In comparison to the construction of modern highway engineering,several of China’s early pavement construction concerns,such as pavement collapse,are rather clear.Limited by historical and technical factors,the subgr...In comparison to the construction of modern highway engineering,several of China’s early pavement construction concerns,such as pavement collapse,are rather clear.Limited by historical and technical factors,the subgrade and pavement design for highways lacks scientificity,thus inducing potential safety problems in the operation.In order to comprehensively improve the subgrade and pavement design as well as ensure the quality and safety of highway engineering projects,this paper takes the reconstructed and expanded highway projects as research subjects and focuses on proposing optimization measures for the subgrade and pavement design of reconstructed and expanded highways,so as to provide adequate reference.展开更多
Studying tiie urban landscape pattern plays a crucial role in scientific land use and management and in improving the urban ecological environment In this paper, AutoCAD, ArcGIS, Fragstats, and other software were u...Studying tiie urban landscape pattern plays a crucial role in scientific land use and management and in improving the urban ecological environment In this paper, AutoCAD, ArcGIS, Fragstats, and other software were used to analyse the data of the fourth phase of land use in the core atea of Yangling Demonstration Zone. The results showed that： ① in the core area, the percentage of construction land incteased from 18.22% to 61.72%, and the percentage of agricultufal land decreased from 58.36% to 11.14%. And the fafm land was fragmented, and traffic connectivily was strengthened. The afea of garden land was reduced from 251.89 hm2 to 50.38 hm^2, and the landscape metric of forest land showed an inverted V-shaped curve. ②The year 2009 in four phases witnessed the greatest landscape fragmentation, both Edge Density （ED） and Ingest Patch Index （LPI） increased, and human interference enhanced the overall landscape complexity. Measures were fotmulated in terms of deaf development goals, optimized allocation of land resoutces, effective protection of ecological ted lines, and definite ecological responsibility, so as to optimize the urban landscape pattern.展开更多
The so-called project cost is simply the construction price of the project, which is the sum of all the costs of the construction of the whole project. Project costs cover a wide range and are easily affected by the m...The so-called project cost is simply the construction price of the project, which is the sum of all the costs of the construction of the whole project. Project costs cover a wide range and are easily affected by the market environment. Therefore, if we want to avoid the problem of overbudget construction project cost, we should make a comprehensive evaluation of the factors that may cause overbudget before the construction project is carried out, and take corresponding measures to control the cost.展开更多
At present, from the perspective of market economy development, the construction industry has absolute influence in terms of criticality and scale. With the development of the new situation, the construction industry ...At present, from the perspective of market economy development, the construction industry has absolute influence in terms of criticality and scale. With the development of the new situation, the construction industry is gradually transformed, and various new management systems and management concepts are gradually introduced, which solves the main problems existing in enterprise management and operation. To some extent, strengthening enterprise economic management can help construction enterprises reduce construction costs and ensure the smooth completion of the project. However, compared with small and micro enterprises, there is a large gap between large and medium-sized enterprises in the construction industry. Therefore, the whole construction industry still lacks enough attention to the importance of construction economic management.展开更多
Under the background of modern development, the civil engineering industry is developing by leaps and bounds. In the process of construction of this project, due to its large quantities and complicated construction te...Under the background of modern development, the civil engineering industry is developing by leaps and bounds. In the process of construction of this project, due to its large quantities and complicated construction technology, the professional knowledge and skills involved are also very rich, and there are also many safety defects in the construction, which have a very serious harm to the quality and safety of the whole building, and even have a negative impact on the profit and social benefits of the whole enterprise. Therefore, through the project management work, according to the different characteristics of the construction, the related resources are summarized and optimized to realize the scientific management of the whole project.展开更多
The formation of the background of fiscal and taxation informatization makes the tax supervision and inspection environment of enterprise operation and management more efficient, and the potential tax risk factors tha...The formation of the background of fiscal and taxation informatization makes the tax supervision and inspection environment of enterprise operation and management more efficient, and the potential tax risk factors that enterprises face tend to be high. In this environment, if an enterprise wants to control the tax risk scientifically and effectively, it must combine the related contents of internal control theory to optimize the tax risk management ideas and methods.展开更多
