This paper highlights the crucial role of Indonesia’s GNSS receiver network in advancing Equatorial Plasma Bubble(EPB)studies in Southeast and East Asia,as ionospheric irregularities within EPB can disrupt GNSS signa...This paper highlights the crucial role of Indonesia’s GNSS receiver network in advancing Equatorial Plasma Bubble(EPB)studies in Southeast and East Asia,as ionospheric irregularities within EPB can disrupt GNSS signals and degrade positioning accuracy.Managed by the Indonesian Geospatial Information Agency(BIG),the Indonesia Continuously Operating Reference Station(Ina-CORS)network comprises over 300 GNSS receivers spanning equatorial to southern low-latitude regions.Ina-CORS is uniquely situated to monitor EPB generation,zonal drift,and dissipation across Southeast Asia.We provide a practical tool for EPB research,by sharing two-dimensional rate of Total Electron Content(TEC)change index(ROTI)derived from this network.We generate ROTI maps with a 10-minute resolution,and samples from May 2024 are publicly available for further scientific research.Two preliminary findings from the ROTI maps of Ina-CORS are noteworthy.First,the Ina-CORS ROTI maps reveal that the irregularities within a broader EPB structure persist longer,increasing the potential for these irregularities to migrate farther eastward.Second,we demonstrate that combined ROTI maps from Ina-CORS and GNSS receivers in East Asia and Australia can be used to monitor the development of ionospheric irregularities in Southeast and East Asia.We have demonstrated the combined ROTI maps to capture the development of ionospheric irregularities in the Southeast/East Asian sector during the G5 Geomagnetic Storm on May 11,2024.We observed simultaneous ionospheric irregularities in Japan and Australia,respectively propagating northwestward and southwestward,before midnight,whereas Southeast Asia’s equatorial and low-latitude regions exhibited irregularities post-midnight.By sharing ROTI maps from Indonesia and integrating them with regional GNSS networks,researchers can conduct comprehensive EPB studies,enhancing the understanding of EPB behavior across Southeast and East Asia and contributing significantly to ionospheric research.展开更多
If we use Littlewood-Paley decomposition, there is no pseudo-orthogonality for Ho¨rmander symbol operators OpS m 0 , 0 , which is different to the case S m ρ,δ （0 ≤δ 〈 ρ≤ 1）. In this paper, we use a spec...If we use Littlewood-Paley decomposition, there is no pseudo-orthogonality for Ho¨rmander symbol operators OpS m 0 , 0 , which is different to the case S m ρ,δ （0 ≤δ 〈 ρ≤ 1）. In this paper, we use a special numerical algorithm based on wavelets to study the L p continuity of non infinite smooth operators OpS m 0 , 0 ; in fact, we apply first special wavelets to symbol to get special basic operators, then we regroup all the special basic operators at given scale and prove that such scale operator’s continuity decreases very fast, we sum such scale operators and a symbol operator can be approached by very good compact operators. By correlation of basic operators, we get very exact pseudo-orthogonality and also L 2 → L 2 continuity for scale operators. By considering the influence region of scale operator, we get H 1 （= F 0 , 2 1 ） → L 1 continuity and L ∞→ BMO continuity. By interpolation theorem, we get also L p （= F 0 , 2 p ） → L p continuity for 1 〈 p 〈 ∞ . Our results are sharp for F 0 , 2 p → L p continuity when 1 ≤ p ≤ 2, that is to say, we find out the exact order of derivations for which the symbols can ensure the resulting operators to be bounded on these spaces.展开更多
基于上海市连续运行基准站(continuously operating reference station,CORS)系统中10个基准站2021-09-10—2021-09-14的观测数据,采用实时精密单点定位(precise point positioning,PPP)技术反演大气可降水量(precipitable water vapor,...基于上海市连续运行基准站(continuously operating reference station,CORS)系统中10个基准站2021-09-10—2021-09-14的观测数据,采用实时精密单点定位(precise point positioning,PPP)技术反演大气可降水量(precipitable water vapor,PWV),探究了台风“灿都”期间PWV与实际降雨量的时空交互特征。结果表明,PWV含量与降雨量显著相关,即PWV在降雨发生前激增,降雨期间保持稳定,降雨完成后回落至原水平。此外,PWV的空间演变还可揭示台风影响期间的水汽输送路径。上述特征证明,实时PWV有预警极端降雨的潜力,未来可在CORS系统部署降雨预警模块,进一步拓宽其服务领域。展开更多
