Data obtained via airborne position and orientation system （POS） is in WGS 84 global geocentric reference frame, while the national coordinate reference system for topographic mapping in China is generally Gauss-Kru...Data obtained via airborne position and orientation system （POS） is in WGS 84 global geocentric reference frame, while the national coordinate reference system for topographic mapping in China is generally Gauss-Kruger projection coordinate system. Therefore, data obtained via a POS must be transformed to national coordinate system. Owing to the effects of earth curvature and me- ridian deviation, there are some errors in the process of angle transformation from roll, pitch, and heading （φ,θ,ψ） obtained directly via a POS to the attitude angles of images （φ,ω,κ） needed in photogrammetry. On the basis of effect theories of earth curvature and meridian deviation on exterior orientation angular elements of images, a method using a compensation matrix to correct the transformation errors from attitude angles obtained via the POS to exterior orientation angular elements of images is proposed in this paper. Moreover, the rigorous formula of the compensation matrix is deduced. Two sets of actual data obtained via a POS AV 510, which are different in scale and terrain, are selected and used to perform experiments. The empirical results not only indicate that the compensation matrix proposed in this paper is correct and practical but also show that transformation accuracy of exterior orientation angular elements obtained via the POS based on compensation matrix is relevant to the selection of vertical axis （a projection of central meridian） of Gauss-Kruger projection coordinate system; the proper vertical axis should be the Gauss-Kruger projection of the central meridian of projection zone in which the survey area locates. However, the transformation accuracy of exterior orientation angular elements is irrelevant to the choice of origin of coordinate system; it is appropriate that the origin of coordinate system locates at the center point of the survey area. Moreover, transformation accuracy of exterior orientation angular elements achieved based on the compensa- tion matrix deduced in this paper is higher than that obtained via the existing POS processing software.展开更多
Optical tweezers technology has the characteristics of noncontact manipulation in three dimensions and steerable separation in solutions,and could be applied to obtain a separated sperm with high quality for intracyto...Optical tweezers technology has the characteristics of noncontact manipulation in three dimensions and steerable separation in solutions,and could be applied to obtain a separated sperm with high quality for intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI).However,the effects of optical tweezers on sperm motility are still unclear.To elucidate the effects on sperm motility for optical tweezers,we systematically investigated the correlation between motility parameters and the parameters of optical tweezers(wavelength,power,trapping duration,and trapping orientation).Under three systems of optical tweezers with different laser wavelengths(1064,850,and 785 nm),the nine motility parameters of free swimming were mainly affected by trapping orientation(vertical/horizontal)and trapping duration.When 850 nm laser and 1064 nm laser are used,vertical trapping significantly reduces sperm free-swimming capability with prolonged exposure time,whereas horizontal trapping exhibits relatively minor interference on sperm motility.Notably,the 785 nm laser does not induce statistically significant changes in key parameters of sperm motility under any experimental conditions(trapping orientation and duration).For the rolling frequency of trapped sperm,horizontal trapping for three wavelengths has a negligible effect compared with vertical trapping,especially for the 785 nm laser.In conclusion,horizontal trapping can preserve sperm motility under low power(below 140mW at 1064 nm,below 100mW at 850nm,below 60mW at 785 nm)and short duration(below 4 min).This trapping duration is suffcient for the separation procedure of single live sperm in ICSI.This study provides critical parameter optimization guidelines for the safe application of optical tweezers technology in reproductive medicine.展开更多
Turbine blades,due to their intricate geometry,are exposed to multiaxial stresses during operation.Consequently,it is imperative to examine the anisotropy of their stress-rupture behavior across various testing scenar...Turbine blades,due to their intricate geometry,are exposed to multiaxial stresses during operation.Consequently,it is imperative to examine the anisotropy of their stress-rupture behavior across various testing scenarios,particularly under high-temperature conditions.Stress-rupture behavior of a Ni-based single crystal superalloy was investigated under a load varying from 100 MPa to 137 MPa at 1,100℃ for both[001]-and[111]-orientated specimens.Results demonstrate that the rupture behavior of[111]-orientated specimens exhibits obviously higher sensitive to applied stress compared to[001]-orientated specimens.This difference is primarily attributed to the orientation dependentγ'coarsening behavior and distinct dislocation interactions atγ/γ'interfaces.In[001]-oriented specimens,plate-likeγ/γ'rafts rapidly form alongside well-developed interfacial dislocation networks,where theγ/γ'misfit stress dominates the microstructural evolution.In contrast,the[111]-orientated specimens exhibit retained,coarsenedγ'precipitates embedded within theγmatrix,accompanied by poorly developed interfacial dislocation networks.展开更多
The effects of initial spin orientation on the final electron beam polarization in laser wakefield acceleration in a pre-polarized plasma are investigated theoretically and numerically.From the results of variation of...The effects of initial spin orientation on the final electron beam polarization in laser wakefield acceleration in a pre-polarized plasma are investigated theoretically and numerically.From the results of variation of the initial spin direction,the spin dynamics of the electron beam are found to depend on the self-injection mechanism.The effects of wakefields and laser fields are studied using test particle dynamics and particle-in-cell simulations based on the Thomas-Bargmann-Michel-Telegdi equation.Compared with transverse injection,longitudinal injection is found to be preferable for obtaining a highly polarized electron beam.展开更多
Objectives:Non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)represents a prominent and escalating concern within mental health,associated with considerable psychological and physical dangers.Peer victimization is identified as a signifi...Objectives:Non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)represents a prominent and escalating concern within mental health,associated with considerable psychological and physical dangers.Peer victimization is identified as a significant predictor of NSSI behavior.Although prior research has explored the association between peer victimization and NSSI,the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain insufficiently understood.Utilizing social information processing theory frameworks,the present study seeks to examine the sequential mediating roles of a cognitive factor,future orientation,and a behavioral factor,social withdrawal,in middle school students.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was administered in China,involving 528 participants(261 females and 267 males;Meanage=13.71,standard deviation[SD]=0.93).Participants completed self-report measures assessing peer victimization via the Delaware Bullying Victimization Scale-Student Version,NSSI via the Adolescents Self-Harm Scale,future orientation via the Adolescent Future Orientation Questionnaire,and social withdrawal via the Social Withdrawal Questionnaire.Results:Findings indicated a significant positive correlation between peer victimization and NSSI(r=0.30,p<0.01).Additionally,future orientation and social withdrawal functioned as serial mediators,with an indirect effect of 0.01(95%CI:[0.01,0.02]),representing 2.70%of the total effect(𝛽=0.37,95%CI:[0.25,0.47]).Conclusions:The findings endorse a theoretical framework in which negative future outlook and social withdrawal are sequentially linked within the relationship between peer victimization and NSSI.Although the serial indirect effect observed is modest,it delineates a distinct associative pattern that characterizes adolescents subjected to victimization.These results carry practical significance for school-based intervention programs,indicating that targeting future perspectives and social connections may enhance strategies for preventing NSSI.展开更多
