With the rise of open-source software,the social development paradigm occupies an indispensable position in the current software development process.This paper puts forward a variant of the PageRank algorithm to build...With the rise of open-source software,the social development paradigm occupies an indispensable position in the current software development process.This paper puts forward a variant of the PageRank algorithm to build the importance assessment model,which provides quantifiable importance assessment metrics for new Java projects based on Java open-source projects or components.The critical point of the model is to use crawlers to obtain relevant information about Java open-source projects in the GitHub open-source community to build a domain knowledge graph.According to the three dimensions of the Java open-source project’s project influence,project activity and project popularity,the project is measured.A modified PageRank algorithm is proposed to construct the importance evaluation model.Thereby providing quantifiable importance evaluation indicators for new Java projects based on or components of Java open-source projects.This article evaluates the importance of 4512 Java open-source projects obtained on GitHub and has a good effect.展开更多
The teaching and research section is the fundamental organizational unit for teaching and research in a university,and the virtual teaching and research section(VTRS)is crucial for the exploration of the digital trans...The teaching and research section is the fundamental organizational unit for teaching and research in a university,and the virtual teaching and research section(VTRS)is crucial for the exploration of the digital transformation of new basic teaching organization construction in the information age.However,this new type of organization transcends institutional and spatial boundaries,and motivating participants and sustaining their engagement are key challenges in VTRS implementation.The VTRS for database courses(VTRS-DB)proposes an open community-based operating model,founded on the core concepts of openness,dedication,competition,and orderliness.It establishes a hierarchical organizational structure and working group operation mechanism.After two years of practical exploration,a course knowledge graph and a wealth of teaching experiment cases have been developed.A series of distinctive teaching and research methods,such as collaborative course preparation,have been implemented,and the domestic database in the classroom brand activity has been established.The VTRS-DB has incubated several national and provincial level first-class courses and has won national and provincial level teaching achievement awards,achieving significant results.展开更多
An effective energy management strategy(EMS)is essential to optimize the energy efficiency of electric vehicles(EVs).With the advent of advanced machine learning techniques,the focus on developing sophisticated EMS fo...An effective energy management strategy(EMS)is essential to optimize the energy efficiency of electric vehicles(EVs).With the advent of advanced machine learning techniques,the focus on developing sophisticated EMS for EVs is increasing.Here,we introduce LearningEMS:a unified framework and open-source benchmark designed to facilitate rapid development and assessment of EMS.LearningEMS is distinguished by its ability to support a variety of EV configurations,including hybrid EVs,fuel cell EVs,and plug-in EVs,offering a general platform for the development of EMS.The framework enables detailed comparisons of several EMS algorithms,encompassing imitation learning,deep reinforcement learning(RL),offline RL,model predictive control,and dynamic programming.We rigorously evaluated these algorithms across multiple perspectives:energy efficiency,consistency,adaptability,and practicability.Furthermore,we discuss state,reward,and action settings for RL in EV energy management,introduce a policy extraction and reconstruction method for learning-based EMS deployment,and conduct hardware-in-the-loop experiments.In summary,we offer a unified and comprehensive framework that comes with three distinct EV platforms,over 10000 km of EMS policy data set,ten state-of-the-art algorithms,and over 160 benchmark tasks,along with three learning libraries.Its flexible design allows easy expansion for additional tasks and applications.The open-source algorithms,models,data sets,and deployment processes foster additional research and innovation in EV and broader engineering domains.展开更多
Community detection is one of the most fundamental applications in understanding the structure of complicated networks.Furthermore,it is an important approach to identifying closely linked clusters of nodes that may r...Community detection is one of the most fundamental applications in understanding the structure of complicated networks.Furthermore,it is an important approach to identifying closely linked clusters of nodes that may represent underlying patterns and relationships.Networking structures are highly sensitive in social networks,requiring advanced techniques to accurately identify the structure of these communities.Most conventional algorithms for detecting communities perform inadequately with complicated networks.In addition,they miss out on accurately identifying clusters.Since single-objective optimization cannot always generate accurate and comprehensive results,as multi-objective optimization can.Therefore,we utilized two objective functions that enable strong connections between communities and weak connections between them.In this study,we utilized the intra function,which has proven effective in state-of-the-art research studies.We proposed a new inter-function that has demonstrated its effectiveness by making the objective of detecting external connections between communities is to make them more distinct and sparse.Furthermore,we proposed a Multi-Objective community strength enhancement algorithm(MOCSE).The proposed algorithm is based on the framework of the Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm with Decomposition(MOEA/D),integrated with a new heuristic mutation strategy,community strength enhancement(CSE).The results demonstrate that the model is effective in accurately identifying community structures while also being computationally efficient.The performance measures used to evaluate the MOEA/D algorithm in our work are normalized mutual information(NMI)and modularity(Q).It was tested using five state-of-the-art algorithms on social networks,comprising real datasets(Zachary,Dolphin,Football,Krebs,SFI,Jazz,and Netscience),as well as twenty synthetic datasets.These results provide the robustness and practical value of the proposed algorithm in multi-objective community identification.展开更多
