An orderly competition mechanism is used to change unexpected competition into predictable competition so as to reduce access collision during access process.The scheme is realized by learning,queuing,and accessing.Qu...An orderly competition mechanism is used to change unexpected competition into predictable competition so as to reduce access collision during access process.The scheme is realized by learning,queuing,and accessing.Queuing is the key step to reduce random and realize orderly competition.Related parameters leading to access random including the arrival rate,the delay requirements,the number of devices,and so on,are defined as queue factors in this paper.The queue factors are obtained from the improved double deep Q network(DDQN)algorithm which is proposed here by setting asynchronous weights of two target networks.By learning,the queue factors will guide the devices with diverse delay requirements to queue.Then the queued devices start the access process according to their learning optimal access slot and preamble.Different from traditional competition solutions,markov decision process of the orderly competition mechanism has only two states,which remarkably cuts down the back-off rate and reduces the access delay.The simulation results show that the access success rate of this method can be close to 100%before the system capacity approaches the maximum value.展开更多
Based on the petroleum exploration in the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation,northern Songliao Basin,NE China,integrated with seismic,drilling and logging data,this study investigates the characteristics and genetic mec...Based on the petroleum exploration in the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation,northern Songliao Basin,NE China,integrated with seismic,drilling and logging data,this study investigates the characteristics and genetic mechanisms of orderly distribution and the differential enrichment patterns of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons in the formation.Key findings involve five aspects.First,the conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons coexist orderly.Laterally,conventional oil,tight oil,and shale oil form a pattern of orderly accumulation from basin margins to the center.Vertically,shale oil,tight oil,and conventional oil develop progressively upward.Second,the coupled tectonic-sedimentary processes govern sedimentary facies differentiation and diagenesis,influencing reservoir physical properties and lithology,thereby controlling the orderly distribution of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons in space.Third,the coupling of source rock hydrocarbon generation evolution,fault sealing capacity,and reservoir densification determines the orderly coexistence pattern of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons.Fourth,sequential variations in reservoir physical properties generate distinct dynamic fields that regulate hydrocarbon orderly accumulation.Fifth,enrichment controls are different depending on hydrocarbon types:buoyancy-driven,fault-transport,sandbody-connected,and trap-concentrated,for above-source conventional oil;overpressure-driven,fault-transport,multi-stacked sandbodies,and quasi-continuous distribution for near-source tight oil and gas;self-sourced reservoirs,retention through self-sealing,in-situ accumulation or micro-migration driven by hydrocarbon-generation overpressure for inner-source shale oil.From exploration practices,these findings will effectively guide the integrated deployment and three-dimensional exploration of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon resources in the Qingshankou Formation,northern Songliao Basin.展开更多
Guided by the fundamental principles of the whole petroleum system,the control of tectonism,sedimentation,and diagenesis on hydrocarbon accumulation in a rifted basin is studied using the data of petroleum geology and...Guided by the fundamental principles of the whole petroleum system,the control of tectonism,sedimentation,and diagenesis on hydrocarbon accumulation in a rifted basin is studied using the data of petroleum geology and exploration of the second member of the Paleogene Kongdian Formation(Kong-2 Member)in the Cangdong Sag,Bohai Bay Basin,China.It is clarified that the circle structure and circle effects are the marked features of a continental fault petroliferous basin,and they govern the orderly distribution of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons in the whole petroleum systems of the rifted basin.Tectonic circle zones control sedimentary circle zones,while sedimentary circle zones and diagenetic circle zones control the spatial distribution of favorable reservoirs,thereby determining the orderly distribution of hydrocarbon accumulations in various circles.A model for the integrated,systematic accumulation of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons under a multi-circle structure of the whole petroleum system of continental rifted basin has been developed.It reveals that each sag of the rifted basin is an independent whole petroleum system and circle system,which encompasses multiple orderly circles of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons controlled by the same source kitchen.From the outer circle to the middle circle and then to the inner circle,there is an orderly transition from structural and stratigraphic reservoirs,to lithological and structural-lithological reservoirs,and finally to tight oil/gas and shale oil/gas enrichment zones.The significant feature of the whole petroleum system is the orderly control of hydrocarbons by multi-circle stratigraphic coupling,with the integrated,orderly distribution of conventional and unconventional reserves being the inevitable result of the multi-layered interaction within the whole petroleum system.This concept of multi-circle stratigraphic coupling for the orderly,integrated accumulation of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons has guided significant breakthroughs in the overall,three-dimensional exploration and shale oil exploration in the Cangdong Sag.展开更多
