Twelve previously unidentified triterpenoids(1–12)were isolated from the dichloromethane extract of Alisma orientale(A.orientale).Among these compounds,1 and 2 exhibited a rare 6/6/7/5 tetracyclic ring system,and com...Twelve previously unidentified triterpenoids(1–12)were isolated from the dichloromethane extract of Alisma orientale(A.orientale).Among these compounds,1 and 2 exhibited a rare 6/6/7/5 tetracyclic ring system,and compound 3 was lanostane,isolated from A.orientale for the first time.The structures,including relative and absolute configurations,were determined through spectroscopic methods,electronic circular dichroism(ECD),Mo2(OAc)4-induced ECD,and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.The anti-pulmonary fibrosis(PF)activity of isolated compounds was evaluated in vitro.The results demonstrated that compounds 1–6 and 11 ameliorated transforming growth factorβ1(TGF-β1)-induced cell damage at 10μmol·L−1(P<0.01).展开更多
A simple and selective ultra performance liquid chromatography--electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-ESI-MS/MS） assay was developed for the determination of the human plasma protein binding of four...A simple and selective ultra performance liquid chromatography--electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-ESI-MS/MS） assay was developed for the determination of the human plasma protein binding of four bioactive ftavonoids （such as orientin and vitexin） in Polygonum orientale. Protein precipitation was used for sample preparation. Equilibrium dialysis technique was applied to determine the plasma protein binding under physiological conditions. The separation was achieved through a Waters C i s column with a mobile phase composed of 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile and 0.1% aqueous formic acid using step gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.35 mL/min. A Waters ACQUITYTM TQD system was operated under the multiple reaction monitoring （MRM） mode of positive electrospray ionization. All of the recovery, precision, accuracy and stability of the method met the requirements. Good correlations （r 〉 0.99） of the four compounds were found, which suggested that these compounds can be simultaneously determined with acceptable accuracy. Results showed that the plasma protein bindings of the four bioactive flavonoids were in the range of 74-89% over the six concentrations studied. The binding parameters containing protein binding affinity, protein binding dissociation constant, and protein binding site were studied. The maximum ability to bind with protein was also determined in the assay in order to understand the drug-protein binding of each compound better.展开更多
A rapid, simple and practical high-performance liquid chromatography method coupled with diode array detector（HPLC–DAD） was developed to evaluate the quality of Alisma orientale（Sam.） Juz.through a simultaneous d...A rapid, simple and practical high-performance liquid chromatography method coupled with diode array detector（HPLC–DAD） was developed to evaluate the quality of Alisma orientale（Sam.） Juz.through a simultaneous determination of four major active triterpenes using a single standard to determine the multi-components（SSDMCs）. Alisol B 23-acetate was selected as the reference compound for calculating the relative response factors. All calibration curves showed good linearity（R240.9998） within test ranges. RSDs for intra- and inter-day of four analytes were less than 3.6% and 2.3%; the overall recovery was 92.1–110.2%（SSDMC）. The proposed method was successfully applied to quantify the four components in 20 samples from different localities in China. Moreover, significant variations were demonstrated in the content of these compounds. In addition, hierarchical clustering analysis（HCA） and principal components analysis（PCA） were performed to differentiate and classify the samples based on the contents of Alisol C 23-acetate, Alisol A, Alisol A 24-acetate and Alisol B 23-acetate. This simple,rapid, low-cost and reliable HPLC–DAD method using SSDMC is suitable for routine quantitative analysis and quality control of A. orientale（Sam.） Juz.展开更多
A sensitive and reliable ultra fast liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(UFLC-MS/MS)method has been developed and validated for simultaneous quantitation of alisol A and alisol B 23-acetate from Alisma orien...A sensitive and reliable ultra fast liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(UFLC-MS/MS)method has been developed and validated for simultaneous quantitation of alisol A and alisol B 23-acetate from Alisma orientale(Sam.)Juz.in rat plasma using diazepam as an internal standard(IS).The plasma samples were extracted by liquideliquid extraction with methyl tert-butyl ether and separated on a Venusil MP C18 column(100 mm×2.1 mm,3.0 mm)(Venusil,China)using gradient elution with the mobile phase consisting of methanol and 0.1%acetic acid in water at a flow rate of 0.4 ml/min.The two analytes were monitored with positive electrospray ionization by multiple reaction monitoring mode(MRM).The lower limit of quantitation was 5.00 ng/ml for alisol A and 5.00 ng/ml for alisol B 23-acetate.The calibration curves were linear in the range of 5.00 e2500 ng/ml for alisol A and 5e2500 ng/ml for alisol B 23-acetate.The mean extraction recoveries were above 63.8%for alisol A and 68.0%for alisol B 23-acetate from biological matrixes.Both intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy of analytes were well within acceptance criteria(15%).The validated method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of alisol A and alisol B 23-acetate in rat plasma after oral administration of alcohol extract of Alismatis Rhizoma.展开更多