In recent years, with the rapid development of economy and the continuous progress of society, under the strategic concept of strengthening the country by traffic, in order to better promote the improvement of rural r...In recent years, with the rapid development of economy and the continuous progress of society, under the strategic concept of strengthening the country by traffic, in order to better promote the improvement of rural road quality and make rural development more in line with the needs of modern market, China should constantly strengthen the construction of rural roads and enhance the construction level of rural road projects. This paper mainly expounds the important value of rural highway construction, analyzes the current situation of rural highway facilities management, and puts forward the optimization measures of rural highway construction for reference.展开更多
Chinese market economic system is in an important period of continuous reform, innovation and development. Quality plays a very important role in project planning and construction, especially the overall development s...Chinese market economic system is in an important period of continuous reform, innovation and development. Quality plays a very important role in project planning and construction, especially the overall development situation of highway construction is faster and faster, and the requirements for project quality are higher and higher. During the construction of the project, the requirements of the project quality are generally improved. The purpose of the project quality supervision and management itself is to realize the supervision of a series of behaviors. Only by ensuring that all aspects of the project are effectively controlled during the construction can the effective control of the construction quality of the project be fundamentally realized. From this we can see that in the whole supervision and management work, we should give full play to the function of supervision and management, so as to realize the effective supervision of a series of behaviors.展开更多
For colleges and universities, it is of great significance to strengthen the construction of college students' party branches. It can not only cultivate excellent talents in colleges and universities, but also pro...For colleges and universities, it is of great significance to strengthen the construction of college students' party branches. It can not only cultivate excellent talents in colleges and universities, but also promote the smooth development of party construction in colleges and universities and the continuous development of higher education. Therefore, in the process of education and teaching in colleges and universities, we should attach importance to the construction of party branches, effectively play the role of party organizations in the process of education and management in colleges and universities, and implement the work model of party construction in colleges and universities. This paper probes into the problems existing in the construction of college students' party branches and the optimization measures.展开更多
Landscaping project construction involves not only a number of construction links, but also the application of various plant maintenance technologies. In addition, the garden construction period is long, and the const...Landscaping project construction involves not only a number of construction links, but also the application of various plant maintenance technologies. In addition, the garden construction period is long, and the construction process is easily influenced by various external factors, which makes it more necessary for the garden construction unit to strengthen the research on management methods and maintenance techniques to ensure that the goal of high-quality construction of green gardens can be achieved.展开更多
From the final statistical results of safety accidents of mechanical pressure vessels in China, it can be seen that the vast majority of safety accidents are caused by unqualified welding quality, which requires stric...From the final statistical results of safety accidents of mechanical pressure vessels in China, it can be seen that the vast majority of safety accidents are caused by unqualified welding quality, which requires strict control from the aspects of production process, industrial raw materials, heat treatment process, mechanical processing, physical chemistry and non-destructive testing to ensure that the production of pressure vessels meets the national requirements and prevent the occurrence of dangerous accidents. Unqualified welding quality includes many root causes: staff factors, materials used, welding process, etc. Pressure vessel manufacturers need to analyze these factors and take effective protective measures to further improve the welding quality, ensure the pressure level and improve the safety performance index of pressure vessels.展开更多
Objective: this article mainly analyzes the causes of unqualified clinical blood samples and studies the corresponding optimization measures. Methods: 150 unqualified blood samples received blood test in our hospital ...Objective: this article mainly analyzes the causes of unqualified clinical blood samples and studies the corresponding optimization measures. Methods: 150 unqualified blood samples received blood test in our hospital from May 2019 to May 2020 were selected as the research object. The causes of unqualified blood samples in clinical test were analyzed according to the quality evaluation standard and the corresponding optimization measures were studied based on the analysis. Results: among the 150 blood samples, the causes and the number of cases of unqualified clinical examination are mainly as follows: 69 cases are unqualified due to the influence of hemolysis, 46 cases are unqualified due to coagulation, and 7 cases are unqualified due to incorrect use of anticoagulants. In addition, there are 28 cases of unqualified examination due to other reasons such as untimely submission, wrong label or deviation of blood collection position. Conclusion: during the whole process of clinical examination of blood samples, attention should be paid to the comprehensive quality of the operators, and the training should be strengthened. At the same time, attention should also be paid to the collection of blood samples by skilled personnel and timely inspection.展开更多