Through the study of organic matter enrichment,hydrocarbon generation and accumulation process of black shale of the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation in the Songliao Basin,the enrichment mechanism of Gulong shale oil ...Through the study of organic matter enrichment,hydrocarbon generation and accumulation process of black shale of the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation in the Songliao Basin,the enrichment mechanism of Gulong shale oil and the distribution of conventional–unconventional oil are revealed.The Songliao Basin is a huge interior lake basin formed in the Early Cretaceous under the control of the subduction and retreat of the western Pacific plate and the massive horizontal displacement of the Tanlu Fault Zone in Northeast China.During the deposition of the Qingshankou Formation,strong terrestrial hydrological cycle led to the lake level rise of the ancient Songliao Basin and the input of a large amount of nutrients,resulting in planktonic bacteria and algae flourish.Intermittent seawater intrusion events promoted the formation of salinization stratification and anoxic environment in the lake,which were beneficial to the enrichment of organic matters.Biomarkers analysis confirms that the biogenic organic matter of planktonic bacteria and algae modified by microorganisms plays an important role in the formation of high-quality source rocks with high oil generation capability.There are four favorable conditions for the enrichment of light shale oil in the Qingshankou Formation of the Gulong Sag,Songliao Basin:the moderate organic matter abundance and high oil potential provide sufficient material basis for oil enrichment;high degree of thermal evolution makes shale oil have high GOR and good mobility;low hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency leads to a high content of retained hydrocarbons in the source rock;and the confinement effect of intra-layer cement in the high maturity stage induces the efficient accumulation of light shale oil.The restoration of hydrocarbon accumulation process suggests that liquid hydrocarbons generated in the early(low–medium maturity)stage of the Qingshankou Formation source rocks accumulated in placanticline and slope after long-distance secondary migration,forming high-quality conventional and tight oil reservoirs.Light oil generated in the late(medium–high maturity)stage accumulated in situ,forming about 15 billion tons of Gulong shale oil resources,which finally enabled the orderly distribution of conventional–unconventional oils that are contiguous horizontally and superposed vertically within the basin,showing a complete pattern of“whole petroleum system”with conventional oil,tight oil and shale oil in sequence.展开更多
By using the latest geological,seismic,drilling and logging data,this article studies the basic conditions for the formation of the total petroleum system and the orderly coexisting characteristics and accumulation mo...By using the latest geological,seismic,drilling and logging data,this article studies the basic conditions for the formation of the total petroleum system and the orderly coexisting characteristics and accumulation models of conventional&unconventional reservoirs in the Lower Permian Fengcheng Formation in the Junggar Basin.Controlled by thermal evolution,hydrocarbon generation and expulsion process of the high-quality source rocks in alkaline lake as well as the characteristics of multi-type reservoirs(conglomerate,sandstone,dolomite and shale),conventional structure-lithologic reservoirs and tight oil and shale oil reservoirs controlled by source-reservoir structure have been formed.On the plane,mature conventional reservoirs,medium-high mature tight oil,and medium-high mature shale oil reservoirs coexist orderly from the slope area around Mahu sag to the sag.Based on the orderly coexisting characteristics of conventional and unconventional reservoirs in the Fengcheng Formation,it is clear that oil and gas in the Fengcheng Formation accumulate continuously over a large area in three accumulation models:integrated source-reservoir,source-reservoir in close contact,and separated source-reservoir model.The three accumulation models differ in relationship between source-reservoir structure,reservoir lithology and spatial distribution,hydrocarbon migration,oil and gas type.It is pointed out that the conventional&unconventional oil and gas should be explored and developed as a whole to achieve an overall breakthrough of the total petroleum system.This study is expected to enrich the geological theory of oil and gas enrichment in continental basins and to provide an analogy for exploration and research in other hydrocarbon-rich sags.展开更多
The orderly delay control technique for a new type of arthropod robot is studied in this pa- per. The orderly delay controller is composed of three parts. The first part is a central pattern gener- ator （CPG） with p...The orderly delay control technique for a new type of arthropod robot is studied in this pa- per. The orderly delay controller is composed of three parts. The first part is a central pattern gener- ator （CPG） with periodical output. The second part is a neural pathway （NP） that generates the time delay characteristic of various gait patterns. The last part is a locomotion nerve center （ LNC ） that decides the frequency of the CPG output and generates orderly phase delay by changing the pa- rameters of NP. And then signals that fit for different gaits can be obtained through the regulation of LNC. Experiments are implemented with a robot following mathematical simulation of the controller. The experimental results show that various gait patterns can be realized successfully with the method proposed in this paper.展开更多
Taking a hydrocarbon zone or a basin group as a unit,this paper analyzed the vertical hydrocarbon generation regularity of onshore and offshore oil and gasfields in China,based on the theory of co-control of source an...Taking a hydrocarbon zone or a basin group as a unit,this paper analyzed the vertical hydrocarbon generation regularity of onshore and offshore oil and gasfields in China,based on the theory of co-control of source and heat.The results demonstrated that the hydrocarbon generation modes of oil and gasfields in China are orderly.First,the hydrocarbon zones in southeastern China offshore area,including the East and South China Sea basins,are dominated by single hydrocarbon generation mode,which displays as either single oil generation in the near shore or single gas generation in the offshore controlled by both source and heat.Second,the eastern hydrocarbon zones,including the Bohai Bay,Songliao and Jianghan basins and the North and South Yellow Sea basins,are dominated by a two-layer hydrocarbon generation mode,which performs as“upper oil and lower gas”.Third,the central hydrocarbon zones,including the Ordos,Sichuan and Chuxiong basins,are also dominated by the“upper oil and lower gas”two-layer hydrocarbon generation mode.In the Ordos Basin,gas is mainly generated in the Triassic,and oil is predominantly generated in the Paleozoic.In the Sichuan Basin,oil was discovered in the Jurassic,and gas was mostly discovered in the Sinian and Triassic.Fourth,the western hydrocarbon zones are dominated by a“sandwich”multi-layer mode,such as the Junggar,Tarim,Qaidam basins.In summary,the theory of co-control of source and heat will be widely applied to oil and gas exploration all over China.Oil targets should be focused on the near shore areas in the southeastern China sea,the upper strata in the eastern and middle hydrocarbon zones,and the Ordovician,Permian and Paleogene strata in the western hydrocarbon zone,while gas targets should be focused on the off-shore areas in the southeastern China sea,the Cambrian,Carboniferous,Jurassic,and Quaternary strata in the western hydrocarbon zone.A pattern of exploring gasfields under or outside oilfields and oilfields under or outside gasfields is presented.Therefore,there is still a great prospect for oil and gas exploration in China.展开更多
