Amylose tris (phenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase (ATPC-CSP) was prepared and used for optical resolution of clusters 1 and 2. n-Hexane/2-propanol ( 99/1; v/v) were found to be the most suitable mobile phase on ...Amylose tris (phenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase (ATPC-CSP) was prepared and used for optical resolution of clusters 1 and 2. n-Hexane/2-propanol ( 99/1; v/v) were found to be the most suitable mobile phase on ATPC-CSP.展开更多
In this study,we propose a deep-learning-based method to correct motion artifacts in optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy(OR-PAM).The method is a convolutional neural network that establishes an end-to-end map ...In this study,we propose a deep-learning-based method to correct motion artifacts in optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy(OR-PAM).The method is a convolutional neural network that establishes an end-to-end map from input raw data with motion artifacts to output corrected images.First,we performed simulation studies to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.Second,we employed this method to process images of rat brain vessels with multiple motion artifacts to evaluate its performance for in vivo applications.The results demonstrate that this method works well for both large blood vessels and capillary networks.In comparison with traditional methods,the proposed method in this study can be easily modified to satisfy different scenarios of motion corrections in OR-PAM by revising the training sets.展开更多
The crystal structure of 9α-（3-azabicyclo[3,3,1]nonanyl）-2′-cyclopentyl-2′-hydro- xyl-2′-thienylacetate （C16H27NO3S, Mr = 349.48） has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystal b...The crystal structure of 9α-（3-azabicyclo[3,3,1]nonanyl）-2′-cyclopentyl-2′-hydro- xyl-2′-thienylacetate （C16H27NO3S, Mr = 349.48） has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystal belongs to orthorhombic, space group P212121 with a = 14.937（3）, b = 8.1673（16）, c = 15.423（3） ,A, V = 1881.5（6） ,A^3, Z = 4, Dc =1.234 g/cm^3, μ = 0.188 mm^-1, F（000） = 752, the final R = 0.0468 and wR = 0.1251. The bicyclo[3,3,1]nonane ring system adopts the most favored twin-chair conformation. The crystal structure shows the existence of intramolecular O-H…O hydrogen bonds by which a one-dimensional chain structure is formed.展开更多
A scanning near-field optical microscope using uncoated fiber tipis described, which can work in transmission and reflectionconfigurations, both capable of working in illumination andcollection-mode, so that either tr...A scanning near-field optical microscope using uncoated fiber tipis described, which can work in transmission and reflectionconfigurations, both capable of working in illumination andcollection-mode, so that either transparent of opaque sample can beinvestigated. Depending on different applications, eitherconstant-gap or constant-height images can be achieved. A compacthomemade translator permits to elect interested area of sample in therange of 4 mm×4 mm.展开更多
The New Vacuum Solar Telescope （NVST） is a one meter vacuum solar telescope that aims to observe fine structures on the Sun. The main goals of NVST are high resolution imaging and spectral observations, including me...The New Vacuum Solar Telescope （NVST） is a one meter vacuum solar telescope that aims to observe fine structures on the Sun. The main goals of NVST are high resolution imaging and spectral observations, including measurements of the solar magnetic field. NVST is the primary ground-based facility used by the Chinese solar research community in this solar cycle. It is located by Fuxian Lake in southwest China, where the seeing is good enough to perform high resolution observations. We first introduce the general conditions at the Fuxian Solar Observatory and the primary science cases of NVST. Then, the basic structures of this telescope and instruments are described in detail. Finally, some typical high resolution data of the solar photosphere and chromosphere are also shown.展开更多
Current optical storage technologies utilizing phosphor media face challenges in achieving rapid and precise data recording with visible or infrared light,primarily due to the constraints of traditional charging techn...Current optical storage technologies utilizing phosphor media face challenges in achieving rapid and precise data recording with visible or infrared light,primarily due to the constraints of traditional charging techniques.Here,we introduce a cutting-edge method termed up-conversion charging(UCC)to address these challenges,enabling rapid and high-resolution data storage in phosphors.Our study focuses on the unique two-step ionization and non-linear charging characteristics of UCC in storage phosphors,specifically in a gallate composition Gd3Ga5O12:Cr3+.Remarkably,this technique enables data writing with high solution,requiring only 0.01 s of exposure per bit when utilizing a portable laser engraver equipped with visible-emitting diode lasers.The present strategy not only enhances recording efficiency but also ensures long-term data retention and superior rewritability.Moreover,we illustrate the versatility of UCC storage across various material systems through thermally-and optically-stimulated luminescence.Our outcomes highlight the transformative potential of the UCC method in advancing optical storage applications,offering significant improvements in the development of information storage solutions.展开更多