Microorganisms can colonize the surface of microplastics(MPs)to form a distinctive microbiome,known as a“plastisphere”which is regarded as an anthropogenic niche for microbial growth.However,bacterial community asse...Microorganisms can colonize the surface of microplastics(MPs)to form a distinctive microbiome,known as a“plastisphere”which is regarded as an anthropogenic niche for microbial growth.However,bacterial community assembly in virgin and aging MP plastispheres across different habitats is poorly understood.This study aims to assess the variations in bacterial community assembly across different niches and habitats with an in situ ex-periment,in which constructed forest wetland(FW),natural lake wetland(LW),and lotus pond wetland(LP)were habitats,and plastispheres of virgin and aging low-density polyethylene(LDPE)MPs,as well as surround-ing wetland soils were niches.Significant niche-related differences in bacterial communities were observed,with lower diversity and enrichment of potential plastic-degrading bacteria in the plastisphere than in the soil bacterial communities.Furthermore,habitat-related differences exerted a more pronounced influence on the beta-diversity patterns of the bacterial communities.The linear regression analyses indicated that the local species pool con-tributed more to bacterial community assembly in the LW wetland,whereas the relative abundance of species was the primary factor in the LP wetland.The null model analysis indicated that plastisphere bacterial communi-ties were predominantly driven by the stochastic process,with a more deterministic assembly observed in the LP wetland and soil bacterial communities.Additionally,the primary ecological process shaping plastisphere com-munities shifted from drift in the virgin LDPE to homogenising dispersal in the aging LDPE.This study provides new insights into the fate and ecological impacts of MPs in wetlands,thereby facilitating the effective regulations of plastic pollution.展开更多
In this work,ofloxacin(OFL),a kind of frequently detected antibiotic in groundwater,was selected to explore its impact(at ng/L-μg/L-level)on denitrification performance in an autotrophic denitrification system driven...In this work,ofloxacin(OFL),a kind of frequently detected antibiotic in groundwater,was selected to explore its impact(at ng/L-μg/L-level)on denitrification performance in an autotrophic denitrification system driven by pyrite/sulfur(FeS2/S0).Results showed that OFL restrained nitrate removal efficiency,and the inhibition degree was positively related to the concentration of OFL.After being exposed to increased OFL(200 ng/L-100μg/L)for 69 days,higher inhibition of electron transport activity(ETSA),enzyme activities of nitrate reductase(NAR),and nitrite reductase(NIR)were acquired.Meanwhile,the extracellular protein(PN)content of sludge samples was remarkably stimulated by OFL to resist the augmented toxicity.OFL contributed to increased microbial diversity and sulfur/sulfide oxidation functional genes in ng/L-level bioreactors,whereas led to a decline inμg/L level experiments.With OFL at concentrations of 200 ng/L and 100μg/L,the whole expression of 10 key denitrification functional genes was depressed,and the higher the OFL concentration,the lower the expression level.However,no significant proliferation of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)either in 200 ng/L-OFL or 100μg/L-OFL groups was observed.Two-factor correlation analysis results indicated that Thiobacillus,Anaerolineae,Anaerolineales,and Nitrospirae might be the main hosts of existing ARGs in this system.展开更多
As a Burundian doctoral student at Nanjing University,my personal journey is closely intertwined with China’s development in the new era and the deepening China-Africa partnership.Recently,my experiences have given m...As a Burundian doctoral student at Nanjing University,my personal journey is closely intertwined with China’s development in the new era and the deepening China-Africa partnership.Recently,my experiences have given me a deeper appreciation of the importance of people-to-people exchanges between China and Africa.展开更多
In 2021,approximately 537 million people suffered from diabetes mellitus(DM)globally,and this figure will increase to approximately 783 million within the next quarter-century.The increasing burden of DM is a pressing...In 2021,approximately 537 million people suffered from diabetes mellitus(DM)globally,and this figure will increase to approximately 783 million within the next quarter-century.The increasing burden of DM is a pressing global public health issue.Therefore,the early identification of high-risk groups and implementation of effective intervention measures is imperative.展开更多
Urinary tract infections(UTIs)are among the most prevalent pediatric bacterial infections,and undertreated episodes may lead to renal scarring,hypertension,or chronic kidney disease.Multidrug-resistant(MDR)Enterobacte...Urinary tract infections(UTIs)are among the most prevalent pediatric bacterial infections,and undertreated episodes may lead to renal scarring,hypertension,or chronic kidney disease.Multidrug-resistant(MDR)Enterobacterales have been increasingly reported in children,with higher rates in Asian and Middle Eastern settings than in high-income countries[1,2].展开更多
We present a high performance modularly-built open-source software-OpenIFEM.OpenIFEM is a C++implementation of the modified immersed finite element method(mIFEM)to solve fluid-structure interaction(FSI)problems.This s...We present a high performance modularly-built open-source software-OpenIFEM.OpenIFEM is a C++implementation of the modified immersed finite element method(mIFEM)to solve fluid-structure interaction(FSI)problems.This software is modularly built to perform multiple tasks including fluid dynamics(incompressible and slightly compressible fluid models),linear and nonlinear solid mechanics,and fully coupled fluid-structure interactions.Most of open-source software packages are restricted to certain discretization methods;some are under-tested,under-documented,and lack modularity as well as extensibility.OpenIFEM is designed and built to include a set of generic classes for users to adapt so that any fluid and solid solvers can be coupled through the FSI algorithm.In addition,the package utilizes well-developed and tested libraries.It also comes with standard test cases that serve as software and algorithm validation.The software can be built on cross-platform,i.e.,Linux,Windows,and Mac OS,using CMake.Efficient parallelization is also implemented for high-performance computing for large-sized problems.OpenIFEM is documented using Doxygen and publicly available to download on GitHub.It is expected to benefit the future development of FSI algorithms and be applied to a variety of FSI applications.展开更多
Topology optimization(TO),a numerical technique to find the optimalmaterial layoutwith a given design domain,has attracted interest from researchers in the field of structural optimization in recent years.For beginner...Topology optimization(TO),a numerical technique to find the optimalmaterial layoutwith a given design domain,has attracted interest from researchers in the field of structural optimization in recent years.For beginners,opensource codes are undoubtedly the best alternative to learning TO,which can elaborate the implementation of a method in detail and easily engage more people to employ and extend the method.In this paper,we present a summary of various open-source codes and related literature on TO methods,including solid isotropic material with penalization(SIMP),evolutionary method,level set method(LSM),moving morphable components/voids(MMC/MMV)methods,multiscale topology optimization method,etc.Simultaneously,we classify the codes into five levels,fromeasy to difficult,depending on their difficulty,so that beginners can get started and understand the form of code implementation more quickly.展开更多
