In order to accelerate the construction of green production mode for tea in Hubei Province, improve the yield of tea and use efficiency of fertilizers, and improve the quality of tea, application effects of special sl...In order to accelerate the construction of green production mode for tea in Hubei Province, improve the yield of tea and use efficiency of fertilizers, and improve the quality of tea, application effects of special slow-release formula fertilizer in tea plants were investigated in Wuhan. The results showed that compared with conventional fertilization, application of tea plant-specific slow-release formula fertilizer improved the yield of tea by more than 30%. The amino acid content in tea was increased by 21.05% and 30.82%, respectively, and the income was increased 27 696 （33.88%） and 27 624 （33.79%） yuan/hm2, respectively.展开更多
In order to explore the technology and effects of reducing nitrogen and potassium fertilizer applications in double-cropping rice,a field plot experiment was conducted to study the effects of optimized application of ...In order to explore the technology and effects of reducing nitrogen and potassium fertilizer applications in double-cropping rice,a field plot experiment was conducted to study the effects of optimized application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers combined with returning Chinese milk vetch and straw to fields on yield,fertilizer utilization efficiency,net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs),intercellular CO_(2) concentration(Ci),chlorophyll content(SPAD value)and soil physical and chemical properties in late rice harvest period.The results showed that the optimized application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers combined with the integrated technology of Chinese milk vetch and straw co-returning to the field could enhance the photosynthetic efficiency of double-cropping rice,increase rice yield,and enhance soil biological activity,especially T4 treatment involving the returning of Chinese milk vetch and straw to the field instead of 30%nitrogen fertilizer achieved the highest rice yield,fertilizer use efficiency,net photosynthetic rate and soil biological activity.Compared with the conventional fertilization treatment T2,the total rice yield of T4 treatment increased by 4.1%,among which the early rice and late rice increased by 6.3%and 2.4%,respectively;Pn,Gs and SPAD values of flag leaves at full heading stage significantly increased,and the contents of soil active organic carbon,alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus and readily available potassium significantly increased.展开更多
冬油菜越冬期与蕾薹期遭遇低温冻害是影响油菜产量的主要不利因素,增施钾肥是提高冬油菜抗逆性、减少油菜遭遇低温冻害所带来产量损失的有效措施。为明确不同钾肥用量对冻害后油菜产量损失程度的影响,本研究利用2022/2023和2023/2024年...冬油菜越冬期与蕾薹期遭遇低温冻害是影响油菜产量的主要不利因素,增施钾肥是提高冬油菜抗逆性、减少油菜遭遇低温冻害所带来产量损失的有效措施。为明确不同钾肥用量对冻害后油菜产量损失程度的影响,本研究利用2022/2023和2023/2024年在湖北省两地开展钾肥定位田间试验,对比了2023/2024年极端低温天气下钾肥用量(0、60、120、180、240 kg hm^(-2))对冻害后油菜产量及产量构成因子、地上部钾养分含量及分配、钾养分利用效率的影响,明确了低温冻害下油菜适宜的钾肥用量。结果表明,与2022/2023年度相比,2023/2024年的极端低温天气造成武汉和武穴试验点相同处理下的油菜分别减产13.4%~24.1%和35.7%~51.7%,地上部总生物量的降幅分别为32.3%~42.5%和23.9%~38.9%,产量降低分别主要表现在单株角果数(35.5%~56.0%)和千粒重(28.1%~31.6%)的降低。施钾缓解了冻害后油菜产量的降低程度,且在钾肥用量为180 kg hm^(-2)时油菜的减产程度最低。冻害后油菜籽粒钾含量及分配比例增加,地上部钾积累量显著降低,但钾素吸收利用率和钾肥偏生产力降低,施钾提高了油菜籽钾含量的增加幅度,减缓了地上部钾吸收量的降低,促进了非籽粒部分钾养分向籽粒的转移。线性加平台模型的拟合表明,冻害后武汉和武穴试验点的适宜钾肥用量分别为163.1 kg hm^(-2)和147.9 kg hm^(-2),相比2022/2023年适宜施钾量平均增加35.2 kg hm^(-2)。综上所述,在遇到低温冻害天气时,适当追施钾肥有助于改善油菜生长,缓解由于低温冻害对油菜造成的产量损失。展开更多
Since there are some problems in the previous cam of deep-fertilization liquid fertilizer applicator,such as poor precision and low-fertilization performance,a method of the contour line of a cam was proposed based on...Since there are some problems in the previous cam of deep-fertilization liquid fertilizer applicator,such as poor precision and low-fertilization performance,a method of the contour line of a cam was proposed based on Matlab GUI development platform.Bernoulli’equation between the liquid fertilizer and the pressure valve of the fertilizer-spraying needle was founded.Moreover,the motion angles of a rise travel and return travel were corrected and the corresponding parameters of the contour line of the cam were obtained.Equations of cam moving from rise travel to return travel were derived according to the simple harmonic motion.In addition,3D model of cam was established by applying the Pro/E software and the rationality