Aminoacylase was immobilized on the mycelium cells of Aspergillus oryzae by using ethylenediamine, gelatin and glutylalhyde. The proper immobilized condition was studied by orthogonal experimental design. The immo...Aminoacylase was immobilized on the mycelium cells of Aspergillus oryzae by using ethylenediamine, gelatin and glutylalhyde. The proper immobilized condition was studied by orthogonal experimental design. The immobilized cells with excellent activity and stability for optically resoluting N acetyl DL alanine were obtained. The effects of pH, temperature, ion concentration and substrate concentration on the reactive activity of immobilized cells were studied. The continuous optical resolution of N acetyl DL alanine was investigated respectively in an immobilized cells column (ICC) and in a novel couple immobilized cells bed & membrane reactor(CICBMR). The results indicate that the immobilized cells are suitable for industrial applications.展开更多
A widely tested approach to overcoming the diffraction limit in microscopy without disturbing the sample relies on substituting widefield sample illumination with a structured light beam.This gives rise to confocal,im...A widely tested approach to overcoming the diffraction limit in microscopy without disturbing the sample relies on substituting widefield sample illumination with a structured light beam.This gives rise to confocal,image scanning,and structured illumination microscopy methods.On the other hand,as shown recently by Tsang and others,subdiffractional resolution at the detection end of the microscope can be achieved by replacing the intensity measurement in the image plane with spatial mode demultiplexing.In this work,we study the combined action of Tsang’s method with image scanning.We experimentally demonstrate superior lateral resolution and enhanced image quality compared to either method alone.This result paves the way for integrating spatial demultiplexing into existing microscopes,contributing to further pushing the boundaries of optical resolution.展开更多
Double carbohelicenes have attracted considerable attention due to their aesthetic structures,distinctπ-conjugation extension,inherent chirality,and intriguing optical and electronic properties.Herein,the concise de ...Double carbohelicenes have attracted considerable attention due to their aesthetic structures,distinctπ-conjugation extension,inherent chirality,and intriguing optical and electronic properties.Herein,the concise de novo synthesis of a new double[5]carbohelicene 1 together with its chiroptical properties,isomerization process and lasing application is presented.1 was synthesized by a simple protocol involving the formation of a 6,6′-bipentacene as the key intermediate.It is worth noting that1 existed as two diastereomers 1-PP/MM and 1-PM,which were successfully isolated and unambiguously confirmed by Xray crystallography.The optical resolution of the racemic 1-PP/MM was successfully achieved by chiral-phase highperformance liquid chromatography(HPLC),and 1-PP and 1-MM were characterized by circular dichroism.Interestingly,it was found that 1-PP/MM could be completely isomerized to 1-PM upon heating,and the detailed thermodynamics and kinetics of the isomerization process were systematically investigated.1-PM exhibited deep-red luminescence with emission maximum at 723 nm and fluorescence quantum yield as high as 32.95%.Consequently,we can showcase the lasing application of 1-PM by doping with epoxy resin to assemble a bottle microlaser spontaneously,which the lasing wavelength is 796.6 nm at a threshold of 0.8 m J cm^(-2).We believe that our studies,including the facile synthesis methodology,detailed isomerization studies,and lasing application,will shed some light on the design and synthesis of novel carbohelical systems with more functions.展开更多
Stimulated emission depletion(STED) microscopy is one of far-field optical microscopy techniques that can provide sub-diffraction spatial resolution. The spatial resolution of the STED microscopy is determined by the ...Stimulated emission depletion(STED) microscopy is one of far-field optical microscopy techniques that can provide sub-diffraction spatial resolution. The spatial resolution of the STED microscopy is determined by the specially engineered beam profile of the depletion beam and its power. However, the beam profile of the depletion beam may be distorted due to aberrations of optical systems and inhomogeneity of a specimen's optical properties, resulting in a compromised spatial resolution. The situation gets deteriorated when thick samples are imaged. In the worst case, the severe distortion of the depletion beam profile may cause complete loss of the superresolution effect no matter how much depletion power is applied to specimens. Previously several adaptive optics approaches have been explored to compensate aberrations of systems and specimens. However, it is difficult to correct the complicated high-order optical aberrations of specimens. In this report, we demonstrate that the complicated distorted wavefront from a thick phantom sample can be measured by using the coherent optical adaptive technique. The full correction can effectively maintain and improve spatial resolution in imaging thick samples.展开更多
The first generation solar adaptive optics （AO） system, which consists of a fine tracking loop with a tip-tilt mirror （TTM） and a correlation tracker, and a high-order correction loop with a 37-element deformable ...The first generation solar adaptive optics （AO） system, which consists of a fine tracking loop with a tip-tilt mirror （TTM） and a correlation tracker, and a high-order correction loop with a 37-element deformable mirror （DM）, a correlating Shack-Hartmann （SH） wavefront sensor （WFS） based on the ab- solute difference algorithm and a real time controller （RTC）, has been developed and installed at the 1-m New Vacuum Solar Telescope （NVST） that is part of Fuxian Solar Observatory （FSO）. Compared with the 37-element solar AO system developed for the 26-cm Solar Fine Structure Telescope, administered by Yunnan Astronomical Observatories, this AO system has two updates： one is the subaperture arrangement of the WFS changed from square to hexagon; the other is the high speed camera of the WFS and the corre- sponding real time controller. The WFS can be operated at a frame rate of 2100 Hz and the error correction bandwidth can exceed 100 Hz. After AO correction, the averaged residual image motion and the averaged RMS wavefront error are reduced to 0.06＂ and 45 nm, respectively. The results of on-sky testing obser- vations demonstrate better contrast and finer structures of the images taken with AO than those without AO.展开更多