With the rapid development of Open-Source(OS),more and more software projects are maintained and developed in the form of OS.These Open-Source projects depend on and influence each other,gradually forming a huge OS pr...With the rapid development of Open-Source(OS),more and more software projects are maintained and developed in the form of OS.These Open-Source projects depend on and influence each other,gradually forming a huge OS project network,namely an Open-Source Software ECOsystem(OSSECO).Unfortunately,not all OS projects in the open-source ecosystem can be healthy and stable in the long term,and more projects will go from active to inactive and gradually die.In a tightly connected ecosystem,the death of one project can potentially cause the collapse of the entire ecosystem network.How can we effectively prevent such situations from happening?In this paper,we first identify the basic project characteristics that affect the survival of OS projects at both project and ecosystem levels through the proportional hazards model.Then,we utilize graph convolutional networks based on the ecosystem network to extract the ecosystem environment characteristics of OS projects.Finally,we fuse basic project characteristics and environmental project characteristics and construct a Hybrid Structured Prediction Model(HSPM)to predict the OS project survival state.The experimental results show that HSPM significantly improved compared to the traditional prediction model.Our work can substantially assist OS project managers in maintaining their projects’health.It can also provide an essential reference for developers when choosing the right open-source project for their production activities.展开更多
Scientific research requires the collection of data in order to study, monitor, analyze, describe, or understand a particular process or event. Data collection efforts are often a compromise: manual measurements can b...Scientific research requires the collection of data in order to study, monitor, analyze, describe, or understand a particular process or event. Data collection efforts are often a compromise: manual measurements can be time-consuming and labor-intensive, resulting in data being collected at a low frequency, while automating the data-collection process can reduce labor requirements and increase the frequency of measurements, but at the cost of added expense of electronic data-collecting instrumentation. Rapid advances in electronic technologies have resulted in a variety of new and inexpensive sensing, monitoring, and control capabilities which offer opportunities for implementation in agricultural and natural-resource research applications. An Open Source Hardware project called Arduino consists of a programmable microcontroller development platform, expansion capability through add-on boards, and a programming development environment for creating custom microcontroller software. All circuit-board and electronic component specifications, as well as the programming software, are open-source and freely available for anyone to use or modify. Inexpensive sensors and the Arduino development platform were used to develop several inexpensive, automated sensing and datalogging systems for use in agricultural and natural-resources related research projects. Systems were developed and implemented to monitor soil-moisture status of field crops for irrigation scheduling and crop-water use studies, to measure daily evaporation-pan water levels for quantifying evaporative demand, and to monitor environmental parameters under forested conditions. These studies demonstrate the usefulness of automated measurements, and offer guidance for other researchers in developing inexpensive sensing and monitoring systems to further their research.展开更多
Resource-scarce regions with serious COVID-19 outbreaks do not have enough ventilators to support critically ill patients,and these shortages are especially devastating in developing countries.To help alleviate this s...Resource-scarce regions with serious COVID-19 outbreaks do not have enough ventilators to support critically ill patients,and these shortages are especially devastating in developing countries.To help alleviate this strain,we have designed and tested the accessible low-barrier in vivo-validated economical ventilator(ALIVE Vent),a COVID-19-inspired,cost-effective,open-source,in vivo-validated solution made from commercially available components.The ALIVE Vent operates using compressed oxygen and air to drive inspiration,while two solenoid valves ensure one-way flow and precise cycle timing.The device was functionally tested and profiled using a variable resistance and compliance artificial lung and validated in anesthetized large animals.Our functional test results revealed its effective operation under a wide variety of ventilation conditions defined by the American Association of Respiratory Care guidelines for ventilator stockpiling.The large animal test showed that our ventilator performed similarly if not better than a standard ventilator in maintaining optimal ventilation status.The FiO2,respiratory rate,inspiratory to expiratory time ratio,positive-end expiratory pressure,and peak inspiratory pressure were successfully maintained within normal,clinically validated ranges,and the animals were recovered without any complications.In regions with limited access to ventilators,the ALIVE Vent can help alleviate shortages,and we have ensured that all used materials are publicly available.While this pandemic has elucidated enormous global inequalities in healthcare,innovative,cost-effective solutions aimed at reducing socio-economic barriers,such as the ALIVE Vent,can help enable access to prompt healthcare and life saving technology on a global scale and beyond COVID-19.展开更多
