The production and application of organophosphate esters(OPEs)have dramatically increased in recent years due to their use as a replacement for brominated flame retardants.In this study,13 OPEs(∑_(13)OPEs)were analyz...The production and application of organophosphate esters(OPEs)have dramatically increased in recent years due to their use as a replacement for brominated flame retardants.In this study,13 OPEs(∑_(13)OPEs)were analyzed in indoor air samples from kitchens and living rooms in 14 residential homes in Beijing,China.The concentrations of ∑_(13)OPEs in kitchen air samples(mean:13 ng/m^(3))were significantly(p<0.05)higher than in living room air samples(5.0 ng/m^(3)).In addition,paired window surface organic film samples were collected and analyzed to investigate film-air partitioning,exhibiting a mean concentration of ∑_(13)OPEs of 4100 ng/m^(2).The congener profiles showed that tris(2-chloroisopropyl)phosphate(TCPP)was the predominant compound in both window film samples(48%)and the corresponding indoor air sample(56%).The estimated daily intakes(EDI)of OPEs via indoor air inhalation were 2.8 and 1.4 ng/kg/day for infants and adults,respectively,both of which are below the reference dose values(RfDs).Overall,these findings indicate that OPEs in the indoor air environment of residential homes in Beijing are not likely to pose a health risk to the general population.展开更多
Fifty agricultural soil samples collected from Fuzhou,southeast China,were first investigated for the occurrence,distribution,and potential risks of twelve organophosphate esters(OPEs).The total concentration of OPEs(...Fifty agricultural soil samples collected from Fuzhou,southeast China,were first investigated for the occurrence,distribution,and potential risks of twelve organophosphate esters(OPEs).The total concentration of OPEs(ΣOPEs)in soil ranged from 1.33 to 96.5 ng/g dry weight(dw),with an average value of 17.1 ng/g dw.Especially,halogenated-OPEs were the predominant group with amean level of 9.75 ng/g dw,and tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate(TCIPP)was the most abundant OPEs,accounting for 51.1%ofΣOPEs.The concentrations of TCIPP andΣOPEs were found to be significantly higher(P<0.05)in soils of urban areas than those in suburban areas.In addition,the use of agricultural plastic films and total organic carbon had a positive effect on the occurrence of OPE in this study.The positive matrix factorization model suggested complex sources of OPEs in agricultural soils from Fuzhou.The ecological risk assessment demonstrated that tricresyl phosphate presented a medium risk to land-based organisms(0.1≤risk quotient<1.0).Nevertheless,the carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks for human exposure to OPEs through soil ingestion and dermal absorption were negligible.These findings would facilitate further investigations into the pollution management and risk control of OPEs.展开更多
The harsh natural environment of Antarctica has led to a lack of research on the presence and transport mechanisms of organophosphate esters(OPEs) within its ecosystem.In this study,we analyzed levels of 11 OPEs in ai...The harsh natural environment of Antarctica has led to a lack of research on the presence and transport mechanisms of organophosphate esters(OPEs) within its ecosystem.In this study,we analyzed levels of 11 OPEs in air,soil,and vegetation samples collected during the 2018-2019 Chinese 35th Antarctic Scientific Expedition.Additionally,a level Ⅲ fugacity model was developed to simulate the movement and fate of detected OPEs in the air,soil,and vegetation of the Fildes Peninsula.Our model indicated that the primary OPEmigration pathway was from the atmosphere to the soil.OPE transportation primarily occurred through atmospheric wet deposition and rainwater dissolution.Among the 20 transport and transformation processes,atmospheric degradation was the most significant loss mechanism.The proposed model provides a method for continued investigation into the fate of OPEs in the Fildes Peninsula ecosystem.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program,China(No.2018YFC0213103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22021003,21625702).
文摘The production and application of organophosphate esters(OPEs)have dramatically increased in recent years due to their use as a replacement for brominated flame retardants.In this study,13 OPEs(∑_(13)OPEs)were analyzed in indoor air samples from kitchens and living rooms in 14 residential homes in Beijing,China.The concentrations of ∑_(13)OPEs in kitchen air samples(mean:13 ng/m^(3))were significantly(p<0.05)higher than in living room air samples(5.0 ng/m^(3)).In addition,paired window surface organic film samples were collected and analyzed to investigate film-air partitioning,exhibiting a mean concentration of ∑_(13)OPEs of 4100 ng/m^(2).The congener profiles showed that tris(2-chloroisopropyl)phosphate(TCPP)was the predominant compound in both window film samples(48%)and the corresponding indoor air sample(56%).The estimated daily intakes(EDI)of OPEs via indoor air inhalation were 2.8 and 1.4 ng/kg/day for infants and adults,respectively,both of which are below the reference dose values(RfDs).Overall,these findings indicate that OPEs in the indoor air environment of residential homes in Beijing are not likely to pose a health risk to the general population.