Accelerating the market-oriented reform of Chinas state-owned construction institutions is of great significance to the long-term and stable development of Chinas state-owned construction institutions and lays a good ...Accelerating the market-oriented reform of Chinas state-owned construction institutions is of great significance to the long-term and stable development of Chinas state-owned construction institutions and lays a good foundation for the long-term development of Chinas state-owned construction undertakings. Electromechanical engineering is an important part of building engineering, and its efficient implementation is an important guarantee to ensure the service function of building. Relatively speaking, due to the complicated work flow of mechanical and electrical engineering, it will be influenced by many objective factors, which objectively increases the construction difficulty of the whole project. Based on this, this paper will mainly analyze the management problems existing in the construction process of mechanical and electrical engineering, and put forward relevant optimization measures.展开更多
With the effective implementation of construction engineering management work, in order to comprehensively promote the construction level of construction engineering, optimize the quality of construction management, c...With the effective implementation of construction engineering management work, in order to comprehensively promote the construction level of construction engineering, optimize the quality of construction management, construction engineering management personnel in the existing engineering technology requirements, clear the management points and work core tasks, build new optimization measures, put forward new working ideas for the later construction engineering technology management work. However, at the present stage, due to the restriction of the management mode and work mode, most of the construction engineering technology management work in China is not implemented in place, and the various management work objectives are not clear, which not only leads to the difficult implementation of various management tasks, but also leads to the occurrence of various safety risks. For this paper on the current stage of the basis of the analysis of the importance of construction engineering technical management, clear the main problems existing in the work, the construction engineering technical management control points and optimization measures, on the one hand to promote the high quality construction of construction engineering, on the other hand for the late construction engineering quality optimization provides new ideas.展开更多
In modern urban construction, a large number of public construction projects have been started. For the construction of public buildings, water supply and drainage construction is of great significance. Paying attenti...In modern urban construction, a large number of public construction projects have been started. For the construction of public buildings, water supply and drainage construction is of great significance. Paying attention to water supply and drainage construction and rational use of water supply and drainage construction technology have an important positive impact on the completion of water supply and drainage construction of public buildings with quality and quantity. This paper focuses on the technical key of water supply and drainage construction in public building construction, hoping to bring some help to our public building construction.展开更多
“Internet+Education”represents a new trend in current educational development,providing novel opportunities for college English translation teaching.However,due to various factors,issues such as unsystematic teachin...“Internet+Education”represents a new trend in current educational development,providing novel opportunities for college English translation teaching.However,due to various factors,issues such as unsystematic teaching plans and inadequate utilization of digital resources arise in this context,seriously affecting the overall teaching quality.This article elaborates on the connotation of“Internet+Education”and its impact on English translation teaching,analyzes the problems in this process,and explores a series of optimization measures for reference.展开更多
The application of questioning as a teaching tool has always been considered as a main part of the teaching process.Based on the viewpoint of several researchers,a survey was conducted on the application of different ...The application of questioning as a teaching tool has always been considered as a main part of the teaching process.Based on the viewpoint of several researchers,a survey was conducted on the application of different questioning strategies by Chinese and foreign EFL teachers in a middle school,in order to determine their effects on students’language learning output and propose measures to optimize Chinese teachers’questioning strategies for improving students’learning efficiency.This research provides preliminary results based on the data collected from the video recordings of class sessions,a questionnaire,and an interview.According to the analysis,the questioning strategies differ between Chinese and foreign EFL teachers in many aspects,such as in information seeking,offering,modification,adjustment,feedback,and so forth.展开更多