Some patients with systemic lupus erythematosus experience neuropsychiatric symptoms.Although magnetic resonance imaging can detect abnormal signals in the white matter of the brain,conventional methods often struggle...Some patients with systemic lupus erythematosus experience neuropsychiatric symptoms.Although magnetic resonance imaging can detect abnormal signals in the white matter of the brain,conventional methods often struggle to accurately capture microstructural changes.Various diffusion models have been used to study white matter in systemic lupus erythematosus;however,comparative analyses of their sensitivity and specificity for detecting microstructural changes remain insufficient.To address this,our team designed a diagnostic trial that used multimodal diffusion imaging techniques to observe white matter microstructural changes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus who had neuropsychiatric symptoms,with an aim to identify key diagnostic biomarkers for these patients.Patients with active lupus who received treatment at the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology,The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University,from September 2023 to March 2024 were recruited.According to the standards of the American College of Rheumatology,patients with systemic lupus erythematosus who had neuropsychiatric symptoms were assigned to the systemic lupus erythematosus group,whereas those without neuropsychiatric symptoms were assigned to the non-systemic lupus erythematosus group.Additionally,healthy volunteers matched by region,sex,and age were recruited as controls.All three groups underwent the same diffusion magnetic resonance imaging examination protocol to compare differences in diffusion parameters.Advanced diffusion imaging models were able to sensitively detect microstructural changes in the white matter fibers of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus who had neuropsychiatric symptoms,with specific diffusion parameters showing significant abnormalities in key brain regions.In the left superior longitudinal fasciculus subregion and the right thalamic radiations of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus who had neuropsychiatric symptoms,we also identified abnormal diffusion characteristics that were clearly correlated with disease activity,suggesting that microstructural changes in these areas may reflect the dynamic process of neuroinflammatory damage.The present study addresses critical challenges in the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus by identifying specific white matter imaging biomarkers and elucidating the association between microstructural damage and clinical manifestations.The main contributions of our study include:1)establishing axial regression probability parameters from mean apparent propagator magnetic resonance imaging as sensitive biomarkers for systemic lupus erythematosus,particularly in the third subregion of the left superior longitudinal fasciculus;2)demonstrating that multimodal diffusion imaging may be superior to conventional diffusion tensor imaging for detecting white matter microstructural abnormalities in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus;and 3)integrating tract-based spatial statistics with clinically relevant analyses to link imaging findings to pathological mechanisms.展开更多
Linear dichroism (LD) spectroscopy is an important technique in the study of the orientation and organization of pigments in the photosynthetic membrane complexes in vivo and in vitro . In this work, the orient...Linear dichroism (LD) spectroscopy is an important technique in the study of the orientation and organization of pigments in the photosynthetic membrane complexes in vivo and in vitro . In this work, the orientation of the pigments in the isolated photosystem Ⅱ (PSⅡ) sub_core reaction center complexes was analyzed and characterized by means of low temperature absorption and LD spectroscopy. The preparations containing different amounts of CP47 isolated from spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) chloroplast were used in order to investigate the orientation of pigments in the PSⅡ sub_core CP47/D1/D2/Cyt b_559 (CP47/D1/D2) complexes. Chlorophyll a (Chl a) absorbing at 680 nm in CP47/D1/D2/Cyt b_559 complex showed an orientation of the Q y transition parallel to the membrane plane. It is proposed that there are two forms of β_carotene (β_Car) in CP47/D1/D2/Cyt b_559 complex, denoted as β_Car (Ⅰ) and β_Car (Ⅱ), with different orientations, β_Car (Ⅰ) at 470 and 505 nm is roughly parallel to the membrane plane, and β_Car (Ⅱ) at 460 and 490 nm seems to be perpendicular orientation. Upon the photoinhibitory experiment β_Car (Ⅱ) was found to be photosensitive and easily photodamaged. It also showed that the positive LD signal observed at 680 nm was quite complicated. This signal is tentatively attributed to P680 and some Chl a of antenna in CP47 protein based upon our measurements.展开更多
High entropy alloys are the focus of current research.An accurate description of their phase-transformation path,however,is a challenge when their phase constituent and transformation process are complex.In this study...High entropy alloys are the focus of current research.An accurate description of their phase-transformation path,however,is a challenge when their phase constituent and transformation process are complex.In this study,a FeCoNiSn x eutectic high entropy alloy(EHEA)system was investigated and a novel FeCoNiSn EHEA composed of BCC+HCP phases was reported.The transition from the hypoeutectic to the fully eutectic and then to the hypereutectic microstructure with the Sn addition was characterized by the electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)technology,and the phase-transformation path was clari-fied by crystallographic orientation relationships.The studies reveal that the primary phase of FeCoNiSn x(x=0.2,0.4)is FCC structure,and a further Sn addition induces an obvious phase-transformation from FCC to BCC in both the primary phase and eutectic lamellar,which satisfies the Kurdjumov-Sachs(K-S)or Nishiyama-Wasserman(N-W)variant orientation relationship.The mechanical results confirm that the phase structure and microstructure transition caused by Sn addition do significantly improve the strength and hardness of FeCoNiSn x EHEAs,but have serious adverse effects on plasticity.This study would be of significance to understanding the phase-transformation process in HEAs and preparing the HEAs with aimed mechanical properties.展开更多