MIL-88A(Fe)@sponge(MS) was synthesized by a dip-coating method, which displayed efficient photocatalytic Cr(Ⅵ) reduction efficiency under both low power LED UV light and real solar light irradiation. It was observed ...MIL-88A(Fe)@sponge(MS) was synthesized by a dip-coating method, which displayed efficient photocatalytic Cr(Ⅵ) reduction efficiency under both low power LED UV light and real solar light irradiation. It was observed that MS(0.2 g/L) could remove 100% Cr(Ⅵ)(10 mg/L) by adding 0.4 mmol/L tartaric acid(TA) without adjusting pH(pH 5.05) within 6.0 min and 3.0 min under UV light and real solar light irradiation, respectively. Besides, the photo-induced e-and radicals(O_(2)^(·-) and CO_(2)^(·-)) were found to play the momentous roles in the MS/TA/UVL/Cr(Ⅵ) system by the scavenger experiments and electron spin resonance(ESR) tests. MS was also filled into a fixed-bed reactor to test the possibility of long-term Cr(Ⅵ)reduction operation in TA/UVL system. As expected, the results revealed that MS could still maintain 100% activity up to 60 h. These results demonstrated that MIL-88A(Fe) might be the potentially efficient catalyst for large-scale wastewater treatment in the near future.展开更多
Real-time kinematic GPS precise positioning has been playing an increasing role in both surveying and navigation. Based on the city’s fibre LAN network, Shenzhen Continuous Operating Reference Stations (SZCORS) syste...Real-time kinematic GPS precise positioning has been playing an increasing role in both surveying and navigation. Based on the city’s fibre LAN network, Shenzhen Continuous Operating Reference Stations (SZCORS) system has been established and consists of GPS reference stations, system control center, user’s data center, and real-time datacom network. The SZCORS system provides users the real-time centimeter positioning or post-processing millimeter positioning. This paper makes discussion on the structure of SZCORS system. Some experiments have been made to test the usablity, and then the data has been analyzed.展开更多
In this paper, we introduce the concept of the Z-M-PN space and obtain somenew fixed point theorems in probabilistic metric spaces Meanwhile,some famous fixedpoint theorems are generalized in probabilistic metric spac...In this paper, we introduce the concept of the Z-M-PN space and obtain somenew fixed point theorems in probabilistic metric spaces Meanwhile,some famous fixedpoint theorems are generalized in probabilistic metric spaces, such a.s fixed point theorem of Schauder, Guo's theorem and fixed point theorem of Petryshyn are generalized in Menger PN-space. And fixed point theorem of Altman is also generalized in the Z-M-PN space.展开更多
Based on the kinetic and thermodynamic equations, a comprehensive mathematical model for the con- tinuous esterification process of polyester polyols was developed, which was carried out in an innovational bub- bling ...Based on the kinetic and thermodynamic equations, a comprehensive mathematical model for the con- tinuous esterification process of polyester polyols was developed, which was carried out in an innovational bub- bling reactive distillation tower （BRDT） at atmospheric pressure. In this new type of reactor, direct esterification between ethylene glycol and adipic acid was accomplished efficiently and rapidly. A bench BRDT with the height of 2 m was applied for the esteriflcation process of l^oly （ethylene adlpate） （P＇EA）. In the continuous operation, Hn- ear oligomers were discharged from the bottom of the column, while water passed a few column trays and a pack- ing section as a condensation byproduct. The influence of major operating conditions on reactor performance was also simulated. Simulation results were in good agreement with experimental data, providing a strategy for devel- oping and optimizing this process.展开更多
To improve the effect of destroying time-sensitive target （TST）, a method of operational effectiveness evaluation is presented and some influential factors are analyzed based on the combat flow of system for destroy...To improve the effect of destroying time-sensitive target （TST）, a method of operational effectiveness evaluation is presented and some influential factors are analyzed based on the combat flow of system for destroying TST. Considering the possible operation modes of the system, a waved operation mode and a continuous operation mode are put forward at first. At the same time, some relative formulas are modified. In examples, the influential factors and operation modes are analyzed based on the system effectiveness. From simulation results, some design and operation strategies of the system for destroying time sensitive targets are concluded, which benefit to the improvement of the system effectiveness.展开更多
