Macular pigment(MP)is a crucial pigment in the macular region.It plays an important role in filtering blue light,and exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.Macular pigment optical density(MPOD)is a key ...Macular pigment(MP)is a crucial pigment in the macular region.It plays an important role in filtering blue light,and exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.Macular pigment optical density(MPOD)is a key indicator for assessing the density of MP in the macular area and is closely associated with eye diseases,including age-related macular degeneration,diabetic retinopathy,and glaucoma.This review aims to explore the clinical significance of MPOD and its research value in ophthalmology and other medical fields.It summarizes the current MPOD measurement techniques,categorizing them into two main types(in vivo and in vitro),and discusses their respective advantages and limitations.Additionally,given the advancements in artificial intelligence(AI)and deep-learning technologies that offer new opportunities for improving MPOD assessment,this review analyzes the significant potential and future prospects of AI-based fundus image analysis in MPOD measurement.The goal of AI-based analysis is to provide faster and more accurate detection methods,thereby promoting further research and new clinical applications of MPOD in the field of ophthalmology.展开更多
AIM：To detect the association between macular pigment optical density（MPOD）,which reflects the antioxidant ability of retina,and diabetic retinopathy（DR）and to investigate the correlated factors of MPOD.METHODS：...AIM：To detect the association between macular pigment optical density（MPOD）,which reflects the antioxidant ability of retina,and diabetic retinopathy（DR）and to investigate the correlated factors of MPOD.METHODS： Totally 435 subjects of urban Chinese were recruited to the study and divided into 3 groups： non-diabetes mellitus controls（NDM）,diabetic patients without retinopathy（DWR）,and patients with early stage of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy（DR）.Demographic and lifestyle characteristics were ascertained by questionnaire.A food-frequency questionnaire,general physical and ophthalmic examinations were completed for all participants.MPOD was measured by heterochromatic flicker photometry.Foveal thickness was measured by optical coherence tomography.The difference of MPOD among 3 groups was analyzed by analysis of covariance.The correlation analyses of MPOD with the candidate influence factors were assessed using the generalized estimating equations（GEE） model.RESULTS： Of the 435 participants,34 could not perform the MPOD measurements.Final analysis included 401 subjects,including 48 were in DR group,134 in DWR group,and 219 in NDM group.MPOD was not significantly different among DR（0.49 ±0.21）,DWR（0.45 ±0.21）,and NDM（0.49±0.17） groups（P=0.24） after adjustment for fasting plasma glycemia,central foveal thickness,green vegetables,Chinese wolfberry,carotene and vitamin E.For all the 401 participants included,MPOD was positively associated with central foveal thickness（E=0.0007,P=0.001）,Chinese wolfberry（E=0.0345,P=0.01）,and green vegetables（E=0.0596,P〈0.001） intake.CONCLUSION： The data suggest that MPOD level is not statistically significantly influenced by the onset of diabetes or early stage of DR in the studied population.MPOD level is positively associated with thicker central foveal thickness and higher intake of foods containing carotenoids.展开更多
AIMTo measure the macular pigment optical density (MPOD) in healthy Chinese people and patients with early age-related macular degeneration (AMD).METHODSCross-sectional population based study. Demographic and lifestyl...AIMTo measure the macular pigment optical density (MPOD) in healthy Chinese people and patients with early age-related macular degeneration (AMD).METHODSCross-sectional population based study. Demographic and lifestyle characteristics were ascertained by questionnaire. A food frequency questionnaire was completed for all participants. Participants underwent general physical and ophthalmic examinations and MPOD was measured by heterochromatic flicker photometry. Foveal architecture was measured by optical coherence tomography.RESULTSMPOD of 225 participants (122 healthy and 103 early AMD) was 0.48±0.18. Patients with early AMD (0.52±0.19) tended to have higher MPOD levels than healthy people (0.47±0.17), but the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.06). Participants with carrot or corn oil intake every week tended to have higher levels of MPOD (P=0.002 and 0.008 respectively) while those with corn intake had relatively lower level of MPOD (P=0.01). MPOD increased with the center foveal thickness (P=0.01).CONCLUSIONOur findings show that there is no statistically significant association between MPOD and early AMD in the studied population. MPOD is related to center foveal thickness and diets would influence MPOD levels.展开更多
Apiotherapy has been applied by Georgian people since time immemorial. Treatment with bee products in Georgia has been described in popular writings. Among bee products, honey and propolis are of most particular inter...Apiotherapy has been applied by Georgian people since time immemorial. Treatment with bee products in Georgia has been described in popular writings. Among bee products, honey and propolis are of most particular interest. Propolis is characterized by antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic and analgesic properties. We have studied relationship between optical density and antimicrobial properties. Almost all samples of Georgian propolis are characterized by high optical density and antimicrobial activity. Studies have discovered that optical density was high in the samples of spring season. The maximal absorption values have been observed at a wavelength of 290-310 nm that is characteristic of flavonoids. Also, the sample with a relatively low optical density （Baghdati district） has exhibited antimicrobial activity that is conditioned not by polyphenols, but flavonoids.展开更多
Optical density(OD)is an important indicator of microbial density,and a commonly used variable in growth curves to express the growth of microbial culture.However,OD values show a linear relationship with bacterial co...Optical density(OD)is an important indicator of microbial density,and a commonly used variable in growth curves to express the growth of microbial culture.However,OD values show a linear relationship with bacterial concentration only at low concentrations.When the cell density is high,the relationship loses linearity,and serial dilution is needed to obtain readings of better accuracy.Here,we show that measuring OD values using shorter light paths is in close equivalence to measuring OD values of the cell culture with corresponding dilution.By measuring three different light paths simultaneously,accurate OD values can be easily obtained from low to high cell density.Using this method,growth curves of Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,and Pichia pastoris are measured with higher accuracy.To further simplify the process,an L‐shaped cuvette and a corresponding turbidimeter are designed specifically for OD value measurement based on the multi‐light path transmission method.展开更多
