Background:Diabetic macular edema is a prevalent retinal condition and a leading cause of visual impairment among diabetic patients’Early detection of affected areas is beneficial for effective diagnosis and treatmen...Background:Diabetic macular edema is a prevalent retinal condition and a leading cause of visual impairment among diabetic patients’Early detection of affected areas is beneficial for effective diagnosis and treatment.Traditionally,diagnosis relies on optical coherence tomography imaging technology interpreted by ophthalmologists.However,this manual image interpretation is often slow and subjective.Therefore,developing automated segmentation for macular edema images is essential to enhance to improve the diagnosis efficiency and accuracy.Methods:In order to improve clinical diagnostic efficiency and accuracy,we proposed a SegNet network structure integrated with a convolutional block attention module(CBAM).This network introduces a multi-scale input module,the CBAM attention mechanism,and jump connection.The multi-scale input module enhances the network’s perceptual capabilities,while the lightweight CBAM effectively fuses relevant features across channels and spatial dimensions,allowing for better learning of varying information levels.Results:Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed network achieves an IoU of 80.127%and an accuracy of 99.162%.Compared to the traditional segmentation network,this model has fewer parameters,faster training and testing speed,and superior performance on semantic segmentation tasks,indicating its highly practical applicability.Conclusion:The C-SegNet proposed in this study enables accurate segmentation of Diabetic macular edema lesion images,which facilitates quicker diagnosis for healthcare professionals.展开更多
Based on the equivalent circuit model of a two-port optical receiver front-end,the relationship between the equivalent input noise current spectral density and the noise figure is analyzed. The derived relationship ha...Based on the equivalent circuit model of a two-port optical receiver front-end,the relationship between the equivalent input noise current spectral density and the noise figure is analyzed. The derived relationship has universal validity for determining the equivalent input noise current spectral density for optical receiver designs, as verified by measuring a 155Mb/s high-impedance optical receiver front.end. Good agreement between calculated and simulated results has been achieved.展开更多
This paper reports that an output window for optically pumped terahertz （THz） laser has been fabricated by depositing a capacitive nickel-mesh on a thick high-resistivity silicon substrate （approximating to 5 mm th...This paper reports that an output window for optically pumped terahertz （THz） laser has been fabricated by depositing a capacitive nickel-mesh on a thick high-resistivity silicon substrate （approximating to 5 mm thick）. Unlike the conventional process of depositing a gold film approximating to 100 nm on negative photoresist using electron-beam evaporation, a nickel film approximating to 1.5 μm thick is directly deposited on the clean surface of dielectric substrate using magnetron sputtering and then a positive photoresist is spun onto the nickel metal surface at 6000 r for 60 s. A transmittance spectrum of the output window in a certain frequency range （say, from zero to 1 THz） has been obtained by using THz time domain spectroscopy. Moreover a transmittance spectrum simulated numerically has also been estimated with respect to the output window using the transmission-line model （TLM） containing attenuation component from dielectric substrate. The simulation results show that the TLM can explain well the experimental curve in a certain frequency range from zero to 1 THz. Thus it is demonstrated that the improved optical component can be efficiently used as both output coupler and output window for optically pumped THz lasers.展开更多
We present a continuous-wave singly-resonant optical parametric oscillator with 1.5% output coupling of the reso- nant signal wave, based on an angle-polished MgO-doped periodically poled lithium niobate （MgO：PPLN）...We present a continuous-wave singly-resonant optical parametric oscillator with 1.5% output coupling of the reso- nant signal wave, based on an angle-polished MgO-doped periodically poled lithium niobate （MgO：PPLN）, pumped by a commercial Nd：YVO4 laser at 1064 nm. The output-coupled optical parametric oscillator delivers a maximum total output power of 4.19 W with 42.8% extraction efficiency, across a tuning range of 1717 nm in the near- and mid-infrared region. This indicates improvements of 1.87 W in output power, 19.1% in extraction efficiency and 213 nm in tuning range exten- sion in comparison with the optical parametric oscillator with no output coupling, while at the expense of increasing the oscillation threshold by a factor of - 2. Moreover, it is confirmed that the finite output coupling also contributes to the reduction of the thermal effects in crystal.展开更多