In today’s society with advanced Internet,the amount of information increases dramatically with each passing day,which leads to increasingly complex processes of open-source intelligence.Therefore,it is more importan...In today’s society with advanced Internet,the amount of information increases dramatically with each passing day,which leads to increasingly complex processes of open-source intelligence.Therefore,it is more important to rationalize the operation mode and improve the operation efficiency of open-source intelligence under the premise of satisfying users’needs.This paper focuses on the simulation study of the process system of opensource intelligence from the user’s perspective.First,the basic concept and development status of open-source intelligence are introduced in details.Second,six existing intelligence operation process models are summarized and their advantages and disadvantages are compared in focus.Based on users’preference,the open-source intelligence system simulation theory model is constructed from four aspects:intelligence collection,intelligence processing,intelligence analysis,and intelligence delivery.Meanwhile,the dynamics model of the open-source intelligence process system is constructed based on the open-source intelligence system simulation theoretical model,which specifically includes five parts:determination of system boundary,construction of causal loop diagram,construction of stock flow diagram,writing ofmathematical equations,and system sensitivity test.Finally,the system simulation results were analyzed.It was found that improving the system of intelligence agencies,opening up government affairs,improving the professional level of intelligence personnel,strengthening the communication and cooperation among personnel of various intelligence departments,and expressing intelligence products through diverse forms can effectively improve the operational efficiency of the open-source intelligence process system.展开更多
A three-year study over the Bai, Jingpo and Huayaodai communities in Yunnan Province reveals that the community development is significantly influenced in various ways by such cultural factors as the concepts of devel...A three-year study over the Bai, Jingpo and Huayaodai communities in Yunnan Province reveals that the community development is significantly influenced in various ways by such cultural factors as the concepts of development; concepts and traditions of inter-community relationships, consumption, mar- riage and gender; patterns of decision-making and production, resource and income allocation; as well as the role of information dissemination systems, religion and ritual. Based on the analysis over the interactive relevance between each factor and community development, some strategies and methods for dealing with such a cultural relevance in development projects are recommended.展开更多
In this paper,we propose a local fuzzy method based on the idea of ＂p-strong＂ community to detect the disjoint and overlapping communities in networks.In the method,a refined agglomeration rule is designed for agglo...In this paper,we propose a local fuzzy method based on the idea of ＂p-strong＂ community to detect the disjoint and overlapping communities in networks.In the method,a refined agglomeration rule is designed for agglomerating nodes into local communities,and the overlapping nodes are detected based on the idea of making each community strong.We propose a contribution coefficient bvcito measure the contribution of an overlapping node to each of its belonging communities,and the fuzzy coefficients of the overlapping node can be obtained by normalizing the bvci to all its belonging communities.The running time of our method is analyzed and varies linearly with network size.We investigate our method on the computergenerated networks and real networks.The testing results indicate that the accuracy of our method in detecting disjoint communities is higher than those of the existing local methods and our method is efficient for detecting the overlapping nodes with fuzzy coefficients.Furthermore,the local optimizing scheme used in our method allows us to partly solve the resolution problem of the global modularity.展开更多
Changes in the fungal and bacterial biomass and community structure in litter after the volcanic eruptions of Mount Usu, northern Japan were investigated using a chronosequence approach, which is widely used for analy...Changes in the fungal and bacterial biomass and community structure in litter after the volcanic eruptions of Mount Usu, northern Japan were investigated using a chronosequence approach, which is widely used for analyzing vegetation succession. The vegetation changed from bare ground （10 years after the eruptions） with little plant cover and poor soil to monotonic grassland dominated by Polygonum sachalinense with undeveloped soil （33 years） and then to deciduous broad-leaved forest dominated by Populus maximowiczii with diverse species composition and well-developed soil （100 years）. At three chronosequential sites, we evaluated the compositions of phospholipid fatty acids （PLFAs）, carbon （C） and nitrogen （N） contents and the isotope ratios of C （δ13C） and N （δ15N） in the litter of two dominant species, Polygonum sachalinense and Populus maximowiezii. The C/N ratio, δ13C and δ15N in the litter of these two species were higher in the forest than that in the bare ground and grassland. The PLFAs gradually increased from the bare ground to the forest, showing that microbial biomass increased with the development of the soil and/or vegetation. The fungi-to-bacteria ratio of PLFA was constant at 5.3 ± 1.4 in all three sites, suggesting that fungi were predominant. A canonical correspondence analysis suggested that the PLFA comoosition was related to the successional ages and the developing soil properties （P 〈 0.05, ANOSIM）. The chrono- sequential analysis effectively detected the successional changes in both microbial and plant communities.展开更多
Surface albedo is defined as the ratio of incident and reflected solar irradiance and describes the ability of a surface to reflect, rather than absorb incident solar shortwave radiation. It is thus a crucial paramete...Surface albedo is defined as the ratio of incident and reflected solar irradiance and describes the ability of a surface to reflect, rather than absorb incident solar shortwave radiation. It is thus a crucial parameter in the climate system, particularly in the polar oceans. Sea ice albedo is a main driver for light transmission into the polar oceans and thus has a high impact on ocean warming, ice melting and marine primary production. During spring and summer, sea ice albedo can exhibit a significant spatial variability caused by meltwater accumulations on the ice. While complex and expensive solutions for albedo measurements are already available, we want to present a simple open-source design that allows for affordable mapping of spatially varying surface albedo on sea ice and beyond. Our solution is based on off-the-shelf components, such as an Arduino microcontroller integrating affordable light sensors, a GPS unit, data recording on memory card and data display into a simple field strengthened unit. We provide example data from two Arctic field deployments showing the capabilities and limitations of this system.展开更多
基金This work has been supported by the National Science Foundation of China Grant No.61762092“Dynamic multi-objective requirement optimization based on transfer learning,”and the Open Foundation of the Key Laboratory in Software Engineering of Yunnan Province,Grant No.2017SE204+1 种基金“Research on extracting software feature models using transfer learning,”and the National Science Foundation of China Grant No.61762089“The key research of high order tensor decomposition in a distributed environment”.