of the cam design was verified.The static analysis of the cam was carried out under working conditions and the corresponding dynamics analysis was performed based on D’Alembert’s principle.And then relationships between the binding force and the drag torque were obtained.A bench test indicates that when the pressure of a hydraulic pump is 0.5 MPa and the velocity of a output shaft is 50 r/min,the average consumption of the fertilizer is 19.7 mL for each measurement,which meets the corresponding agronomic requirement,i.e.20 mL.When the rotation angle of the cam is 8.6°and the rise displacement of a plunger is 0.84 mm,the mouth of the fertilizer-spraying needle sprayed liquid fertilizer as soon as it got into the soil and stopped spraying as soon as it got out of the soil.The results show that the designed contour line of the cam meets the requirement,that is,the mouth of the fertilizer-spraying needle should spray liquid fertilizer as soon as it gets into the soil and stop spraying as soon as it gets out of the soil,which meets the agronomic requirements,that is,fertilizer should be sprayed deeply and precisely.And this study lays a theoretical foundation for designing the cam of intermittent type distributor and provides relevant parameters.展开更多
Excellent nitrogen(N)management techniques can improve crop yields while mitigating reactive N(Nr)losses.The synergistic effects of applying paired N management techniques have important implications for designing exc...Excellent nitrogen(N)management techniques can improve crop yields while mitigating reactive N(Nr)losses.The synergistic effects of applying paired N management techniques have important implications for designing excellent N management strategies,but the interaction effects remain poorly known.Here,a meta-analysis was conducted to quantify the effects of optimized N management techniques(optimized N application rate,optimized topdressing,and applying enhanced-efficiency fertilizers)on wheat yield,N use efficiency(NUE),and Nr losses,as well as the interactive effects of paired N management techniques(combining an optimized N rate with topdressing or enhanced-effciency fertilizers).The results demonstrated that an optimized N fertilizer rate reduced Nr losses by 28-31%while the wheat yield declined by 2%;however,the wheat yield increased by 2%when the reduction of N fertilizer was less than 20%.The adoption of topdressing and enhancedeffciency fertilizers signifcantly increased wheat yields by 4-8%and NUE by 8-14%,while reducing Nr losses by 28-40%,and high topdressing frequency and nitrifcation inhibitors showed stronger positive effects on wheat yield.Paired N management techniques increased wheat yields by 3-4%and NUE by 37-38%,with additive or synergistic effects;and they also reduced Nr losses by 5-66%but showed an antagonistic effect.Such nonadditive interactions amplifed the positive effects on wheat production,but the benefts in terms of environmental risk reduction were weakened.Overall,this study highlights the importance of synergistic effects in innovative N management to address the trade-off between crop yield and Nr losses.展开更多
2008-2009年和2009-2010年,在江苏、浙江两省油菜主产区布置10组冬油菜的氮肥用量田间试验,研究施氮对产量、干重、氮素吸收累积及氮肥利用效率的影响,通过肥效模型确定该区域油菜的适宜施氮量,为农民合理施氮提供依据。结果表明,冬油...2008-2009年和2009-2010年,在江苏、浙江两省油菜主产区布置10组冬油菜的氮肥用量田间试验,研究施氮对产量、干重、氮素吸收累积及氮肥利用效率的影响,通过肥效模型确定该区域油菜的适宜施氮量,为农民合理施氮提供依据。结果表明,冬油菜施氮的增产效果显著,施氮270 kg hm-2时油菜产量达到最高的2 581 kg hm-2,较无氮区对照平均增产1 265 kg hm-2,增幅为121%。施氮明显增加了油菜的地上部干重,促进其对氮素的吸收和累积,但过量施氮导致收获指数和氮素收获指数出现降低,并导致氮肥利用效率的显著下降。各试验点油菜的适宜施氮量平均为199 kg hm-2,此施氮量条件下不仅大幅减少氮肥投入,还同时获得较高的区域产量水平和氮肥利用效率。分析认为,当前江浙油菜主产区冬油菜推荐施氮200kg hm-2,不同地区和田块可根据实际情况进行微调。展开更多
基金Supported by National Key Research and Development Project of China(2016YFD0200900)Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-23)~~
文摘In order to accelerate the construction of green production mode for tea in Hubei Province, improve the yield of tea and use efficiency of fertilizers, and improve the quality of tea, application effects of special slow-release formula fertilizer in tea plants were investigated in Wuhan. The results showed that compared with conventional fertilization, application of tea plant-specific slow-release formula fertilizer improved the yield of tea by more than 30%. The amino acid content in tea was increased by 21.05% and 30.82%, respectively, and the income was increased 27 696 （33.88%） and 27 624 （33.79%） yuan/hm2, respectively.