We experimentally discussed the output characteristics of a passively mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser using a single-mode fiber(SMF)structure as a saturable absorber(SA)based on nonlinear optic loop mirror(NOLM)....We experimentally discussed the output characteristics of a passively mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser using a single-mode fiber(SMF)structure as a saturable absorber(SA)based on nonlinear optic loop mirror(NOLM).The NOLM acting as an SA has properties of controllable pulse interval and pulse width.Four different types of NOLMs are experimentally discussed and the results show that fine adjustment to the coupler ratio together with optimization of the SMF length inside the NOLM can simultaneously implement high pulse energy and pulse internal tunability.The laser configuration provides a method to generate well-performing mode-locked lasing,and the investigations of the effects of changing some parameters of the laser also provide some help for the development of mode-locked fiber laser based on NOLM.展开更多
The electromagnetic field integral equation in the quasi-optical cavity is obtained using the dyadic Green’s function. An expression is derived for the input impedance of a single microstrip patch cavity excited by a...The electromagnetic field integral equation in the quasi-optical cavity is obtained using the dyadic Green’s function. An expression is derived for the input impedance of a single microstrip patch cavity excited by a coaxial probe using moment method. The input impedance of a rectangular microstrip patch is discussed with this method. The result of this paper is similar to that of the microstrip antenna. This paper is of very important value for designing microstrip quasi-optical oscillator.展开更多
[Objective] To analyze the input and output in rice cultivation based on CD function. [Method] Based on the input factors, Cobb-Douglas production （CD） function was used to do the quantitative analysis on the input-...[Objective] To analyze the input and output in rice cultivation based on CD function. [Method] Based on the input factors, Cobb-Douglas production （CD） function was used to do the quantitative analysis on the input-output in rice production with rice growers as the objective. [Result] Considering the substitution effect of labor in- put and capital input, under the same technical conditions, the effect of increasing labor input on the rice production in per 667 m2 was negative, based on which 2 pieces of policy suggestions were put forward to promote the transfer of surplus la- bor force of rice growers and ensure the capital supply for rice production. [Conclusion] This study laid the foundation for the realization of reasonable allocation of rice production resources.展开更多
A 1×8 multimode interference power splitter with multimode input/output waveguides in SOI material is designed by the beam propagation method and fabricated by the inductive coupled plasma etching technology for...A 1×8 multimode interference power splitter with multimode input/output waveguides in SOI material is designed by the beam propagation method and fabricated by the inductive coupled plasma etching technology for use in fiber optics communication systems.The fabricated device exhibits low loss and good coupling uniformity.The excess loss is lower than 0 8dB,and the uniformity is 0 45dB at the wavelength of 1550nm.Moreover,the polarization dependent loss is lower than 0 7dB at 1550nm.The device size is only 2mm×10mm.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to explore interrelationship between agricultural input and output in Jiangsu and the influence degrees of input factors on agricultur-al output. [Method] Quantitative analysis and evaluation w...[Objective] The aim was to explore interrelationship between agricultural input and output in Jiangsu and the influence degrees of input factors on agricultur-al output. [Method] Quantitative analysis and evaluation were made on agricultural input and output in Jiangsu during 1990-2012 as per factor analysis and regression analysis. [Result] The result of factor analysis showed that since the 1990s, the comprehensive efficiency of agricultural input/output in Jiangsu was growing and in-put/output of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, crop farming, and of food production were extracted, whose scores reflect the changes of input/output ef-ficiencies in terms of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, crop farming and food production in the two decades. The results of regression analysis indicated that the effects of the three indices on agricultural output tended to be volatile and the influence degrees were concluded also by regression parameters. [Conclusion] The research provides theoretical references for agricultural input/output structure in Jiangsu Province.展开更多
The current college English teaching is usually associated with two discouraging words—"time-consuming"and"inefficient", which badly demands some urgent solutions. On the basis of Krashen's In...The current college English teaching is usually associated with two discouraging words—"time-consuming"and"inefficient", which badly demands some urgent solutions. On the basis of Krashen's Input Hypothesis and Swain's Output Hypothesis, this paper elaborates the indispensable and critical roles respectively of input and output in language learning, and proposes a concept of balanced input and output in college English teaching. The paper also presents some personal suggestions as to how to bring the balance into teaching.展开更多