The prototype for investigations of formation mechanisms and related geological effects of large impact basins on planetary bodies has been the Orientale basin on the Moon.Its widespread secondaries,light plains,and n...The prototype for investigations of formation mechanisms and related geological effects of large impact basins on planetary bodies has been the Orientale basin on the Moon.Its widespread secondaries,light plains,and near-rim melt flows have been well mapped in previous studies.Flow features are also widely associated with secondaries on planetary bodies,but their physical properties are not well constrained.The nature of flow features associated with large impact basins are critically important to understand the emplacement process of basin ejecta,which is one of the most fundamental processes in shaping the shallow crusts of planetary bodies.Here we use multisource remote sensing data to constrain the physical properties of flow features formed by the secondaries of the Orientale basin.The results suggest that such flows are dominated by centimeter-scale fine debris fines;larger boulders are not abundant.The shattering of target materials during the excavation of the Orientale basin,landing impact of ejecta that formed the secondaries,and grain comminution within the flows have substantially reduced particle sizes,forming the fine flows.The discovery of global-wide fine debris flows formed by large impact basins has profound implications to the interpretation of both previously-returned samples and remote sensing data.展开更多
We review the genus Paraglenurus van der Weele,1909 in China,and provide a new Chinese record:P.scopifer(Gerstaeker,1888)from Orchid Island(Lanyu).Additionally,we describe a new species of Paraglenurus from South Viet...We review the genus Paraglenurus van der Weele,1909 in China,and provide a new Chinese record:P.scopifer(Gerstaeker,1888)from Orchid Island(Lanyu).Additionally,we describe a new species of Paraglenurus from South Vietnam,i.e.,P.badanoi sp.nov.,which represents the first record of this genus in Indochina.Furthermore,we confirm that the paratypes of P.pumilus(Yang,1997)are actually a distinct new species in the genus Indophanes Banks,1940,i.e.,I.zhiliangi sp.nov.展开更多
Avian alarm calls mediate defenses against brood parasites and predators. These calls facilitate communication among adults and alert nestlings to potential danger. While heterospecific call recognition has been exten...Avian alarm calls mediate defenses against brood parasites and predators. These calls facilitate communication among adults and alert nestlings to potential danger. While heterospecific call recognition has been extensively studied in adult birds, nestlings—lacking direct predation experience and heterospecific alarm exposure—represent an ideal system to investigate the response to interspecific warning cues. This study explored the recognition capabilities of 5–6-day-old nestlings in Oriental Reed Warbler (Acrocephalus orientalis), a common host of the Common Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus). We exposed the nestlings to playbacks of alarm calls directed at parasites and raptors from conspecific, Vinous-throated Parrotbill (Sinosuthora webbiana, sympatric species), Isabelline Shrike (Lanius isabellinus, allopatric species) and Common Tailorbird (Orthotomus sutorius, allopatric species) adults. Results indicated that there was no significant difference in the responses of nestlings to the alarm calls of conspecific and allopatric adults directed at cuckoos and sparrowhawks. In addition, interestingly, nestlings significantly reduced their begging in response to conspecific and unfamiliar allopatric Isabelline Shrike and Common Tailorbird alarm calls but exhibited a weak response to the sympatric Vinous-throated Parrotbill. Whether older warbler nestlings with more social experience exhibit stronger responses to the alarm calls of Vinous-throated Parrotbill adults requires further investigation.展开更多
Plant species diversity is one of the most widely used indicators in ecosystem management.The relation of species diversity with the size of the sample plot has not been fully determined for Oriental beech forests(Fag...Plant species diversity is one of the most widely used indicators in ecosystem management.The relation of species diversity with the size of the sample plot has not been fully determined for Oriental beech forests(Fagus orientalis Lipsky),a widespread species in the Hyrcanian region.Assessing the impacts of plot size on species diversity is fundamental for an ecosystem-based approach to forest management.This study determined the relation of species diversity and plot size by investigating species richness and abundance of both canopy and forest floor.Two hundred and fifty-six sample plots of 625 m^(2) each were layout in a grid pattern across 16 ha.Base plots(25 m×25 m)were integrated in different scales to investigate the effect of plot size on species diversity.The total included nine plots of 0.063,0.125,0.188,0.250,0.375,0.500,0.563,0.750 and 1 ha.Ten biodiversity indices were calculated.The results show that species richness in the different plot sizes was less than the actual value.The estimated value of the Simpson species diversity index was not significantly different from actual values for both canopy and forest floor diversity.The coefficient of variation of this index for the 