From May 31 to June 3,Mr.Ji Bingxuan,Vice-Chairman of NPC Standing Committee and Vice-President of CAFIU visited Canada,leading a CAFIU delegation.During the visit,he attended a seminar themed"China’s Economic a...From May 31 to June 3,Mr.Ji Bingxuan,Vice-Chairman of NPC Standing Committee and Vice-President of CAFIU visited Canada,leading a CAFIU delegation.During the visit,he attended a seminar themed"China’s Economic and Social Development"jointly hosted by the Chinese Embassy in Canada and the Canadian International Council,and delivered a keynote speech.The following is the full text of the speech.展开更多
In the paper, the feature of strong earthquake orderly distribution in time, space and intensity before the Western Kunlun Mountain Pass M=8.1 earthquake is preliminarily studied. The modulation and triggering factors...In the paper, the feature of strong earthquake orderly distribution in time, space and intensity before the Western Kunlun Mountain Pass M=8.1 earthquake is preliminarily studied. The modulation and triggering factors such as the earth rotation, earth tides are analyzed. The results show that: the giant earthquakes with the magnitude more than 8 occurred about every 24 years and the earthquakes with the magnitude more than 7 about every 7 years in Chinese mainland. The Western Kunlun Mountain M=8.1 earthquake exactly occurred at the expected time; The spatial distance show approximately the same distances between each two swarms. The earth rotation, earth tide, sun tide and sun magnetic field have played a role of modulation and triggering in the intensity. At last, the condi-tions for earthquake generation and occurrence are also discussed.展开更多
At present,changes of great consequence for our world are unfolding in unprecedented ways.These changes present both strategic opportunities and serious challenges.Confronting the critical global issues facing the wor...At present,changes of great consequence for our world are unfolding in unprecedented ways.These changes present both strategic opportunities and serious challenges.Confronting the critical global issues facing the world today,such as the deficits in peace,development,security,and governance.展开更多
Hydrogels with high water content,excellent permeability,and biocompatibility are widely used in the biomedical field.In this study,an ordered structure-reinforced hydroxyapatite(HA)composite hydrogel with high water ...Hydrogels with high water content,excellent permeability,and biocompatibility are widely used in the biomedical field.In this study,an ordered structure-reinforced hydroxyapatite(HA)composite hydrogel with high water content,high strength,low friction,and fatigue resistance was developed through a molecular network design combined with temperature field-induced orientation and nano-reinforcement technology.The hydrogel has a honeycomb network with a vertically ordered orientation,showing greater network regularity,greater freedom of network cross-linking points,and enhanced flexibility and rigidity of the polymer chain.Its compressive strength is 11 MPa,compressive modulus is 5.2 MPa,friction coefficient is 0.05,and it also has excellent crack propagation and compressive fatigue resistance,exhibiting greater mechanical strength and better tribological properties.Thus,new applications of hydrogels in the biomedical field and soft biological equipment have expanded.展开更多
AI,as a strategic technology leading the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation,is profoundly reshaping people’s work and life.Chinese President Xi Jinping called for promo...AI,as a strategic technology leading the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation,is profoundly reshaping people’s work and life.Chinese President Xi Jinping called for promoting a healthy and orderly development of AI during the 20th group study session of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee held on 25 April 2025.展开更多
A graph has the unique path property UPPn if there is a unique path of length n between any ordered pair of nodes. This paper reiterates Royle and MacKay＇s technique for constructing orderly algorithms. We wish to u...A graph has the unique path property UPPn if there is a unique path of length n between any ordered pair of nodes. This paper reiterates Royle and MacKay＇s technique for constructing orderly algorithms. We wish to use this technique to enumerate all UPP2 graphs of small orders 3^2 and 4^2. We attempt to use the direct graph formalism and find that the algorithm is inefficient. We introduce a generalised problem and derive algebraic and combinatoric structures with appropriate structure. Then we are able to design an orderly algorithm to determine all UPP2 graphs of order 3^2, which runs fast enough. We hope to be able to determine the UPP2 graphs of order 4^2 in the near future.展开更多
Global warming during the last century has been a well-known fact. Despite arguments and uncertainties in explanations, most scientists agree that this century-scale warming trend is attributable to human activities. ...Global warming during the last century has been a well-known fact. Despite arguments and uncertainties in explanations, most scientists agree that this century-scale warming trend is attributable to human activities. According to the recent assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change （IPCC, 2007） based on worldwide scientific results,展开更多
To achieve low-carbon regulation of electric vehicle(EV)charging loads under the“dual carbon”goals,this paper proposes a coordinated scheduling strategy that integrates dynamic carbon factor prediction and multiobje...To achieve low-carbon regulation of electric vehicle(EV)charging loads under the“dual carbon”goals,this paper proposes a coordinated scheduling strategy that integrates dynamic carbon factor prediction and multiobjective optimization.First,a dual-convolution enhanced improved Crossformer prediction model is constructed,which employs parallel 1×1 global and 3×3 local convolutionmodules(Integrated Convolution Block,ICB)formultiscale feature extraction,combinedwith anAdaptive Spectral Block(ASB)to enhance time-series fluctuationmodeling.Based on high-precision predictions,a carbon-electricity cost joint optimization model is further designed to balance economic,environmental,and grid-friendly objectives.The model’s superiority was validated through a case study using real-world data from a renewable-heavy grid.Simulation results show that the proposed multi-objective strategy demonstrated a superior balance compared to baseline and benchmark models,achieving a 15.8%reduction in carbon emissions and a 5.2%reduction in economic costs,while still providing a substantial 22.2%reduction in the peak-valley difference.Its balanced performance significantly outperformed both a single-objective strategy and a state-of-the-art Model Predictive Control(MPC)benchmark,highlighting the advantage of a global optimization approach.This study provides theoretical and technical pathways for dynamic carbon factor-driven EV charging optimization.展开更多