An optimized workspace calculation method is proposed for parallel stabilized platform testing systems.This method refines the searched space progressively in order to approach the boundary of the workspace from both ...An optimized workspace calculation method is proposed for parallel stabilized platform testing systems.This method refines the searched space progressively in order to approach the boundary of the workspace from both the inside and the outside of it.The orientation density is defined and used as an evaluation index to calculate the orientation workspace.The algorithm of the orientation density is embedded into the computer program of the workspace calculation.Then the workspaces of the testing system are solved.In the solution,the orientation density is regarded as a discrete function of the reachable workspace.As a result,the reachable workspace and the orientation workspace are represented in the same multidimensional graphs.Finally the useful workspace of the testing system is determined based on these results.This case study indicates that the calculation efficiency is enhanced by adopting the optimized method and the practicability of workspace study is improved by proposing the orientation density.展开更多
Migratory birds are known to use a number of different orientation cues to determine and maintain the direction of their movements. They are able to use at least three different sources of compass information, includi...Migratory birds are known to use a number of different orientation cues to determine and maintain the direction of their movements. They are able to use at least three different sources of compass information, including solar, stellar and geomagnetic cues. However, little is known about how these cues are calibrated into uniform reference direction information, while the hierarchy of these cues remains controversial. In recent studies, researchers suggest that avian migrants calibrate their geomagnetic compass on sunset cues, whereas others fail to find such patterns and insist on the prevalence of the magnetic compass. We carefully reviewed the existing literature and suggest that the conflicting results reported by different authors are due to genuine variation among species and propose hypotheses to explain this variation.展开更多
An improved X-ray apparatus that combines tensile testing and X-ray diffraction has been designed and constructed to conduct timeresolved experiments during uniaxial stretching.By utilizing mortise-like clamping jaws ...An improved X-ray apparatus that combines tensile testing and X-ray diffraction has been designed and constructed to conduct timeresolved experiments during uniaxial stretching.By utilizing mortise-like clamping jaws and dogbone-shaped specimens,this setup allows for the simultaneous recording of high-quality mechanical responses and 2D diffraction patterns due to the minimization of experimental errors from sample slippage or premature fracture.Furthermore,the local extension ratio can be accurately determined based on thickness variation,and the Hermans'orientation function was demonstrated to be a reliable method with high accuracy to calculate the segmental orientation parameter〈P_(2)〉in elastomeric samples under high degree of stretching.In summary,this innovative tensile-WAXD instrument has proven to be a promising and powerful technique for investigating the“stress-deformation-segmental orientation”relationship in elastomers with high extensibilities.展开更多
The basic scheme of the orientation detection system using L-shape reticle is introduced. The dimension of the patterns on the reticle of the system in practical applications is designed and an analysis of the princip...The basic scheme of the orientation detection system using L-shape reticle is introduced. The dimension of the patterns on the reticle of the system in practical applications is designed and an analysis of the principle of abstracting the orientation information of the target and the effects and formation method of self-adapting tracking gate is presented. The research result shows that the orientation detection system using L-shape reticle has a good effect on space-filtering, the signals that the orientation detection system sends out are easy to be processed by computer, its self-adapting tracking gate has a strong anti-interference ability, and the whole system＇s searching and tracking performances are quite high.展开更多
In Zimbabwe sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) production is practiced under different tillage systems with varying vine orientations, which contribute to variable yields. Limited research on yield loss due to these di...In Zimbabwe sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) production is practiced under different tillage systems with varying vine orientations, which contribute to variable yields. Limited research on yield loss due to these different practices is available despite that the majority of farmers are growing sweet potatoes to sustain their livelihoods. A field study was carried out at Midlands State University in the 2013/14 rainy season, to determine the effect of tillage systems and vine orientation on yield of sweet potato. A 2 × 3 factorial treatment structure in a randomized complete block design (RCBD), with three replications was used. Tillage systems had two factors (ridge and mound) and three vine orientations were used (horizontal, fold and loop). Data on storage root length, storage root diameter and storage root weight was subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at 5% significance level. There was no interaction (p < 0.05) between tillage systems and vine orientations on storage root diameter, storage root length and storage root yield. The horizontal vine orientation gave statistically significant (p < 0.05) storage roots diameter of width 405 mm. Conversely the loop vine orientation had statistically the least (316 mm) storage root diameter. Horizontal vine orientation had significantly (p < 0.05) wider storage roots than the loop vine orientation. The ridge recorded longer (134.2 mm) mean storage root length, while those from mounds had shorter (115.9 mm) root length. The loop and the horizontal vine orientations recorded statistically the highest (35.5 t/ha and 34.8 t/ha respectively) sweet potato storage root yield. On the other hand, the fold vine orientation obtained significantly the lowest (28.7 t/ha) storage root yield. The research concluded that the horizontal and fold vine orientations had the widest storage root diameter and the ridge had longer storage root lengths. The loop and horizontal vine orientations are recommended in sweet potato production if high yields are to be achieved.展开更多
The number of blogs and other forms of opinionated online content has increased dramatically in recent years.Many fields,including academia and national security,place an emphasis on automated political article orient...The number of blogs and other forms of opinionated online content has increased dramatically in recent years.Many fields,including academia and national security,place an emphasis on automated political article orientation detection.Political articles(especially in the Arab world)are different from other articles due to their subjectivity,in which the author’s beliefs and political affiliation might have a significant influence on a political article.With categories representing the main political ideologies,this problem may be thought of as a subset of the text categorization(classification).In general,the performance of machine learning models for text classification is sensitive to hyperparameter settings.Furthermore,the feature vector used to represent a document must capture,to some extent,the complex semantics of natural language.To this end,this paper presents an intelligent system to detect political Arabic article orientation that adapts the categorical boosting(CatBoost)method combined with a multi-level feature concept.Extracting features at multiple levels can enhance the model’s ability to discriminate between different classes or patterns.Each level may capture different aspects of the input data,contributing to a more comprehensive representation.CatBoost,a robust and efficient gradient-boosting algorithm,is utilized to effectively learn and predict the complex relationships between these features and the political orientation labels associated with the articles.A dataset of political Arabic texts collected from diverse sources,including postings and articles,is used to assess the suggested technique.Conservative,reform,and revolutionary are the three subcategories of these opinions.The results of this study demonstrate that compared to other frequently used machine learning models for text classification,the CatBoost method using multi-level features performs better with an accuracy of 98.14%.展开更多