The state of the vitreo-retinal interface affects various retinal diseases, and the presence or absence of a posterior vitreous detachment （PVD） is one of the most important factors. As such, various studies studyin...The state of the vitreo-retinal interface affects various retinal diseases, and the presence or absence of a posterior vitreous detachment （PVD） is one of the most important factors. As such, various studies studying PVD in relation to retinal disease have been performed.展开更多
The local density of optical states(LDOS)is an important physical concept,which can characterize the spontaneous emission of microcavities.In order to calculate the LDOS,the relationship between the mode spectrum and ...The local density of optical states(LDOS)is an important physical concept,which can characterize the spontaneous emission of microcavities.In order to calculate the LDOS,the relationship between the mode spectrum and the LDOS is established.Then,based on the transfer matrix method and the effective resonator model,the leaky loss of the leaky mode and the mode spectrum in the one-dimensional photonic bandgap crystal waveguide are calculated,results of which indicate that the mode spectrum can characterize the leaky loss of the leaky mode.At last,the density of optical states(DOS),and the LDOS in each layer are calculated.The partial DOS and the partial LDOS in the quantum well,related to the fundamental leaky mode,can be used to find out the optimal location of the quantum well in the defect layer to couple more useful photons into the lasing mode for lasers.展开更多
The densities of the selected quaternary CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 slag with low silica were measured by the Archimedean method in a wide temperature range from 1773 to 1 873 K. Nine different slag compositions were chosen b...The densities of the selected quaternary CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 slag with low silica were measured by the Archimedean method in a wide temperature range from 1773 to 1 873 K. Nine different slag compositions were chosen based on three diffel：ent levels of CaO content and three different levels of SiO2 content. WM,O was equal to 7. 0%. Wcao were varied from 40.04% to 50.64%, for wsO2 =10.25%-20. 70%. The effects of temperature, SiOz content and optical basicity were studied. It is shown that density decreases approximately linearly with an increase in temperature. Under the same CaO content, the density decreases with increasing of SiOz content, and increases with optical basicity increasing. Based on the experimental data as the boundary of the homogenous phase region predicated by FACTSAGE software, the mass triangle model is used to calculate the density of selected limited homogenous phase region. The results showed that the mass triangle model works well.展开更多
We perform an experimental study of two-dimensional（2D） electron density profiles of the laser-induced plasma plumes in air by ordinarily laboratorial interferometry. The electron density distributions measured show...We perform an experimental study of two-dimensional（2D） electron density profiles of the laser-induced plasma plumes in air by ordinarily laboratorial interferometry. The electron density distributions measured show a feature of hollow core. To illustrate the feature, we present a theoretical investigation by using dynamics analysis. In the simulation, the propagation of laser pulse with the evolution of electron density is utilized to evaluate ionization of air target for the plasma-formation stage. In the plasma-expansion stage, a simple adiabatic fluid dynamics is used to calculate the evolution of plasma outward expansion. The simulations show good agreements with experimental results, and demonstrate an effective way of determining 2D density profiles of the laser-induced plasma plume in gas.展开更多
TeO_x thin films were prepared by vacuum evaporation of TeO_2 powder. Structural characteristic and surface mor-phology of the as-deposited films was analyzed by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission el...TeO_x thin films were prepared by vacuum evaporation of TeO_2 powder. Structural characteristic and surface mor-phology of the as-deposited films was analyzed by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometer and atomic force microscopy. It was found that the films represented a two component system comprising Te particies dispersed in an amorphous TeO2 matrix. The dispersed Te particies were in a crystalline state. The TeOx films showed a finely granular structure and a rough surface. Results of the statie recording test showed that the TeO_x films had good writing sensitivity for short-wavelength laser beam (514.5 nm). Primary results of the dynamic test at 514.5 nm were also reported. The TeO_x films were suitable for using as a blue-green wavelength high density optical storage medium.展开更多
Structural, electronic, and optical properties of alloys BexMgl-xX （X = S, Se, Te） in the assortment 0 〈 x 〈 1 were theoretically reported for the first time in zinc-blende （ZB） phase. The calculations were carr...Structural, electronic, and optical properties of alloys BexMgl-xX （X = S, Se, Te） in the assortment 0 〈 x 〈 1 were theoretically reported for the first time in zinc-blende （ZB） phase. The calculations were carried out by using full-potential linearized augmented plane wave plus local orbitals （FP-LAPW＋lo） formalism contained by the framework of density functional theory （DFT）. Wu--Cohen （WC） generalized gradient approximation （GGA）, based on optimization energy, has been applied to calculate these theoretical results. In addition, we used Becke and Johnson （mBJ-GGA） potential, modified form of GGA functional, to calculate electronic structural properties up to a high precision degree. The alloys were composed with the concentrations x = 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 in pursuance of ＇special quasi-random structures＇ （SQS） approach of Zunger for the restoration of disorder around the observed site of alloys in the first few shells. The structural parameters have been predicted by minimizing the total energy in correspondence of unit cell volume. Our alloys established direct band gap at different concentrations that make their importance in optically active materials. Furthermore, density of states was discussed in terms of the contribution of Be and Mg s and chalcogen （S, Se, and Te） s and p states and observed charge density helped us to investigate the bonding nature. By taking into consideration of immense importance in optoelectronics of these materials, the complex dielectric function was calculated for incident photon energy in the range 0--15 eV.展开更多