The Songhua River Basin is a burgeoning agricultural area in the modern times in China. Particularly in recent years, increasing chemical fertilizers and pesticides have been applied with the development of agricultur...The Songhua River Basin is a burgeoning agricultural area in the modern times in China. Particularly in recent years, increasing chemical fertilizers and pesticides have been applied with the development of agricultural production. However, the situation of non- point source pollution （NSP） from agricultural production in this basin is still obscure. In order to solve the problem, the occurrence and distribution of acetochlor in sediments and riparian soils of the Songhua River Basin before rain season and after rain season were investigated. In addition, total organic carbon was analyzed. The result showed that the concentration of acetochlor ranged from 0.47 to 11.76 μg/kg in sediments and 0.03 to 709.37 μg/kg in riparian soils. During the high flow period in 2009, the mean concentration was 4.79 μg/kg in sediments and 0.75 μg]kg in riparian soils, respectively. Similarly, the mean concentration was 2.53 μg/kg in sediments and 61.36μg/kg in riparian soils, during the average flow period in 2010. There was a significant correlation between the concentration of acetochlor and total organic carbon in surface sediments. Moreover, the distribution of acetochlor in sediments of the Songhua River was significantly correlated to land use and topography of the watershed. The investigated data suggested that the concentration of acetochlor in the Songnen Plain and the Sanjiang Plain was higher than that in the other areas of the basin, and riparian buffering zones in these areas bad been destroyed by human activities. The optimal agricultural measures to alleviate the contamination of pesticides should be adopted, including controlling agricultural application of acetochlor and ecological restoration of riparian buffering strips.展开更多
In order to study the diurnal variation of soil CO2 effiux from temperate meadow steppes in Northeast China, and determine the best time for observation, a field experiment was conducted with a LI-6400 soil CO2 flux s...In order to study the diurnal variation of soil CO2 effiux from temperate meadow steppes in Northeast China, and determine the best time for observation, a field experiment was conducted with a LI-6400 soil CO2 flux system under five typical plant communi- ties （Suaeda glauca （Sg）, Chloris virgata （Cv）, Puecinellia distans （Pd）, Leymus chinensis （Lc） and Phragmites australis （Pa）） and an alkali-spot land （As） at the meadow steppe of western Songnen Plain. The results showed that the diurnal variation of soil CO2 effiux exhibited a single peak curve in the growing season. Diurnal maximum soil respiration （Rs） often appeared between 1 1：00 and 13：00, while the minimum occurred at 21：00-23：00 or before dawn. Air temperature near the soil surface （Ta） and soil temperature at 10 cm depth （Tlo） exerted dominant control on the diurnal variations of soil respiration. The time-windows 7：00-9：00 could be used as the optimal measuring time to represent the daily mean soil CO2 effiux at the Cv, Pd, Lc and Pa sites. The daily mean soil CO2 effiux was close to the soil COz effiux from 15：00 to 17：00 and the mean of 2 individual soil CO2 effiux from 15：00 to 19：00 at the As and Sg sites, respectively. During nocturnal hours, negative soil CO2 fluxes （CO2 downwards into the soil） were frequently observed at the As and Sg sites, the magnitude of the negative CO2 fluxes were 0.10-1.55 gmol/（m2.s） and 0.10-0.69 gmol/（m2.s）at the two sites. The results im- plied that alkaline soils could absorb CO2 under natural condition, which might have significant implications to the global carbon budget accounting.展开更多
Objective:To explore the clinical effect of perioperative nursing guided by the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery and summarize them.Methods:Pubmed,Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Chinese Biom...Objective:To explore the clinical effect of perioperative nursing guided by the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery and summarize them.Methods:Pubmed,Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Chinese Biomedical Literature Database(CBM),Wanfang Database,and VIP Database were searched to obtain the relevant literature involving enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS)guidance,obtain the effective clinical data,review the reports in literature,and obtain the effective scheme.Results:Compared with the traditional nursing program,perioperative nursing principles guided by the concept of ERAS provide more accurate nursing care to patients and reduce the occurrence of intraoperative stress events through comprehensive nursing measures such as preoperative pre-rehabilitation measures,intraoperative body temperature and fluid management,postoperative analgesia,prevention of nausea and vomiting,early mobilization,catheter nursing,and better out-of-hospital follow-up.Conclusions:Perioperative nursing principles guided by the concept of ERAS can significantly reduce the incidence of perioperative complications,shorten the hospital stay of patients,and promote postoperative rehabilitation of patients.The transformation and implementation of this concept can bring significant benefits to hospitals,medical care,and patients.展开更多
文摘In comparison to the construction of modern highway engineering,several of China’s early pavement construction concerns,such as pavement collapse,are rather clear.Limited by historical and technical factors,the subgrade and pavement design for highways lacks scientificity,thus inducing potential safety problems in the operation.In order to comprehensively improve the subgrade and pavement design as well as ensure the quality and safety of highway engineering projects,this paper takes the reconstructed and expanded highway projects as research subjects and focuses on proposing optimization measures for the subgrade and pavement design of reconstructed and expanded highways,so as to provide adequate reference.