1-ha sample plot showed the lowest amount across different plot sizes.Inverse Hill species diversity was insignificant difference across different plot sizes with an area greater than 0.500 ha.The modified Hill evenness index for the 1-ha sample size was a correct estimation of the 16-ha for both canopy and forest floor;however,the precision estimation was higher for the canopy layer.All plots greater than 0.250-ha provided an accurate estimation of the Camargo evenness index for forest floor species,but was inaccurate across different plot sizes for the canopy layer.The results indicate that the same plot size did not have the same effect across species diversity measurements.Our results show that correct estimation of species diversity measurements is related to the selection of appropriate indicators and plot size to increase the accuracy of the estimate so that the cost and time of biodiversity management may be reduced.展开更多
The term hepatolithiasis describes the presence of biliary stones within the intrahepatic bile ducts,above the hilar confluence of the hepatic ducts.The disease is more prevalent in Asia,mainly owing to socioeconomic ...The term hepatolithiasis describes the presence of biliary stones within the intrahepatic bile ducts,above the hilar confluence of the hepatic ducts.The disease is more prevalent in Asia,mainly owing to socioeconomic and dietary factors,as well as the prevalence of biliary parasites.In the last century,owing to migration,its global incidence has increased.The main pathophysiological mechanisms involve cholangitis,bile infection and biliary strictures,creating a self-sustaining cycle that perpetuates the disease,frequently characterised by recurrent episodes of bacterial infection referred to as syndrome of“recurrent pyogenic cholangitis”.Furthermore,long-standing hepatolithiasis is a known risk factor for development of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.Various classifications have aimed at providing useful insight of clinically relevant aspects and guidance for treatment.The management of symptomatic patients and those with complications can be complex,and relies upon a multidisciplinary team of hepatologists,endoscopists,interventional radiologists and hepatobiliary surgeons,with the main goal being to offer relief from the clinical presentations and prevent the development of more serious complications.This comprehensive review provides insight on various aspects of hepatolithiasis,with a focus on epidemiology,new evidence on pathophysiology,most important clinical aspects,different classification systems and contemporary management.展开更多
This study was conducted to identify the number and density of active licensed acupuncturists(LAcs),as well as the number of accredited schools in acupuncture and Oriental medicine(AOM),as of January 1,2023,in the Uni...This study was conducted to identify the number and density of active licensed acupuncturists(LAcs),as well as the number of accredited schools in acupuncture and Oriental medicine(AOM),as of January 1,2023,in the United States(U.S.).The number of active LAcs as of January 1,2023 was 34,524,potentially33,364 after removing license duplication in multiple states,among which the largest three states were California(with 7317 LAcs[21.19%of the total]),New York(5024[14.55%])and Florida(2644[7.66%]).The total number of LAcs decreased by 8.87%from 2018,and fell short of our projected number of LAcs in 2023 by 9037,or 20.75%.The overall LAc density in the U.S.Dmeasured as the number of LAcs per 100,000 populationDwas 10.36,less than in 2018.There were 56 active,accredited AOM schools which offered a total of 147 programs(121 at the level necessary for licensing[entry-level],12 for an advanced practicing degree[advanced-level],and 14 for certifications).Broken down further,offerings included 50 master's degrees in acupuncture,40 master's degrees in Oriental medicine,31 entry-level doctorate degrees(10 in acupuncture and 21 in acupuncture plus Chinese herbal medicine),and 12advanced-level doctorate degrees in AOM.The certification programs included one in East-Asian Medical Bodywork and 13 in CHM.Among these schools in 2023,institutions in the West and East Coast states comprised 67.86%(decreased from 77.42%in 2018)of the national total.California,Florida and Illinois represented 39.29%.There were 48 jurisdictions with acupuncture practice laws in place.The data suggests that the acupuncture profession in the U.S.has been significantly impacted during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.展开更多
Extreme droughts are increasing in frequency and severity globally as a result of climate change.Developing understanding of species’responses to drought is crucial for their conservation,especially in regions experi...Extreme droughts are increasing in frequency and severity globally as a result of climate change.Developing understanding of species’responses to drought is crucial for their conservation,especially in regions experi-encing increased aridity.Although numerous studies have investigated birds’responses to drought,the emphasis has primarily been on landbirds.Drought can significantly alter the wetland environments that waterbirds inhabit,but the response of waterbirds to drought remains understudied.In this study,we surveyed the distri-bution and behavior of Oriental Storks(Ciconia boyciana)in Poyang Lake,which is the largest freshwater lake in China.Results indicate that drought-induced catchment areas at the lowest water level limited the total popu-lation size of Oriental Storks in