文摘In order to explore the technology and effects of reducing nitrogen and potassium fertilizer applications in double-cropping rice,a field plot experiment was conducted to study the effects of optimized application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers combined with returning Chinese milk vetch and straw to fields on yield,fertilizer utilization efficiency,net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs),intercellular CO_(2) concentration(Ci),chlorophyll content(SPAD value)and soil physical and chemical properties in late rice harvest period.The results showed that the optimized application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers combined with the integrated technology of Chinese milk vetch and straw co-returning to the field could enhance the photosynthetic efficiency of double-cropping rice,increase rice yield,and enhance soil biological activity,especially T4 treatment involving the returning of Chinese milk vetch and straw to the field instead of 30%nitrogen fertilizer achieved the highest rice yield,fertilizer use efficiency,net photosynthetic rate and soil biological activity.Compared with the conventional fertilization treatment T2,the total rice yield of T4 treatment increased by 4.1%,among which the early rice and late rice increased by 6.3%and 2.4%,respectively;Pn,Gs and SPAD values of flag leaves at full heading stage significantly increased,and the contents of soil active organic carbon,alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus and readily available potassium significantly increased.
文摘冬油菜越冬期与蕾薹期遭遇低温冻害是影响油菜产量的主要不利因素,增施钾肥是提高冬油菜抗逆性、减少油菜遭遇低温冻害所带来产量损失的有效措施。为明确不同钾肥用量对冻害后油菜产量损失程度的影响,本研究利用2022/2023和2023/2024年在湖北省两地开展钾肥定位田间试验,对比了2023/2024年极端低温天气下钾肥用量(0、60、120、180、240 kg hm^(-2))对冻害后油菜产量及产量构成因子、地上部钾养分含量及分配、钾养分利用效率的影响,明确了低温冻害下油菜适宜的钾肥用量。结果表明,与2022/2023年度相比,2023/2024年的极端低温天气造成武汉和武穴试验点相同处理下的油菜分别减产13.4%~24.1%和35.7%~51.7%,地上部总生物量的降幅分别为32.3%~42.5%和23.9%~38.9%,产量降低分别主要表现在单株角果数(35.5%~56.0%)和千粒重(28.1%~31.6%)的降低。施钾缓解了冻害后油菜产量的降低程度,且在钾肥用量为180 kg hm^(-2)时油菜的减产程度最低。冻害后油菜籽粒钾含量及分配比例增加,地上部钾积累量显著降低,但钾素吸收利用率和钾肥偏生产力降低,施钾提高了油菜籽钾含量的增加幅度,减缓了地上部钾吸收量的降低,促进了非籽粒部分钾养分向籽粒的转移。线性加平台模型的拟合表明,冻害后武汉和武穴试验点的适宜钾肥用量分别为163.1 kg hm^(-2)和147.9 kg hm^(-2),相比2022/2023年适宜施钾量平均增加35.2 kg hm^(-2)。综上所述,在遇到低温冻害天气时,适当追施钾肥有助于改善油菜生长,缓解由于低温冻害对油菜造成的产量损失。
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51675093)“Young Talents”Project of Northeast Agricultural University(Grant No.18QC19).