In consideration of the present conditions of telecom service providers in China,the objectives and possible processes of con- structing telecom resource management systems(RMS)in China are analyzed.The system boundar...In consideration of the present conditions of telecom service providers in China,the objectives and possible processes of con- structing telecom resource management systems(RMS)in China are analyzed.The system boundary with other network manage- ment systems and the interface protocols are discussed.It is sug- gested that the telecom resource management system should be constructed in a proper sequence and developed in different stages.展开更多
In an addition to the variety of topics in aims and scope of the Journal of International Relations and Diplomacy, we would be happy to offer here some more areas in line with its general orientation, which could be w...In an addition to the variety of topics in aims and scope of the Journal of International Relations and Diplomacy, we would be happy to offer here some more areas in line with its general orientation, which could be worth investigating, encouraging more paper submissions. These relate to effective organization of large distributed dynamic systems of diverse natures which may require innovative solutions reflecting the growing world dynamics in the 21 st century with emerging challenges and threats to local and global prosperity, stability, and safety.展开更多
Euler’s rotation theorem and tensor rotation technique are applied to develop a generalized mathematical model for determining photoelastic constants in arbitrary orientation of cubic crystal system. Two times rotati...Euler’s rotation theorem and tensor rotation technique are applied to develop a generalized mathematical model for determining photoelastic constants in arbitrary orientation of cubic crystal system. Two times rotations are utilized in the model relating to crystallographic coordinates with Cartesian coordinates. The symmetry of photoelastic constants is found to have strong dependence with rotation angle. Using the model, one can determine photoelastic constants in any orientation by selecting appropriate rotation angle. The outcome of this study helps to characterize spatial variation of residual strain in crystalline as well as polycrystalline materials having cubic structure using the experimental technique known as scanning infrared polariscope.展开更多
In this paper, we conduct research on the reform orientation of the college ideological and the political course system under background of the Chinese dream and new normal. The complex phenomenon of ideological and p...In this paper, we conduct research on the reform orientation of the college ideological and the political course system under background of the Chinese dream and new normal. The complex phenomenon of ideological and political education to our ideological and political education essence, grasp the law of ideological and political education to increase the difficulty. As an ideological and the political educators, it is necessary to continuously enhance the ability of dealing with the complex problems that is good at through the complex phenomenon of the ideological and political education, understanding and grasping the essence of the ideological and political education. We combine the primary analysis of the Chinese dream and new normal to form the optimal education paradigm for the college ideological and the political course system that is necessary.展开更多
Determining the orientation of in-situ stresses is crucial for various geoscience and engineering appli-cations.Conventional methods for estimating these stress orientations often depend on focal mechanism solutions(F...Determining the orientation of in-situ stresses is crucial for various geoscience and engineering appli-cations.Conventional methods for estimating these stress orientations often depend on focal mechanism solutions(FMSs)derived from earthquake data and formation micro-imager(FMI)data from well logs.However,these techniques can be costly,depth-inaccurate,and may lack spatial coverage.To address this issue,we introduce the use of three-dimensional(3D)seismic data(active sources)as a lateral constraint to approximate the 3D stress orientation field.Recognizing that both stress and fracture patterns are closely related to seismic velocity anisotropy,we derive the orientation of azimuthal anisotropy from multi-azimuth 3D seismic data to compensate for the lack of spatial stress orientation information.We apply our proposed workflow to a case study in the Weiyuan area of the Sichuan Basin,China,a region targeted for shale gas production.By integrating diverse datasets,including 3D seismic,earthquakes,and well logs,we develop a comprehensive 3D model of in-situ stress(orientations and magnitudes).Our results demonstrate that the estimated anisotropy orientations from 3D seismic data are consistent with the direction of maximum horizontal principal stress(SHmax)obtained from FMIs.We analyzed 12 earthquakes(magnitude>3)recorded between 2016 and 2020 for their FMSs and compressional axis(P-axis)orientations.The derived SHmax direction from our 3D stress model is 110°ES(East-South),which shows excellent agreement with the FMSs(within 3.96°).This close alignment validates the reliability and precision of our integrated method for predicting 3D SHmax orientations.展开更多
Fracture(fault)reactivation can lead to dynamic geological hazards including earthquakes,rock collapses,landslides,and rock bursts.True triaxial compression tests were conducted to analyze the fracture reactivation pr...Fracture(fault)reactivation can lead to dynamic geological hazards including earthquakes,rock collapses,landslides,and rock bursts.True triaxial compression tests were conducted to analyze the fracture reactivation process under two different orientations of σ_(2),i.e.σ_(2) parallel to the fracture plane(Scheme 2)and σ_(2) cutting through the fracture plane(Scheme 3),under varying σ_(3) from 10 MPa to 40 MPa.The peak or fracture reactivation strength,deformation,failure mode,and post-peak mechanical behavior of intact(Scheme 1)and pre-fractured(Schemes 2 and 3)specimens were also compared.Results show that for intact specimens,the stress remains nearly constant in the residual sliding stage with no stick-slip,and the newly formed fracture surface only propagates along the σ_(2) direction when σ_(3) ranges from 10 MPa to 30 MPa,while it extends along both σ_(2) and σ_(3) directions when σ_(3) increases to 40 MPa;for the pre-fractured specimens,the fractures are usually reactivated under all the σ_(3) levels in Scheme 2,but fracture reactivation only occurs when σ_(3) is greater than 25 MPa in Scheme 3,below which new faulting traversing the original macro fracture occurs.In all the test schemes,both ε_(2) and ε_(3) experience an accumulative process of elongation,after which an abrupt change occurs at the point of the final failure;the degree of this change is dependent on the orientation of the new faulting or the slip direction of the original fracture,and it is generally more than 10 times larger in the slip direction of the original fracture than in the non-slip direction.Besides,the differential stress(peak stress)required for reactivation and the post-peak stress drop increase with increasing σ_(3).Post-peak stress drop and residual strength in Scheme 3 are generally greater than those in Scheme 2 at the same σ_(3) value.Our study clearly shows that intermediate principal stress orientation not only affects the fracture reactivation strength but also influences the slip deformation and failure modes.These new findings facilitate the mitigation of dynamic geological hazards associated with fracture and fault slip.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40771176, No. 40721001)supported by the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications in Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongfei General Aviation Company, Liaoning Jingwei Surveying & Mapping Technology INC, Siwei Aviation Remote Sensing Co. Ltd., and others