the sub-lakes.Sub-lakes with large catchment areas at the lowest water level demonstrated a capacity to support a larger population of wintering Oriental Storks.Over time,Oriental Storks exhibited a gradual concentration in Changhu Lake,characterized by larger catchments,after resource depletion in sub-lakes with smaller catchments.Additionally,the duration of Oriental Storks’vigilance and moving be-haviors decreased significantly compared with that observed before the drought.After the drought,Oriental Storks increased their foraging efforts,as evidenced by increased presence in deeper water and reaching their heads and necks into deeper water to forage,higher search rates,but lower foraging rates.In accordance with area-restricted search theory,reductions in habitat quality resulting from drought,including extensive fish die-offs,forced Oriental Storks to increase their foraging efforts.Sustaining a specific water area in sub-lakes during droughts can preserve resource availability,which is crucial for the conservation of Oriental Storks.Imple-menting measures such as water level control and micro-modification of lake bottoms in sub-lakes might mitigate the impact of drought on the piscivorous Oriental Storks.展开更多
The Oriental Reed Warbler(Acrocephalus orientalis)is one of the most commonly used hosts for the parasitic Common Cuckoo(Cuculus canorus).However,as hosts that feed unrelated parasitic nestlings may suffer extra repro...The Oriental Reed Warbler(Acrocephalus orientalis)is one of the most commonly used hosts for the parasitic Common Cuckoo(Cuculus canorus).However,as hosts that feed unrelated parasitic nestlings may suffer extra reproductive costs,they may be less willing to care for nestlings that have prolonged nestling periods.To test this hypothesis,the duration of feeding by Oriental Reed Warblers under natural conditions for their own nestlings was compared with the duration of feeding under natural conditions for Common Cuckoo nestlings and for artificially prolonged cuckoo nestlings.The results showed that Oriental Reed Warblers did not starve,drive away,or desert any of the nestlings in the experiment,and neither parent was left alone.Our experimental study indicates that both Oriental Reed Warbler parents were willing to care for nestlings with a prolonged nestling period(up to 30 days,twice the average duration time that the Oriental Reed Warblers fed their own chicks in natural conditions).However,further experiments and observations are required in other host bird species to examine whether both parents or one of the parents may exhibit the behavior of abandoning nestlings with a prolonged nestling period.展开更多
Two species,Sora barapanica Merkl,2019 and Sora marmoreipennis Merkl,2019,are newly recorded from China.Sora mimica(Pic,1912)and Sora thibetana(Pic,1914)are redescribed with illustrations of type specimens provided fo...Two species,Sora barapanica Merkl,2019 and Sora marmoreipennis Merkl,2019,are newly recorded from China.Sora mimica(Pic,1912)and Sora thibetana(Pic,1914)are redescribed with illustrations of type specimens provided for the first time.Sora mimica var.testaceipennis(Pic,1912)is proposed as a synonym of Sora mimica.展开更多
The Boya-02 kimberlite was identified at depth by geophysical survey work (a single-probe AM survey in 1997 and a gravity survey in 2006) that De Beers DRC Exploration carried out around anomaly 193/172/0019. This ano...The Boya-02 kimberlite was identified at depth by geophysical survey work (a single-probe AM survey in 1997 and a gravity survey in 2006) that De Beers DRC Exploration carried out around anomaly 193/172/0019. This anomaly located approximately 50 km southwest of the town of Mbuji-Mayi in the Kasaï-Oriental Province in the DRC should therefore be the subject of detailed exploration with the aim of better identifying and describing this kimberlite. Thus, through exploratory work and cross-checking of geophysical and geological data, the discovery of this Massif was made by drilling on the aeromagnetic anomaly 193/172/X298. Based on drilling, sampling and laboratory petrographic analysis reports, the Boya-02 kimberlite was classified among highly diluted re-sedimented volcaniclastic kimberlites (KVR), rich in olivine and incidentally in quartz and poor in juvenile substances. This kimberlite represents a deposit of very low economic interest following extremely high dilution. The Boya-02 kimberlite was modeled using ground magnetism data. It is a complex anomaly comprising 2 components with variable amplitude appearing on a subtly magnetized linear detail. The modeled dimensions of two components of this anomaly are 0.32 Ha and 0.2 Ha at depths of 32 m & 14 m for the deposits to the West and the East respectively. Garnet data for the Boya-02 occurrence reports a maximum Pmin value of 49.7 kbar (207 garnets). These data demonstrate the high diamond potential which assumes a conductive cratonic geotherm of 40 mWm<sup>2</sup>.展开更多
The paper summarizes the research progress of occurrence and comprehensive control of oriental fruit fly in the following aspects ： biological and ecological characteristics, assessment of the risk and suitability, d...The paper summarizes the research progress of occurrence and comprehensive control of oriental fruit fly in the following aspects ： biological and ecological characteristics, assessment of the risk and suitability, dynamic monitoring and control index, and comprehensive control methods.展开更多
基金supported by the Central Government Guides the Development of Local Science and Technology(No.14104349).