The first-principles calculations have been performed to determine the effects of Te doping to the structural, electronic, and optical properties of Ga As NWs. The calculated formation energies show that the single Te...The first-principles calculations have been performed to determine the effects of Te doping to the structural, electronic, and optical properties of Ga As NWs. The calculated formation energies show that the single Te energetically prefers to substitute the core Ga（Ef = 0.4111 eV） under As-rich conditions of Ga As nanowires, while on surface, the single Te tends to substitute the surface As site. With increasing the Te concentration, the favorable substitution sites are 2Te–Ga–A and 3Te–Ga–D. Thus, the stability of the structure of the electronic structure and optical properties are discussed.展开更多
We present structural,magnetic and optical characteristics of Zn_（1-x）TM_xTe（TM = Mn,Fe,Co,Ni and x = 6.25%）,calculated through Wien2 k code,by using full potential linearized augmented plane wave（FP-LAPW） techn...We present structural,magnetic and optical characteristics of Zn_（1-x）TM_xTe（TM = Mn,Fe,Co,Ni and x = 6.25%）,calculated through Wien2 k code,by using full potential linearized augmented plane wave（FP-LAPW） technique.The optimization of the crystal structures have been done to compare the ferromagnetic（FM） and antiferromagnetic（AFM） ground state energies,to elucidate the ferromagnetic phase stability,which further has been verified through the formation and cohesive energies.Moreover,the estimated Curie temperatures T_c have demonstrated above room temperature ferromagnetism（RTFM） in Zn_（1-x）TM_xTe（TM =Mn,Fe,Co,Ni and x= 6.25%）.The calculated electronic properties have depicted that Mn- and Co-doped ZnTe behave as ferromagnetic semiconductors,while half-metallic ferromagnetic behaviors are observed in Fe- and Ni-doped ZnTe.The presence of ferromagnetism is also demonstrated to be due to both the p-d and s-d hybridizations between the host lattice cations and TM impurities.The calculated band gaps and static real dielectric constants have been observed to vary according to Penn＇s model.The evaluated band gaps lie in near visible and ultraviolet regions,which make these materials suitable for various important device applications in optoelectronic and spintronic.展开更多
In recmt years,depresion has emerged ss a significant gbbal health cotcern,prompting many individuals to seek pharmacoogical interventions.The identification of inflammatory changes in the hippocampns of depressed pat...In recmt years,depresion has emerged ss a significant gbbal health cotcern,prompting many individuals to seek pharmacoogical interventions.The identification of inflammatory changes in the hippocampns of depressed patients has highlighted a potential therapeutic target.Never-thelo,the effectiveness of medicntions targeting these specific alterntions has yrt to be fully substantinted.Prediminary remrch has suggusted the potentisl bemefits of photobiomodulation(PBM)as a trestment fot deptession,with no significant adetse eflects reported.This study utiliæd nesr-infrared light at intensities of 50 mW/cmend 300 mW/cm"to illuminate mice with chronic mild strea(CMS)-induced depresion model,aiming to explorethe therapeutik effects of PBM an depresion.The findings revealed that when exposedto a power denstty af 300 m W/cm?,the mice exhibited enhanæd behavioral outcomes,aскоmpanied by deressed levels of inflam-matory eytokines such as Il-1a,11-13,11-5,and'I-6 in the hippocampus.A notewarthy ae-socistion was observed between behavioral manifestations and inflammatory cytokine kvels.This study poits that PBM at an intensity of 300mW/cm is a viable nonpharmacological intervention for depression,as it demonstrntes a notable enhanoment in deprasive symptoms and the regulation of inflammatory medistors within the hippocятpal region of the brain.However,this study is constrained by the particular PBM parameters employed;therefore,additional resesrch is neceary to investigate a broader spectrum af doees and trestment durations in order to enhan the therapeutic application and deepen the understanding of the underlying mechanisma.展开更多
The forming-regions of phosphate glasses doped with high Sm2O3 contents were studied by two step melting method. The relationship between absorption spectrum and rare earth contents was also discussed. The spectra of ...The forming-regions of phosphate glasses doped with high Sm2O3 contents were studied by two step melting method. The relationship between absorption spectrum and rare earth contents was also discussed. The spectra of BASP glasses were measured by spectrophotometer. The results show that the forming regions will shrink with the increase of Al2O3 and it is difficult to form glass when [PO4]/[AlO4] < 2. The forming regions tend to be a closed elliptical, and the intensity of characteristic absorption peak increases gradually with the increase of Sm2O3, the absorption lines broadens non-uniformly and there is approximate linear relation between optical density at the 1064 nm wavelength and Sm2O3 content.展开更多
The formation of mineral scale is a complex problem during the oilfield operations. Scale inhibitors are widely used to prevent salt precipitation within reservoirs, in downhole equipment, and in production facilities...The formation of mineral scale is a complex problem during the oilfield operations. Scale inhibitors are widely used to prevent salt precipitation within reservoirs, in downhole equipment, and in production facilities. The scale inhibitors not only must have high effectiveness to prevent scale formation, but also have good adsorption- desorption characteristics, which determine the operation duration of the scale inhibitors. This work is focused on the development of a new scale inhibitor for preventing cal- cium carbonate formation in three different synthetic for- mation waters. Scale inhibition efficiency, optical density of the solution, induction time of calcium carbonate for- mation, corrosion activity, and adsorption-desorption ability were investigated for the developed scale inhibitor. The optimum concentration of hydrochloric acid in the inhibitor was determined by surface tension measurement on the boundary layer between oil and the aqueous scale inhibitor solution. The results show that the optimum mass percentage of 5 % hydrochloric acid solution in the inhi- bitor was in the range of 8 % to 10 %. The new scale inhibitor had high efficiency at a concentration of 30 mg/L. The results indicate that the induction period for calcium carbonate nucleation in the presence of the new inhibitor was about 3.5 times longer than the value in the absence of the inhibitors. During the desorption process at reservoir conditions, the number of pore volumes injected into the carbonate core for the developed inhibitor was significantly greater than the volume of a tested industrial inhibitor, showing better adsorption/desorption capacity.展开更多
