear EOPs;however,angular EOP measurements from IMUs exhibit relatively large errors compared to adjustment results and require correction during the adjustment process.The IOPs of non-metric cameras vary slightly between images but need to be treated as unknown parameters in high precision applications.Furthermore,it is found that the Ebner systematic error model is sensitive to the choice of the magnification parameter of the photographic baseline length in images,it should be set as less than or equal to one third of the photographic baseline to ensure stable solutions.
文摘After graduating from the China Academy of Arts(Department of Oil Painting)in Hangzhou in 1995,Yang Fudong(1971)moved to Shanghai to work as a graphic designer.Inspired by his daily job in Pudong,he started producing photographic series that closely resembled the advertising campaigns he worked on.Glossy images of stylish young people or dishevelled white collars in highly saturated colours,defined“intellectuals”in cryptic accompanying captions.Conversely,his body of work in black and white,almost entirely shot on 35mm film,portrays a suspended reality out of the historical time:a ghostly dimension akin to a drowsy vigil,a uchronia,an“estranged paradise”-to borrow the title of his earliest film set in Hangzhou.But it is Shanghai’s elusiveness and material relationship with the past that has contributed the most to form Yang’s trademark imagery and aesthetic.What he conjures up in his still and moving images,is a dimension with a distinctive oneiric quality,an“in-between”universe where all the circumstances are justified and have an inner logic,just like in dreams,or just like in the China of his childhood.The research of Yang Fudong is somewhat unique in the universe of contemporary Chinese art and sets him apart from a plethora of artists that have used the video in a much more“didactic”and quotational way.I will illustrate some specific aspects of his black and white body of work,trying to show how a certain self-orientalist trait can be interpreted as strategy to regain narrative agency and bring to the surface a series of removed instances:the main of which being,in my opinion,the fate of Shanghai’s(perhaps of China's Mainland in its ungraspable entirety?)modernity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32370484)China Scholarship Council,National Science&Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program of China(2019FY101800)the National Animal Collection Resource Center,China.
文摘We review the genus Paraglenurus van der Weele,1909 in China,and provide a new Chinese record:P.scopifer(Gerstaeker,1888)from Orchid Island(Lanyu).Additionally,we describe a new species of Paraglenurus from South Vietnam,i.e.,P.badanoi sp.nov.,which represents the first record of this genus in Indochina.Furthermore,we confirm that the paratypes of P.pumilus(Yang,1997)are actually a distinct new species in the genus Indophanes Banks,1940,i.e.,I.zhiliangi sp.nov.
基金supported by the Foundation of Guangxi Innovation Driven Development Project Grant(AA22068080)the Science and Technology Plan of Guangxi(No.ZY22096019,ZY20220101)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52474431)the Research Plan of International Collaboration Fund for Creative Research Teams(ICFCRT)of NSFC(No.W2441008)。
文摘Inhibiting dendrites formation and side-reactions is a critical challenge for practical application of aqueous Zn-ion batteries(AZIBs).Electrolyte additives offer an effective solution to address this problem.Inspired by using green corrosion inhibitor for metals,we introduce caffeine,extracted from tea-leaf,as an additive to achieve stable AZIBs.Caffeine,with its N and O containing groups,strongly adsorbs on the Zn anode and Zn^(2+)ions.This featured adsorption induces the replacement of water molecules from electric double layer(EDL)and solvation shell,suppressing side-reactions such as corrosion and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Moreover,the selective adsorption and steric hindrance of caffeine promote Zn(002)-oriented deposition,resulting in uniform and compact zinc deposits at both low and high current density and areal capacity.Due to the significantly suppressed dendrites and corrosion,the Coulomb Efficiency(CE)reaches 99.24%after 800 cycles,and the Zn||MnO_(2)battery shows a specific capacity of 167.2 mAh g^(−1)with 81%capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 2 A g^(−1).
文摘Wattwil,Switzerland,April l,2025-The art of re-orientation runs through Heberlein's l90-year companyhistory.Georg Philipp Heberlein and his descendants ranan exemplary family business with roots in yarn dyeing.Itdeveloped into a corporate group and ultimately became ahighly spectalised company that is regarded as the world'sleading provider of air interlacing and air texturing jets forsynthetic continuous filament yarns.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFB3504403).
文摘The origin of the misorientations after fcc(face-centered cubic)to hcp(hexagonal close-packed)transformation in pure cobalt was elucidated by utilizing the electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)technique and transformation crystallographic models.It is found the Shoji−Nishiyama orientation relationship during fcc→hcp transformation leads to four hcp variants,characterized by a common misorientation angle of 70.5°with respect to the<1120>direction,which is the predominant misorientation observed.Other statistically significant misorientation angles between hcp grains,including 32°,36°,38°,60°,71°and 86°−91°,are also identified.These newly observed misorientation angles are linked to the microstructure of the fcc matrix at elevated temperatures,with twin structures in the fcc matrix being the primary cause.Furthermore,a novel method is proposed for estimating the fraction of twins in the fcc grains based on misorientation angles between hcp variants,which is found to be consistent with experimental observations.In-situ EBSD observations validate the possible origin of fcc twins from the hcp→fcc transformation.