Distributed optical fiber sensors have been widely used to monitor temperature, strain, vibration, and so on. Specifically, the sensors based on Brillouin scattering have been studied extensively to measure the strain...Distributed optical fiber sensors have been widely used to monitor temperature, strain, vibration, and so on. Specifically, the sensors based on Brillouin scattering have been studied extensively to measure the strain or temperature along an oDtical fiber.展开更多
Background:Conjunctival lymphoma,conjunctival amyloidosis and benign reactive lymphoid hyperplasia(BRLH)are conditions that often have a similar appearance on the ocular surface.The use of high resolution anterior seg...Background:Conjunctival lymphoma,conjunctival amyloidosis and benign reactive lymphoid hyperplasia(BRLH)are conditions that often have a similar appearance on the ocular surface.The use of high resolution anterior segment optical coherence tomography(HR-OCT)enables clinicians to evaluate distinctive differences in tissue morphology and cellular patterns in various ocular surface conditions.In this study,we characterize the morphological differences seen in conjunctival lymphoma,conjunctival amyloidosis and BRLH on HR-OCT imaging.Methods:A retrospective chart review was performed of patients with biopsy proven conjunctival lymphoma,conjunctival amyloidosis and BRLH between 2012 and 2019 at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute.Patients were excluded if HR-OCT imaging was not performed on initial presentation.Results:Thirty-four total eyes of 27 patients were identified.Twenty eyes had conjunctival lymphoma(16 patients),8 eyes had conjunctival amyloidosis(6 patients)and 6 eyes had BRLH(5 patients).All conditions appeared clinically as pink,red or yellow subepithelial lesions but had different features on HR-OCT.In lymphoma,HR-OCT images typically showed homogenous,dark subepithelial lesions with smooth borders,containing monomorphic dot-like infiltrates.HR-OCT images of amyloidosis typically showed heterogeneous,dark lesions with irregular borders,often containing hyperreflective linear infiltrates.HR-OCT images of BRLH showed variable infiltration of the subepithelial tissue,at times with homogenous lesions containing dot-like infiltrates like lymphoma and other times with more hyperreflective,subepithelial tissue.Flow cytometry and gene rearrangement was needed for final differentiation between BRLH and lymphoma lesions.Conclusions:Distinctive features on HR-OCT of conjunctival lymphoma,conjunctival amyloidosis and BRLH can help characterize these lesions beyond what is apparent with the clinical examination.Future studies can further validate this technology’s use with more subtle and challenging lesions.展开更多
In optical scanning holography, one pupil produces a spherical wave and another produces a plane wave. They interfere with each other and result in a fringe pattern for scanning a three-dimensional object. The resolut...In optical scanning holography, one pupil produces a spherical wave and another produces a plane wave. They interfere with each other and result in a fringe pattern for scanning a three-dimensional object. The resolution of the hologram reconstruction is affected by the point spread function(PSF) of the optical system. In this paper, we modulate the PSF by a spiral phase plate, which significantly enhances the lateral and depth resolution. We explain the theory for such resolution enhancement and show simulation results to verify the efficacy of the approach.展开更多
Genomic mining has identifi ed a novel microbial alkaline esterase from the Indian Ocean. This esterase was overexpressed in E. coli BL21（DE3） and further functionally characterized. Under optimal conditions（10 mmo...Genomic mining has identifi ed a novel microbial alkaline esterase from the Indian Ocean. This esterase was overexpressed in E. coli BL21（DE3） and further functionally characterized. Under optimal conditions（10 mmol/L substrate, p H 6.0, 2 h at 40 ℃）, this esterase can hydrolyze racemic methyl mandelate to（ R）-methyl mandelate with very high optical purity（e. e. 〉99%） and yield（nearly 90%）. Interestingly, the stereoselectivity of this esterase is opposite to that of two previously reported lipases that can generate（ S）-methyl mandelate through the hydrolysis of racemic methyl mandelate. No organic solvents or other additives were required to optimize the optical purity and production of the fi nal chiral product（R）-methyl mandelate, which can potentially simplify the production procedure of（ R）-methyl mandelate catalyzed by esterase.展开更多
Improving the spatial resolution of a fluorescence microscope has been an ongoing challenge in the imaging community.To address this challenge,a variety of approaches have been taken,ranging from instrumentation devel...Improving the spatial resolution of a fluorescence microscope has been an ongoing challenge in the imaging community.To address this challenge,a variety of approaches have been taken,ranging from instrumentation development to image postprocessing.An example of the latter is deconvolution,where images are numerically deblurred based on a knowledge of the microscope point spread function.However,deconvolution can easily lead to noise-amplification artifacts.Deblurring by postprocessing can also lead to negativities or fail to conserve local linearity between sample and image.We describe here a simple image deblurring algorithm based on pixel reassignment that inherently avoids such artifacts and can be applied to general microscope modalities and fluorophore types.Our algorithm helps distinguish nearby fluorophores,even when these are separated by distances smaller than the conventional resolution limit,helping facilitate,for example,the application of single-molecule localization microscopy in dense samples.We demonstrate the versatility and performance of our algorithm under a variety of imaging conditions.展开更多