文摘Twelve previously unidentified triterpenoids(1–12)were isolated from the dichloromethane extract of Alisma orientale(A.orientale).Among these compounds,1 and 2 exhibited a rare 6/6/7/5 tetracyclic ring system,and compound 3 was lanostane,isolated from A.orientale for the first time.The structures,including relative and absolute configurations,were determined through spectroscopic methods,electronic circular dichroism(ECD),Mo2(OAc)4-induced ECD,and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.The anti-pulmonary fibrosis(PF)activity of isolated compounds was evaluated in vitro.The results demonstrated that compounds 1–6 and 11 ameliorated transforming growth factorβ1(TGF-β1)-induced cell damage at 10μmol·L−1(P<0.01).
基金This work was supported by the National Science Foundation of China （No. 30860366） Guizhou Province Municipal Science and Technology Project （No. 2007-6010）.
文摘A simple and selective ultra performance liquid chromatography--electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-ESI-MS/MS） assay was developed for the determination of the human plasma protein binding of four bioactive ftavonoids （such as orientin and vitexin） in Polygonum orientale. Protein precipitation was used for sample preparation. Equilibrium dialysis technique was applied to determine the plasma protein binding under physiological conditions. The separation was achieved through a Waters C i s column with a mobile phase composed of 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile and 0.1% aqueous formic acid using step gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.35 mL/min. A Waters ACQUITYTM TQD system was operated under the multiple reaction monitoring （MRM） mode of positive electrospray ionization. All of the recovery, precision, accuracy and stability of the method met the requirements. Good correlations （r 〉 0.99） of the four compounds were found, which suggested that these compounds can be simultaneously determined with acceptable accuracy. Results showed that the plasma protein bindings of the four bioactive flavonoids were in the range of 74-89% over the six concentrations studied. The binding parameters containing protein binding affinity, protein binding dissociation constant, and protein binding site were studied. The maximum ability to bind with protein was also determined in the assay in order to understand the drug-protein binding of each compound better.
基金financially supported by Liaoning Innovative Research Team in University (LNIRT, Grant no.LT2013022)
文摘A rapid, simple and practical high-performance liquid chromatography method coupled with diode array detector（HPLC–DAD） was developed to evaluate the quality of Alisma orientale（Sam.） Juz.through a simultaneous determination of four major active triterpenes using a single standard to determine the multi-components（SSDMCs）. Alisol B 23-acetate was selected as the reference compound for calculating the relative response factors. All calibration curves showed good linearity（R240.9998） within test ranges. RSDs for intra- and inter-day of four analytes were less than 3.6% and 2.3%; the overall recovery was 92.1–110.2%（SSDMC）. The proposed method was successfully applied to quantify the four components in 20 samples from different localities in China. Moreover, significant variations were demonstrated in the content of these compounds. In addition, hierarchical clustering analysis（HCA） and principal components analysis（PCA） were performed to differentiate and classify the samples based on the contents of Alisol C 23-acetate, Alisol A, Alisol A 24-acetate and Alisol B 23-acetate. This simple,rapid, low-cost and reliable HPLC–DAD method using SSDMC is suitable for routine quantitative analysis and quality control of A. orientale（Sam.） Juz.
基金This study was financially supported by Liaoning Innovative Research Team in University(LNIRT,Grant No.LT2013022).