Second Language Acquisition(SLA) education in China suffers from an imbalance between language input and output.Reading and listening are the dominate methods used in the classroom,while speaking and writing are used ...Second Language Acquisition(SLA) education in China suffers from an imbalance between language input and output.Reading and listening are the dominate methods used in the classroom,while speaking and writing are used far less.This paper examines the results that are caused by this imbalanced development of comprehensible output and input.Alternative solutions are examined.The results show the limitations in students' abilities that are commonly based on the current methods of teaching.The implications are that policy makers,curriculum developers and teachers should strive to balance the amount of comprehensible input and output through various means.展开更多
In the intensity modulation and direct detection （IM/DD） multiple-input multiple-output （MIMO） optical wireless communication systems, a direct-current-biased adaptive modulation scheme is proposed to guarantee th...In the intensity modulation and direct detection （IM/DD） multiple-input multiple-output （MIMO） optical wireless communication systems, a direct-current-biased adaptive modulation scheme is proposed to guarantee the nonnegative property of transmitted signals, and the MIMO channel is converted to a parallel channel by using a singular value decomposition. Besides, a QR decomposition and successive interference cancellation based adaptive modulation scheme is proposed, and the MIMO channel can be simplified to a parallel channel under the bit error ratio （BER） target constraint. The power is optimally allocated to each sub-channel to maximize the data rate. Simulation results show that the proposed adaptive modulation schemes can effectively improve the transmission rate of the systems under the BER target and constant optical power constraints. The proposed adaptive modulation schemes make use of the multiplexing gain of the MIMO techniques, and can further improve the spectrum efficiency of optical wireless systems.展开更多
This paper aims to explore the role of intake in second language learning.Based on her literature review and the case of an English lesson in a Chinese secondary school,the author argues that L2 acquisition does not t...This paper aims to explore the role of intake in second language learning.Based on her literature review and the case of an English lesson in a Chinese secondary school,the author argues that L2 acquisition does not take place directly from input to output.In each sqecific part of L2 acquisition process,intake plays various important roles such as filtering,facilitating in comprehensible input and processing in pushed output.In the Chinese foreign language teaching context,it is also found that L2 acquisition is an arduous task for learners to extract information from the input,utilize it in forming a grammar and produce target language forms accurately and fluently.It is the same with L2 teachers who need to play their roles of a controller,a corrector,an organizer and a prompter in the learning process.展开更多
Input and output are two major terminal actions in second language acquisition.For these two actions scholars have carried out a great number of researches.Among them the most famous are Krashen’s Input Hypothesis an...Input and output are two major terminal actions in second language acquisition.For these two actions scholars have carried out a great number of researches.Among them the most famous are Krashen’s Input Hypothesis and Output Hypothesis.展开更多
Research on SLA gives highlights to English translation teaching. The second language acquisition is a cognitive process of understanding and outputting the second language by making use of strategies, which contains ...Research on SLA gives highlights to English translation teaching. The second language acquisition is a cognitive process of understanding and outputting the second language by making use of strategies, which contains language input, learners' linguistic knowledge, and language output. This paper analyzes language input and output theory and then proposes that we should stress language input by practice and interaction and at the same time focus on the role of language output in college English translation teaching.展开更多
This paper gives a report of the findings of a pilot study on task frequency effects of input-output cycles on EFL learners'oral proficiency.The results showed that the experimental group made greater progress in ...This paper gives a report of the findings of a pilot study on task frequency effects of input-output cycles on EFL learners'oral proficiency.The results showed that the experimental group made greater progress in complexity and accuracy than control groups.We may come to the conclusion that circular input-out benefits learners most.The study may give some insights for foreign language teachers to give second language learners appropriate tasks in listening and speaking classes.展开更多
The robust global stabilization problem of a class of uncertain nonlinear systems with input unmodeled dynamics is considered using output feedback, where the uncertain nonlinear terms satisfy a far more relaxed condi...The robust global stabilization problem of a class of uncertain nonlinear systems with input unmodeled dynamics is considered using output feedback, where the uncertain nonlinear terms satisfy a far more relaxed condition than the existing triangulartype condition. Under the assumption that the input unmodeled dynamics is minimum-phase and of relative degree zero, a dynamic output compensator is explicitly constructed based on the nonseparation principle. An example illustrates the usefulness of the proposed method.展开更多