基金supported by the Open Fund of the Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes,Ministry of Education,Peking University,Beijing,China,and the Cultivation Fund Program for Excellent Dissertation in Fujian Normal University,China(No.LWPYS202315)the Research Start-up Fund of Fujian Normal University,China(No.Y0720304X13).
文摘Fifty agricultural soil samples collected from Fuzhou,southeast China,were first investigated for the occurrence,distribution,and potential risks of twelve organophosphate esters(OPEs).The total concentration of OPEs(ΣOPEs)in soil ranged from 1.33 to 96.5 ng/g dry weight(dw),with an average value of 17.1 ng/g dw.Especially,halogenated-OPEs were the predominant group with amean level of 9.75 ng/g dw,and tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate(TCIPP)was the most abundant OPEs,accounting for 51.1%ofΣOPEs.The concentrations of TCIPP andΣOPEs were found to be significantly higher(P<0.05)in soils of urban areas than those in suburban areas.In addition,the use of agricultural plastic films and total organic carbon had a positive effect on the occurrence of OPE in this study.The positive matrix factorization model suggested complex sources of OPEs in agricultural soils from Fuzhou.The ecological risk assessment demonstrated that tricresyl phosphate presented a medium risk to land-based organisms(0.1≤risk quotient<1.0).Nevertheless,the carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks for human exposure to OPEs through soil ingestion and dermal absorption were negligible.These findings would facilitate further investigations into the pollution management and risk control of OPEs.
文摘OP2S发动机(Opposed-Piston Two-Stroke,OP2S,对置活塞二冲程发动机)相较于传统四冲程发动机,具有功率密度高、热负荷高的特点,需在活塞内部设计内冷油腔对其进行强制振荡冷却,以确保活塞在严苛环境下安全可靠地工作。以某OP2S发动机活塞内冷油腔为设计对象,应用三维建模软件和流体传热计算软件Fluent,建立了卵形、椭圆形和水滴形三种截面形状的油腔模型作为研究对象,采用VOF(volume of fluid)多相流模型、动网格技术等,对活塞内冷油腔强制振荡冷却过程进行了流动和换热分析。经过分析得知,活塞内冷油腔的截面形状、喷油速度等影响因素对其振荡冷却的流动和换热特性影响较大。在2800 r/min额定转速下,卵形油腔的壁面平均换热系数分别高于水滴形和椭圆形油腔7%和4%。通过对不同喷油速度条件下的内冷油腔流动和换热特性分析得出了OP2S发动机活塞内冷油腔的流动和换热规律,同时确定了该发动机的冷却喷嘴机油流速,对同类型活塞内冷油腔的设计具有参考意义。
基金supported by the Joint Research Project of Hainan Province(No.ZDYF2024SHFZ085)Hainan Provincial Union Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City(No.2021CXLH0009)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42006195 and 42376234)the Science Technology Project of Yazhou Bay Innovation Institute of Hainan Tropical Ocean University(No.2022CXYZD002)the Scientific Research of Hainan Tropical Ocean University(No.RHDRC202201).
文摘The harsh natural environment of Antarctica has led to a lack of research on the presence and transport mechanisms of organophosphate esters(OPEs) within its ecosystem.In this study,we analyzed levels of 11 OPEs in air,soil,and vegetation samples collected during the 2018-2019 Chinese 35th Antarctic Scientific Expedition.Additionally,a level Ⅲ fugacity model was developed to simulate the movement and fate of detected OPEs in the air,soil,and vegetation of the Fildes Peninsula.Our model indicated that the primary OPEmigration pathway was from the atmosphere to the soil.OPE transportation primarily occurred through atmospheric wet deposition and rainwater dissolution.Among the 20 transport and transformation processes,atmospheric degradation was the most significant loss mechanism.The proposed model provides a method for continued investigation into the fate of OPEs in the Fildes Peninsula ecosystem.