A novel method based on the selective pressure of particle size （particle-size cultivation method, PSCM） was developed for the cultivation and operation of aerobic granular sludge in a continuous-flow reactor, and c...A novel method based on the selective pressure of particle size （particle-size cultivation method, PSCM） was developed for the cultivation and operation of aerobic granular sludge in a continuous-flow reactor, and compared with the conventional method based on the selective pressure of settling velocity （settling-velocity cultivation method, SVCM）. Results indicated that aerobic granules could be cultivated in continuous operation mode by this developed method within 14 days. Although in the granulation process, under particle-size selective pressure, mixed liquor suspended solids （MLSS） in the reactor fluctuated greatly and filamentous bacteria dominated the sludge system during the initial operation days, no obvious difference in profile was found between the aerobic granules cultivated by PSCM and SVCM. Moreover, aerobic granules cultivated by PSCM presented larger diameter, lower water content and higher specific rates of nitrification, denitrifieation and phosphorus removal, but lower settling velocity. Under long term operation of more than 30 days, aerobic granules in the continuous-flow reactor could remain stable and obtain good chemical oxygen demand （COD）, NH4^＋-N, total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphorus （TP） removal. The results indicate that PSCM was dependent on the cultivation and maintenance of the stability of aerobic granules in continuous-flow bioreactors.展开更多
This study explores the quasi-real time inversion principle and precision estimation of three-dimensional coordinates of the epicenter, trigger time and magnitude of earthquakes with the aim to improve traditional met...This study explores the quasi-real time inversion principle and precision estimation of three-dimensional coordinates of the epicenter, trigger time and magnitude of earthquakes with the aim to improve traditional methods, which are flawed due to missing information or distortion in the seismograph records. The epicenter, trigger time and magnitude from the Lushan earthquake are inverted and analyzed based on high-frequency GNSS data. The inversion results achieved a high precision, which are consistent with the data published by the China Earthquake Administration. Moreover, it has been proven that the inversion method has good theoretical value and excellent application prospects.展开更多
The formation and propagation of the popular off-corner subsurface cracks in bloom continuous casting were investigated through thermo-mechanical analysis using three coupled thermo-mechanical models. A two-dimensiona...The formation and propagation of the popular off-corner subsurface cracks in bloom continuous casting were investigated through thermo-mechanical analysis using three coupled thermo-mechanical models. A two-dimensional thermo-elasto-visco-plastic finite element model was developed to predict the mould gap evolution, temperature profiles and deformation behavior of the solidified shell in the mould region. Then, a three-dimensional model was adopted to calculate the shell growth, tempera- ture history and the development of stresses and strains of the shell in the following secondary cooling zones. Finally, another three-dimensional model was used to analyze the stress distributions in the straightening region, The results showed that the off-corner cracks in the shell originated from the mould owing to the tensile strain developed in the crack sensitive regions of the solidification front, and they could be driven deeper by the possible severe surface temperature rebound and the extensive tensile stress in the secondary cooling zone, especially upon the straightening operation of the bloom casting. It is revealed that more homogenous shell temperature and thickness can be obtained through optimization of mould corner radius, casting speed and secondary cooling scheme, which help to decrease stress and strain concentration and therefore prevent the initiation of the cracks.展开更多
The stability and reliability of an ion source and its beam availability are extremely significant for any accelerator,especially for those high current long term CW operation ones like ADS. Although the first high qu...The stability and reliability of an ion source and its beam availability are extremely significant for any accelerator,especially for those high current long term CW operation ones like ADS. Although the first high quality 306-hours continuous wave（CW） operating curve at 50 m A@35 ke V has been successfully obtained with a standard compact 2.45 GHz ECR ion source at Peking University（PKU）, but the uncertainties that caused beam trips before are unacceptable during an accelerator real operation and should be eliminated. Meanwhile, no permission will be given when the beam power is upgraded from 50 m A@35 ke V to 50 m A@50 ke V. To improve the PKU CW proton source quality, several upgrades were done recently. After those