文摘Data obtained via airborne position and orientation system （POS） is in WGS 84 global geocentric reference frame, while the national coordinate reference system for topographic mapping in China is generally Gauss-Kruger projection coordinate system. Therefore, data obtained via a POS must be transformed to national coordinate system. Owing to the effects of earth curvature and me- ridian deviation, there are some errors in the process of angle transformation from roll, pitch, and heading （φ,θ,ψ） obtained directly via a POS to the attitude angles of images （φ,ω,κ） needed in photogrammetry. On the basis of effect theories of earth curvature and meridian deviation on exterior orientation angular elements of images, a method using a compensation matrix to correct the transformation errors from attitude angles obtained via the POS to exterior orientation angular elements of images is proposed in this paper. Moreover, the rigorous formula of the compensation matrix is deduced. Two sets of actual data obtained via a POS AV 510, which are different in scale and terrain, are selected and used to perform experiments. The empirical results not only indicate that the compensation matrix proposed in this paper is correct and practical but also show that transformation accuracy of exterior orientation angular elements obtained via the POS based on compensation matrix is relevant to the selection of vertical axis （a projection of central meridian） of Gauss-Kruger projection coordinate system; the proper vertical axis should be the Gauss-Kruger projection of the central meridian of projection zone in which the survey area locates. However, the transformation accuracy of exterior orientation angular elements is irrelevant to the choice of origin of coordinate system; it is appropriate that the origin of coordinate system locates at the center point of the survey area. Moreover, transformation accuracy of exterior orientation angular elements achieved based on the compensa- tion matrix deduced in this paper is higher than that obtained via the existing POS processing software.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province in China(2508085MF166)Research Fund of Anhui Institute of Translational Medicine(2024zh-03)+2 种基金Key Scientific Research Foundation of Education Department of Anhui Province(2023AH040083)National Natural Science Foundation of China(12404353)Cultivation Project of Training Young and Middle-aged Teachers in Universities of Anhui Province(DTR2023013).
文摘Optical tweezers technology has the characteristics of noncontact manipulation in three dimensions and steerable separation in solutions,and could be applied to obtain a separated sperm with high quality for intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI).However,the effects of optical tweezers on sperm motility are still unclear.To elucidate the effects on sperm motility for optical tweezers,we systematically investigated the correlation between motility parameters and the parameters of optical tweezers(wavelength,power,trapping duration,and trapping orientation).Under three systems of optical tweezers with different laser wavelengths(1064,850,and 785 nm),the nine motility parameters of free swimming were mainly affected by trapping orientation(vertical/horizontal)and trapping duration.When 850 nm laser and 1064 nm laser are used,vertical trapping significantly reduces sperm free-swimming capability with prolonged exposure time,whereas horizontal trapping exhibits relatively minor interference on sperm motility.Notably,the 785 nm laser does not induce statistically significant changes in key parameters of sperm motility under any experimental conditions(trapping orientation and duration).For the rolling frequency of trapped sperm,horizontal trapping for three wavelengths has a negligible effect compared with vertical trapping,especially for the 785 nm laser.In conclusion,horizontal trapping can preserve sperm motility under low power(below 140mW at 1064 nm,below 100mW at 850nm,below 60mW at 785 nm)and short duration(below 4 min).This trapping duration is suffcient for the separation procedure of single live sperm in ICSI.This study provides critical parameter optimization guidelines for the safe application of optical tweezers technology in reproductive medicine.
基金financially supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(No.2019-VII-0019-0161 and No.2019-VII-0004-0144)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.92360302)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.ZR2021QE103)。
文摘Turbine blades,due to their intricate geometry,are exposed to multiaxial stresses during operation.Consequently,it is imperative to examine the anisotropy of their stress-rupture behavior across various testing scenarios,particularly under high-temperature conditions.Stress-rupture behavior of a Ni-based single crystal superalloy was investigated under a load varying from 100 MPa to 137 MPa at 1,100℃ for both[001]-and[111]-orientated specimens.Results demonstrate that the rupture behavior of[111]-orientated specimens exhibits obviously higher sensitive to applied stress compared to[001]-orientated specimens.This difference is primarily attributed to the orientation dependentγ'coarsening behavior and distinct dislocation interactions atγ/γ'interfaces.In[001]-oriented specimens,plate-likeγ/γ'rafts rapidly form alongside well-developed interfacial dislocation networks,where theγ/γ'misfit stress dominates the microstructural evolution.In contrast,the[111]-orientated specimens exhibit retained,coarsenedγ'precipitates embedded within theγmatrix,accompanied by poorly developed interfacial dislocation networks.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11804348,11775056,11975154,12225505,and 12405281)the Science Challenge(Project No.TZ2018005)+2 种基金supported by the Shanghai Pujiang Program(Grant No.23PJ1414600)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB0890203)supported by the Accelerator Technology Helmholtz Infrastructure consortium ATHENA.
文摘The effects of initial spin orientation on the final electron beam polarization in laser wakefield acceleration in a pre-polarized plasma are investigated theoretically and numerically.From the results of variation of the initial spin direction,the spin dynamics of the electron beam are found to depend on the self-injection mechanism.The effects of wakefields and laser fields are studied using test particle dynamics and particle-in-cell simulations based on the Thomas-Bargmann-Michel-Telegdi equation.Compared with transverse injection,longitudinal injection is found to be preferable for obtaining a highly polarized electron beam.
基金supported by 2024 The Basic Ability Improvement Project for Young and Middle-aged Teachers of Colleges and Universities in Guangxi(No.2024KY0165)2024 Guangxi Minzu University General Research Project(Humanities and Social Sciences Category,No.2024MDSKYB20)2022 Annual Teaching and Research Project of Shiyuan College of Nanning Normal University(No.2022JY13).