基金Sponsored by Humanities and Social Sciences Project in Northwest A&F University(2015RWYB38)
文摘Studying tiie urban landscape pattern plays a crucial role in scientific land use and management and in improving the urban ecological environment In this paper, AutoCAD, ArcGIS, Fragstats, and other software were used to analyse the data of the fourth phase of land use in the core atea of Yangling Demonstration Zone. The results showed that： ① in the core area, the percentage of construction land incteased from 18.22% to 61.72%, and the percentage of agricultufal land decreased from 58.36% to 11.14%. And the fafm land was fragmented, and traffic connectivily was strengthened. The afea of garden land was reduced from 251.89 hm2 to 50.38 hm^2, and the landscape metric of forest land showed an inverted V-shaped curve. ②The year 2009 in four phases witnessed the greatest landscape fragmentation, both Edge Density （ED） and Ingest Patch Index （LPI） increased, and human interference enhanced the overall landscape complexity. Measures were fotmulated in terms of deaf development goals, optimized allocation of land resoutces, effective protection of ecological ted lines, and definite ecological responsibility, so as to optimize the urban landscape pattern.
文摘The so-called project cost is simply the construction price of the project, which is the sum of all the costs of the construction of the whole project. Project costs cover a wide range and are easily affected by the market environment. Therefore, if we want to avoid the problem of overbudget construction project cost, we should make a comprehensive evaluation of the factors that may cause overbudget before the construction project is carried out, and take corresponding measures to control the cost.
文摘At present, from the perspective of market economy development, the construction industry has absolute influence in terms of criticality and scale. With the development of the new situation, the construction industry is gradually transformed, and various new management systems and management concepts are gradually introduced, which solves the main problems existing in enterprise management and operation. To some extent, strengthening enterprise economic management can help construction enterprises reduce construction costs and ensure the smooth completion of the project. However, compared with small and micro enterprises, there is a large gap between large and medium-sized enterprises in the construction industry. Therefore, the whole construction industry still lacks enough attention to the importance of construction economic management.
文摘Under the background of modern development, the civil engineering industry is developing by leaps and bounds. In the process of construction of this project, due to its large quantities and complicated construction technology, the professional knowledge and skills involved are also very rich, and there are also many safety defects in the construction, which have a very serious harm to the quality and safety of the whole building, and even have a negative impact on the profit and social benefits of the whole enterprise. Therefore, through the project management work, according to the different characteristics of the construction, the related resources are summarized and optimized to realize the scientific management of the whole project.
文摘The formation of the background of fiscal and taxation informatization makes the tax supervision and inspection environment of enterprise operation and management more efficient, and the potential tax risk factors that enterprises face tend to be high. In this environment, if an enterprise wants to control the tax risk scientifically and effectively, it must combine the related contents of internal control theory to optimize the tax risk management ideas and methods.
文摘In recent years, with the rapid development of economy and the continuous progress of society, under the strategic concept of strengthening the country by traffic, in order to better promote the improvement of rural road quality and make rural development more in line with the needs of modern market, China should constantly strengthen the construction of rural roads and enhance the construction level of rural road projects. This paper mainly expounds the important value of rural highway construction, analyzes the current situation of rural highway facilities management, and puts forward the optimization measures of rural highway construction for reference.
文摘Chinese market economic system is in an important period of continuous reform, innovation and development. Quality plays a very important role in project planning and construction, especially the overall development situation of highway construction is faster and faster, and the requirements for project quality are higher and higher. During the construction of the project, the requirements of the project quality are generally improved. The purpose of the project quality supervision and management itself is to realize the supervision of a series of behaviors. Only by ensuring that all aspects of the project are effectively controlled during the construction can the effective control of the construction quality of the project be fundamentally realized. From this we can see that in the whole supervision and management work, we should give full play to the function of supervision and management, so as to realize the effective supervision of a series of behaviors.
文摘For colleges and universities, it is of great significance to strengthen the construction of college students' party branches. It can not only cultivate excellent talents in colleges and universities, but also promote the smooth development of party construction in colleges and universities and the continuous development of higher education. Therefore, in the process of education and teaching in colleges and universities, we should attach importance to the construction of party branches, effectively play the role of party organizations in the process of education and management in colleges and universities, and implement the work model of party construction in colleges and universities. This paper probes into the problems existing in the construction of college students' party branches and the optimization measures.
文摘Landscaping project construction involves not only a number of construction links, but also the application of various plant maintenance technologies. In addition, the garden construction period is long, and the construction process is easily influenced by various external factors, which makes it more necessary for the garden construction unit to strengthen the research on management methods and maintenance techniques to ensure that the goal of high-quality construction of green gardens can be achieved.