文摘Since there are some problems in the previous cam of deep-fertilization liquid fertilizer applicator,such as poor precision and low-fertilization performance,a method of the contour line of a cam was proposed based on Matlab GUI development platform.Bernoulli’equation between the liquid fertilizer and the pressure valve of the fertilizer-spraying needle was founded.Moreover,the motion angles of a rise travel and return travel were corrected and the corresponding parameters of the contour line of the cam were obtained.Equations of cam moving from rise travel to return travel were derived according to the simple harmonic motion.In addition,3D model of cam was established by applying the Pro/E software and the rationality of the cam design was verified.The static analysis of the cam was carried out under working conditions and the corresponding dynamics analysis was performed based on D’Alembert’s principle.And then relationships between the binding force and the drag torque were obtained.A bench test indicates that when the pressure of a hydraulic pump is 0.5 MPa and the velocity of a output shaft is 50 r/min,the average consumption of the fertilizer is 19.7 mL for each measurement,which meets the corresponding agronomic requirement,i.e.20 mL.When the rotation angle of the cam is 8.6°and the rise displacement of a plunger is 0.84 mm,the mouth of the fertilizer-spraying needle sprayed liquid fertilizer as soon as it got into the soil and stopped spraying as soon as it got out of the soil.The results show that the designed contour line of the cam meets the requirement,that is,the mouth of the fertilizer-spraying needle should spray liquid fertilizer as soon as it gets into the soil and stop spraying as soon as it gets out of the soil,which meets the agronomic requirements,that is,fertilizer should be sprayed deeply and precisely.And this study lays a theoretical foundation for designing the cam of intermittent type distributor and provides relevant parameters.
基金financially support by the Shaanxi Province Key R&D Program,China(2024NC2-GJHX-28)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31902120)the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD1900700)。
文摘Excellent nitrogen(N)management techniques can improve crop yields while mitigating reactive N(Nr)losses.The synergistic effects of applying paired N management techniques have important implications for designing excellent N management strategies,but the interaction effects remain poorly known.Here,a meta-analysis was conducted to quantify the effects of optimized N management techniques(optimized N application rate,optimized topdressing,and applying enhanced-efficiency fertilizers)on wheat yield,N use efficiency(NUE),and Nr losses,as well as the interactive effects of paired N management techniques(combining an optimized N rate with topdressing or enhanced-effciency fertilizers).The results demonstrated that an optimized N fertilizer rate reduced Nr losses by 28-31%while the wheat yield declined by 2%;however,the wheat yield increased by 2%when the reduction of N fertilizer was less than 20%.The adoption of topdressing and enhancedeffciency fertilizers signifcantly increased wheat yields by 4-8%and NUE by 8-14%,while reducing Nr losses by 28-40%,and high topdressing frequency and nitrifcation inhibitors showed stronger positive effects on wheat yield.Paired N management techniques increased wheat yields by 3-4%and NUE by 37-38%,with additive or synergistic effects;and they also reduced Nr losses by 5-66%but showed an antagonistic effect.Such nonadditive interactions amplifed the positive effects on wheat production,but the benefts in terms of environmental risk reduction were weakened.Overall,this study highlights the importance of synergistic effects in innovative N management to address the trade-off between crop yield and Nr losses.
文摘2008-2009年和2009-2010年,在江苏、浙江两省油菜主产区布置10组冬油菜的氮肥用量田间试验,研究施氮对产量、干重、氮素吸收累积及氮肥利用效率的影响,通过肥效模型确定该区域油菜的适宜施氮量,为农民合理施氮提供依据。结果表明,冬油菜施氮的增产效果显著,施氮270 kg hm-2时油菜产量达到最高的2 581 kg hm-2,较无氮区对照平均增产1 265 kg hm-2,增幅为121%。施氮明显增加了油菜的地上部干重,促进其对氮素的吸收和累积,但过量施氮导致收获指数和氮素收获指数出现降低,并导致氮肥利用效率的显著下降。各试验点油菜的适宜施氮量平均为199 kg hm-2,此施氮量条件下不仅大幅减少氮肥投入,还同时获得较高的区域产量水平和氮肥利用效率。分析认为,当前江浙油菜主产区冬油菜推荐施氮200kg hm-2,不同地区和田块可根据实际情况进行微调。