(+/-)-5,5 '-Dihydroxy-7,7 '-dimethoxy-8,8 '-biflavone ((+/-)-1) was resolved into its optically pure forms via the formation and recrystallization of its (2R)- and (2S)-1-(4-toluenesulfonyl)prolylate, and ...(+/-)-5,5 '-Dihydroxy-7,7 '-dimethoxy-8,8 '-biflavone ((+/-)-1) was resolved into its optically pure forms via the formation and recrystallization of its (2R)- and (2S)-1-(4-toluenesulfonyl)prolylate, and the methylated derivatives of (+)- and (-)-1 were also prepared. The absolute configurations of all these 8,8 '-biflavones have been confirmed by their CD spectra.展开更多
Controlling electromagnetic(EM)waves at will is fundamentally important for diverse applications,ranging from optical microcavities,super-resolution imaging,to quantum information processing.Decades ago,the forays int...Controlling electromagnetic(EM)waves at will is fundamentally important for diverse applications,ranging from optical microcavities,super-resolution imaging,to quantum information processing.Decades ago,the forays into metamaterials and transformation optics have ignited unprecedented interest to create an invisibility cloak—a closed space with any object inside invisible.However,all features of the scattering waves become stochastic and uncontrollable when EM waves interact with an open and disordered environment,making an open invisible space almost impossible.Counterintuitively,here we for the first time present an open,cluttered,and dynamic but invisible space,wherein any freely-moving object maintains invisible.To adapt to the disordered environment,we randomly organize a swarm of reconfigurable metasurfaces,and master them by MetaSeeker,a population-based reinforcement learning(RL).MetaSeeker constructs a narcissistic internal world to mirror the stochastic physical world,capable of autonomous preferment,evolution,and adaptation.In the perception-decision-execution experiment,multiple RL agents automatically interact with the ever-changing environments and integrate a post-hoc explainability to visualize the decision-making process.The hidden objects,such as vehicle cluster and experimenter,can freely scale,race,and track in the invisible space,with the environmental similarity of 99.5%.Our results constitute a monumental stride to reshape the evolutionary landscape of metasurfaces from individual to swarm intelligence and usher in the remote management of entire EM space.展开更多
Kerr soliton microcombs have the potential to disrupt a variety of applications such as ultra-high-speed optical communications,ultra-fast distance measurements,massively parallel light detection and ranging(LiDAR)or ...Kerr soliton microcombs have the potential to disrupt a variety of applications such as ultra-high-speed optical communications,ultra-fast distance measurements,massively parallel light detection and ranging(LiDAR)or high-resolution optical spectroscopy.Similarly,ultra-broadband photonic-electronic signal processing could also benefit from chip-scale frequency comb sources that offer wideband optical emission along with ultra-low phase noise and timing jitter.However,while photonic analogue-to-digital converters(ADC)based on femtosecond lasers have been shown to overcome the jitter-related limitations of electronic oscillators,the potential of Kerr combs in photonic-electronic signal processing remains to be explored.In this work,we demonstrate a microcomb-based photonic-electronic ADC that combines a high-speed electro-optic modulator with a Kerr comb for spectrally sliced coherent detection of the generated optical waveform.The system offers a record-high acquisition bandwidth of 320 GHz,corresponding to an effective sampling rate of at least 640GSa/s.In a proof-of-concept experiment,we demonstrate the viability of the concept by acquiring a broadband analogue data signal comprising different channels with centre frequencies between 24 GHz and 264 GHz,offering bit error ratios(BER)below widely used forward-error-correction(FEC)thresholds.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first demonstration of a microcomb-based ADC,leading to the largest acquisition bandwidth demonstrated for any ADC so far.展开更多
Elasto-optical refractive index modulation due to photoacoustic initial pressure transients produced significant reflection of a probe beam when the absorbing interface had an appreciable refractive index difference.T...Elasto-optical refractive index modulation due to photoacoustic initial pressure transients produced significant reflection of a probe beam when the absorbing interface had an appreciable refractive index difference.This effect was harnessed in a new form of non-contact optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy called photoacoustic remote sensing microscopy.A noninterferometric system architecture with a low-coherence probe beam precludes detection of surface oscillations and other phase-modulation phenomenon.The probe beam was confocal with a scanned excitation beam to ensure detection of initial pressure-induced intensity reflections at the subsurface origin where pressures are largest.Phantom studies confirmed signal dependence on optical absorption,index contrast and excitation fluence.In vivo imaging of superficial microvasculature and melanoma tumors was demonstrated with~2.7±0.5μm lateral resolution.展开更多
文摘Amylose tris (phenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase (ATPC-CSP) was prepared and used for optical resolution of clusters 1 and 2. n-Hexane/2-propanol ( 99/1; v/v) were found to be the most suitable mobile phase on ATPC-CSP.
基金This work was sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81571722,61775028 and 61528401.