文摘Objectives:Non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)represents a prominent and escalating concern within mental health,associated with considerable psychological and physical dangers.Peer victimization is identified as a significant predictor of NSSI behavior.Although prior research has explored the association between peer victimization and NSSI,the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain insufficiently understood.Utilizing social information processing theory frameworks,the present study seeks to examine the sequential mediating roles of a cognitive factor,future orientation,and a behavioral factor,social withdrawal,in middle school students.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was administered in China,involving 528 participants(261 females and 267 males;Meanage=13.71,standard deviation[SD]=0.93).Participants completed self-report measures assessing peer victimization via the Delaware Bullying Victimization Scale-Student Version,NSSI via the Adolescents Self-Harm Scale,future orientation via the Adolescent Future Orientation Questionnaire,and social withdrawal via the Social Withdrawal Questionnaire.Results:Findings indicated a significant positive correlation between peer victimization and NSSI(r=0.30,p<0.01).Additionally,future orientation and social withdrawal functioned as serial mediators,with an indirect effect of 0.01(95%CI:[0.01,0.02]),representing 2.70%of the total effect(𝛽=0.37,95%CI:[0.25,0.47]).Conclusions:The findings endorse a theoretical framework in which negative future outlook and social withdrawal are sequentially linked within the relationship between peer victimization and NSSI.Although the serial indirect effect observed is modest,it delineates a distinct associative pattern that characterizes adolescents subjected to victimization.These results carry practical significance for school-based intervention programs,indicating that targeting future perspectives and social connections may enhance strategies for preventing NSSI.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation Joint Fund,No.U22A20309(to PY)the Natural Science Foundation of LiaoningProvince,No.2023-MS-07(to HuL)the Unveiling Key Scientific and Technological Projects of Liaoning Province,No.2021JH1/10400051(to HuL).
文摘Some patients with systemic lupus erythematosus experience neuropsychiatric symptoms.Although magnetic resonance imaging can detect abnormal signals in the white matter of the brain,conventional methods often struggle to accurately capture microstructural changes.Various diffusion models have been used to study white matter in systemic lupus erythematosus;however,comparative analyses of their sensitivity and specificity for detecting microstructural changes remain insufficient.To address this,our team designed a diagnostic trial that used multimodal diffusion imaging techniques to observe white matter microstructural changes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus who had neuropsychiatric symptoms,with an aim to identify key diagnostic biomarkers for these patients.Patients with active lupus who received treatment at the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology,The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University,from September 2023 to March 2024 were recruited.According to the standards of the American College of Rheumatology,patients with systemic lupus erythematosus who had neuropsychiatric symptoms were assigned to the systemic lupus erythematosus group,whereas those without neuropsychiatric symptoms were assigned to the non-systemic lupus erythematosus group.Additionally,healthy volunteers matched by region,sex,and age were recruited as controls.All three groups underwent the same diffusion magnetic resonance imaging examination protocol to compare differences in diffusion parameters.Advanced diffusion imaging models were able to sensitively detect microstructural changes in the white matter fibers of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus who had neuropsychiatric symptoms,with specific diffusion parameters showing significant abnormalities in key brain regions.In the left superior longitudinal fasciculus subregion and the right thalamic radiations of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus who had neuropsychiatric symptoms,we also identified abnormal diffusion characteristics that were clearly correlated with disease activity,suggesting that microstructural changes in these areas may reflect the dynamic process of neuroinflammatory damage.The present study addresses critical challenges in the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus by identifying specific white matter imaging biomarkers and elucidating the association between microstructural damage and clinical manifestations.The main contributions of our study include:1)establishing axial regression probability parameters from mean apparent propagator magnetic resonance imaging as sensitive biomarkers for systemic lupus erythematosus,particularly in the third subregion of the left superior longitudinal fasciculus;2)demonstrating that multimodal diffusion imaging may be superior to conventional diffusion tensor imaging for detecting white matter microstructural abnormalities in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus;and 3)integrating tract-based spatial statistics with clinically relevant analyses to link imaging findings to pathological mechanisms.
基金Commissaire Energie de Atomique de Francethe 9th Five-Year Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(39890390)+1 种基金the State Key Basic Research Development Plan of China(973)(G1998010100)Innovation of Laboratory of Photosynthests Basic Research,Institute of Botany,The Chinese Acadeny of Sciences
文摘Linear dichroism (LD) spectroscopy is an important technique in the study of the orientation and organization of pigments in the photosynthetic membrane complexes in vivo and in vitro . In this work, the orientation of the pigments in the isolated photosystem Ⅱ (PSⅡ) sub_core reaction center complexes was analyzed and characterized by means of low temperature absorption and LD spectroscopy. The preparations containing different amounts of CP47 isolated from spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) chloroplast were used in order to investigate the orientation of pigments in the PSⅡ sub_core CP47/D1/D2/Cyt b_559 (CP47/D1/D2) complexes. Chlorophyll a (Chl a) absorbing at 680 nm in CP47/D1/D2/Cyt b_559 complex showed an orientation of the Q y transition parallel to the membrane plane. It is proposed that there are two forms of β_carotene (β_Car) in CP47/D1/D2/Cyt b_559 complex, denoted as β_Car (Ⅰ) and β_Car (Ⅱ), with different orientations, β_Car (Ⅰ) at 470 and 505 nm is roughly parallel to the membrane plane, and β_Car (Ⅱ) at 460 and 490 nm seems to be perpendicular orientation. Upon the photoinhibitory experiment β_Car (Ⅱ) was found to be photosensitive and easily photodamaged. It also showed that the positive LD signal observed at 680 nm was quite complicated. This signal is tentatively attributed to P680 and some Chl a of antenna in CP47 protein based upon our measurements.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51975474)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.3102019JC001)the Innovation Foundation for Doctor Dissertation of Northwestern Polytechnical University(No.CX201907).