Chinese modernization is unfolding at a historical moment when Western modernization,the universal narrative that shaped development thought and global governance for over seven decades,is confronting its own structur...Chinese modernization is unfolding at a historical moment when Western modernization,the universal narrative that shaped development thought and global governance for over seven decades,is confronting its own structural exhaustion.The global order produced by that narrative no longer commands coherence.展开更多
Accurate time delay estimation of target echo signals is a critical component of underwater target localization.In active sonar systems,echo signal processing is vulnerable to the effects of reverberation and noise in...Accurate time delay estimation of target echo signals is a critical component of underwater target localization.In active sonar systems,echo signal processing is vulnerable to the effects of reverberation and noise in the maritime environment.This paper proposes a novel method for estimating target time delay using multi-bright spot echoes,assuming the target’s size and depth are known.Aiming to effectively enhance the extraction of geometric features from the target echoes and mitigate the impact of reverberation and noise,the proposed approach employs the fractional order Fourier transform-frequency sliced wavelet transform to extract multi-bright spot echoes.Using the highlighting model theory and the target size information,an observation matrix is constructed to represent multi-angle incident signals and obtain the theoretical scattered echo signals from different angles.Aiming to accurately estimate the target’s time delay,waveform similarity coefficients and mean square error values between the theoretical return signals and received signals are computed across various incident angles and time delays.Simulation results show that,compared to the conventional matched filter,the proposed algorithm reduces the relative error by 65.9%-91.5%at a signal-to noise ratio of-25 dB,and by 66.7%-88.9%at a signal-to-reverberation ratio of−10 dB.This algorithm provides a new approach for the precise localization of submerged targets in shallow water environments.展开更多
On January 3,the United States launched a military operation against the sovereign nation of Venezuela.“capturing”its president,Nicolas Maduro.This event is far from a mere isolated"law enforcement operation&qu...On January 3,the United States launched a military operation against the sovereign nation of Venezuela.“capturing”its president,Nicolas Maduro.This event is far from a mere isolated"law enforcement operation";it represents a blatant challenge to the international legal system centered around the United Nations Charter and a thorough and dangerous trampling of the fundamental principles of intemmational relations.展开更多
Due to the effects of windless and sunless weather, new power systems dominated by renewable energy sources experience power supply shortages, which lead to severe electricity shortages. Because of the insufficient pr...Due to the effects of windless and sunless weather, new power systems dominated by renewable energy sources experience power supply shortages, which lead to severe electricity shortages. Because of the insufficient proportion of controllable thermal power in these systems, this problem must be addressed from the load side. This study proposes an orderly power utilization(OPU) method with load as the primary dispatching object to address the problem of severe electricity shortages. The principles and architecture of the new urban power grid(NUPG) OPU are proposed to complete the load curtailment task and minimize the effects on social production and daily life. A flexible load baseline division method is proposed that considers the effects of factors such as gross domestic product, pollutant emission, and carbon emission to increase the flexibility and applicability of the proposed method. In addition, an NUPG OPU model based on the load baseline is proposed, in which the electric quantity balance aggregator(EQBA) serves as a regular participant in the OPU and eliminates the need for other user involvement within its capacity range. The electric quantity reserve aggregator(EQRA) functions as a supplementary participant in the OPU and primarily performs the remaining tasks of the EQBA. The electric power balance aggregator primarily offsets the power fluctuations of the OPU. Case studies demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed model in ensuring the completion of the load curtailment task, enhancing the flexibility and fairness of OPUs, and improving the applicability of the proposed method.展开更多
In conventional higher-order topological insulators(HOTIs),the emergence of topological states can be explained by using the nonzero bulk polarization index.However,corner states emerge in HOTIs with incomplete bounda...In conventional higher-order topological insulators(HOTIs),the emergence of topological states can be explained by using the nonzero bulk polarization index.However,corner states emerge in HOTIs with incomplete boundary unit cells(i.e.,boundary defects)even though the bulk polarization is zero,which challenges the conventional understanding of HOTIs.Here,based on a Kekul´e-distorted honeycomb lattice with incomplete unit cells,we reveal that incomplete unit cells exhibit fractional charges through the analysis of Wannier centers by developing a compensation method and creating the concept of Wannier center domain(WCD)which is the smallest region that one Wannier center occupies.This method compensates for the missing parts of these boundary incomplete unit cells with additional WCDs to make them complete.The compensated WCDs automatically carry the corresponding charge,and this charge together with that of the incomplete unit cell constitutes the total charge of the complete unit cell after compensation.We conclude that the emergence of corner states is attributed to the filling anomaly,which is a fundamental mechanism.Our results refresh the understanding of HOTIs,especially those with structural discontinuities,and provide a novel design for topological states which have application value in producing optical functional devices.展开更多
基金supported by Key Technologies R&D Program of Jiangsu(Prospective and Key Technologies for Industry)(BE2022067,BE2022067-1 and BE2022067-2)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61771255)Provincial and Ministerial Key Laboratory Open Project under Grant No.20190904.