文摘With the rise of open-source software,the social development paradigm occupies an indispensable position in the current software development process.This paper puts forward a variant of the PageRank algorithm to build the importance assessment model,which provides quantifiable importance assessment metrics for new Java projects based on Java open-source projects or components.The critical point of the model is to use crawlers to obtain relevant information about Java open-source projects in the GitHub open-source community to build a domain knowledge graph.According to the three dimensions of the Java open-source project’s project influence,project activity and project popularity,the project is measured.A modified PageRank algorithm is proposed to construct the importance evaluation model.Thereby providing quantifiable importance evaluation indicators for new Java projects based on or components of Java open-source projects.This article evaluates the importance of 4512 Java open-source projects obtained on GitHub and has a good effect.
基金supported by the National-Level Research Project on Basic Discipline of the 2.0 Base of Top-notch Students Training Program.
文摘The teaching and research section is the fundamental organizational unit for teaching and research in a university,and the virtual teaching and research section(VTRS)is crucial for the exploration of the digital transformation of new basic teaching organization construction in the information age.However,this new type of organization transcends institutional and spatial boundaries,and motivating participants and sustaining their engagement are key challenges in VTRS implementation.The VTRS for database courses(VTRS-DB)proposes an open community-based operating model,founded on the core concepts of openness,dedication,competition,and orderliness.It establishes a hierarchical organizational structure and working group operation mechanism.After two years of practical exploration,a course knowledge graph and a wealth of teaching experiment cases have been developed.A series of distinctive teaching and research methods,such as collaborative course preparation,have been implemented,and the domestic database in the classroom brand activity has been established.The VTRS-DB has incubated several national and provincial level first-class courses and has won national and provincial level teaching achievement awards,achieving significant results.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172377).
文摘An effective energy management strategy(EMS)is essential to optimize the energy efficiency of electric vehicles(EVs).With the advent of advanced machine learning techniques,the focus on developing sophisticated EMS for EVs is increasing.Here,we introduce LearningEMS:a unified framework and open-source benchmark designed to facilitate rapid development and assessment of EMS.LearningEMS is distinguished by its ability to support a variety of EV configurations,including hybrid EVs,fuel cell EVs,and plug-in EVs,offering a general platform for the development of EMS.The framework enables detailed comparisons of several EMS algorithms,encompassing imitation learning,deep reinforcement learning(RL),offline RL,model predictive control,and dynamic programming.We rigorously evaluated these algorithms across multiple perspectives:energy efficiency,consistency,adaptability,and practicability.Furthermore,we discuss state,reward,and action settings for RL in EV energy management,introduce a policy extraction and reconstruction method for learning-based EMS deployment,and conduct hardware-in-the-loop experiments.In summary,we offer a unified and comprehensive framework that comes with three distinct EV platforms,over 10000 km of EMS policy data set,ten state-of-the-art algorithms,and over 160 benchmark tasks,along with three learning libraries.Its flexible design allows easy expansion for additional tasks and applications.The open-source algorithms,models,data sets,and deployment processes foster additional research and innovation in EV and broader engineering domains.
文摘Community detection is one of the most fundamental applications in understanding the structure of complicated networks.Furthermore,it is an important approach to identifying closely linked clusters of nodes that may represent underlying patterns and relationships.Networking structures are highly sensitive in social networks,requiring advanced techniques to accurately identify the structure of these communities.Most conventional algorithms for detecting communities perform inadequately with complicated networks.In addition,they miss out on accurately identifying clusters.Since single-objective optimization cannot always generate accurate and comprehensive results,as multi-objective optimization can.Therefore,we utilized two objective functions that enable strong connections between communities and weak connections between them.In this study,we utilized the intra function,which has proven effective in state-of-the-art research studies.We proposed a new inter-function that has demonstrated its effectiveness by making the objective of detecting external connections between communities is to make them more distinct and sparse.Furthermore,we proposed a Multi-Objective community strength enhancement algorithm(MOCSE).The proposed algorithm is based on the framework of the Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm with Decomposition(MOEA/D),integrated with a new heuristic mutation strategy,community strength enhancement(CSE).The results demonstrate that the model is effective in accurately identifying community structures while also being computationally efficient.The performance measures used to evaluate the MOEA/D algorithm in our work are normalized mutual information(NMI)and modularity(Q).It was tested using five state-of-the-art algorithms on social networks,comprising real datasets(Zachary,Dolphin,Football,Krebs,SFI,Jazz,and Netscience),as well as twenty synthetic datasets.These results provide the robustness and practical value of the proposed algorithm in multi-objective community identification.