improvements, a new long term CW proton beam experiment at 50 m A@50 ke V was carried out in June 2016. The total running time is 300.5 hours, including near 6 hours ion source preparation and 294 hours non-disturb continuous operation. Within the continuous 13 days operation, no beam-off happened, no spark was observed,no beam drop appeared, no interrupting action was needed, and only a few beam fluctuations caused by the air conditional failure occurred. Beam availability and reliability within the 294 hours is 100%. The root-mean-square（RMS） emittance of this 50 m A@50 ke V CW proton beam is about 0.186 π.mm.mrad. A careful inspection of the ion source was done after this long term operation and no obvious damage was found. The restart experimental results obtained after the ion source inspection prove the high repeatability of PKU PMECRIS. In addition, a 130-m A H＋beam was obtained at 50 k V with duty factor of 10%（100 Hz/1 ms） with this source. Details will be presented in this paper.展开更多
A precise background theory of computational mechanics is formed. Saint_Venant's principle is discussed in chain model by means of this precise theory. The classical continued fraction is developed into operator c...A precise background theory of computational mechanics is formed. Saint_Venant's principle is discussed in chain model by means of this precise theory. The classical continued fraction is developed into operator continued fraction to be the constrictive formulation of the chain model. The decay of effect of a self_equilibrated system of forces in chain model is decided by the convergence of operator continued fraction, so the reasonable part of Saint_Venant's principle is described as the convergence of operator continued fraction. In case of divergence the effect of a self_equilibrated system of forces may be non_zero at even infinite distant sections, so Saint_Venant's principle is not a common principle.展开更多
The sensitivity analysis for a class of generalized set-valued quasi-variational inclusion problems is investigated in the setting of Banach spaces. By using the resolvent operator technique, without assuming the diff...The sensitivity analysis for a class of generalized set-valued quasi-variational inclusion problems is investigated in the setting of Banach spaces. By using the resolvent operator technique, without assuming the differentiability and monotonicity of the given data, equivalence of these problems to the class of generalized resolvent equations is established.展开更多
There are three aspects in the study of GPS meteorology network in the Wuhan region. The first is the comparison of the GPS precipitable water vapor between final ephemeris and ultra-rapid ephemeris for which the rela...There are three aspects in the study of GPS meteorology network in the Wuhan region. The first is the comparison of the GPS precipitable water vapor between final ephemeris and ultra-rapid ephemeris for which the relative coefficient is 99.97 and the root mean squares is 0.048 mm. It can be concluded that ultra-rapid ephemeris can be used to get the GPS precipitable water vapor for the real-time prediction. The second is the comparison of precipitable water vapor of GPS stations and the distribution of water vapor in the Wuhan region is acquired. The change of GPS precipitable water vapor and rainfall in a rainfall process are compared and analyzed. The change of GPS precipitable water vapor can reflect and predict the process of rainfall.展开更多
We propose a deterministic quantum secure direct two check photon sequences are used to check the securities of the communication protocol by using dense coding. The channels between the message sender and the receive...We propose a deterministic quantum secure direct two check photon sequences are used to check the securities of the communication protocol by using dense coding. The channels between the message sender and the receiver. The continuous variable operations instead of the usual discrete unitary operations are performed on the travel photons so that the security of the present protocol can be enhanced. Therefore some specific attacks such as denial-of-service attack, intercept-measure-resend attack and invisible photon attack can be prevented in ideal quantum channel. In addition, the scheme is still secure in noise channel. Furthurmore, this protocol has the advantage of high capacity and can be realized in the experiment.展开更多