文摘An orderly competition mechanism is used to change unexpected competition into predictable competition so as to reduce access collision during access process.The scheme is realized by learning,queuing,and accessing.Queuing is the key step to reduce random and realize orderly competition.Related parameters leading to access random including the arrival rate,the delay requirements,the number of devices,and so on,are defined as queue factors in this paper.The queue factors are obtained from the improved double deep Q network(DDQN)algorithm which is proposed here by setting asynchronous weights of two target networks.By learning,the queue factors will guide the devices with diverse delay requirements to queue.Then the queued devices start the access process according to their learning optimal access slot and preamble.Different from traditional competition solutions,markov decision process of the orderly competition mechanism has only two states,which remarkably cuts down the back-off rate and reduces the access delay.The simulation results show that the access success rate of this method can be close to 100%before the system capacity approaches the maximum value.
基金Supported by the PetroChina Science and Technology Major Project(2023ZZ15).
文摘Based on the petroleum exploration in the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation,northern Songliao Basin,NE China,integrated with seismic,drilling and logging data,this study investigates the characteristics and genetic mechanisms of orderly distribution and the differential enrichment patterns of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons in the formation.Key findings involve five aspects.First,the conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons coexist orderly.Laterally,conventional oil,tight oil,and shale oil form a pattern of orderly accumulation from basin margins to the center.Vertically,shale oil,tight oil,and conventional oil develop progressively upward.Second,the coupled tectonic-sedimentary processes govern sedimentary facies differentiation and diagenesis,influencing reservoir physical properties and lithology,thereby controlling the orderly distribution of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons in space.Third,the coupling of source rock hydrocarbon generation evolution,fault sealing capacity,and reservoir densification determines the orderly coexistence pattern of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons.Fourth,sequential variations in reservoir physical properties generate distinct dynamic fields that regulate hydrocarbon orderly accumulation.Fifth,enrichment controls are different depending on hydrocarbon types:buoyancy-driven,fault-transport,sandbody-connected,and trap-concentrated,for above-source conventional oil;overpressure-driven,fault-transport,multi-stacked sandbodies,and quasi-continuous distribution for near-source tight oil and gas;self-sourced reservoirs,retention through self-sealing,in-situ accumulation or micro-migration driven by hydrocarbon-generation overpressure for inner-source shale oil.From exploration practices,these findings will effectively guide the integrated deployment and three-dimensional exploration of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon resources in the Qingshankou Formation,northern Songliao Basin.
基金Supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(2024ZD1400101)China National Key Research and Development Project(2022YFF0801204)Major Science and Technology Project of CNPC(2023ZZ15YJ01,2021DJ0702)。
文摘Guided by the fundamental principles of the whole petroleum system,the control of tectonism,sedimentation,and diagenesis on hydrocarbon accumulation in a rifted basin is studied using the data of petroleum geology and exploration of the second member of the Paleogene Kongdian Formation(Kong-2 Member)in the Cangdong Sag,Bohai Bay Basin,China.It is clarified that the circle structure and circle effects are the marked features of a continental fault petroliferous basin,and they govern the orderly distribution of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons in the whole petroleum systems of the rifted basin.Tectonic circle zones control sedimentary circle zones,while sedimentary circle zones and diagenetic circle zones control the spatial distribution of favorable reservoirs,thereby determining the orderly distribution of hydrocarbon accumulations in various circles.A model for the integrated,systematic accumulation of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons under a multi-circle structure of the whole petroleum system of continental rifted basin has been developed.It reveals that each sag of the rifted basin is an independent whole petroleum system and circle system,which encompasses multiple orderly circles of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons controlled by the same source kitchen.From the outer circle to the middle circle and then to the inner circle,there is an orderly transition from structural and stratigraphic reservoirs,to lithological and structural-lithological reservoirs,and finally to tight oil/gas and shale oil/gas enrichment zones.The significant feature of the whole petroleum system is the orderly control of hydrocarbons by multi-circle stratigraphic coupling,with the integrated,orderly distribution of conventional and unconventional reserves being the inevitable result of the multi-layered interaction within the whole petroleum system.This concept of multi-circle stratigraphic coupling for the orderly,integrated accumulation of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons has guided significant breakthroughs in the overall,three-dimensional exploration and shale oil exploration in the Cangdong Sag.
基金Supported by the Heilongjiang Province S&D Project(2022-JS-1740,2022-JS-1853)China National Petroleum Corporation Scientific Research and Technological Development Project(2021DJ1808).