文摘In this study,we propose a deep-learning-based method to correct motion artifacts in optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy(OR-PAM).The method is a convolutional neural network that establishes an end-to-end map from input raw data with motion artifacts to output corrected images.First,we performed simulation studies to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.Second,we employed this method to process images of rat brain vessels with multiple motion artifacts to evaluate its performance for in vivo applications.The results demonstrate that this method works well for both large blood vessels and capillary networks.In comparison with traditional methods,the proposed method in this study can be easily modified to satisfy different scenarios of motion corrections in OR-PAM by revising the training sets.
基金The project was supported by NNSFC (No. 203900508)
文摘The crystal structure of 9α-（3-azabicyclo[3,3,1]nonanyl）-2′-cyclopentyl-2′-hydro- xyl-2′-thienylacetate （C16H27NO3S, Mr = 349.48） has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystal belongs to orthorhombic, space group P212121 with a = 14.937（3）, b = 8.1673（16）, c = 15.423（3） ,A, V = 1881.5（6） ,A^3, Z = 4, Dc =1.234 g/cm^3, μ = 0.188 mm^-1, F（000） = 752, the final R = 0.0468 and wR = 0.1251. The bicyclo[3,3,1]nonane ring system adopts the most favored twin-chair conformation. The crystal structure shows the existence of intramolecular O-H…O hydrogen bonds by which a one-dimensional chain structure is formed.
文摘A scanning near-field optical microscope using uncoated fiber tipis described, which can work in transmission and reflectionconfigurations, both capable of working in illumination andcollection-mode, so that either transparent of opaque sample can beinvestigated. Depending on different applications, eitherconstant-gap or constant-height images can be achieved. A compacthomemade translator permits to elect interested area of sample in therange of 4 mm×4 mm.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The New Vacuum Solar Telescope （NVST） is a one meter vacuum solar telescope that aims to observe fine structures on the Sun. The main goals of NVST are high resolution imaging and spectral observations, including measurements of the solar magnetic field. NVST is the primary ground-based facility used by the Chinese solar research community in this solar cycle. It is located by Fuxian Lake in southwest China, where the seeing is good enough to perform high resolution observations. We first introduce the general conditions at the Fuxian Solar Observatory and the primary science cases of NVST. Then, the basic structures of this telescope and instruments are described in detail. Finally, some typical high resolution data of the solar photosphere and chromosphere are also shown.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11774046,12074373,52072361,51732003,52172083)the Key Research and Department of Science and Technology of Jilin Province(20230101012JC).
文摘Current optical storage technologies utilizing phosphor media face challenges in achieving rapid and precise data recording with visible or infrared light,primarily due to the constraints of traditional charging techniques.Here,we introduce a cutting-edge method termed up-conversion charging(UCC)to address these challenges,enabling rapid and high-resolution data storage in phosphors.Our study focuses on the unique two-step ionization and non-linear charging characteristics of UCC in storage phosphors,specifically in a gallate composition Gd3Ga5O12:Cr3+.Remarkably,this technique enables data writing with high solution,requiring only 0.01 s of exposure per bit when utilizing a portable laser engraver equipped with visible-emitting diode lasers.The present strategy not only enhances recording efficiency but also ensures long-term data retention and superior rewritability.Moreover,we illustrate the versatility of UCC storage across various material systems through thermally-and optically-stimulated luminescence.Our outcomes highlight the transformative potential of the UCC method in advancing optical storage applications,offering significant improvements in the development of information storage solutions.
文摘Aminoacylase was immobilized on the mycelium cells of Aspergillus oryzae by using ethylenediamine, gelatin and glutylalhyde. The proper immobilized condition was studied by orthogonal experimental design. The immobilized cells with excellent activity and stability for optically resoluting N acetyl DL alanine were obtained. The effects of pH, temperature, ion concentration and substrate concentration on the reactive activity of immobilized cells were studied. The continuous optical resolution of N acetyl DL alanine was investigated respectively in an immobilized cells column (ICC) and in a novel couple immobilized cells bed & membrane reactor(CICBMR). The results indicate that the immobilized cells are suitable for industrial applications.
基金funded by BBSRC grant BB/X004317/1supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 956071supported by the Clarendon Fund scholarship.