基金supported by Shanghai Municipal Natural Science Foundation,China(No.21ZR1446800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41877425)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.226-2024-00052)。
文摘Microorganisms can colonize the surface of microplastics(MPs)to form a distinctive microbiome,known as a“plastisphere”which is regarded as an anthropogenic niche for microbial growth.However,bacterial community assembly in virgin and aging MP plastispheres across different habitats is poorly understood.This study aims to assess the variations in bacterial community assembly across different niches and habitats with an in situ ex-periment,in which constructed forest wetland(FW),natural lake wetland(LW),and lotus pond wetland(LP)were habitats,and plastispheres of virgin and aging low-density polyethylene(LDPE)MPs,as well as surround-ing wetland soils were niches.Significant niche-related differences in bacterial communities were observed,with lower diversity and enrichment of potential plastic-degrading bacteria in the plastisphere than in the soil bacterial communities.Furthermore,habitat-related differences exerted a more pronounced influence on the beta-diversity patterns of the bacterial communities.The linear regression analyses indicated that the local species pool con-tributed more to bacterial community assembly in the LW wetland,whereas the relative abundance of species was the primary factor in the LP wetland.The null model analysis indicated that plastisphere bacterial communi-ties were predominantly driven by the stochastic process,with a more deterministic assembly observed in the LP wetland and soil bacterial communities.Additionally,the primary ecological process shaping plastisphere com-munities shifted from drift in the virgin LDPE to homogenising dispersal in the aging LDPE.This study provides new insights into the fate and ecological impacts of MPs in wetlands,thereby facilitating the effective regulations of plastic pollution.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42377083)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province,China(No.2025 ZNSFSC0433).
文摘In this work,ofloxacin(OFL),a kind of frequently detected antibiotic in groundwater,was selected to explore its impact(at ng/L-μg/L-level)on denitrification performance in an autotrophic denitrification system driven by pyrite/sulfur(FeS2/S0).Results showed that OFL restrained nitrate removal efficiency,and the inhibition degree was positively related to the concentration of OFL.After being exposed to increased OFL(200 ng/L-100μg/L)for 69 days,higher inhibition of electron transport activity(ETSA),enzyme activities of nitrate reductase(NAR),and nitrite reductase(NIR)were acquired.Meanwhile,the extracellular protein(PN)content of sludge samples was remarkably stimulated by OFL to resist the augmented toxicity.OFL contributed to increased microbial diversity and sulfur/sulfide oxidation functional genes in ng/L-level bioreactors,whereas led to a decline inμg/L level experiments.With OFL at concentrations of 200 ng/L and 100μg/L,the whole expression of 10 key denitrification functional genes was depressed,and the higher the OFL concentration,the lower the expression level.However,no significant proliferation of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)either in 200 ng/L-OFL or 100μg/L-OFL groups was observed.Two-factor correlation analysis results indicated that Thiobacillus,Anaerolineae,Anaerolineales,and Nitrospirae might be the main hosts of existing ARGs in this system.
文摘As a Burundian doctoral student at Nanjing University,my personal journey is closely intertwined with China’s development in the new era and the deepening China-Africa partnership.Recently,my experiences have given me a deeper appreciation of the importance of people-to-people exchanges between China and Africa.
基金supported by the Research Funds of the Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM(grant number JKS2022015)the Key Scientific Research Fund of the Anhui Provincial Education Department(grant number2023AH050610)the Anhui Natural Science Foundation(grant number 1808085QH252)。
文摘In 2021,approximately 537 million people suffered from diabetes mellitus(DM)globally,and this figure will increase to approximately 783 million within the next quarter-century.The increasing burden of DM is a pressing global public health issue.Therefore,the early identification of high-risk groups and implementation of effective intervention measures is imperative.
文摘Urinary tract infections(UTIs)are among the most prevalent pediatric bacterial infections,and undertreated episodes may lead to renal scarring,hypertension,or chronic kidney disease.Multidrug-resistant(MDR)Enterobacterales have been increasingly reported in children,with higher rates in Asian and Middle Eastern settings than in high-income countries[1,2].
文摘We present a high performance modularly-built open-source software-OpenIFEM.OpenIFEM is a C++implementation of the modified immersed finite element method(mIFEM)to solve fluid-structure interaction(FSI)problems.This software is modularly built to perform multiple tasks including fluid dynamics(incompressible and slightly compressible fluid models),linear and nonlinear solid mechanics,and fully coupled fluid-structure interactions.Most of open-source software packages are restricted to certain discretization methods;some are under-tested,under-documented,and lack modularity as well as extensibility.OpenIFEM is designed and built to include a set of generic classes for users to adapt so that any fluid and solid solvers can be coupled through the FSI algorithm.In addition,the package utilizes well-developed and tested libraries.It also comes with standard test cases that serve as software and algorithm validation.The software can be built on cross-platform,i.e.,Linux,Windows,and Mac OS,using CMake.Efficient parallelization is also implemented for high-performance computing for large-sized problems.OpenIFEM is documented using Doxygen and publicly available to download on GitHub.It is expected to benefit the future development of FSI algorithms and be applied to a variety of FSI applications.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China[Grant Number 2020YFB1708300]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant Number 52075184].