文摘Through the study of organic matter enrichment,hydrocarbon generation and accumulation process of black shale of the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation in the Songliao Basin,the enrichment mechanism of Gulong shale oil and the distribution of conventional–unconventional oil are revealed.The Songliao Basin is a huge interior lake basin formed in the Early Cretaceous under the control of the subduction and retreat of the western Pacific plate and the massive horizontal displacement of the Tanlu Fault Zone in Northeast China.During the deposition of the Qingshankou Formation,strong terrestrial hydrological cycle led to the lake level rise of the ancient Songliao Basin and the input of a large amount of nutrients,resulting in planktonic bacteria and algae flourish.Intermittent seawater intrusion events promoted the formation of salinization stratification and anoxic environment in the lake,which were beneficial to the enrichment of organic matters.Biomarkers analysis confirms that the biogenic organic matter of planktonic bacteria and algae modified by microorganisms plays an important role in the formation of high-quality source rocks with high oil generation capability.There are four favorable conditions for the enrichment of light shale oil in the Qingshankou Formation of the Gulong Sag,Songliao Basin:the moderate organic matter abundance and high oil potential provide sufficient material basis for oil enrichment;high degree of thermal evolution makes shale oil have high GOR and good mobility;low hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency leads to a high content of retained hydrocarbons in the source rock;and the confinement effect of intra-layer cement in the high maturity stage induces the efficient accumulation of light shale oil.The restoration of hydrocarbon accumulation process suggests that liquid hydrocarbons generated in the early(low–medium maturity)stage of the Qingshankou Formation source rocks accumulated in placanticline and slope after long-distance secondary migration,forming high-quality conventional and tight oil reservoirs.Light oil generated in the late(medium–high maturity)stage accumulated in situ,forming about 15 billion tons of Gulong shale oil resources,which finally enabled the orderly distribution of conventional–unconventional oils that are contiguous horizontally and superposed vertically within the basin,showing a complete pattern of“whole petroleum system”with conventional oil,tight oil and shale oil in sequence.
基金Supported by the China National Science and Technology Major Project(2017ZX05001-004,2016ZX05046-006)Petrochina Science and Technology Major Project(2019E-2601,2019E-2602)。
文摘By using the latest geological,seismic,drilling and logging data,this article studies the basic conditions for the formation of the total petroleum system and the orderly coexisting characteristics and accumulation models of conventional&unconventional reservoirs in the Lower Permian Fengcheng Formation in the Junggar Basin.Controlled by thermal evolution,hydrocarbon generation and expulsion process of the high-quality source rocks in alkaline lake as well as the characteristics of multi-type reservoirs(conglomerate,sandstone,dolomite and shale),conventional structure-lithologic reservoirs and tight oil and shale oil reservoirs controlled by source-reservoir structure have been formed.On the plane,mature conventional reservoirs,medium-high mature tight oil,and medium-high mature shale oil reservoirs coexist orderly from the slope area around Mahu sag to the sag.Based on the orderly coexisting characteristics of conventional and unconventional reservoirs in the Fengcheng Formation,it is clear that oil and gas in the Fengcheng Formation accumulate continuously over a large area in three accumulation models:integrated source-reservoir,source-reservoir in close contact,and separated source-reservoir model.The three accumulation models differ in relationship between source-reservoir structure,reservoir lithology and spatial distribution,hydrocarbon migration,oil and gas type.It is pointed out that the conventional&unconventional oil and gas should be explored and developed as a whole to achieve an overall breakthrough of the total petroleum system.This study is expected to enrich the geological theory of oil and gas enrichment in continental basins and to provide an analogy for exploration and research in other hydrocarbon-rich sags.
基金Supported by the Ministerial Level Advanced Research Foundation(65822576)
文摘The orderly delay control technique for a new type of arthropod robot is studied in this pa- per. The orderly delay controller is composed of three parts. The first part is a central pattern gener- ator （CPG） with periodical output. The second part is a neural pathway （NP） that generates the time delay characteristic of various gait patterns. The last part is a locomotion nerve center （ LNC ） that decides the frequency of the CPG output and generates orderly phase delay by changing the pa- rameters of NP. And then signals that fit for different gaits can be obtained through the regulation of LNC. Experiments are implemented with a robot following mathematical simulation of the controller. The experimental results show that various gait patterns can be realized successfully with the method proposed in this paper.
基金National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)“Fundamental research on petroleum resources generation and distribution in deep basins in the South China Sea”(No.2009CB219400)National Science and Technology Major Project“Key technologies of deep sea petroleum exploration”(No.2008ZX05025,2011ZX05025).