Harmful algae bloom constitutes a major problem facing water bodies particularly fresh and marine water system. <i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i> represents a major causative organism found in the water. Light...Harmful algae bloom constitutes a major problem facing water bodies particularly fresh and marine water system. <i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i> represents a major causative organism found in the water. Light plays a major role in the growth and variation of <i>M. aeruginosa</i> in water. What is still inadequate, is the data on the effects of different light conditions on the growth of <i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i>. In this study, two strains of <i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i> PCC 7806 (toxic strain) and PCC 7005 (non-toxic strain) were exposed to varying light intensities at 0, 30, 60, 120, 300, 350 μMol photon m<sup>-2</sup>·S<sup>-1</sup> to measure their growth and pigmentation. This study observed similarities in growth and pigmentation between toxic strain (PCC 7806) and non-toxic (PCC 7005) strain. Also, at short exposure to light, Toxic strain was seen to be better tolerant of light than non-toxic strain, with non-toxic strain showing better ability to recover from light stress after twenty days of culture. These findings suggest that Toxic strain (PCC 7806) and Non-toxic strain (PCC 7005) of <i>M. aeruginosa</i> respond similarly with respect to growth but differ in their light retention capacity over time and this could be useful in predicting the possible conditions of algal bloom.展开更多
Computer to conventional plate （CTCP） technology is getting more and more attention in printing industries. In this paper we report a nitrogen plasma light source generated in hollow cathode discharge （HCD）, Which...Computer to conventional plate （CTCP） technology is getting more and more attention in printing industries. In this paper we report a nitrogen plasma light source generated in hollow cathode discharge （HCD）, Which is used for pre-sensitivity （PS） plate exposure. The N2 molecule emits abundant spectrum ranging from 350 nm to 460 nm. With the voltage of 580 V, current of 1.8 A and pressure of 70 Pa in the discharge an optical power density of 0.46 mW/cm2 is obtained. The optical power density could be further increased with optimizing the lens system. The phototonus efficiency of this source is discussed in detail based upon the chemical principle and the FTIR analysis on the coating material.展开更多
Optical interconnects based on photonic integrated circuits(PICs)are emerging as a pivotal technology to address the relentless surge in data traffic driven by compute-intensive applications.Combining mode-division mu...Optical interconnects based on photonic integrated circuits(PICs)are emerging as a pivotal technology to address the relentless surge in data traffic driven by compute-intensive applications.Combining mode-division multiplexing(MDM)with wavelength-division multiplexing(WDM)offers a compelling approach to significantly enhance the shoreline density of optical interconnects.However,existing on-chip MDM systems encounter considerable challenges in simultaneously achieving a large optical bandwidth,multi-band operation,and ultra-compactness,thereby limiting scalability as conventional telecom band resources become increasingly constrained.Here we introduce,to our knowledge,the first inverse-designed multi-band mode multiplexer(MUX)utilizing a digital metamaterial structure to support the first three-order TE modes.The proposed device features an ultra-compact footprint of 6μm×4.8μm and exhibits an exceptionally flat spectral response,with numerical simulations confirming spectral variations of less than 0.94 dB across the 1500–2100 nm range.Experimental results further validate its performance,demonstrating insertion losses below 4.3 dB and 4.0 dB,and crosstalk below−11.6 dB and−11.3 dB,within the 1525–1585 nm and 1940–2040 nm bands,respectively.Additionally,system-level optical interconnect experiments using a multi-band MDM circuit successfully achieve single-wavelength transmission rates of 3-modes×180 Gb∕s at the 1.55μm band and record-setting 3-modes×114 Gb∕s in the 2μm band.This work highlights the transformative potential of employing multi-band MDM technology to enhance bandwidth density and scalability,providing a robust foundation for next-generation high-capacity on-chip optical interconnects.展开更多
We studied the biological effects of different magnetic fields. Identified bacterial strain Escherichia coli （type I） has been exposed to the dipolar magnetic field force （400, 800, 1200 and 1600 Gausses） which pr...We studied the biological effects of different magnetic fields. Identified bacterial strain Escherichia coli （type I） has been exposed to the dipolar magnetic field force （400, 800, 1200 and 1600 Gausses） which prepared locally with incubation for different period times （24, 48 and 72 hrs） at 37℃. The effects were evaluated by optical density （OD） at 600 nm determining their growth density incorporation with negative control and depending of McFarland turbidity standard （0.5）, in addition to its susceptibility to various antibiotics. Results illustrate different forces of magnetic field decreased the growth rate of E. coli in particular at 24 hrs incubation comparing with unexposed or control samples. The magnetic field increased the logarithmic phase within 4-6 hrs of treatment but decreased after 16 to 18 hrs. Furthermore, changes in the antibiotic sensitivity were observed after exposure period of 6 hrs since E. coli cells became more sensitive to certain antibiotics. While after a 16 hrs exposure period, it became more resistant to the same antibiotics comparing with control groups.展开更多
基金Supported by Ganzhou Science and Technology Bureau“Science and Technology+Healthcare”Leading Talent Project(No.GZ2024YLJ020)Jiangxi Provincial Department of Science and Technology Key Research and Development Plan Projects(No.20203BBGL73133)Jiangxi Province“ShuangQian Plan”Innovation Talents Project(No.S2021CQKJ2297).