文摘A widely tested approach to overcoming the diffraction limit in microscopy without disturbing the sample relies on substituting widefield sample illumination with a structured light beam.This gives rise to confocal,image scanning,and structured illumination microscopy methods.On the other hand,as shown recently by Tsang and others,subdiffractional resolution at the detection end of the microscope can be achieved by replacing the intensity measurement in the image plane with spatial mode demultiplexing.In this work,we study the combined action of Tsang’s method with image scanning.We experimentally demonstrate superior lateral resolution and enhanced image quality compared to either method alone.This result paves the way for integrating spatial demultiplexing into existing microscopes,contributing to further pushing the boundaries of optical resolution.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22071061)the Shanghai Natural Science Foundation(22ZR1420600)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘Double carbohelicenes have attracted considerable attention due to their aesthetic structures,distinctπ-conjugation extension,inherent chirality,and intriguing optical and electronic properties.Herein,the concise de novo synthesis of a new double[5]carbohelicene 1 together with its chiroptical properties,isomerization process and lasing application is presented.1 was synthesized by a simple protocol involving the formation of a 6,6′-bipentacene as the key intermediate.It is worth noting that1 existed as two diastereomers 1-PP/MM and 1-PM,which were successfully isolated and unambiguously confirmed by Xray crystallography.The optical resolution of the racemic 1-PP/MM was successfully achieved by chiral-phase highperformance liquid chromatography(HPLC),and 1-PP and 1-MM were characterized by circular dichroism.Interestingly,it was found that 1-PP/MM could be completely isomerized to 1-PM upon heating,and the detailed thermodynamics and kinetics of the isomerization process were systematically investigated.1-PM exhibited deep-red luminescence with emission maximum at 723 nm and fluorescence quantum yield as high as 32.95%.Consequently,we can showcase the lasing application of 1-PM by doping with epoxy resin to assemble a bottle microlaser spontaneously,which the lasing wavelength is 796.6 nm at a threshold of 0.8 m J cm^(-2).We believe that our studies,including the facile synthesis methodology,detailed isomerization studies,and lasing application,will shed some light on the design and synthesis of novel carbohelical systems with more functions.
基金National Basic Research Program of China(2015CB352005)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(61378091,61404123,61505118,61505121,61525503)+5 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2014M55226)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2014A030312008)Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan cooperation innovation platform&major projects of international cooperation in Colleges and Universities in Guangdong Province(2015KGJHZ002)National Institute of General Medical Sciences(NIGMS)(P20GM103499,R21GM104683)National Science Foundation(NSF)(1539034)Shenzhen Basic Research Project(JCYJ20150930104948169,GJHZ20160226202139185,JCYJ20160328144746940)
文摘Stimulated emission depletion(STED) microscopy is one of far-field optical microscopy techniques that can provide sub-diffraction spatial resolution. The spatial resolution of the STED microscopy is determined by the specially engineered beam profile of the depletion beam and its power. However, the beam profile of the depletion beam may be distorted due to aberrations of optical systems and inhomogeneity of a specimen's optical properties, resulting in a compromised spatial resolution. The situation gets deteriorated when thick samples are imaged. In the worst case, the severe distortion of the depletion beam profile may cause complete loss of the superresolution effect no matter how much depletion power is applied to specimens. Previously several adaptive optics approaches have been explored to compensate aberrations of systems and specimens. However, it is difficult to correct the complicated high-order optical aberrations of specimens. In this report, we demonstrate that the complicated distorted wavefront from a thick phantom sample can be measured by using the coherent optical adaptive technique. The full correction can effectively maintain and improve spatial resolution in imaging thick samples.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11178004)
文摘The first generation solar adaptive optics （AO） system, which consists of a fine tracking loop with a tip-tilt mirror （TTM） and a correlation tracker, and a high-order correction loop with a 37-element deformable mirror （DM）, a correlating Shack-Hartmann （SH） wavefront sensor （WFS） based on the ab- solute difference algorithm and a real time controller （RTC）, has been developed and installed at the 1-m New Vacuum Solar Telescope （NVST） that is part of Fuxian Solar Observatory （FSO）. Compared with the 37-element solar AO system developed for the 26-cm Solar Fine Structure Telescope, administered by Yunnan Astronomical Observatories, this AO system has two updates： one is the subaperture arrangement of the WFS changed from square to hexagon; the other is the high speed camera of the WFS and the corre- sponding real time controller. The WFS can be operated at a frame rate of 2100 Hz and the error correction bandwidth can exceed 100 Hz. After AO correction, the averaged residual image motion and the averaged RMS wavefront error are reduced to 0.06＂ and 45 nm, respectively. The results of on-sky testing obser- vations demonstrate better contrast and finer structures of the images taken with AO than those without AO.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61377089 and 61527819)the International Science&Technology Cooperation Program of China(No.2014DFA50870)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi(Nos.2015011049 and201601D021069)
文摘Distributed optical fiber sensors have been widely used to monitor temperature, strain, vibration, and so on. Specifically, the sensors based on Brillouin scattering have been studied extensively to measure the strain or temperature along an oDtical fiber.
基金Ronald and Alicia Lepke Grant,The Lee and Claire Hager Grant,The Jimmy and Gaye Bryan Grant,The H.Scott Huizenga Grant,The Grant and Diana Stanton-Thornbrough,The Robert Baer Family Grant,The Emilyn Page and Mark Feldberg Grant,The Gordon Charitable Foundation,The Jose Ferreira de Melo Grant,The Richard and Kathy Lesser Grant and The Richard Azar Family Grant(institutional grants),the Department of Veterans Affairs,Veterans Health Administration,Office of Research and Development,Clinical Sciences Research EPID-006-15S(Dr.Galor),R01EY026174(Dr.Galor)NIH Center Core Grant P30EY014801Research to Prevent Blindness Unrestricted Grant.