The new concepts of the Z-C-X space and excellent cone are introduced. Some problems of random semiclosed 1-set-contractive operator are investigated in the Z-C-X space. At first, an important inequality is proved. Se...The new concepts of the Z-C-X space and excellent cone are introduced. Some problems of random semiclosed 1-set-contractive operator are investigated in the Z-C-X space. At first, an important inequality is proved. Secondly, several new conclusions are proved by means of random fixed point index in the theory of random topological degree. A random solution of a class of random operator equations under conditions of imitating the parallelogram law is obtained, famous Altman's theorem is generalized in partially ordered Z-C-X space. Therefore, some new results are obtained.展开更多
基金JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number16H06286 supports global GNSS ionospheric maps (TEC,ROTI,and detrended TEC maps) developed by the Institute for SpaceEarth Environmental Research (ISEE) of Nagoya Universitysupport of the 2024 JASSO Follow-up Research Fellowship Program for a 90-day visiting research at the Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research (ISEE),Nagoya University+3 种基金the support received from Telkom University under the“Skema Penelitian Terapan Periode I Tahun Anggaran 2024”the Memorandum of Understanding for Research Collaboration on Regional Ionospheric Observation (No:092/SAM3/TE-DEK/2021)the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) International Exchange Program 2024-2025(No.2024-007)support for a one-year visiting research at Hokkaido University
文摘This paper highlights the crucial role of Indonesia’s GNSS receiver network in advancing Equatorial Plasma Bubble(EPB)studies in Southeast and East Asia,as ionospheric irregularities within EPB can disrupt GNSS signals and degrade positioning accuracy.Managed by the Indonesian Geospatial Information Agency(BIG),the Indonesia Continuously Operating Reference Station(Ina-CORS)network comprises over 300 GNSS receivers spanning equatorial to southern low-latitude regions.Ina-CORS is uniquely situated to monitor EPB generation,zonal drift,and dissipation across Southeast Asia.We provide a practical tool for EPB research,by sharing two-dimensional rate of Total Electron Content(TEC)change index(ROTI)derived from this network.We generate ROTI maps with a 10-minute resolution,and samples from May 2024 are publicly available for further scientific research.Two preliminary findings from the ROTI maps of Ina-CORS are noteworthy.First,the Ina-CORS ROTI maps reveal that the irregularities within a broader EPB structure persist longer,increasing the potential for these irregularities to migrate farther eastward.Second,we demonstrate that combined ROTI maps from Ina-CORS and GNSS receivers in East Asia and Australia can be used to monitor the development of ionospheric irregularities in Southeast and East Asia.We have demonstrated the combined ROTI maps to capture the development of ionospheric irregularities in the Southeast/East Asian sector during the G5 Geomagnetic Storm on May 11,2024.We observed simultaneous ionospheric irregularities in Japan and Australia,respectively propagating northwestward and southwestward,before midnight,whereas Southeast Asia’s equatorial and low-latitude regions exhibited irregularities post-midnight.By sharing ROTI maps from Indonesia and integrating them with regional GNSS networks,researchers can conduct comprehensive EPB studies,enhancing the understanding of EPB behavior across Southeast and East Asia and contributing significantly to ionospheric research.
基金Supported by the Doctoral programme foundation of National Education Ministry of China
文摘If we use Littlewood-Paley decomposition, there is no pseudo-orthogonality for Ho¨rmander symbol operators OpS m 0 , 0 , which is different to the case S m ρ,δ （0 ≤δ 〈 ρ≤ 1）. In this paper, we use a special numerical algorithm based on wavelets to study the L p continuity of non infinite smooth operators OpS m 0 , 0 ; in fact, we apply first special wavelets to symbol to get special basic operators, then we regroup all the special basic operators at given scale and prove that such scale operator’s continuity decreases very fast, we sum such scale operators and a symbol operator can be approached by very good compact operators. By correlation of basic operators, we get very exact pseudo-orthogonality and also L 2 → L 2 continuity for scale operators. By considering the influence region of scale operator, we get H 1 （= F 0 , 2 1 ） → L 1 continuity and L ∞→ BMO continuity. By interpolation theorem, we get also L p （= F 0 , 2 p ） → L p continuity for 1 〈 p 〈 ∞ . Our results are sharp for F 0 , 2 p → L p continuity when 1 ≤ p ≤ 2, that is to say, we find out the exact order of derivations for which the symbols can ensure the resulting operators to be bounded on these spaces.