文摘From the final statistical results of safety accidents of mechanical pressure vessels in China, it can be seen that the vast majority of safety accidents are caused by unqualified welding quality, which requires strict control from the aspects of production process, industrial raw materials, heat treatment process, mechanical processing, physical chemistry and non-destructive testing to ensure that the production of pressure vessels meets the national requirements and prevent the occurrence of dangerous accidents. Unqualified welding quality includes many root causes: staff factors, materials used, welding process, etc. Pressure vessel manufacturers need to analyze these factors and take effective protective measures to further improve the welding quality, ensure the pressure level and improve the safety performance index of pressure vessels.
文摘Objective: this article mainly analyzes the causes of unqualified clinical blood samples and studies the corresponding optimization measures. Methods: 150 unqualified blood samples received blood test in our hospital from May 2019 to May 2020 were selected as the research object. The causes of unqualified blood samples in clinical test were analyzed according to the quality evaluation standard and the corresponding optimization measures were studied based on the analysis. Results: among the 150 blood samples, the causes and the number of cases of unqualified clinical examination are mainly as follows: 69 cases are unqualified due to the influence of hemolysis, 46 cases are unqualified due to coagulation, and 7 cases are unqualified due to incorrect use of anticoagulants. In addition, there are 28 cases of unqualified examination due to other reasons such as untimely submission, wrong label or deviation of blood collection position. Conclusion: during the whole process of clinical examination of blood samples, attention should be paid to the comprehensive quality of the operators, and the training should be strengthened. At the same time, attention should also be paid to the collection of blood samples by skilled personnel and timely inspection.
文摘Accelerating the market-oriented reform of Chinas state-owned construction institutions is of great significance to the long-term and stable development of Chinas state-owned construction institutions and lays a good foundation for the long-term development of Chinas state-owned construction undertakings. Electromechanical engineering is an important part of building engineering, and its efficient implementation is an important guarantee to ensure the service function of building. Relatively speaking, due to the complicated work flow of mechanical and electrical engineering, it will be influenced by many objective factors, which objectively increases the construction difficulty of the whole project. Based on this, this paper will mainly analyze the management problems existing in the construction process of mechanical and electrical engineering, and put forward relevant optimization measures.
文摘With the effective implementation of construction engineering management work, in order to comprehensively promote the construction level of construction engineering, optimize the quality of construction management, construction engineering management personnel in the existing engineering technology requirements, clear the management points and work core tasks, build new optimization measures, put forward new working ideas for the later construction engineering technology management work. However, at the present stage, due to the restriction of the management mode and work mode, most of the construction engineering technology management work in China is not implemented in place, and the various management work objectives are not clear, which not only leads to the difficult implementation of various management tasks, but also leads to the occurrence of various safety risks. For this paper on the current stage of the basis of the analysis of the importance of construction engineering technical management, clear the main problems existing in the work, the construction engineering technical management control points and optimization measures, on the one hand to promote the high quality construction of construction engineering, on the other hand for the late construction engineering quality optimization provides new ideas.
文摘In modern urban construction, a large number of public construction projects have been started. For the construction of public buildings, water supply and drainage construction is of great significance. Paying attention to water supply and drainage construction and rational use of water supply and drainage construction technology have an important positive impact on the completion of water supply and drainage construction of public buildings with quality and quantity. This paper focuses on the technical key of water supply and drainage construction in public building construction, hoping to bring some help to our public building construction.
文摘“Internet+Education”represents a new trend in current educational development,providing novel opportunities for college English translation teaching.However,due to various factors,issues such as unsystematic teaching plans and inadequate utilization of digital resources arise in this context,seriously affecting the overall teaching quality.This article elaborates on the connotation of“Internet+Education”and its impact on English translation teaching,analyzes the problems in this process,and explores a series of optimization measures for reference.
文摘The application of questioning as a teaching tool has always been considered as a main part of the teaching process.Based on the viewpoint of several researchers,a survey was conducted on the application of different questioning strategies by Chinese and foreign EFL teachers in a middle school,in order to determine their effects on students’language learning output and propose measures to optimize Chinese teachers’questioning strategies for improving students’learning efficiency.This research provides preliminary results based on the data collected from the video recordings of class sessions,a questionnaire,and an interview.According to the analysis,the questioning strategies differ between Chinese and foreign EFL teachers in many aspects,such as in information seeking,offering,modification,adjustment,feedback,and so forth.