基金supported by the Guangdong Pharmaceutical University 2024 Higher Education Research Projects(GKP202403,GMP202402)the Guangdong Pharmaceutical University College Students’Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Programs(Grant No.202504302033,202504302034,202504302036,and 202504302244).
文摘Background:Diabetic macular edema is a prevalent retinal condition and a leading cause of visual impairment among diabetic patients’Early detection of affected areas is beneficial for effective diagnosis and treatment.Traditionally,diagnosis relies on optical coherence tomography imaging technology interpreted by ophthalmologists.However,this manual image interpretation is often slow and subjective.Therefore,developing automated segmentation for macular edema images is essential to enhance to improve the diagnosis efficiency and accuracy.Methods:In order to improve clinical diagnostic efficiency and accuracy,we proposed a SegNet network structure integrated with a convolutional block attention module(CBAM).This network introduces a multi-scale input module,the CBAM attention mechanism,and jump connection.The multi-scale input module enhances the network’s perceptual capabilities,while the lightweight CBAM effectively fuses relevant features across channels and spatial dimensions,allowing for better learning of varying information levels.Results:Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed network achieves an IoU of 80.127%and an accuracy of 99.162%.Compared to the traditional segmentation network,this model has fewer parameters,faster training and testing speed,and superior performance on semantic segmentation tasks,indicating its highly practical applicability.Conclusion:The C-SegNet proposed in this study enables accurate segmentation of Diabetic macular edema lesion images,which facilitates quicker diagnosis for healthcare professionals.
文摘Based on the equivalent circuit model of a two-port optical receiver front-end,the relationship between the equivalent input noise current spectral density and the noise figure is analyzed. The derived relationship has universal validity for determining the equivalent input noise current spectral density for optical receiver designs, as verified by measuring a 155Mb/s high-impedance optical receiver front.end. Good agreement between calculated and simulated results has been achieved.
基金Project supported by the Creative Foundation of Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (Grant No. Z080007)partly by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program)(Grant No. 61328)
文摘This paper reports that an output window for optically pumped terahertz （THz） laser has been fabricated by depositing a capacitive nickel-mesh on a thick high-resistivity silicon substrate （approximating to 5 mm thick）. Unlike the conventional process of depositing a gold film approximating to 100 nm on negative photoresist using electron-beam evaporation, a nickel film approximating to 1.5 μm thick is directly deposited on the clean surface of dielectric substrate using magnetron sputtering and then a positive photoresist is spun onto the nickel metal surface at 6000 r for 60 s. A transmittance spectrum of the output window in a certain frequency range （say, from zero to 1 THz） has been obtained by using THz time domain spectroscopy. Moreover a transmittance spectrum simulated numerically has also been estimated with respect to the output window using the transmission-line model （TLM） containing attenuation component from dielectric substrate. The simulation results show that the TLM can explain well the experimental curve in a certain frequency range from zero to 1 THz. Thus it is demonstrated that the improved optical component can be efficiently used as both output coupler and output window for optically pumped THz lasers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61308056,11204044,11232015,and 11072271)the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(Grant Nos.20120171110005 and 20130171130003)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(Grant No.14lgpy07)the Opening Project of Science and Technology on Reliability Physics and Application Technology of Electronic Component Laboratory,China(Grant No.ZHD201203)
文摘We present a continuous-wave singly-resonant optical parametric oscillator with 1.5% output coupling of the reso- nant signal wave, based on an angle-polished MgO-doped periodically poled lithium niobate （MgO：PPLN）, pumped by a commercial Nd：YVO4 laser at 1064 nm. The output-coupled optical parametric oscillator delivers a maximum total output power of 4.19 W with 42.8% extraction efficiency, across a tuning range of 1717 nm in the near- and mid-infrared region. This indicates improvements of 1.87 W in output power, 19.1% in extraction efficiency and 213 nm in tuning range exten- sion in comparison with the optical parametric oscillator with no output coupling, while at the expense of increasing the oscillation threshold by a factor of - 2. Moreover, it is confirmed that the finite output coupling also contributes to the reduction of the thermal effects in crystal.