文摘Macular pigment(MP)is a crucial pigment in the macular region.It plays an important role in filtering blue light,and exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.Macular pigment optical density(MPOD)is a key indicator for assessing the density of MP in the macular area and is closely associated with eye diseases,including age-related macular degeneration,diabetic retinopathy,and glaucoma.This review aims to explore the clinical significance of MPOD and its research value in ophthalmology and other medical fields.It summarizes the current MPOD measurement techniques,categorizing them into two main types(in vivo and in vitro),and discusses their respective advantages and limitations.Additionally,given the advancements in artificial intelligence(AI)and deep-learning technologies that offer new opportunities for improving MPOD assessment,this review analyzes the significant potential and future prospects of AI-based fundus image analysis in MPOD measurement.The goal of AI-based analysis is to provide faster and more accurate detection methods,thereby promoting further research and new clinical applications of MPOD in the field of ophthalmology.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81070734)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.7131007)Beijing Education Commission(No.KZ201110025028)
文摘AIM：To detect the association between macular pigment optical density（MPOD）,which reflects the antioxidant ability of retina,and diabetic retinopathy（DR）and to investigate the correlated factors of MPOD.METHODS： Totally 435 subjects of urban Chinese were recruited to the study and divided into 3 groups： non-diabetes mellitus controls（NDM）,diabetic patients without retinopathy（DWR）,and patients with early stage of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy（DR）.Demographic and lifestyle characteristics were ascertained by questionnaire.A food-frequency questionnaire,general physical and ophthalmic examinations were completed for all participants.MPOD was measured by heterochromatic flicker photometry.Foveal thickness was measured by optical coherence tomography.The difference of MPOD among 3 groups was analyzed by analysis of covariance.The correlation analyses of MPOD with the candidate influence factors were assessed using the generalized estimating equations（GEE） model.RESULTS： Of the 435 participants,34 could not perform the MPOD measurements.Final analysis included 401 subjects,including 48 were in DR group,134 in DWR group,and 219 in NDM group.MPOD was not significantly different among DR（0.49 ±0.21）,DWR（0.45 ±0.21）,and NDM（0.49±0.17） groups（P=0.24） after adjustment for fasting plasma glycemia,central foveal thickness,green vegetables,Chinese wolfberry,carotene and vitamin E.For all the 401 participants included,MPOD was positively associated with central foveal thickness（E=0.0007,P=0.001）,Chinese wolfberry（E=0.0345,P=0.01）,and green vegetables（E=0.0596,P〈0.001） intake.CONCLUSION： The data suggest that MPOD level is not statistically significantly influenced by the onset of diabetes or early stage of DR in the studied population.MPOD level is positively associated with thicker central foveal thickness and higher intake of foods containing carotenoids.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81070734)National Key Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, No.2007CB512201)
文摘AIMTo measure the macular pigment optical density (MPOD) in healthy Chinese people and patients with early age-related macular degeneration (AMD).METHODSCross-sectional population based study. Demographic and lifestyle characteristics were ascertained by questionnaire. A food frequency questionnaire was completed for all participants. Participants underwent general physical and ophthalmic examinations and MPOD was measured by heterochromatic flicker photometry. Foveal architecture was measured by optical coherence tomography.RESULTSMPOD of 225 participants (122 healthy and 103 early AMD) was 0.48±0.18. Patients with early AMD (0.52±0.19) tended to have higher MPOD levels than healthy people (0.47±0.17), but the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.06). Participants with carrot or corn oil intake every week tended to have higher levels of MPOD (P=0.002 and 0.008 respectively) while those with corn intake had relatively lower level of MPOD (P=0.01). MPOD increased with the center foveal thickness (P=0.01).CONCLUSIONOur findings show that there is no statistically significant association between MPOD and early AMD in the studied population. MPOD is related to center foveal thickness and diets would influence MPOD levels.
