The governmental electric utility and the private sector are joining hands to meet the target of electrifying all households by 2024.However,the aforementioned goal is challenged by households that are scattered in re...The governmental electric utility and the private sector are joining hands to meet the target of electrifying all households by 2024.However,the aforementioned goal is challenged by households that are scattered in remote areas.So far,Solar Home Systems(SHS)have mostly been applied to increase electricity access in rural areas.SHSs have continuous constraints to meet electricity demands and cannot run income-generating activities.The current research presents the feasibility study of electrifying Remera village with the smart microgrid as a case study.The renewable energy resources available in Remera are the key sources of electricity in that village.The generation capacity is estimated based on the load profile.The microgrid configurations are simulated with HOMER,and the genetic algorithm is used to analyze the optimum cost.By analyzing the impact of operation and maintenance costs,the results show that the absence of subsidies increases the levelized cost of electricity(COE)five times greater than the electricity price from the public utility.The microgrid made up of PV,diesel generator,and batteries proved to be the most viable solution and ensured continuous power supply to customers.By considering the subsidies,COE reaches 0.186$/kWh,a competitive price with electricity from public utilities in Rwanda.展开更多
By solving the magneto-transport equation for excess minority charge carriers in the base of the series vertical-junction silicon cell, the phenomenological parameters of the cell can be determined from the boundary c...By solving the magneto-transport equation for excess minority charge carriers in the base of the series vertical-junction silicon cell, the phenomenological parameters of the cell can be determined from the boundary conditions. Photocurrent density and photovoltage are determined for each value of applied magnetic field and corresponding optimum thickness, to establish the current-voltage characteristic (Jph(Sf, Sb, z, B, Hop)-Vph(Sf, Sb, z, B, Hop) of the silicon cell under polychromatic illumination. This study will make it possible to reduce the material used (by reducing the optimum thickness), which will help to lower prices. It will also enable us to reduce betting effects (lower series resistance), thereby boosting solar cell efficiency.展开更多
As multi-discipline coupling and components interference often affect the aircraft configuration decision-making and analysis during conceptual design process, this article presents an approach of multidimensional gam...As multi-discipline coupling and components interference often affect the aircraft configuration decision-making and analysis during conceptual design process, this article presents an approach of multidimensional game theory based on aircraft compo- nents to deal with this problem. The idea is that the configuration decision-making process is regarded as the game for different disciplines and technologies, and the aircraft components are players. The payoff function with highest total gain means that ac- cording to the game protocols and multidimensional theory, the optimal aircraft configuration within the strategy set will be cho- sen. The decision-making model is applied to conceptual design process of the high altitude long endurance （HALE） unmanned aerial vehicle （UAV） based on the assessment of technological risk. The obtained optimum configuration is quite consistent with the current HALE UAV development trends. Thus, taking into account the coupling and interference factors, the multidimensional gaming model based on aircraft components will be an effective analysis method in the decision-making process of aircraft optimum configuration.展开更多
文摘The governmental electric utility and the private sector are joining hands to meet the target of electrifying all households by 2024.However,the aforementioned goal is challenged by households that are scattered in remote areas.So far,Solar Home Systems(SHS)have mostly been applied to increase electricity access in rural areas.SHSs have continuous constraints to meet electricity demands and cannot run income-generating activities.The current research presents the feasibility study of electrifying Remera village with the smart microgrid as a case study.The renewable energy resources available in Remera are the key sources of electricity in that village.The generation capacity is estimated based on the load profile.The microgrid configurations are simulated with HOMER,and the genetic algorithm is used to analyze the optimum cost.By analyzing the impact of operation and maintenance costs,the results show that the absence of subsidies increases the levelized cost of electricity(COE)five times greater than the electricity price from the public utility.The microgrid made up of PV,diesel generator,and batteries proved to be the most viable solution and ensured continuous power supply to customers.By considering the subsidies,COE reaches 0.186$/kWh,a competitive price with electricity from public utilities in Rwanda.
文摘By solving the magneto-transport equation for excess minority charge carriers in the base of the series vertical-junction silicon cell, the phenomenological parameters of the cell can be determined from the boundary conditions. Photocurrent density and photovoltage are determined for each value of applied magnetic field and corresponding optimum thickness, to establish the current-voltage characteristic (Jph(Sf, Sb, z, B, Hop)-Vph(Sf, Sb, z, B, Hop) of the silicon cell under polychromatic illumination. This study will make it possible to reduce the material used (by reducing the optimum thickness), which will help to lower prices. It will also enable us to reduce betting effects (lower series resistance), thereby boosting solar cell efficiency.
文摘As multi-discipline coupling and components interference often affect the aircraft configuration decision-making and analysis during conceptual design process, this article presents an approach of multidimensional game theory based on aircraft compo- nents to deal with this problem. The idea is that the configuration decision-making process is regarded as the game for different disciplines and technologies, and the aircraft components are players. The payoff function with highest total gain means that ac- cording to the game protocols and multidimensional theory, the optimal aircraft configuration within the strategy set will be cho- sen. The decision-making model is applied to conceptual design process of the high altitude long endurance （HALE） unmanned aerial vehicle （UAV） based on the assessment of technological risk. The obtained optimum configuration is quite consistent with the current HALE UAV development trends. Thus, taking into account the coupling and interference factors, the multidimensional gaming model based on aircraft components will be an effective analysis method in the decision-making process of aircraft optimum configuration.