文摘A sensitive and reliable ultra fast liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(UFLC-MS/MS)method has been developed and validated for simultaneous quantitation of alisol A and alisol B 23-acetate from Alisma orientale(Sam.)Juz.in rat plasma using diazepam as an internal standard(IS).The plasma samples were extracted by liquideliquid extraction with methyl tert-butyl ether and separated on a Venusil MP C18 column(100 mm×2.1 mm,3.0 mm)(Venusil,China)using gradient elution with the mobile phase consisting of methanol and 0.1%acetic acid in water at a flow rate of 0.4 ml/min.The two analytes were monitored with positive electrospray ionization by multiple reaction monitoring mode(MRM).The lower limit of quantitation was 5.00 ng/ml for alisol A and 5.00 ng/ml for alisol B 23-acetate.The calibration curves were linear in the range of 5.00 e2500 ng/ml for alisol A and 5e2500 ng/ml for alisol B 23-acetate.The mean extraction recoveries were above 63.8%for alisol A and 68.0%for alisol B 23-acetate from biological matrixes.Both intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy of analytes were well within acceptance criteria(15%).The validated method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of alisol A and alisol B 23-acetate in rat plasma after oral administration of alcohol extract of Alismatis Rhizoma.
基金the B-type Strategic Priority Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Grant No.XDB41000000the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41773063,41525015 and 41830214)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Development Fund of Macao(0042/2018/A2)the Pre-research Project on Civil Aerospace Technologies(No.D020101)of CNSA.
文摘The prototype for investigations of formation mechanisms and related geological effects of large impact basins on planetary bodies has been the Orientale basin on the Moon.Its widespread secondaries,light plains,and near-rim melt flows have been well mapped in previous studies.Flow features are also widely associated with secondaries on planetary bodies,but their physical properties are not well constrained.The nature of flow features associated with large impact basins are critically important to understand the emplacement process of basin ejecta,which is one of the most fundamental processes in shaping the shallow crusts of planetary bodies.Here we use multisource remote sensing data to constrain the physical properties of flow features formed by the secondaries of the Orientale basin.The results suggest that such flows are dominated by centimeter-scale fine debris fines;larger boulders are not abundant.The shattering of target materials during the excavation of the Orientale basin,landing impact of ejecta that formed the secondaries,and grain comminution within the flows have substantially reduced particle sizes,forming the fine flows.The discovery of global-wide fine debris flows formed by large impact basins has profound implications to the interpretation of both previously-returned samples and remote sensing data.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32370484)China Scholarship Council,National Science&Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program of China(2019FY101800)the National Animal Collection Resource Center,China.
文摘We review the genus Paraglenurus van der Weele,1909 in China,and provide a new Chinese record:P.scopifer(Gerstaeker,1888)from Orchid Island(Lanyu).Additionally,we describe a new species of Paraglenurus from South Vietnam,i.e.,P.badanoi sp.nov.,which represents the first record of this genus in Indochina.Furthermore,we confirm that the paratypes of P.pumilus(Yang,1997)are actually a distinct new species in the genus Indophanes Banks,1940,i.e.,I.zhiliangi sp.nov.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 32301295 to JW, 32101242 to LM, and 32260253 to LW)High-Level Talents Research Start-Up Project of Hebei University (No. 521100222044 to JW)
文摘Avian alarm calls mediate defenses against brood parasites and predators. These calls facilitate communication among adults and alert nestlings to potential danger. While heterospecific call recognition has been extensively studied in adult birds, nestlings—lacking direct predation experience and heterospecific alarm exposure—represent an ideal system to investigate the response to interspecific warning cues. This study explored the recognition capabilities of 5–6-day-old nestlings in Oriental Reed Warbler (Acrocephalus orientalis), a common host of the Common Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus). We exposed the nestlings to playbacks of alarm calls directed at parasites and raptors from conspecific, Vinous-throated Parrotbill (Sinosuthora webbiana, sympatric species), Isabelline Shrike (Lanius isabellinus, allopatric species) and Common Tailorbird (Orthotomus sutorius, allopatric species) adults. Results indicated that there was no significant difference in the responses of nestlings to the alarm calls of conspecific and allopatric adults directed at cuckoos and sparrowhawks. In addition, interestingly, nestlings significantly reduced their begging in response to conspecific and unfamiliar allopatric Isabelline Shrike and Common Tailorbird alarm calls but exhibited a weak response to the sympatric Vinous-throated Parrotbill. Whether older warbler nestlings with more social experience exhibit stronger responses to the alarm calls of Vinous-throated Parrotbill adults requires further investigation.
基金funded by Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources(grant number 9318124503).