文摘Apiotherapy has been applied by Georgian people since time immemorial. Treatment with bee products in Georgia has been described in popular writings. Among bee products, honey and propolis are of most particular interest. Propolis is characterized by antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic and analgesic properties. We have studied relationship between optical density and antimicrobial properties. Almost all samples of Georgian propolis are characterized by high optical density and antimicrobial activity. Studies have discovered that optical density was high in the samples of spring season. The maximal absorption values have been observed at a wavelength of 290-310 nm that is characteristic of flavonoids. Also, the sample with a relatively low optical density （Baghdati district） has exhibited antimicrobial activity that is conditioned not by polyphenols, but flavonoids.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270042 and 32201446)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2021QC032)the Taishan Scholars Program.
文摘Optical density(OD)is an important indicator of microbial density,and a commonly used variable in growth curves to express the growth of microbial culture.However,OD values show a linear relationship with bacterial concentration only at low concentrations.When the cell density is high,the relationship loses linearity,and serial dilution is needed to obtain readings of better accuracy.Here,we show that measuring OD values using shorter light paths is in close equivalence to measuring OD values of the cell culture with corresponding dilution.By measuring three different light paths simultaneously,accurate OD values can be easily obtained from low to high cell density.Using this method,growth curves of Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,and Pichia pastoris are measured with higher accuracy.To further simplify the process,an L‐shaped cuvette and a corresponding turbidimeter are designed specifically for OD value measurement based on the multi‐light path transmission method.
文摘The state of the vitreo-retinal interface affects various retinal diseases, and the presence or absence of a posterior vitreous detachment （PVD） is one of the most important factors. As such, various studies studying PVD in relation to retinal disease have been performed.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2021YFA1400604 and 2021YFB2801400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.91850206,62075213,62135001,and 62205328)。
文摘The local density of optical states(LDOS)is an important physical concept,which can characterize the spontaneous emission of microcavities.In order to calculate the LDOS,the relationship between the mode spectrum and the LDOS is established.Then,based on the transfer matrix method and the effective resonator model,the leaky loss of the leaky mode and the mode spectrum in the one-dimensional photonic bandgap crystal waveguide are calculated,results of which indicate that the mode spectrum can characterize the leaky loss of the leaky mode.At last,the density of optical states(DOS),and the LDOS in each layer are calculated.The partial DOS and the partial LDOS in the quantum well,related to the fundamental leaky mode,can be used to find out the optimal location of the quantum well in the defect layer to couple more useful photons into the lasing mode for lasers.
基金Item Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China(50874072)Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University of China(IRT0739)
文摘The densities of the selected quaternary CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 slag with low silica were measured by the Archimedean method in a wide temperature range from 1773 to 1 873 K. Nine different slag compositions were chosen based on three diffel：ent levels of CaO content and three different levels of SiO2 content. WM,O was equal to 7. 0%. Wcao were varied from 40.04% to 50.64%, for wsO2 =10.25%-20. 70%. The effects of temperature, SiOz content and optical basicity were studied. It is shown that density decreases approximately linearly with an increase in temperature. Under the same CaO content, the density decreases with increasing of SiOz content, and increases with optical basicity increasing. Based on the experimental data as the boundary of the homogenous phase region predicated by FACTSAGE software, the mass triangle model is used to calculate the density of selected limited homogenous phase region. The results showed that the mass triangle model works well.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11264036,11465016 and 11364038)
文摘We perform an experimental study of two-dimensional（2D） electron density profiles of the laser-induced plasma plumes in air by ordinarily laboratorial interferometry. The electron density distributions measured show a feature of hollow core. To illustrate the feature, we present a theoretical investigation by using dynamics analysis. In the simulation, the propagation of laser pulse with the evolution of electron density is utilized to evaluate ionization of air target for the plasma-formation stage. In the plasma-expansion stage, a simple adiabatic fluid dynamics is used to calculate the evolution of plasma outward expansion. The simulations show good agreements with experimental results, and demonstrate an effective way of determining 2D density profiles of the laser-induced plasma plume in gas.
基金.This work was supported by the Key National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.59832060).
文摘TeO_x thin films were prepared by vacuum evaporation of TeO_2 powder. Structural characteristic and surface mor-phology of the as-deposited films was analyzed by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometer and atomic force microscopy. It was found that the films represented a two component system comprising Te particies dispersed in an amorphous TeO2 matrix. The dispersed Te particies were in a crystalline state. The TeOx films showed a finely granular structure and a rough surface. Results of the statie recording test showed that the TeO_x films had good writing sensitivity for short-wavelength laser beam (514.5 nm). Primary results of the dynamic test at 514.5 nm were also reported. The TeO_x films were suitable for using as a blue-green wavelength high density optical storage medium.
基金the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University for funding this Research group No.RG 1435-004
文摘Structural, electronic, and optical properties of alloys BexMgl-xX （X = S, Se, Te） in the assortment 0 〈 x 〈 1 were theoretically reported for the first time in zinc-blende （ZB） phase. The calculations were carried out by using full-potential linearized augmented plane wave plus local orbitals （FP-LAPW＋lo） formalism contained by the framework of density functional theory （DFT）. Wu--Cohen （WC） generalized gradient approximation （GGA）, based on optimization energy, has been applied to calculate these theoretical results. In addition, we used Becke and Johnson （mBJ-GGA） potential, modified form of GGA functional, to calculate electronic structural properties up to a high precision degree. The alloys were composed with the concentrations x = 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 in pursuance of ＇special quasi-random structures＇ （SQS） approach of Zunger for the restoration of disorder around the observed site of alloys in the first few shells. The structural parameters have been predicted by minimizing the total energy in correspondence of unit cell volume. Our alloys established direct band gap at different concentrations that make their importance in optically active materials. Furthermore, density of states was discussed in terms of the contribution of Be and Mg s and chalcogen （S, Se, and Te） s and p states and observed charge density helped us to investigate the bonding nature. By taking into consideration of immense importance in optoelectronics of these materials, the complex dielectric function was calculated for incident photon energy in the range 0--15 eV.
