In May 2024,scientists were excited but disappointed when Google DeepMind(USA)launched AlphaFold3(AF3),the latest ver-sion of its artificial intelligence(AI)program for predicting protein folding[1-3].
Ensuring software quality in open⁃source environments requires adaptive mechanisms to enhance scalability,optimize service provisioning,and improve reliability.This study presents the dynamic correlation analysis tech...Ensuring software quality in open⁃source environments requires adaptive mechanisms to enhance scalability,optimize service provisioning,and improve reliability.This study presents the dynamic correlation analysis technique to enhance software quality management in open⁃source environments by addressing dynamic scalability,adaptive service provisioning,and software reliability.The proposed methodology integrates a scalability metric,an optimized service provisioning model,and a weighted entropy⁃based reliability assessment to systematically improve key performance parameters.Experimental evaluation conducted on multiple open⁃source software(OSS)versions demonstrates significant improvements:scalability increased by 27.5%,service provisioning time reduced by 18.3%,and software reliability improved by 22.1%compared to baseline methods.A comparative analysis with prior works further highlights the effectiveness of this approach in ensuring adaptability,efficiency,and resilience in dynamic software ecosystems.Future work will focus on real⁃time monitoring and AI⁃driven adaptive provisioning to further enhance software quality management.展开更多
In the era of AI,especially large models,the importance of open source has become increasingly prominent.First,open source allows innovation to avoid starting from scratch.Through iterative innovation,it promotes tech...In the era of AI,especially large models,the importance of open source has become increasingly prominent.First,open source allows innovation to avoid starting from scratch.Through iterative innovation,it promotes technical exchanges and learning globally.Second,resources required for large model R&D are difficult for a single institution to obtain.The evaluation of general large models also requires the participation of experts from various industries.Third,without open source collaboration,it is difficult to form a unified upper-layer software ecosystem.Therefore,open source has become an important cooperation mechanism to promote the development of AI and large models.There are two cases to illustrate how open source and international standards interact with each other.展开更多
For technical and other reasons there is a dilemma that data providers cannot find an appropriate way to redistribute spatial forest data and data users who need spatial data cannot access and integrate available fore...For technical and other reasons there is a dilemma that data providers cannot find an appropriate way to redistribute spatial forest data and data users who need spatial data cannot access and integrate available forest resources information. To overcome this dilemma, this paper proposed a spatial forest information system based on Web service using an open source software approach. With Web service based architecture, the system can enable interoperability, integrate Web services from other application servers, reuse codes, and shorten the development time and cost. At the same time, it is possible to extend the local system to a regional or national spatial forest information system. The growth of Open Source Software （OSS） provides an alternative choice to proprietary software for operating systems, web servers, Web-based GIS applications and database management systems. Using open source software to develop spatial forest information systems can greatly reduce the cost while providing high performance and sharing spatial forest information. We chose open source software to build a prototype system for Xixia County, Henan Province, China. By integrating OSS packages Deegree and UMN MapServer which are compliant to the OGC open specifications, the prototype system enables users to access spatial forest information and travelling information of Xixia County which come from two different data servers via a standard Web browser and promotes spatial forest information sharing.展开更多
This paper empirically investigates the relationships between 15 design metrics and maintainability of 148 Java open source software. The results show that size and complexity metrics are strongly related to the maint...This paper empirically investigates the relationships between 15 design metrics and maintainability of 148 Java open source software. The results show that size and complexity metrics are strongly related to the maintainability of open source software. However, cohesion and coupling, as currently captured by existing metrics, do not seem to have a significant impact on maintainability. When used together, these metrics can predict system maintainability fairly accurately （mean MREs below 30%）.展开更多
Tourism in developing countries are some means of solving their economic problems and improving live standards of people and creates job opportunity for the host people in getting additional income and improve the dev...Tourism in developing countries are some means of solving their economic problems and improving live standards of people and creates job opportunity for the host people in getting additional income and improve the developments of the country. The result of tourism in terms of environmental, cultural, economic and social aspects has a greater effect for Ethiopia. Gondar, the center of Ethiopian art and culture, is famous in its many Imperial castles and the design and decoration of its churches. This land of castles and churches was founded by Emperor Fasiladas in 1930s and served as tourist attraction sites all over the world. The main challenge to attract international tourists in the study area is Scarce and insufficient promotion of the tourist attraction sites, Lack of broad information based on the internet about tourism information, and lack of organized information about tourism facilities & destinations. This study tries to identify tourist attraction elements of Gondor town and its surrounding area & to identify non spatial data’s essential for touristic activities to develop & propose a web based GIS portal for the improvement of tourism activity in the town. The main target of developing a web based GIS interactive map is to promote and improve tourism industry of the area. It has been produced using free and open source software’s for fast processing, displaying, sharing, and distribution of tourism information using world wide web. For the web services PHP, HTML script language and QGIS2leaflet plugins are used in the development of web GIS portal.展开更多