文摘基于上海市连续运行基准站(continuously operating reference station,CORS)系统中10个基准站2021-09-10—2021-09-14的观测数据,采用实时精密单点定位(precise point positioning,PPP)技术反演大气可降水量(precipitable water vapor,PWV),探究了台风“灿都”期间PWV与实际降雨量的时空交互特征。结果表明,PWV含量与降雨量显著相关,即PWV在降雨发生前激增,降雨期间保持稳定,降雨完成后回落至原水平。此外,PWV的空间演变还可揭示台风影响期间的水汽输送路径。上述特征证明,实时PWV有预警极端降雨的潜力,未来可在CORS系统部署降雨预警模块,进一步拓宽其服务领域。
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 22176012, 51878023)Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No. 8202016)+1 种基金Beijing Talent Project (No. 2020A27)BUCEA Doctor Graduate Scientific Research Ability Improvement Project (No. DG2021004)。
文摘MIL-88A(Fe)@sponge(MS) was synthesized by a dip-coating method, which displayed efficient photocatalytic Cr(Ⅵ) reduction efficiency under both low power LED UV light and real solar light irradiation. It was observed that MS(0.2 g/L) could remove 100% Cr(Ⅵ)(10 mg/L) by adding 0.4 mmol/L tartaric acid(TA) without adjusting pH(pH 5.05) within 6.0 min and 3.0 min under UV light and real solar light irradiation, respectively. Besides, the photo-induced e-and radicals(O_(2)^(·-) and CO_(2)^(·-)) were found to play the momentous roles in the MS/TA/UVL/Cr(Ⅵ) system by the scavenger experiments and electron spin resonance(ESR) tests. MS was also filled into a fixed-bed reactor to test the possibility of long-term Cr(Ⅵ)reduction operation in TA/UVL system. As expected, the results revealed that MS could still maintain 100% activity up to 60 h. These results demonstrated that MIL-88A(Fe) might be the potentially efficient catalyst for large-scale wastewater treatment in the near future.
文摘Real-time kinematic GPS precise positioning has been playing an increasing role in both surveying and navigation. Based on the city’s fibre LAN network, Shenzhen Continuous Operating Reference Stations (SZCORS) system has been established and consists of GPS reference stations, system control center, user’s data center, and real-time datacom network. The SZCORS system provides users the real-time centimeter positioning or post-processing millimeter positioning. This paper makes discussion on the structure of SZCORS system. Some experiments have been made to test the usablity, and then the data has been analyzed.
文摘In this paper, we introduce the concept of the Z-M-PN space and obtain somenew fixed point theorems in probabilistic metric spaces Meanwhile,some famous fixedpoint theorems are generalized in probabilistic metric spaces, such a.s fixed point theorem of Schauder, Guo's theorem and fixed point theorem of Petryshyn are generalized in Menger PN-space. And fixed point theorem of Altman is also generalized in the Z-M-PN space.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （21176070）.