文摘Plant species diversity is one of the most widely used indicators in ecosystem management.The relation of species diversity with the size of the sample plot has not been fully determined for Oriental beech forests(Fagus orientalis Lipsky),a widespread species in the Hyrcanian region.Assessing the impacts of plot size on species diversity is fundamental for an ecosystem-based approach to forest management.This study determined the relation of species diversity and plot size by investigating species richness and abundance of both canopy and forest floor.Two hundred and fifty-six sample plots of 625 m^(2) each were layout in a grid pattern across 16 ha.Base plots(25 m×25 m)were integrated in different scales to investigate the effect of plot size on species diversity.The total included nine plots of 0.063,0.125,0.188,0.250,0.375,0.500,0.563,0.750 and 1 ha.Ten biodiversity indices were calculated.The results show that species richness in the different plot sizes was less than the actual value.The estimated value of the Simpson species diversity index was not significantly different from actual values for both canopy and forest floor diversity.The coefficient of variation of this index for the 1-ha sample plot showed the lowest amount across different plot sizes.Inverse Hill species diversity was insignificant difference across different plot sizes with an area greater than 0.500 ha.The modified Hill evenness index for the 1-ha sample size was a correct estimation of the 16-ha for both canopy and forest floor;however,the precision estimation was higher for the canopy layer.All plots greater than 0.250-ha provided an accurate estimation of the Camargo evenness index for forest floor species,but was inaccurate across different plot sizes for the canopy layer.The results indicate that the same plot size did not have the same effect across species diversity measurements.Our results show that correct estimation of species diversity measurements is related to the selection of appropriate indicators and plot size to increase the accuracy of the estimate so that the cost and time of biodiversity management may be reduced.
文摘The term hepatolithiasis describes the presence of biliary stones within the intrahepatic bile ducts,above the hilar confluence of the hepatic ducts.The disease is more prevalent in Asia,mainly owing to socioeconomic and dietary factors,as well as the prevalence of biliary parasites.In the last century,owing to migration,its global incidence has increased.The main pathophysiological mechanisms involve cholangitis,bile infection and biliary strictures,creating a self-sustaining cycle that perpetuates the disease,frequently characterised by recurrent episodes of bacterial infection referred to as syndrome of“recurrent pyogenic cholangitis”.Furthermore,long-standing hepatolithiasis is a known risk factor for development of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.Various classifications have aimed at providing useful insight of clinically relevant aspects and guidance for treatment.The management of symptomatic patients and those with complications can be complex,and relies upon a multidisciplinary team of hepatologists,endoscopists,interventional radiologists and hepatobiliary surgeons,with the main goal being to offer relief from the clinical presentations and prevent the development of more serious complications.This comprehensive review provides insight on various aspects of hepatolithiasis,with a focus on epidemiology,new evidence on pathophysiology,most important clinical aspects,different classification systems and contemporary management.
文摘This study was conducted to identify the number and density of active licensed acupuncturists(LAcs),as well as the number of accredited schools in acupuncture and Oriental medicine(AOM),as of January 1,2023,in the United States(U.S.).The number of active LAcs as of January 1,2023 was 34,524,potentially33,364 after removing license duplication in multiple states,among which the largest three states were California(with 7317 LAcs[21.19%of the total]),New York(5024[14.55%])and Florida(2644[7.66%]).The total number of LAcs decreased by 8.87%from 2018,and fell short of our projected number of LAcs in 2023 by 9037,or 20.75%.The overall LAc density in the U.S.Dmeasured as the number of LAcs per 100,000 populationDwas 10.36,less than in 2018.There were 56 active,accredited AOM schools which offered a total of 147 programs(121 at the level necessary for licensing[entry-level],12 for an advanced practicing degree[advanced-level],and 14 for certifications).Broken down further,offerings included 50 master's degrees in acupuncture,40 master's degrees in Oriental medicine,31 entry-level doctorate degrees(10 in acupuncture and 21 in acupuncture plus Chinese herbal medicine),and 12advanced-level doctorate degrees in AOM.The certification programs included one in East-Asian Medical Bodywork and 13 in CHM.Among these schools in 2023,institutions in the West and East Coast states comprised 67.86%(decreased from 77.42%in 2018)of the national total.California,Florida and Illinois represented 39.29%.There were 48 jurisdictions with acupuncture practice laws in place.The data suggests that the acupuncture profession in the U.S.has been significantly impacted during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32360142).