The rapid development of the technology of the web systems and GIS, in conjunction with the world economic crisis, formed the content for the promotion and development of free systems and open-source technologies. At ...The rapid development of the technology of the web systems and GIS, in conjunction with the world economic crisis, formed the content for the promotion and development of free systems and open-source technologies. At the same time, the tendency toward the standardization of data, metadata and services, with the aim of creating common “Language” for the reading and the dissemination of information available, is a basic research area in the global scientific community in this field. The development of WebGIS systems, taking advantage of the free technology, also contributes to finding more economical solutions, where the use of such systems is more directly accessible. The aim of this research work is, through the analysis of technologies for the Internet, and also the architecture of the WebGIS systems, to investigate the possibilities and to develop the appropriate free technologies, so as to design and implement a spatial content management system for the web. Search with the use of the latter, is the best response to the needs and visualization application maps, with scope in rural areas. In addition, reference is made to the existing content management systems, which provide both processing spatial data, and easily create a WebGIS application.展开更多
This paper gave a general evaluation on existing three popular free and open source desktop GIS projects,according to the selected evaluation criteria.To further the understanding of the open source software,this pape...This paper gave a general evaluation on existing three popular free and open source desktop GIS projects,according to the selected evaluation criteria.To further the understanding of the open source software,this paper also presented a customization example of QGIS with python and PyQT.展开更多
Open source intelligence is one of the most important public data sources for strategic information analysis. One of the primary and core issues of strategic information research is information perception,so this pape...Open source intelligence is one of the most important public data sources for strategic information analysis. One of the primary and core issues of strategic information research is information perception,so this paper mainly expounds the perception method for strategic information perception in the open source intelligence environment as well as the framework and basic process of information perception. This paper argues that in order to match the information perception result with the information depiction result,it conducts practical exploration for the results of information acquisition,perception,depiction and analysis. This paper introduces and develops a monitoring platform for information perception. The results show that the method proposed in this paper is feasible.展开更多
Scientific research requires the collection of data in order to study, monitor, analyze, describe, or understand a particular process or event. Data collection efforts are often a compromise: manual measurements can b...Scientific research requires the collection of data in order to study, monitor, analyze, describe, or understand a particular process or event. Data collection efforts are often a compromise: manual measurements can be time-consuming and labor-intensive, resulting in data being collected at a low frequency, while automating the data-collection process can reduce labor requirements and increase the frequency of measurements, but at the cost of added expense of electronic data-collecting instrumentation. Rapid advances in electronic technologies have resulted in a variety of new and inexpensive sensing, monitoring, and control capabilities which offer opportunities for implementation in agricultural and natural-resource research applications. An Open Source Hardware project called Arduino consists of a programmable microcontroller development platform, expansion capability through add-on boards, and a programming development environment for creating custom microcontroller software. All circuit-board and electronic component specifications, as well as the programming software, are open-source and freely available for anyone to use or modify. Inexpensive sensors and the Arduino development platform were used to develop several inexpensive, automated sensing and datalogging systems for use in agricultural and natural-resources related research projects. Systems were developed and implemented to monitor soil-moisture status of field crops for irrigation scheduling and crop-water use studies, to measure daily evaporation-pan water levels for quantifying evaporative demand, and to monitor environmental parameters under forested conditions. These studies demonstrate the usefulness of automated measurements, and offer guidance for other researchers in developing inexpensive sensing and monitoring systems to further their research.展开更多
Although open source softwares (OSS) for GIS and Remote Sensing are rapidly expanding and improving in the global context, there has been uncertainty at higher education institutions in developing countries, such as t...Although open source softwares (OSS) for GIS and Remote Sensing are rapidly expanding and improving in the global context, there has been uncertainty at higher education institutions in developing countries, such as the department of forestry (Dfo) at Unitech, Papua New Guinea (PNG), regarding appropriate GIS softwares and hardware to acquire and use for teaching and research purposes. The paper briefly describes the characteristics of some mature OSS and discusses their main capabilities, advantages and disadvantages. Their adoption in the Dfo curricula may be advantageous in the long term, considering issues of learning curve steepness, versatility, affordability, effectiveness, and documentation available on them.展开更多
With the rapid development of lnternet technology, the volume of data has increased exponentially. As the large amounts of data are no longer easy to be managed and secured by the owners, big data security and privacy...With the rapid development of lnternet technology, the volume of data has increased exponentially. As the large amounts of data are no longer easy to be managed and secured by the owners, big data security and privacy has become a hot issue. One of the most popular research fields for solving the data security and data privacy is within the scope of big data governance and security, In this paper, we introduce the basic concepts of data governance and security. Then, all the state-of-the-art open source frameworks for data governance and security, including Apache Falcon, Apache Atlas, Apache Ranger, Apache Sentry and Kerberos, are detailed and discussed with descriptions of their implementation principles and possible applications.展开更多