基金supported by the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications(Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,China,No.2012LF1003)the Research Foundation of Education Bureau of Sichuan Province(No.16ZA0316)
文摘The first-principles calculations have been performed to determine the effects of Te doping to the structural, electronic, and optical properties of Ga As NWs. The calculated formation energies show that the single Te energetically prefers to substitute the core Ga（Ef = 0.4111 eV） under As-rich conditions of Ga As nanowires, while on surface, the single Te tends to substitute the surface As site. With increasing the Te concentration, the favorable substitution sites are 2Te–Ga–A and 3Te–Ga–D. Thus, the stability of the structure of the electronic structure and optical properties are discussed.
基金the University of the Punjab, Lahore for financial support through faculty research grant program
文摘We present structural,magnetic and optical characteristics of Zn_（1-x）TM_xTe（TM = Mn,Fe,Co,Ni and x = 6.25%）,calculated through Wien2 k code,by using full potential linearized augmented plane wave（FP-LAPW） technique.The optimization of the crystal structures have been done to compare the ferromagnetic（FM） and antiferromagnetic（AFM） ground state energies,to elucidate the ferromagnetic phase stability,which further has been verified through the formation and cohesive energies.Moreover,the estimated Curie temperatures T_c have demonstrated above room temperature ferromagnetism（RTFM） in Zn_（1-x）TM_xTe（TM =Mn,Fe,Co,Ni and x= 6.25%）.The calculated electronic properties have depicted that Mn- and Co-doped ZnTe behave as ferromagnetic semiconductors,while half-metallic ferromagnetic behaviors are observed in Fe- and Ni-doped ZnTe.The presence of ferromagnetism is also demonstrated to be due to both the p-d and s-d hybridizations between the host lattice cations and TM impurities.The calculated band gaps and static real dielectric constants have been observed to vary according to Penn＇s model.The evaluated band gaps lie in near visible and ultraviolet regions,which make these materials suitable for various important device applications in optoelectronic and spintronic.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81927804),horizontal projects ofthe integration between industry and education(Nos.KH54429301,KH54392701)supported by the Research Funding of Hangzhou International Innovation Institute of Beihang University(Grant No.2024KQ098)+2 种基金the China Disabled Persons,Federation special topic(Grant No.CDPF2023KF00001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.8246140544)the National Key Research and Development Plan(Grant Nos.2021YFF0501600,and 2022YFC3601200).
文摘In recmt years,depresion has emerged ss a significant gbbal health cotcern,prompting many individuals to seek pharmacoogical interventions.The identification of inflammatory changes in the hippocampns of depressed patients has highlighted a potential therapeutic target.Never-thelo,the effectiveness of medicntions targeting these specific alterntions has yrt to be fully substantinted.Prediminary remrch has suggusted the potentisl bemefits of photobiomodulation(PBM)as a trestment fot deptession,with no significant adetse eflects reported.This study utiliæd nesr-infrared light at intensities of 50 mW/cmend 300 mW/cm"to illuminate mice with chronic mild strea(CMS)-induced depresion model,aiming to explorethe therapeutik effects of PBM an depresion.The findings revealed that when exposedto a power denstty af 300 m W/cm?,the mice exhibited enhanæd behavioral outcomes,aскоmpanied by deressed levels of inflam-matory eytokines such as Il-1a,11-13,11-5,and'I-6 in the hippocampus.A notewarthy ae-socistion was observed between behavioral manifestations and inflammatory cytokine kvels.This study poits that PBM at an intensity of 300mW/cm is a viable nonpharmacological intervention for depression,as it demonstrntes a notable enhanoment in deprasive symptoms and the regulation of inflammatory medistors within the hippocятpal region of the brain.However,this study is constrained by the particular PBM parameters employed;therefore,additional resesrch is neceary to investigate a broader spectrum af doees and trestment durations in order to enhan the therapeutic application and deepen the understanding of the underlying mechanisma.
基金Project supported by Research Project (A3820060136)
文摘The forming-regions of phosphate glasses doped with high Sm2O3 contents were studied by two step melting method. The relationship between absorption spectrum and rare earth contents was also discussed. The spectra of BASP glasses were measured by spectrophotometer. The results show that the forming regions will shrink with the increase of Al2O3 and it is difficult to form glass when [PO4]/[AlO4] < 2. The forming regions tend to be a closed elliptical, and the intensity of characteristic absorption peak increases gradually with the increase of Sm2O3, the absorption lines broadens non-uniformly and there is approximate linear relation between optical density at the 1064 nm wavelength and Sm2O3 content.