文摘High entropy alloys are the focus of current research.An accurate description of their phase-transformation path,however,is a challenge when their phase constituent and transformation process are complex.In this study,a FeCoNiSn x eutectic high entropy alloy(EHEA)system was investigated and a novel FeCoNiSn EHEA composed of BCC+HCP phases was reported.The transition from the hypoeutectic to the fully eutectic and then to the hypereutectic microstructure with the Sn addition was characterized by the electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)technology,and the phase-transformation path was clari-fied by crystallographic orientation relationships.The studies reveal that the primary phase of FeCoNiSn x(x=0.2,0.4)is FCC structure,and a further Sn addition induces an obvious phase-transformation from FCC to BCC in both the primary phase and eutectic lamellar,which satisfies the Kurdjumov-Sachs(K-S)or Nishiyama-Wasserman(N-W)variant orientation relationship.The mechanical results confirm that the phase structure and microstructure transition caused by Sn addition do significantly improve the strength and hardness of FeCoNiSn x EHEAs,but have serious adverse effects on plasticity.This study would be of significance to understanding the phase-transformation process in HEAs and preparing the HEAs with aimed mechanical properties.
基金Supported by the Ministerial Level Advanced Research Foundation (870102056)
文摘An optimized workspace calculation method is proposed for parallel stabilized platform testing systems.This method refines the searched space progressively in order to approach the boundary of the workspace from both the inside and the outside of it.The orientation density is defined and used as an evaluation index to calculate the orientation workspace.The algorithm of the orientation density is embedded into the computer program of the workspace calculation.Then the workspaces of the testing system are solved.In the solution,the orientation density is regarded as a discrete function of the reachable workspace.As a result,the reachable workspace and the orientation workspace are represented in the same multidimensional graphs.Finally the useful workspace of the testing system is determined based on these results.This case study indicates that the calculation efficiency is enhanced by adopting the optimized method and the practicability of workspace study is improved by proposing the orientation density.
基金supported by grant 12-04-00296-a from the Russian Foundation for Basic ResearchX.L. was supported by grant 60905060 from the National Natural Science Foundation of China+3 种基金grant BS2010DX025 from the Scientific Research Foundation for Excellent Middle-Aged and Youth Scientists of Shandong Province of Chinagrant 2011B11114 from the Fundamental Research Funds for Central UniversitiesThe writing of this review was inspired by the Bilateral Sino-Russian symposium ‘Animal Magnetic Navigation’ supported by grant 11-04-91216-NSFC-z from the Russian Foundation for Basic Researchgrant 61010164 from the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Migratory birds are known to use a number of different orientation cues to determine and maintain the direction of their movements. They are able to use at least three different sources of compass information, including solar, stellar and geomagnetic cues. However, little is known about how these cues are calibrated into uniform reference direction information, while the hierarchy of these cues remains controversial. In recent studies, researchers suggest that avian migrants calibrate their geomagnetic compass on sunset cues, whereas others fail to find such patterns and insist on the prevalence of the magnetic compass. We carefully reviewed the existing literature and suggest that the conflicting results reported by different authors are due to genuine variation among species and propose hypotheses to explain this variation.
基金financial support of China CSC Scholarship(No.201604910522).
文摘An improved X-ray apparatus that combines tensile testing and X-ray diffraction has been designed and constructed to conduct timeresolved experiments during uniaxial stretching.By utilizing mortise-like clamping jaws and dogbone-shaped specimens,this setup allows for the simultaneous recording of high-quality mechanical responses and 2D diffraction patterns due to the minimization of experimental errors from sample slippage or premature fracture.Furthermore,the local extension ratio can be accurately determined based on thickness variation,and the Hermans'orientation function was demonstrated to be a reliable method with high accuracy to calculate the segmental orientation parameter〈P_(2)〉in elastomeric samples under high degree of stretching.In summary,this innovative tensile-WAXD instrument has proven to be a promising and powerful technique for investigating the“stress-deformation-segmental orientation”relationship in elastomers with high extensibilities.
文摘The basic scheme of the orientation detection system using L-shape reticle is introduced. The dimension of the patterns on the reticle of the system in practical applications is designed and an analysis of the principle of abstracting the orientation information of the target and the effects and formation method of self-adapting tracking gate is presented. The research result shows that the orientation detection system using L-shape reticle has a good effect on space-filtering, the signals that the orientation detection system sends out are easy to be processed by computer, its self-adapting tracking gate has a strong anti-interference ability, and the whole system＇s searching and tracking performances are quite high.
文摘In Zimbabwe sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) production is practiced under different tillage systems with varying vine orientations, which contribute to variable yields. Limited research on yield loss due to these different practices is available despite that the majority of farmers are growing sweet potatoes to sustain their livelihoods. A field study was carried out at Midlands State University in the 2013/14 rainy season, to determine the effect of tillage systems and vine orientation on yield of sweet potato. A 2 × 3 factorial treatment structure in a randomized complete block design (RCBD), with three replications was used. Tillage systems had two factors (ridge and mound) and three vine orientations were used (horizontal, fold and loop). Data on storage root length, storage root diameter and storage root weight was subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at 5% significance level. There was no interaction (p < 0.05) between tillage systems and vine orientations on storage root diameter, storage root length and storage root yield. The horizontal vine orientation gave statistically significant (p < 0.05) storage roots diameter of width 405 mm. Conversely the loop vine orientation had statistically the least (316 mm) storage root diameter. Horizontal vine orientation had significantly (p < 0.05) wider storage roots than the loop vine orientation. The ridge recorded longer (134.2 mm) mean storage root length, while those from mounds had shorter (115.9 mm) root length. The loop and the horizontal vine orientations recorded statistically the highest (35.5 t/ha and 34.8 t/ha respectively) sweet potato storage root yield. On the other hand, the fold vine orientation obtained significantly the lowest (28.7 t/ha) storage root yield. The research concluded that the horizontal and fold vine orientations had the widest storage root diameter and the ridge had longer storage root lengths. The loop and horizontal vine orientations are recommended in sweet potato production if high yields are to be achieved.