文摘Topology optimization(TO),a numerical technique to find the optimalmaterial layoutwith a given design domain,has attracted interest from researchers in the field of structural optimization in recent years.For beginners,opensource codes are undoubtedly the best alternative to learning TO,which can elaborate the implementation of a method in detail and easily engage more people to employ and extend the method.In this paper,we present a summary of various open-source codes and related literature on TO methods,including solid isotropic material with penalization(SIMP),evolutionary method,level set method(LSM),moving morphable components/voids(MMC/MMV)methods,multiscale topology optimization method,etc.Simultaneously,we classify the codes into five levels,fromeasy to difficult,depending on their difficulty,so that beginners can get started and understand the form of code implementation more quickly.
基金This work was supported by the National Social Science Foundation(NSSF)Research on intelligent recommendation of multi-modal resources for children’s graded reading in smart library(22BTQ033)the Science and Technology Research and Development Program Project of China railway group limited(Project No.2021-Special-08).
文摘With the rapid development of Open-Source(OS),more and more software projects are maintained and developed in the form of OS.These Open-Source projects depend on and influence each other,gradually forming a huge OS project network,namely an Open-Source Software ECOsystem(OSSECO).Unfortunately,not all OS projects in the open-source ecosystem can be healthy and stable in the long term,and more projects will go from active to inactive and gradually die.In a tightly connected ecosystem,the death of one project can potentially cause the collapse of the entire ecosystem network.How can we effectively prevent such situations from happening?In this paper,we first identify the basic project characteristics that affect the survival of OS projects at both project and ecosystem levels through the proportional hazards model.Then,we utilize graph convolutional networks based on the ecosystem network to extract the ecosystem environment characteristics of OS projects.Finally,we fuse basic project characteristics and environmental project characteristics and construct a Hybrid Structured Prediction Model(HSPM)to predict the OS project survival state.The experimental results show that HSPM significantly improved compared to the traditional prediction model.Our work can substantially assist OS project managers in maintaining their projects’health.It can also provide an essential reference for developers when choosing the right open-source project for their production activities.
文摘Scientific research requires the collection of data in order to study, monitor, analyze, describe, or understand a particular process or event. Data collection efforts are often a compromise: manual measurements can be time-consuming and labor-intensive, resulting in data being collected at a low frequency, while automating the data-collection process can reduce labor requirements and increase the frequency of measurements, but at the cost of added expense of electronic data-collecting instrumentation. Rapid advances in electronic technologies have resulted in a variety of new and inexpensive sensing, monitoring, and control capabilities which offer opportunities for implementation in agricultural and natural-resource research applications. An Open Source Hardware project called Arduino consists of a programmable microcontroller development platform, expansion capability through add-on boards, and a programming development environment for creating custom microcontroller software. All circuit-board and electronic component specifications, as well as the programming software, are open-source and freely available for anyone to use or modify. Inexpensive sensors and the Arduino development platform were used to develop several inexpensive, automated sensing and datalogging systems for use in agricultural and natural-resources related research projects. Systems were developed and implemented to monitor soil-moisture status of field crops for irrigation scheduling and crop-water use studies, to measure daily evaporation-pan water levels for quantifying evaporative demand, and to monitor environmental parameters under forested conditions. These studies demonstrate the usefulness of automated measurements, and offer guidance for other researchers in developing inexpensive sensing and monitoring systems to further their research.
基金the National Institutes of Health(NIH R01 HL089315-01 and NIH R01 HL152155,YJW)the Thoracic Surgery Foundation Resident Research Fellowship(YZ)the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program(AMI).
文摘Resource-scarce regions with serious COVID-19 outbreaks do not have enough ventilators to support critically ill patients,and these shortages are especially devastating in developing countries.To help alleviate this strain,we have designed and tested the accessible low-barrier in vivo-validated economical ventilator(ALIVE Vent),a COVID-19-inspired,cost-effective,open-source,in vivo-validated solution made from commercially available components.The ALIVE Vent operates using compressed oxygen and air to drive inspiration,while two solenoid valves ensure one-way flow and precise cycle timing.The device was functionally tested and profiled using a variable resistance and compliance artificial lung and validated in anesthetized large animals.Our functional test results revealed its effective operation under a wide variety of ventilation conditions defined by the American Association of Respiratory Care guidelines for ventilator stockpiling.The large animal test showed that our ventilator performed similarly if not better than a standard ventilator in maintaining optimal ventilation status.The FiO2,respiratory rate,inspiratory to expiratory time ratio,positive-end expiratory pressure,and peak inspiratory pressure were successfully maintained within normal,clinically validated ranges,and the animals were recovered without any complications.In regions with limited access to ventilators,the ALIVE Vent can help alleviate shortages,and we have ensured that all used materials are publicly available.While this pandemic has elucidated enormous global inequalities in healthcare,innovative,cost-effective solutions aimed at reducing socio-economic barriers,such as the ALIVE Vent,can help enable access to prompt healthcare and life saving technology on a global scale and beyond COVID-19.
基金supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China under the project“Research on the mechanism of developing and utilizing domestic and foreign open-source intelligence under product-oriented thinking(20BTQ049)”.