基金supported by the National Special Water Project in China (No. 2008ZX07526-002-01)
文摘The Songhua River Basin is a burgeoning agricultural area in the modern times in China. Particularly in recent years, increasing chemical fertilizers and pesticides have been applied with the development of agricultural production. However, the situation of non- point source pollution （NSP） from agricultural production in this basin is still obscure. In order to solve the problem, the occurrence and distribution of acetochlor in sediments and riparian soils of the Songhua River Basin before rain season and after rain season were investigated. In addition, total organic carbon was analyzed. The result showed that the concentration of acetochlor ranged from 0.47 to 11.76 μg/kg in sediments and 0.03 to 709.37 μg/kg in riparian soils. During the high flow period in 2009, the mean concentration was 4.79 μg/kg in sediments and 0.75 μg]kg in riparian soils, respectively. Similarly, the mean concentration was 2.53 μg/kg in sediments and 61.36μg/kg in riparian soils, during the average flow period in 2010. There was a significant correlation between the concentration of acetochlor and total organic carbon in surface sediments. Moreover, the distribution of acetochlor in sediments of the Songhua River was significantly correlated to land use and topography of the watershed. The investigated data suggested that the concentration of acetochlor in the Songnen Plain and the Sanjiang Plain was higher than that in the other areas of the basin, and riparian buffering zones in these areas bad been destroyed by human activities. The optimal agricultural measures to alleviate the contamination of pesticides should be adopted, including controlling agricultural application of acetochlor and ecological restoration of riparian buffering strips.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41501090,41501105)Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(No.2412015KJ023)
文摘In order to study the diurnal variation of soil CO2 effiux from temperate meadow steppes in Northeast China, and determine the best time for observation, a field experiment was conducted with a LI-6400 soil CO2 flux system under five typical plant communi- ties （Suaeda glauca （Sg）, Chloris virgata （Cv）, Puecinellia distans （Pd）, Leymus chinensis （Lc） and Phragmites australis （Pa）） and an alkali-spot land （As） at the meadow steppe of western Songnen Plain. The results showed that the diurnal variation of soil CO2 effiux exhibited a single peak curve in the growing season. Diurnal maximum soil respiration （Rs） often appeared between 1 1：00 and 13：00, while the minimum occurred at 21：00-23：00 or before dawn. Air temperature near the soil surface （Ta） and soil temperature at 10 cm depth （Tlo） exerted dominant control on the diurnal variations of soil respiration. The time-windows 7：00-9：00 could be used as the optimal measuring time to represent the daily mean soil CO2 effiux at the Cv, Pd, Lc and Pa sites. The daily mean soil CO2 effiux was close to the soil COz effiux from 15：00 to 17：00 and the mean of 2 individual soil CO2 effiux from 15：00 to 19：00 at the As and Sg sites, respectively. During nocturnal hours, negative soil CO2 fluxes （CO2 downwards into the soil） were frequently observed at the As and Sg sites, the magnitude of the negative CO2 fluxes were 0.10-1.55 gmol/（m2.s） and 0.10-0.69 gmol/（m2.s）at the two sites. The results im- plied that alkaline soils could absorb CO2 under natural condition, which might have significant implications to the global carbon budget accounting.
基金supported by Emerging industry leading talent project of Shanxi Province(No.[2020]587)。
文摘Objective:To explore the clinical effect of perioperative nursing guided by the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery and summarize them.Methods:Pubmed,Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Chinese Biomedical Literature Database(CBM),Wanfang Database,and VIP Database were searched to obtain the relevant literature involving enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS)guidance,obtain the effective clinical data,review the reports in literature,and obtain the effective scheme.Results:Compared with the traditional nursing program,perioperative nursing principles guided by the concept of ERAS provide more accurate nursing care to patients and reduce the occurrence of intraoperative stress events through comprehensive nursing measures such as preoperative pre-rehabilitation measures,intraoperative body temperature and fluid management,postoperative analgesia,prevention of nausea and vomiting,early mobilization,catheter nursing,and better out-of-hospital follow-up.Conclusions:Perioperative nursing principles guided by the concept of ERAS can significantly reduce the incidence of perioperative complications,shorten the hospital stay of patients,and promote postoperative rehabilitation of patients.The transformation and implementation of this concept can bring significant benefits to hospitals,medical care,and patients.