文摘Extreme droughts are increasing in frequency and severity globally as a result of climate change.Developing understanding of species’responses to drought is crucial for their conservation,especially in regions experi-encing increased aridity.Although numerous studies have investigated birds’responses to drought,the emphasis has primarily been on landbirds.Drought can significantly alter the wetland environments that waterbirds inhabit,but the response of waterbirds to drought remains understudied.In this study,we surveyed the distri-bution and behavior of Oriental Storks(Ciconia boyciana)in Poyang Lake,which is the largest freshwater lake in China.Results indicate that drought-induced catchment areas at the lowest water level limited the total popu-lation size of Oriental Storks in the sub-lakes.Sub-lakes with large catchment areas at the lowest water level demonstrated a capacity to support a larger population of wintering Oriental Storks.Over time,Oriental Storks exhibited a gradual concentration in Changhu Lake,characterized by larger catchments,after resource depletion in sub-lakes with smaller catchments.Additionally,the duration of Oriental Storks’vigilance and moving be-haviors decreased significantly compared with that observed before the drought.After the drought,Oriental Storks increased their foraging efforts,as evidenced by increased presence in deeper water and reaching their heads and necks into deeper water to forage,higher search rates,but lower foraging rates.In accordance with area-restricted search theory,reductions in habitat quality resulting from drought,including extensive fish die-offs,forced Oriental Storks to increase their foraging efforts.Sustaining a specific water area in sub-lakes during droughts can preserve resource availability,which is crucial for the conservation of Oriental Storks.Imple-menting measures such as water level control and micro-modification of lake bottoms in sub-lakes might mitigate the impact of drought on the piscivorous Oriental Storks.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32270526 to WL,32260253 to LW and 32101242 to LM)。
文摘The Oriental Reed Warbler(Acrocephalus orientalis)is one of the most commonly used hosts for the parasitic Common Cuckoo(Cuculus canorus).However,as hosts that feed unrelated parasitic nestlings may suffer extra reproductive costs,they may be less willing to care for nestlings that have prolonged nestling periods.To test this hypothesis,the duration of feeding by Oriental Reed Warblers under natural conditions for their own nestlings was compared with the duration of feeding under natural conditions for Common Cuckoo nestlings and for artificially prolonged cuckoo nestlings.The results showed that Oriental Reed Warblers did not starve,drive away,or desert any of the nestlings in the experiment,and neither parent was left alone.Our experimental study indicates that both Oriental Reed Warbler parents were willing to care for nestlings with a prolonged nestling period(up to 30 days,twice the average duration time that the Oriental Reed Warblers fed their own chicks in natural conditions).However,further experiments and observations are required in other host bird species to examine whether both parents or one of the parents may exhibit the behavior of abandoning nestlings with a prolonged nestling period.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(KJQN202300537)the Doctor of Science Program funded by Chongqing Normal University(21XLB043).
文摘Two species,Sora barapanica Merkl,2019 and Sora marmoreipennis Merkl,2019,are newly recorded from China.Sora mimica(Pic,1912)and Sora thibetana(Pic,1914)are redescribed with illustrations of type specimens provided for the first time.Sora mimica var.testaceipennis(Pic,1912)is proposed as a synonym of Sora mimica.
文摘The Boya-02 kimberlite was identified at depth by geophysical survey work (a single-probe AM survey in 1997 and a gravity survey in 2006) that De Beers DRC Exploration carried out around anomaly 193/172/0019. This anomaly located approximately 50 km southwest of the town of Mbuji-Mayi in the Kasaï-Oriental Province in the DRC should therefore be the subject of detailed exploration with the aim of better identifying and describing this kimberlite. Thus, through exploratory work and cross-checking of geophysical and geological data, the discovery of this Massif was made by drilling on the aeromagnetic anomaly 193/172/X298. Based on drilling, sampling and laboratory petrographic analysis reports, the Boya-02 kimberlite was classified among highly diluted re-sedimented volcaniclastic kimberlites (KVR), rich in olivine and incidentally in quartz and poor in juvenile substances. This kimberlite represents a deposit of very low economic interest following extremely high dilution. The Boya-02 kimberlite was modeled using ground magnetism data. It is a complex anomaly comprising 2 components with variable amplitude appearing on a subtly magnetized linear detail. The modeled dimensions of two components of this anomaly are 0.32 Ha and 0.2 Ha at depths of 32 m & 14 m for the deposits to the West and the East respectively. Garnet data for the Boya-02 occurrence reports a maximum Pmin value of 49.7 kbar (207 garnets). These data demonstrate the high diamond potential which assumes a conductive cratonic geotherm of 40 mWm<sup>2</sup>.
文摘The paper summarizes the research progress of occurrence and comprehensive control of oriental fruit fly in the following aspects ： biological and ecological characteristics, assessment of the risk and suitability, dynamic monitoring and control index, and comprehensive control methods.