文摘In today’s society with advanced Internet,the amount of information increases dramatically with each passing day,which leads to increasingly complex processes of open-source intelligence.Therefore,it is more important to rationalize the operation mode and improve the operation efficiency of open-source intelligence under the premise of satisfying users’needs.This paper focuses on the simulation study of the process system of opensource intelligence from the user’s perspective.First,the basic concept and development status of open-source intelligence are introduced in details.Second,six existing intelligence operation process models are summarized and their advantages and disadvantages are compared in focus.Based on users’preference,the open-source intelligence system simulation theory model is constructed from four aspects:intelligence collection,intelligence processing,intelligence analysis,and intelligence delivery.Meanwhile,the dynamics model of the open-source intelligence process system is constructed based on the open-source intelligence system simulation theoretical model,which specifically includes five parts:determination of system boundary,construction of causal loop diagram,construction of stock flow diagram,writing ofmathematical equations,and system sensitivity test.Finally,the system simulation results were analyzed.It was found that improving the system of intelligence agencies,opening up government affairs,improving the professional level of intelligence personnel,strengthening the communication and cooperation among personnel of various intelligence departments,and expressing intelligence products through diverse forms can effectively improve the operational efficiency of the open-source intelligence process system.
文摘A three-year study over the Bai, Jingpo and Huayaodai communities in Yunnan Province reveals that the community development is significantly influenced in various ways by such cultural factors as the concepts of development; concepts and traditions of inter-community relationships, consumption, mar- riage and gender; patterns of decision-making and production, resource and income allocation; as well as the role of information dissemination systems, religion and ritual. Based on the analysis over the interactive relevance between each factor and community development, some strategies and methods for dealing with such a cultural relevance in development projects are recommended.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51278101 and 51578149)the Science and Technology Program of Ministry of Transport of China(Grant No.2015318J33080)+1 种基金the Jiangsu Provincial Post-doctoral Science Foundation,China(Grant No.1501046B)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Grant No.Y0201500219)
文摘In this paper,we propose a local fuzzy method based on the idea of ＂p-strong＂ community to detect the disjoint and overlapping communities in networks.In the method,a refined agglomeration rule is designed for agglomerating nodes into local communities,and the overlapping nodes are detected based on the idea of making each community strong.We propose a contribution coefficient bvcito measure the contribution of an overlapping node to each of its belonging communities,and the fuzzy coefficients of the overlapping node can be obtained by normalizing the bvci to all its belonging communities.The running time of our method is analyzed and varies linearly with network size.We investigate our method on the computergenerated networks and real networks.The testing results indicate that the accuracy of our method in detecting disjoint communities is higher than those of the existing local methods and our method is efficient for detecting the overlapping nodes with fuzzy coefficients.Furthermore,the local optimizing scheme used in our method allows us to partly solve the resolution problem of the global modularity.
文摘Changes in the fungal and bacterial biomass and community structure in litter after the volcanic eruptions of Mount Usu, northern Japan were investigated using a chronosequence approach, which is widely used for analyzing vegetation succession. The vegetation changed from bare ground （10 years after the eruptions） with little plant cover and poor soil to monotonic grassland dominated by Polygonum sachalinense with undeveloped soil （33 years） and then to deciduous broad-leaved forest dominated by Populus maximowiczii with diverse species composition and well-developed soil （100 years）. At three chronosequential sites, we evaluated the compositions of phospholipid fatty acids （PLFAs）, carbon （C） and nitrogen （N） contents and the isotope ratios of C （δ13C） and N （δ15N） in the litter of two dominant species, Polygonum sachalinense and Populus maximowiezii. The C/N ratio, δ13C and δ15N in the litter of these two species were higher in the forest than that in the bare ground and grassland. The PLFAs gradually increased from the bare ground to the forest, showing that microbial biomass increased with the development of the soil and/or vegetation. The fungi-to-bacteria ratio of PLFA was constant at 5.3 ± 1.4 in all three sites, suggesting that fungi were predominant. A canonical correspondence analysis suggested that the PLFA comoosition was related to the successional ages and the developing soil properties （P 〈 0.05, ANOSIM）. The chrono- sequential analysis effectively detected the successional changes in both microbial and plant communities.
基金the Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar und Meeresforschungthe Helmholtz infrastructure initiative “Frontiers in Arctic marine Monitoring” (FRAM) for funding this projectfunded by a Sentinel North Postdoctoral Research Fellowship at Université Laval, Canada
文摘Surface albedo is defined as the ratio of incident and reflected solar irradiance and describes the ability of a surface to reflect, rather than absorb incident solar shortwave radiation. It is thus a crucial parameter in the climate system, particularly in the polar oceans. Sea ice albedo is a main driver for light transmission into the polar oceans and thus has a high impact on ocean warming, ice melting and marine primary production. During spring and summer, sea ice albedo can exhibit a significant spatial variability caused by meltwater accumulations on the ice. While complex and expensive solutions for albedo measurements are already available, we want to present a simple open-source design that allows for affordable mapping of spatially varying surface albedo on sea ice and beyond. Our solution is based on off-the-shelf components, such as an Arduino microcontroller integrating affordable light sensors, a GPS unit, data recording on memory card and data display into a simple field strengthened unit. We provide example data from two Arctic field deployments showing the capabilities and limitations of this system.