文摘Taking a hydrocarbon zone or a basin group as a unit,this paper analyzed the vertical hydrocarbon generation regularity of onshore and offshore oil and gasfields in China,based on the theory of co-control of source and heat.The results demonstrated that the hydrocarbon generation modes of oil and gasfields in China are orderly.First,the hydrocarbon zones in southeastern China offshore area,including the East and South China Sea basins,are dominated by single hydrocarbon generation mode,which displays as either single oil generation in the near shore or single gas generation in the offshore controlled by both source and heat.Second,the eastern hydrocarbon zones,including the Bohai Bay,Songliao and Jianghan basins and the North and South Yellow Sea basins,are dominated by a two-layer hydrocarbon generation mode,which performs as“upper oil and lower gas”.Third,the central hydrocarbon zones,including the Ordos,Sichuan and Chuxiong basins,are also dominated by the“upper oil and lower gas”two-layer hydrocarbon generation mode.In the Ordos Basin,gas is mainly generated in the Triassic,and oil is predominantly generated in the Paleozoic.In the Sichuan Basin,oil was discovered in the Jurassic,and gas was mostly discovered in the Sinian and Triassic.Fourth,the western hydrocarbon zones are dominated by a“sandwich”multi-layer mode,such as the Junggar,Tarim,Qaidam basins.In summary,the theory of co-control of source and heat will be widely applied to oil and gas exploration all over China.Oil targets should be focused on the near shore areas in the southeastern China sea,the upper strata in the eastern and middle hydrocarbon zones,and the Ordovician,Permian and Paleogene strata in the western hydrocarbon zone,while gas targets should be focused on the off-shore areas in the southeastern China sea,the Cambrian,Carboniferous,Jurassic,and Quaternary strata in the western hydrocarbon zone.A pattern of exploring gasfields under or outside oilfields and oilfields under or outside gasfields is presented.Therefore,there is still a great prospect for oil and gas exploration in China.
文摘From May 31 to June 3,Mr.Ji Bingxuan,Vice-Chairman of NPC Standing Committee and Vice-President of CAFIU visited Canada,leading a CAFIU delegation.During the visit,he attended a seminar themed"China’s Economic and Social Development"jointly hosted by the Chinese Embassy in Canada and the Canadian International Council,and delivered a keynote speech.The following is the full text of the speech.
基金State Key Project of Science and Technology of China (2001BA601B01) and State 863 Plan of China.
文摘In the paper, the feature of strong earthquake orderly distribution in time, space and intensity before the Western Kunlun Mountain Pass M=8.1 earthquake is preliminarily studied. The modulation and triggering factors such as the earth rotation, earth tides are analyzed. The results show that: the giant earthquakes with the magnitude more than 8 occurred about every 24 years and the earthquakes with the magnitude more than 7 about every 7 years in Chinese mainland. The Western Kunlun Mountain M=8.1 earthquake exactly occurred at the expected time; The spatial distance show approximately the same distances between each two swarms. The earth rotation, earth tide, sun tide and sun magnetic field have played a role of modulation and triggering in the intensity. At last, the condi-tions for earthquake generation and occurrence are also discussed.
文摘At present,changes of great consequence for our world are unfolding in unprecedented ways.These changes present both strategic opportunities and serious challenges.Confronting the critical global issues facing the world today,such as the deficits in peace,development,security,and governance.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52405239,52335004,and 52475233)the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication,Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics(No.LSL-2402)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2024QN11044)the Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent.
文摘Hydrogels with high water content,excellent permeability,and biocompatibility are widely used in the biomedical field.In this study,an ordered structure-reinforced hydroxyapatite(HA)composite hydrogel with high water content,high strength,low friction,and fatigue resistance was developed through a molecular network design combined with temperature field-induced orientation and nano-reinforcement technology.The hydrogel has a honeycomb network with a vertically ordered orientation,showing greater network regularity,greater freedom of network cross-linking points,and enhanced flexibility and rigidity of the polymer chain.Its compressive strength is 11 MPa,compressive modulus is 5.2 MPa,friction coefficient is 0.05,and it also has excellent crack propagation and compressive fatigue resistance,exhibiting greater mechanical strength and better tribological properties.Thus,new applications of hydrogels in the biomedical field and soft biological equipment have expanded.
文摘AI,as a strategic technology leading the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation,is profoundly reshaping people’s work and life.Chinese President Xi Jinping called for promoting a healthy and orderly development of AI during the 20th group study session of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee held on 25 April 2025.
基金supported in part by Project P15691 from the Austrian Federal FWF,the national science finding body,as well as by several ongoing grants from Stadt Linz,Land Obersterreich and the Austrian Federal BKA.Kunst
文摘A graph has the unique path property UPPn if there is a unique path of length n between any ordered pair of nodes. This paper reiterates Royle and MacKay＇s technique for constructing orderly algorithms. We wish to use this technique to enumerate all UPP2 graphs of small orders 3^2 and 4^2. We attempt to use the direct graph formalism and find that the algorithm is inefficient. We introduce a generalised problem and derive algebraic and combinatoric structures with appropriate structure. Then we are able to design an orderly algorithm to determine all UPP2 graphs of order 3^2, which runs fast enough. We hope to be able to determine the UPP2 graphs of order 4^2 in the near future.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant Nos. 2009CB421401 and 2006CB400503China Meteorological Administration under Grant No. GYHY200706001
文摘Global warming during the last century has been a well-known fact. Despite arguments and uncertainties in explanations, most scientists agree that this century-scale warming trend is attributable to human activities. According to the recent assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change （IPCC, 2007） based on worldwide scientific results,
基金Supported by State Grid Corporation of China Science and Technology Project:Research on Key Technologies for Intelligent Carbon Metrology in Vehicle-to-Grid Interaction(Project Number:B3018524000Q).