文摘The number of blogs and other forms of opinionated online content has increased dramatically in recent years.Many fields,including academia and national security,place an emphasis on automated political article orientation detection.Political articles(especially in the Arab world)are different from other articles due to their subjectivity,in which the author’s beliefs and political affiliation might have a significant influence on a political article.With categories representing the main political ideologies,this problem may be thought of as a subset of the text categorization(classification).In general,the performance of machine learning models for text classification is sensitive to hyperparameter settings.Furthermore,the feature vector used to represent a document must capture,to some extent,the complex semantics of natural language.To this end,this paper presents an intelligent system to detect political Arabic article orientation that adapts the categorical boosting(CatBoost)method combined with a multi-level feature concept.Extracting features at multiple levels can enhance the model’s ability to discriminate between different classes or patterns.Each level may capture different aspects of the input data,contributing to a more comprehensive representation.CatBoost,a robust and efficient gradient-boosting algorithm,is utilized to effectively learn and predict the complex relationships between these features and the political orientation labels associated with the articles.A dataset of political Arabic texts collected from diverse sources,including postings and articles,is used to assess the suggested technique.Conservative,reform,and revolutionary are the three subcategories of these opinions.The results of this study demonstrate that compared to other frequently used machine learning models for text classification,the CatBoost method using multi-level features performs better with an accuracy of 98.14%.
文摘In consideration of the present conditions of telecom service providers in China,the objectives and possible processes of con- structing telecom resource management systems(RMS)in China are analyzed.The system boundary with other network manage- ment systems and the interface protocols are discussed.It is sug- gested that the telecom resource management system should be constructed in a proper sequence and developed in different stages.
文摘In an addition to the variety of topics in aims and scope of the Journal of International Relations and Diplomacy, we would be happy to offer here some more areas in line with its general orientation, which could be worth investigating, encouraging more paper submissions. These relate to effective organization of large distributed dynamic systems of diverse natures which may require innovative solutions reflecting the growing world dynamics in the 21 st century with emerging challenges and threats to local and global prosperity, stability, and safety.
文摘Euler’s rotation theorem and tensor rotation technique are applied to develop a generalized mathematical model for determining photoelastic constants in arbitrary orientation of cubic crystal system. Two times rotations are utilized in the model relating to crystallographic coordinates with Cartesian coordinates. The symmetry of photoelastic constants is found to have strong dependence with rotation angle. Using the model, one can determine photoelastic constants in any orientation by selecting appropriate rotation angle. The outcome of this study helps to characterize spatial variation of residual strain in crystalline as well as polycrystalline materials having cubic structure using the experimental technique known as scanning infrared polariscope.
文摘In this paper, we conduct research on the reform orientation of the college ideological and the political course system under background of the Chinese dream and new normal. The complex phenomenon of ideological and political education to our ideological and political education essence, grasp the law of ideological and political education to increase the difficulty. As an ideological and the political educators, it is necessary to continuously enhance the ability of dealing with the complex problems that is good at through the complex phenomenon of the ideological and political education, understanding and grasping the essence of the ideological and political education. We combine the primary analysis of the Chinese dream and new normal to form the optimal education paradigm for the college ideological and the political course system that is necessary.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2020YFA0710604)NSFC(Grant No.42374064).
文摘Determining the orientation of in-situ stresses is crucial for various geoscience and engineering appli-cations.Conventional methods for estimating these stress orientations often depend on focal mechanism solutions(FMSs)derived from earthquake data and formation micro-imager(FMI)data from well logs.However,these techniques can be costly,depth-inaccurate,and may lack spatial coverage.To address this issue,we introduce the use of three-dimensional(3D)seismic data(active sources)as a lateral constraint to approximate the 3D stress orientation field.Recognizing that both stress and fracture patterns are closely related to seismic velocity anisotropy,we derive the orientation of azimuthal anisotropy from multi-azimuth 3D seismic data to compensate for the lack of spatial stress orientation information.We apply our proposed workflow to a case study in the Weiyuan area of the Sichuan Basin,China,a region targeted for shale gas production.By integrating diverse datasets,including 3D seismic,earthquakes,and well logs,we develop a comprehensive 3D model of in-situ stress(orientations and magnitudes).Our results demonstrate that the estimated anisotropy orientations from 3D seismic data are consistent with the direction of maximum horizontal principal stress(SHmax)obtained from FMIs.We analyzed 12 earthquakes(magnitude>3)recorded between 2016 and 2020 for their FMSs and compressional axis(P-axis)orientations.The derived SHmax direction from our 3D stress model is 110°ES(East-South),which shows excellent agreement with the FMSs(within 3.96°).This close alignment validates the reliability and precision of our integrated method for predicting 3D SHmax orientations.
基金funding support from the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42272334)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFE0137200)the Taishan Scholars Program(Grant No.2019RKB01083).
文摘Fracture(fault)reactivation can lead to dynamic geological hazards including earthquakes,rock collapses,landslides,and rock bursts.True triaxial compression tests were conducted to analyze the fracture reactivation process under two different orientations of σ_(2),i.e.σ_(2) parallel to the fracture plane(Scheme 2)and σ_(2) cutting through the fracture plane(Scheme 3),under varying σ_(3) from 10 MPa to 40 MPa.The peak or fracture reactivation strength,deformation,failure mode,and post-peak mechanical behavior of intact(Scheme 1)and pre-fractured(Schemes 2 and 3)specimens were also compared.Results show that for intact specimens,the stress remains nearly constant in the residual sliding stage with no stick-slip,and the newly formed fracture surface only propagates along the σ_(2) direction when σ_(3) ranges from 10 MPa to 30 MPa,while it extends along both σ_(2) and σ_(3) directions when σ_(3) increases to 40 MPa;for the pre-fractured specimens,the fractures are usually reactivated under all the σ_(3) levels in Scheme 2,but fracture reactivation only occurs when σ_(3) is greater than 25 MPa in Scheme 3,below which new faulting traversing the original macro fracture occurs.In all the test schemes,both ε_(2) and ε_(3) experience an accumulative process of elongation,after which an abrupt change occurs at the point of the final failure;the degree of this change is dependent on the orientation of the new faulting or the slip direction of the original fracture,and it is generally more than 10 times larger in the slip direction of the original fracture than in the non-slip direction.Besides,the differential stress(peak stress)required for reactivation and the post-peak stress drop increase with increasing σ_(3).Post-peak stress drop and residual strength in Scheme 3 are generally greater than those in Scheme 2 at the same σ_(3) value.Our study clearly shows that intermediate principal stress orientation not only affects the fracture reactivation strength but also influences the slip deformation and failure modes.These new findings facilitate the mitigation of dynamic geological hazards associated with fracture and fault slip.