文摘Based on the kinetic and thermodynamic equations, a comprehensive mathematical model for the con- tinuous esterification process of polyester polyols was developed, which was carried out in an innovational bub- bling reactive distillation tower （BRDT） at atmospheric pressure. In this new type of reactor, direct esterification between ethylene glycol and adipic acid was accomplished efficiently and rapidly. A bench BRDT with the height of 2 m was applied for the esteriflcation process of l^oly （ethylene adlpate） （P＇EA）. In the continuous operation, Hn- ear oligomers were discharged from the bottom of the column, while water passed a few column trays and a pack- ing section as a condensation byproduct. The influence of major operating conditions on reactor performance was also simulated. Simulation results were in good agreement with experimental data, providing a strategy for devel- oping and optimizing this process.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60774064)the Aerospace Science Foundation (05D53022)the Youth for NPU Teachers Scientific and Technological Innovation Foundation (W016210)
文摘To improve the effect of destroying time-sensitive target （TST）, a method of operational effectiveness evaluation is presented and some influential factors are analyzed based on the combat flow of system for destroying TST. Considering the possible operation modes of the system, a waved operation mode and a continuous operation mode are put forward at first. At the same time, some relative formulas are modified. In examples, the influential factors and operation modes are analyzed based on the system effectiveness. From simulation results, some design and operation strategies of the system for destroying time sensitive targets are concluded, which benefit to the improvement of the system effectiveness.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51208231)
文摘A novel method based on the selective pressure of particle size （particle-size cultivation method, PSCM） was developed for the cultivation and operation of aerobic granular sludge in a continuous-flow reactor, and compared with the conventional method based on the selective pressure of settling velocity （settling-velocity cultivation method, SVCM）. Results indicated that aerobic granules could be cultivated in continuous operation mode by this developed method within 14 days. Although in the granulation process, under particle-size selective pressure, mixed liquor suspended solids （MLSS） in the reactor fluctuated greatly and filamentous bacteria dominated the sludge system during the initial operation days, no obvious difference in profile was found between the aerobic granules cultivated by PSCM and SVCM. Moreover, aerobic granules cultivated by PSCM presented larger diameter, lower water content and higher specific rates of nitrification, denitrifieation and phosphorus removal, but lower settling velocity. Under long term operation of more than 30 days, aerobic granules in the continuous-flow reactor could remain stable and obtain good chemical oxygen demand （COD）, NH4^＋-N, total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphorus （TP） removal. The results indicate that PSCM was dependent on the cultivation and maintenance of the stability of aerobic granules in continuous-flow bioreactors.
基金National Natural Science Foundation under Grant No.51574201Opening Fund of State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection(Chengdu University of Technology)under Grant No.SKLGP2016K017+2 种基金Open Research Fund by Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Emergency Mapping&Disaster Reduction under Grant No.K2015B008The State Administration of Work Safety under Grant No.2014_3335Soft Science Research Projects in Sichuan Province under Grant No.2015zr0049
文摘This study explores the quasi-real time inversion principle and precision estimation of three-dimensional coordinates of the epicenter, trigger time and magnitude of earthquakes with the aim to improve traditional methods, which are flawed due to missing information or distortion in the seismograph records. The epicenter, trigger time and magnitude from the Lushan earthquake are inverted and analyzed based on high-frequency GNSS data. The inversion results achieved a high precision, which are consistent with the data published by the China Earthquake Administration. Moreover, it has been proven that the inversion method has good theoretical value and excellent application prospects.
文摘The formation and propagation of the popular off-corner subsurface cracks in bloom continuous casting were investigated through thermo-mechanical analysis using three coupled thermo-mechanical models. A two-dimensional thermo-elasto-visco-plastic finite element model was developed to predict the mould gap evolution, temperature profiles and deformation behavior of the solidified shell in the mould region. Then, a three-dimensional model was adopted to calculate the shell growth, tempera- ture history and the development of stresses and strains of the shell in the following secondary cooling zones. Finally, another three-dimensional model was used to analyze the stress distributions in the straightening region, The results showed that the off-corner cracks in the shell originated from the mould owing to the tensile strain developed in the crack sensitive regions of the solidification front, and they could be driven deeper by the possible severe surface temperature rebound and the extensive tensile stress in the secondary cooling zone, especially upon the straightening operation of the bloom casting. It is revealed that more homogenous shell temperature and thickness can be obtained through optimization of mould corner radius, casting speed and secondary cooling scheme, which help to decrease stress and strain concentration and therefore prevent the initiation of the cracks.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2014CB845502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11575013)
文摘The stability and reliability of an ion source and its beam availability are extremely significant for any accelerator,especially for those high current long term CW operation ones like ADS. Although the first high quality 306-hours continuous wave（CW） operating curve at 50 m A@35 ke V has been successfully obtained with a standard compact 2.45 GHz ECR ion source at Peking University（PKU）, but the uncertainties that caused beam trips before are unacceptable during an accelerator real operation and should be eliminated. Meanwhile, no permission will be given when the beam power is upgraded from 50 m A@35 ke V to 50 m A@50 ke V. To improve the PKU CW proton source quality, several upgrades were done recently. After those improvements, a new long term CW proton beam experiment at 50 m A@50 ke V was carried out in June 2016. The total running time is 300.5 hours, including near 6 hours ion source preparation and 294 hours non-disturb continuous operation. Within the continuous 13 days operation, no beam-off happened, no spark was observed,no beam drop appeared, no interrupting action was needed, and only a few beam fluctuations caused by the air conditional failure occurred. Beam availability and reliability within the 294 hours is 100%. The root-mean-square（RMS） emittance of this 50 m A@50 ke V CW proton beam is about 0.186 π.mm.mrad. A careful inspection of the ion source was done after this long term operation and no obvious damage was found. The restart experimental results obtained after the ion source inspection prove the high repeatability of PKU PMECRIS. In addition, a 130-m A H＋beam was obtained at 50 k V with duty factor of 10%（100 Hz/1 ms） with this source. Details will be presented in this paper.