文摘To achieve low-carbon regulation of electric vehicle(EV)charging loads under the“dual carbon”goals,this paper proposes a coordinated scheduling strategy that integrates dynamic carbon factor prediction and multiobjective optimization.First,a dual-convolution enhanced improved Crossformer prediction model is constructed,which employs parallel 1×1 global and 3×3 local convolutionmodules(Integrated Convolution Block,ICB)formultiscale feature extraction,combinedwith anAdaptive Spectral Block(ASB)to enhance time-series fluctuationmodeling.Based on high-precision predictions,a carbon-electricity cost joint optimization model is further designed to balance economic,environmental,and grid-friendly objectives.The model’s superiority was validated through a case study using real-world data from a renewable-heavy grid.Simulation results show that the proposed multi-objective strategy demonstrated a superior balance compared to baseline and benchmark models,achieving a 15.8%reduction in carbon emissions and a 5.2%reduction in economic costs,while still providing a substantial 22.2%reduction in the peak-valley difference.Its balanced performance significantly outperformed both a single-objective strategy and a state-of-the-art Model Predictive Control(MPC)benchmark,highlighting the advantage of a global optimization approach.This study provides theoretical and technical pathways for dynamic carbon factor-driven EV charging optimization.
文摘Chinese modernization is unfolding at a historical moment when Western modernization,the universal narrative that shaped development thought and global governance for over seven decades,is confronting its own structural exhaustion.The global order produced by that narrative no longer commands coherence.
基金Supported by the State Key Laboratory of Acoustics and Marine Information Chinese Academy of Sciences(SKL A202507).
文摘Accurate time delay estimation of target echo signals is a critical component of underwater target localization.In active sonar systems,echo signal processing is vulnerable to the effects of reverberation and noise in the maritime environment.This paper proposes a novel method for estimating target time delay using multi-bright spot echoes,assuming the target’s size and depth are known.Aiming to effectively enhance the extraction of geometric features from the target echoes and mitigate the impact of reverberation and noise,the proposed approach employs the fractional order Fourier transform-frequency sliced wavelet transform to extract multi-bright spot echoes.Using the highlighting model theory and the target size information,an observation matrix is constructed to represent multi-angle incident signals and obtain the theoretical scattered echo signals from different angles.Aiming to accurately estimate the target’s time delay,waveform similarity coefficients and mean square error values between the theoretical return signals and received signals are computed across various incident angles and time delays.Simulation results show that,compared to the conventional matched filter,the proposed algorithm reduces the relative error by 65.9%-91.5%at a signal-to noise ratio of-25 dB,and by 66.7%-88.9%at a signal-to-reverberation ratio of−10 dB.This algorithm provides a new approach for the precise localization of submerged targets in shallow water environments.
文摘On January 3,the United States launched a military operation against the sovereign nation of Venezuela.“capturing”its president,Nicolas Maduro.This event is far from a mere isolated"law enforcement operation";it represents a blatant challenge to the international legal system centered around the United Nations Charter and a thorough and dangerous trampling of the fundamental principles of intemmational relations.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51877049).
文摘Due to the effects of windless and sunless weather, new power systems dominated by renewable energy sources experience power supply shortages, which lead to severe electricity shortages. Because of the insufficient proportion of controllable thermal power in these systems, this problem must be addressed from the load side. This study proposes an orderly power utilization(OPU) method with load as the primary dispatching object to address the problem of severe electricity shortages. The principles and architecture of the new urban power grid(NUPG) OPU are proposed to complete the load curtailment task and minimize the effects on social production and daily life. A flexible load baseline division method is proposed that considers the effects of factors such as gross domestic product, pollutant emission, and carbon emission to increase the flexibility and applicability of the proposed method. In addition, an NUPG OPU model based on the load baseline is proposed, in which the electric quantity balance aggregator(EQBA) serves as a regular participant in the OPU and eliminates the need for other user involvement within its capacity range. The electric quantity reserve aggregator(EQRA) functions as a supplementary participant in the OPU and primarily performs the remaining tasks of the EQBA. The electric power balance aggregator primarily offsets the power fluctuations of the OPU. Case studies demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed model in ensuring the completion of the load curtailment task, enhancing the flexibility and fairness of OPUs, and improving the applicability of the proposed method.
基金supported by the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province (Grant Nos.2024JC-JCQN-06 and2025JC-QYCX-006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.12474337)Chinese Academy of Sciences Project (Grant Nos.E4BA270100,E4Z127010F,E4Z6270100,and E53327020D)。
文摘In conventional higher-order topological insulators(HOTIs),the emergence of topological states can be explained by using the nonzero bulk polarization index.However,corner states emerge in HOTIs with incomplete boundary unit cells(i.e.,boundary defects)even though the bulk polarization is zero,which challenges the conventional understanding of HOTIs.Here,based on a Kekul´e-distorted honeycomb lattice with incomplete unit cells,we reveal that incomplete unit cells exhibit fractional charges through the analysis of Wannier centers by developing a compensation method and creating the concept of Wannier center domain(WCD)which is the smallest region that one Wannier center occupies.This method compensates for the missing parts of these boundary incomplete unit cells with additional WCDs to make them complete.The compensated WCDs automatically carry the corresponding charge,and this charge together with that of the incomplete unit cell constitutes the total charge of the complete unit cell after compensation.We conclude that the emergence of corner states is attributed to the filling anomaly,which is a fundamental mechanism.Our results refresh the understanding of HOTIs,especially those with structural discontinuities,and provide a novel design for topological states which have application value in producing optical functional devices.