文摘Background:Conjunctival lymphoma,conjunctival amyloidosis and benign reactive lymphoid hyperplasia(BRLH)are conditions that often have a similar appearance on the ocular surface.The use of high resolution anterior segment optical coherence tomography(HR-OCT)enables clinicians to evaluate distinctive differences in tissue morphology and cellular patterns in various ocular surface conditions.In this study,we characterize the morphological differences seen in conjunctival lymphoma,conjunctival amyloidosis and BRLH on HR-OCT imaging.Methods:A retrospective chart review was performed of patients with biopsy proven conjunctival lymphoma,conjunctival amyloidosis and BRLH between 2012 and 2019 at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute.Patients were excluded if HR-OCT imaging was not performed on initial presentation.Results:Thirty-four total eyes of 27 patients were identified.Twenty eyes had conjunctival lymphoma(16 patients),8 eyes had conjunctival amyloidosis(6 patients)and 6 eyes had BRLH(5 patients).All conditions appeared clinically as pink,red or yellow subepithelial lesions but had different features on HR-OCT.In lymphoma,HR-OCT images typically showed homogenous,dark subepithelial lesions with smooth borders,containing monomorphic dot-like infiltrates.HR-OCT images of amyloidosis typically showed heterogeneous,dark lesions with irregular borders,often containing hyperreflective linear infiltrates.HR-OCT images of BRLH showed variable infiltration of the subepithelial tissue,at times with homogenous lesions containing dot-like infiltrates like lymphoma and other times with more hyperreflective,subepithelial tissue.Flow cytometry and gene rearrangement was needed for final differentiation between BRLH and lymphoma lesions.Conclusions:Distinctive features on HR-OCT of conjunctival lymphoma,conjunctival amyloidosis and BRLH can help characterize these lesions beyond what is apparent with the clinical examination.Future studies can further validate this technology’s use with more subtle and challenging lesions.
基金supported in part by the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China, under project 7131–12Ethe NSFC RGC grant under project N–HKU714–13
文摘In optical scanning holography, one pupil produces a spherical wave and another produces a plane wave. They interfere with each other and result in a fringe pattern for scanning a three-dimensional object. The resolution of the hologram reconstruction is affected by the point spread function(PSF) of the optical system. In this paper, we modulate the PSF by a spiral phase plate, which significantly enhances the lateral and depth resolution. We explain the theory for such resolution enhancement and show simulation results to verify the efficacy of the approach.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21302199)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA11030404)+1 种基金the Project of“Engineering HighPerformance Microorganisms for Advanced Bio-Based Manufacturing”from the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KGZD-EW-606)the Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan Projects(No.201510010012)
文摘Genomic mining has identifi ed a novel microbial alkaline esterase from the Indian Ocean. This esterase was overexpressed in E. coli BL21（DE3） and further functionally characterized. Under optimal conditions（10 mmol/L substrate, p H 6.0, 2 h at 40 ℃）, this esterase can hydrolyze racemic methyl mandelate to（ R）-methyl mandelate with very high optical purity（e. e. 〉99%） and yield（nearly 90%）. Interestingly, the stereoselectivity of this esterase is opposite to that of two previously reported lipases that can generate（ S）-methyl mandelate through the hydrolysis of racemic methyl mandelate. No organic solvents or other additives were required to optimize the optical purity and production of the fi nal chiral product（R）-methyl mandelate, which can potentially simplify the production procedure of（ R）-methyl mandelate catalyzed by esterase.
基金funded by the National Science Foundation(EEC-1647837,2215990)the National Institutes of Health(R01EB029171,R01NS116139).
文摘Improving the spatial resolution of a fluorescence microscope has been an ongoing challenge in the imaging community.To address this challenge,a variety of approaches have been taken,ranging from instrumentation development to image postprocessing.An example of the latter is deconvolution,where images are numerically deblurred based on a knowledge of the microscope point spread function.However,deconvolution can easily lead to noise-amplification artifacts.Deblurring by postprocessing can also lead to negativities or fail to conserve local linearity between sample and image.We describe here a simple image deblurring algorithm based on pixel reassignment that inherently avoids such artifacts and can be applied to general microscope modalities and fluorophore types.Our algorithm helps distinguish nearby fluorophores,even when these are separated by distances smaller than the conventional resolution limit,helping facilitate,for example,the application of single-molecule localization microscopy in dense samples.We demonstrate the versatility and performance of our algorithm under a variety of imaging conditions.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Fbundation of China
文摘(+/-)-5,5 '-Dihydroxy-7,7 '-dimethoxy-8,8 '-biflavone ((+/-)-1) was resolved into its optically pure forms via the formation and recrystallization of its (2R)- and (2S)-1-(4-toluenesulfonyl)prolylate, and the methylated derivatives of (+)- and (-)-1 were also prepared. The absolute configurations of all these 8,8 '-biflavones have been confirmed by their CD spectra.