文摘The formation of mineral scale is a complex problem during the oilfield operations. Scale inhibitors are widely used to prevent salt precipitation within reservoirs, in downhole equipment, and in production facilities. The scale inhibitors not only must have high effectiveness to prevent scale formation, but also have good adsorption- desorption characteristics, which determine the operation duration of the scale inhibitors. This work is focused on the development of a new scale inhibitor for preventing cal- cium carbonate formation in three different synthetic for- mation waters. Scale inhibition efficiency, optical density of the solution, induction time of calcium carbonate for- mation, corrosion activity, and adsorption-desorption ability were investigated for the developed scale inhibitor. The optimum concentration of hydrochloric acid in the inhibitor was determined by surface tension measurement on the boundary layer between oil and the aqueous scale inhibitor solution. The results show that the optimum mass percentage of 5 % hydrochloric acid solution in the inhi- bitor was in the range of 8 % to 10 %. The new scale inhibitor had high efficiency at a concentration of 30 mg/L. The results indicate that the induction period for calcium carbonate nucleation in the presence of the new inhibitor was about 3.5 times longer than the value in the absence of the inhibitors. During the desorption process at reservoir conditions, the number of pore volumes injected into the carbonate core for the developed inhibitor was significantly greater than the volume of a tested industrial inhibitor, showing better adsorption/desorption capacity.
文摘Harmful algae bloom constitutes a major problem facing water bodies particularly fresh and marine water system. <i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i> represents a major causative organism found in the water. Light plays a major role in the growth and variation of <i>M. aeruginosa</i> in water. What is still inadequate, is the data on the effects of different light conditions on the growth of <i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i>. In this study, two strains of <i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i> PCC 7806 (toxic strain) and PCC 7005 (non-toxic strain) were exposed to varying light intensities at 0, 30, 60, 120, 300, 350 μMol photon m<sup>-2</sup>·S<sup>-1</sup> to measure their growth and pigmentation. This study observed similarities in growth and pigmentation between toxic strain (PCC 7806) and non-toxic (PCC 7005) strain. Also, at short exposure to light, Toxic strain was seen to be better tolerant of light than non-toxic strain, with non-toxic strain showing better ability to recover from light stress after twenty days of culture. These findings suggest that Toxic strain (PCC 7806) and Non-toxic strain (PCC 7005) of <i>M. aeruginosa</i> respond similarly with respect to growth but differ in their light retention capacity over time and this could be useful in predicting the possible conditions of algal bloom.
基金the scientific research common program of Beijing municipal commission(No.KM200710015002)the Beijing elitist funds (No.20051D0500403)
文摘Computer to conventional plate （CTCP） technology is getting more and more attention in printing industries. In this paper we report a nitrogen plasma light source generated in hollow cathode discharge （HCD）, Which is used for pre-sensitivity （PS） plate exposure. The N2 molecule emits abundant spectrum ranging from 350 nm to 460 nm. With the voltage of 580 V, current of 1.8 A and pressure of 70 Pa in the discharge an optical power density of 0.46 mW/cm2 is obtained. The optical power density could be further increased with optimizing the lens system. The phototonus efficiency of this source is discussed in detail based upon the chemical principle and the FTIR analysis on the coating material.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB2905700)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62235005,61925104,62171137).
文摘Optical interconnects based on photonic integrated circuits(PICs)are emerging as a pivotal technology to address the relentless surge in data traffic driven by compute-intensive applications.Combining mode-division multiplexing(MDM)with wavelength-division multiplexing(WDM)offers a compelling approach to significantly enhance the shoreline density of optical interconnects.However,existing on-chip MDM systems encounter considerable challenges in simultaneously achieving a large optical bandwidth,multi-band operation,and ultra-compactness,thereby limiting scalability as conventional telecom band resources become increasingly constrained.Here we introduce,to our knowledge,the first inverse-designed multi-band mode multiplexer(MUX)utilizing a digital metamaterial structure to support the first three-order TE modes.The proposed device features an ultra-compact footprint of 6μm×4.8μm and exhibits an exceptionally flat spectral response,with numerical simulations confirming spectral variations of less than 0.94 dB across the 1500–2100 nm range.Experimental results further validate its performance,demonstrating insertion losses below 4.3 dB and 4.0 dB,and crosstalk below−11.6 dB and−11.3 dB,within the 1525–1585 nm and 1940–2040 nm bands,respectively.Additionally,system-level optical interconnect experiments using a multi-band MDM circuit successfully achieve single-wavelength transmission rates of 3-modes×180 Gb∕s at the 1.55μm band and record-setting 3-modes×114 Gb∕s in the 2μm band.This work highlights the transformative potential of employing multi-band MDM technology to enhance bandwidth density and scalability,providing a robust foundation for next-generation high-capacity on-chip optical interconnects.
文摘We studied the biological effects of different magnetic fields. Identified bacterial strain Escherichia coli （type I） has been exposed to the dipolar magnetic field force （400, 800, 1200 and 1600 Gausses） which prepared locally with incubation for different period times （24, 48 and 72 hrs） at 37℃. The effects were evaluated by optical density （OD） at 600 nm determining their growth density incorporation with negative control and depending of McFarland turbidity standard （0.5）, in addition to its susceptibility to various antibiotics. Results illustrate different forces of magnetic field decreased the growth rate of E. coli in particular at 24 hrs incubation comparing with unexposed or control samples. The magnetic field increased the logarithmic phase within 4-6 hrs of treatment but decreased after 16 to 18 hrs. Furthermore, changes in the antibiotic sensitivity were observed after exposure period of 6 hrs since E. coli cells became more sensitive to certain antibiotics. While after a 16 hrs exposure period, it became more resistant to the same antibiotics comparing with control groups.