基金supported in part by the Zhejiang Province Science and Technology Plan Projects(No.LGG19F050001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.601705055)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LY17F050012)。
文摘We experimentally discussed the output characteristics of a passively mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser using a single-mode fiber(SMF)structure as a saturable absorber(SA)based on nonlinear optic loop mirror(NOLM).The NOLM acting as an SA has properties of controllable pulse interval and pulse width.Four different types of NOLMs are experimentally discussed and the results show that fine adjustment to the coupler ratio together with optimization of the SMF length inside the NOLM can simultaneously implement high pulse energy and pulse internal tunability.The laser configuration provides a method to generate well-performing mode-locked lasing,and the investigations of the effects of changing some parameters of the laser also provide some help for the development of mode-locked fiber laser based on NOLM.
基金Supported by the National Science Foundation of China
文摘The electromagnetic field integral equation in the quasi-optical cavity is obtained using the dyadic Green’s function. An expression is derived for the input impedance of a single microstrip patch cavity excited by a coaxial probe using moment method. The input impedance of a rectangular microstrip patch is discussed with this method. The result of this paper is similar to that of the microstrip antenna. This paper is of very important value for designing microstrip quasi-optical oscillator.
基金Supported by the Philosophy and Social Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(2010YBA012)~~
文摘[Objective] To analyze the input and output in rice cultivation based on CD function. [Method] Based on the input factors, Cobb-Douglas production （CD） function was used to do the quantitative analysis on the input-output in rice production with rice growers as the objective. [Result] Considering the substitution effect of labor in- put and capital input, under the same technical conditions, the effect of increasing labor input on the rice production in per 667 m2 was negative, based on which 2 pieces of policy suggestions were put forward to promote the transfer of surplus la- bor force of rice growers and ensure the capital supply for rice production. [Conclusion] This study laid the foundation for the realization of reasonable allocation of rice production resources.
文摘A 1×8 multimode interference power splitter with multimode input/output waveguides in SOI material is designed by the beam propagation method and fabricated by the inductive coupled plasma etching technology for use in fiber optics communication systems.The fabricated device exhibits low loss and good coupling uniformity.The excess loss is lower than 0 8dB,and the uniformity is 0 45dB at the wavelength of 1550nm.Moreover,the polarization dependent loss is lower than 0 7dB at 1550nm.The device size is only 2mm×10mm.
文摘[Objective] The aim was to explore interrelationship between agricultural input and output in Jiangsu and the influence degrees of input factors on agricultur-al output. [Method] Quantitative analysis and evaluation were made on agricultural input and output in Jiangsu during 1990-2012 as per factor analysis and regression analysis. [Result] The result of factor analysis showed that since the 1990s, the comprehensive efficiency of agricultural input/output in Jiangsu was growing and in-put/output of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, crop farming, and of food production were extracted, whose scores reflect the changes of input/output ef-ficiencies in terms of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, crop farming and food production in the two decades. The results of regression analysis indicated that the effects of the three indices on agricultural output tended to be volatile and the influence degrees were concluded also by regression parameters. [Conclusion] The research provides theoretical references for agricultural input/output structure in Jiangsu Province.