基金sponsored by the Key Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology under Grant Nos.2022YFA1404704,2022YFA1405200,and 2022YFA1404902the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NNSFC)under Grant Nos.62422514,62471432,and 62101485+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province under Grant No.2022C01036the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Controlling electromagnetic(EM)waves at will is fundamentally important for diverse applications,ranging from optical microcavities,super-resolution imaging,to quantum information processing.Decades ago,the forays into metamaterials and transformation optics have ignited unprecedented interest to create an invisibility cloak—a closed space with any object inside invisible.However,all features of the scattering waves become stochastic and uncontrollable when EM waves interact with an open and disordered environment,making an open invisible space almost impossible.Counterintuitively,here we for the first time present an open,cluttered,and dynamic but invisible space,wherein any freely-moving object maintains invisible.To adapt to the disordered environment,we randomly organize a swarm of reconfigurable metasurfaces,and master them by MetaSeeker,a population-based reinforcement learning(RL).MetaSeeker constructs a narcissistic internal world to mirror the stochastic physical world,capable of autonomous preferment,evolution,and adaptation.In the perception-decision-execution experiment,multiple RL agents automatically interact with the ever-changing environments and integrate a post-hoc explainability to visualize the decision-making process.The hidden objects,such as vehicle cluster and experimenter,can freely scale,race,and track in the invisible space,with the environmental similarity of 99.5%.Our results constitute a monumental stride to reshape the evolutionary landscape of metasurfaces from individual to swarm intelligence and usher in the remote management of entire EM space.
基金supported by the ERC Consolidator Grant TeraSHAPE(#773248)the H2020 project TeraSlice(#863322)+10 种基金by the EIC Transition projects MAGNIFY(#101113302),HDLN(#101113260),and CombTools(#101136978)by the H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Innovative Training Network“MICROCOMB”(#812818)by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG)project PACE(#403188360)within the Priority Programme“Electronic-Photonic Integrated Systems for Ultrafast Signal Processing”(SPP 2111)by the DFG Collaborative Research Centre(CRC)WavePhenomena(SFB 1173,Project-ID 258734477)by the BMBF project Open6GHub(#16KISK010)by the Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach-Stiftungby the Max-Planck School of Photonics(MPSP)by the European Regional Development Fund(ERDF,grant EFRE/FEIH_776267)the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFGgrants DFG/INST 121384/166-1 and DFG/INST 121384/167-1The Si3N4 samples were fabricated in the Centre of MicroNano Technology(CMi)at EPFL.
文摘Kerr soliton microcombs have the potential to disrupt a variety of applications such as ultra-high-speed optical communications,ultra-fast distance measurements,massively parallel light detection and ranging(LiDAR)or high-resolution optical spectroscopy.Similarly,ultra-broadband photonic-electronic signal processing could also benefit from chip-scale frequency comb sources that offer wideband optical emission along with ultra-low phase noise and timing jitter.However,while photonic analogue-to-digital converters(ADC)based on femtosecond lasers have been shown to overcome the jitter-related limitations of electronic oscillators,the potential of Kerr combs in photonic-electronic signal processing remains to be explored.In this work,we demonstrate a microcomb-based photonic-electronic ADC that combines a high-speed electro-optic modulator with a Kerr comb for spectrally sliced coherent detection of the generated optical waveform.The system offers a record-high acquisition bandwidth of 320 GHz,corresponding to an effective sampling rate of at least 640GSa/s.In a proof-of-concept experiment,we demonstrate the viability of the concept by acquiring a broadband analogue data signal comprising different channels with centre frequencies between 24 GHz and 264 GHz,offering bit error ratios(BER)below widely used forward-error-correction(FEC)thresholds.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first demonstration of a microcomb-based ADC,leading to the largest acquisition bandwidth demonstrated for any ADC so far.
基金funding from the Killam Trust(Izaak Walton Killam Memorial Scholarship)Alberta Innovates Technology Futures+11 种基金Alberta Enterprise and Advanced Education(Graduate Student Scholarship)University of Alberta(Dissertation fellowship)Andrew Stewart Awards and SPIE(SPIE Scholarship in Optics and Photonics)funding from NSERC(355544-2008,375340-2009 and STPGP 396444)the Terry-Fox Foundationthe Canadian Cancer Society(TFF 019237,TFF 019240 and CCS 2011-700718)Alberta Innovates Health Solutions(AIHS CRIO Team Award#201201154)The Alberta Cancer Research Institute(ACB 23728)the Leaders Opportunity Fund of the Canada Foundation for Innovation(18472)Alberta Advanced Education and Technology,Small Equipment Grants Program(URSI09007SEG)Alberta Ingenuity/Alberta Innovates(scholarships for graduate and undergraduate students)the Alberta Innovates Technology Futures Postdoctoral Fellowship.
文摘Elasto-optical refractive index modulation due to photoacoustic initial pressure transients produced significant reflection of a probe beam when the absorbing interface had an appreciable refractive index difference.This effect was harnessed in a new form of non-contact optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy called photoacoustic remote sensing microscopy.A noninterferometric system architecture with a low-coherence probe beam precludes detection of surface oscillations and other phase-modulation phenomenon.The probe beam was confocal with a scanned excitation beam to ensure detection of initial pressure-induced intensity reflections at the subsurface origin where pressures are largest.Phantom studies confirmed signal dependence on optical absorption,index contrast and excitation fluence.In vivo imaging of superficial microvasculature and melanoma tumors was demonstrated with~2.7±0.5μm lateral resolution.