文摘A precise background theory of computational mechanics is formed. Saint_Venant's principle is discussed in chain model by means of this precise theory. The classical continued fraction is developed into operator continued fraction to be the constrictive formulation of the chain model. The decay of effect of a self_equilibrated system of forces in chain model is decided by the convergence of operator continued fraction, so the reasonable part of Saint_Venant's principle is described as the convergence of operator continued fraction. In case of divergence the effect of a self_equilibrated system of forces may be non_zero at even infinite distant sections, so Saint_Venant's principle is not a common principle.
基金Project supported by the Teaching and Research Award Fund for Outstanding Young Teachers in Higher Education Institutions of Ministry of Education, China (No.0705)the Dawn Program Fund of Shanghai of China (No.BL200404)Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (No.T0401)
文摘The sensitivity analysis for a class of generalized set-valued quasi-variational inclusion problems is investigated in the setting of Banach spaces. By using the resolvent operator technique, without assuming the differentiability and monotonicity of the given data, equivalence of these problems to the class of generalized resolvent equations is established.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.NSFC40574009）.
文摘There are three aspects in the study of GPS meteorology network in the Wuhan region. The first is the comparison of the GPS precipitable water vapor between final ephemeris and ultra-rapid ephemeris for which the relative coefficient is 99.97 and the root mean squares is 0.048 mm. It can be concluded that ultra-rapid ephemeris can be used to get the GPS precipitable water vapor for the real-time prediction. The second is the comparison of precipitable water vapor of GPS stations and the distribution of water vapor in the Wuhan region is acquired. The change of GPS precipitable water vapor and rainfall in a rainfall process are compared and analyzed. The change of GPS precipitable water vapor can reflect and predict the process of rainfall.
基金supported by the Natural Science Research Programme of the Education Department of Anhui Province under Grant No. KJ2009B039Zthe Municipal Level Research Project from Lu'an City directive entrusted to West Anhui University under Grant No. 2008lw004
文摘We propose a deterministic quantum secure direct two check photon sequences are used to check the securities of the communication protocol by using dense coding. The channels between the message sender and the receiver. The continuous variable operations instead of the usual discrete unitary operations are performed on the travel photons so that the security of the present protocol can be enhanced. Therefore some specific attacks such as denial-of-service attack, intercept-measure-resend attack and invisible photon attack can be prevented in ideal quantum channel. In addition, the scheme is still secure in noise channel. Furthurmore, this protocol has the advantage of high capacity and can be realized in the experiment.
文摘The new concepts of the Z-C-X space and excellent cone are introduced. Some problems of random semiclosed 1-set-contractive operator are investigated in the Z-C-X space. At first, an important inequality is proved. Secondly, several new conclusions are proved by means of random fixed point index in the theory of random topological degree. A random solution of a class of random operator equations under conditions of imitating the parallelogram law is obtained, famous Altman's theorem is generalized in partially ordered Z-C-X space. Therefore, some new results are obtained.