文摘The current college English teaching is usually associated with two discouraging words—"time-consuming"and"inefficient", which badly demands some urgent solutions. On the basis of Krashen's Input Hypothesis and Swain's Output Hypothesis, this paper elaborates the indispensable and critical roles respectively of input and output in language learning, and proposes a concept of balanced input and output in college English teaching. The paper also presents some personal suggestions as to how to bring the balance into teaching.
文摘Second Language Acquisition(SLA) education in China suffers from an imbalance between language input and output.Reading and listening are the dominate methods used in the classroom,while speaking and writing are used far less.This paper examines the results that are caused by this imbalanced development of comprehensible output and input.Alternative solutions are examined.The results show the limitations in students' abilities that are commonly based on the current methods of teaching.The implications are that policy makers,curriculum developers and teachers should strive to balance the amount of comprehensible input and output through various means.
基金The National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(No.2013AA013601)the National Science and Technology M ajor Project of China(No.2015ZX03004009)
文摘In the intensity modulation and direct detection （IM/DD） multiple-input multiple-output （MIMO） optical wireless communication systems, a direct-current-biased adaptive modulation scheme is proposed to guarantee the nonnegative property of transmitted signals, and the MIMO channel is converted to a parallel channel by using a singular value decomposition. Besides, a QR decomposition and successive interference cancellation based adaptive modulation scheme is proposed, and the MIMO channel can be simplified to a parallel channel under the bit error ratio （BER） target constraint. The power is optimally allocated to each sub-channel to maximize the data rate. Simulation results show that the proposed adaptive modulation schemes can effectively improve the transmission rate of the systems under the BER target and constant optical power constraints. The proposed adaptive modulation schemes make use of the multiplexing gain of the MIMO techniques, and can further improve the spectrum efficiency of optical wireless systems.
文摘This paper aims to explore the role of intake in second language learning.Based on her literature review and the case of an English lesson in a Chinese secondary school,the author argues that L2 acquisition does not take place directly from input to output.In each sqecific part of L2 acquisition process,intake plays various important roles such as filtering,facilitating in comprehensible input and processing in pushed output.In the Chinese foreign language teaching context,it is also found that L2 acquisition is an arduous task for learners to extract information from the input,utilize it in forming a grammar and produce target language forms accurately and fluently.It is the same with L2 teachers who need to play their roles of a controller,a corrector,an organizer and a prompter in the learning process.
文摘Input and output are two major terminal actions in second language acquisition.For these two actions scholars have carried out a great number of researches.Among them the most famous are Krashen’s Input Hypothesis and Output Hypothesis.
文摘Research on SLA gives highlights to English translation teaching. The second language acquisition is a cognitive process of understanding and outputting the second language by making use of strategies, which contains language input, learners' linguistic knowledge, and language output. This paper analyzes language input and output theory and then proposes that we should stress language input by practice and interaction and at the same time focus on the role of language output in college English translation teaching.
文摘This paper gives a report of the findings of a pilot study on task frequency effects of input-output cycles on EFL learners'oral proficiency.The results showed that the experimental group made greater progress in complexity and accuracy than control groups.We may come to the conclusion that circular input-out benefits learners most.The study may give some insights for foreign language teachers to give second language learners appropriate tasks in listening and speaking classes.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60710002)Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University
文摘The robust global stabilization problem of a class of uncertain nonlinear systems with input unmodeled dynamics is considered using output feedback, where the uncertain nonlinear terms satisfy a far more relaxed condition than the existing triangulartype condition. Under the assumption that the input unmodeled dynamics is minimum-phase and of relative degree zero, a dynamic output compensator is explicitly constructed based on the nonseparation principle. An example illustrates the usefulness of the proposed method.