文摘This study investigated the political,economic,social,and cultural environment perceptions on international students that define their acculturation and health related quality of life.Participants were 117 international students from 32 countries attending a Chinese university(females=43%,mean age=21.17 years,SD=4.45 years).They reported on their acculturation to China and physical and psychological well-being.Results from t-tests and correlation analyses indicate political liberals had more positive attitudes toward China than the conservatives,and higher self-reported physical and psychological results.Higher scores on the“interdependence”dimension of self-construal,as well as the“extraversion”and“emotional stability”dimensions of personality traits,were associated with more positive views of China and better health outcomes.These findings are consistent with Berry’s framework for acculturation,which posits that individual-level variables are related to cultural adaptation,and that cultural adaptation is associated with improved physical and mental health.International student offices at host universities should implement comprehensive support programs,including language assistance,cultural orientation,and social integration initiatives to effectively enhance the health related quality of life of international students.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 32301295 to JW, 32101242 to LM, and 32260253 to LW)High-Level Talents Research Start-Up Project of Hebei University (No. 521100222044 to JW)
文摘Avian alarm calls mediate defenses against brood parasites and predators. These calls facilitate communication among adults and alert nestlings to potential danger. While heterospecific call recognition has been extensively studied in adult birds, nestlings—lacking direct predation experience and heterospecific alarm exposure—represent an ideal system to investigate the response to interspecific warning cues. This study explored the recognition capabilities of 5–6-day-old nestlings in Oriental Reed Warbler (Acrocephalus orientalis), a common host of the Common Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus). We exposed the nestlings to playbacks of alarm calls directed at parasites and raptors from conspecific, Vinous-throated Parrotbill (Sinosuthora webbiana, sympatric species), Isabelline Shrike (Lanius isabellinus, allopatric species) and Common Tailorbird (Orthotomus sutorius, allopatric species) adults. Results indicated that there was no significant difference in the responses of nestlings to the alarm calls of conspecific and allopatric adults directed at cuckoos and sparrowhawks. In addition, interestingly, nestlings significantly reduced their begging in response to conspecific and unfamiliar allopatric Isabelline Shrike and Common Tailorbird alarm calls but exhibited a weak response to the sympatric Vinous-throated Parrotbill. Whether older warbler nestlings with more social experience exhibit stronger responses to the alarm calls of Vinous-throated Parrotbill adults requires further investigation.
基金Supported by Undergraduate Education and Teaching Reform Research Project of Chengdu University(XJJG-20242025228)Sichuan Genuine Medicinal Materials and Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation Team(SCCXTD-2025-19)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2021YFYZ0012).
文摘The rapid advancement of the bioeconomy imposes increasingly stringent demands on bioengineering education.Drawing on data from the 2025 Chinese Undergraduate Employment Report and related sources,this study revealed that while employment placement rates for bioengineering graduates remain stable,starting salaries exhibit limited growth and career trajectories lack clarity.These challenges originate from a curriculum lagging behind technological progress,inadequate practical training,and a mismatch between student competencies and industry expectations.To address these issues,this paper proposed a strategic framework grounded in"demand-driven design,industry-education integration,and competence-centered development".Key strategies include dynamic curriculum renewal,collaborative university-industry training,holistic competency development,and personalized student support,which collectively aim at enhancing graduates employment competitiveness and long-term professional sustainability.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52374405)Joint Innovaion Fund Project of Lanzhou Jiaotong University and Corresponding Supporting University(LH2024018)State Key Laboratory Open Project(Q110824Q02001)。
文摘The orientation of precipitates was regulated by an improved twinning-aging-detwinning(TAD)process in Mg-Sn sheets.A structure with specific proportions of dual-precipitates was regulated,significantly enhancing the material’s strength.The formation mechanism of the dual-precipitates was investigated,and the evolution of precipitate orientation was confirmed.A combined SEM,EBSD and TEM method was developed to identify the coupling relationship between complex grain orientation and precipitate orientation.The orientation relationship between precipitates and the matrix could be quantitatively analyzed in the same region.Subsequently,the Orowan model was refined to quantify the strength enhancement effect following the orientation regulation of precipitates.The TAD sample containing dual-precipitates exhibited a 99.1%increase in TYS,equivalent to an increase of 108 MPa,compared to unregulated samples A.According to Orowan calculations,the theoretical strength increment from the three strengthening mechanisms was 113 MPa,closely matching the experimental increment of 108 MPa.Notably,the materials with a specific proportion of the dual-precipitates showed a substantial increase in strength.