Geoportals have been the primary source of spatial information to researchers in diverse fields.Recent years have seen a growing trend to integrate spatial analysis and geovisual analytics inside Geoportals.Researcher...Geoportals have been the primary source of spatial information to researchers in diverse fields.Recent years have seen a growing trend to integrate spatial analysis and geovisual analytics inside Geoportals.Researchers could use the Geoportal to conduct basic analysis without offline processing.In practice,domain-specific analysis often requires researchers to integrate heterogeneous data sources,leverage new statistical models,or build their own customized models.These tasks are increasingly being tackled with open source tools in programming languages such as Python or R.However,it is unrealistic to incorporate the numerous open source tools in a Geoportal platform for data processing and analysis.This work provides an exploratory effort to bridge Geoportals and open source tools through Python scripting.The Geoportal demonstrated in this work is the Urban and Regional Explorer for China studies.A python package is provided to manipulate this platform in the local programming environment.The server side of the Geoportal implements a set of service endpoints that allows the package to upload,transform,and process user data and seamlessly integrate them into the existing datasets.A case study is provided that illustrated the use of this package to conduct integrated analyses of search engine data and baseline census data.This work attempts a new direction in Geoportal development,which could further promote the transformation of Geoportals into online analytical workbenches.展开更多
Comparative space-time thinking lies at the heart of spatiotemporally integrated social sciences. The multiple dimensions and scales of socioeconomic dynamics pose numerous challenges for the application and evaluatio...Comparative space-time thinking lies at the heart of spatiotemporally integrated social sciences. The multiple dimensions and scales of socioeconomic dynamics pose numerous challenges for the application and evaluation of public policies in the comparative context. At the same time, social scientists have been slow to adopt and implement new spatiotemporally explicit methods of data analysis due to the lack of extensible software packages, which becomes a major impediment to the promotion of spatiotemporal thinking. The proposed framework will address this need by developing a set of research questions based on space-time-distributional features of socioeconomic datasets. The authors aim to develop, evaluate, and implement this framework in an open source toolkit to comprehensively quantify the changes and level of hidden variation of space-time datasets across scales and dimensions. Free access to the source code allows a broader community to incorporate additional advances in perspectives and methods, thus facilitating interdisciplinary collaboration. Being written in Python, it is entirely cross-platform, lowering transmission costs in research and education.展开更多
Advancements in neuroscience research present opportunities and challenges,requiring substantial resources and funding.To address this,we describe here“Poke And Delayed Drink Intertemporal Choice Task(POKE-ADDICT)”,...Advancements in neuroscience research present opportunities and challenges,requiring substantial resources and funding.To address this,we describe here“Poke And Delayed Drink Intertemporal Choice Task(POKE-ADDICT)”,an open-source,versatile,and cost-effective apparatus for intertemporal choice testing in rodents.This allows quantification of delay discounting(DD),a cross-species phenomenon observed in decision making which provides valuable insights into higher-order cognitive functioning.In DD,the subjective value of a delayed reward is reduced as a function of the delay for its receipt.Using our apparatus,we implemented an effective intertemporal choice paradigm for the quantification of DD based on an adjusting delayed amount(ADA)algorithm using mango juice as a reward.Our paradigm requires limited training,a few 3D-printed parts and inexpensive electrical components,including a Raspberry Pi control unit.Furthermore,it is compatible with several in vivo procedures and the use of nose pokes instead of levers allows for faster task learning.Besides the main application described here,the apparatus can be further extended to implement other behavioral tests and protocols,including standard operant conditioning.In conclusion,we describe a versatile and cost-effective design based on Raspberry Pi that can support research in animal behavior,decision making and,more specifically,delay discounting.展开更多
The lack of current network dynamics studies that evaluate the effects of new application and protocol deployment or long-term studies that observe the effect of incremental changes on the Internet, and the change in ...The lack of current network dynamics studies that evaluate the effects of new application and protocol deployment or long-term studies that observe the effect of incremental changes on the Internet, and the change in the overall stability of the Internet under various conditions and threats has made network monitoring challenging. A good understanding of the nature and type of network traffic is the key to solving congestion problems. In this paper we describe the architecture and implementation of a scalable network traffic moni-toring and analysis system. The gigabit interface on the monitoring system was configured to capture network traffic and the Multi Router Traffic Grapher (MRTG) and Webalizer produces graphical and detailed traffic analysis. This system is in use at the Obafemi Awolowo University, IleIfe, Nigeria;we describe how this system can be replicated in another environment.展开更多
文摘In May 2024,scientists were excited but disappointed when Google DeepMind(USA)launched AlphaFold3(AF3),the latest ver-sion of its artificial intelligence(AI)program for predicting protein folding[1-3].
文摘Ensuring software quality in open⁃source environments requires adaptive mechanisms to enhance scalability,optimize service provisioning,and improve reliability.This study presents the dynamic correlation analysis technique to enhance software quality management in open⁃source environments by addressing dynamic scalability,adaptive service provisioning,and software reliability.The proposed methodology integrates a scalability metric,an optimized service provisioning model,and a weighted entropy⁃based reliability assessment to systematically improve key performance parameters.Experimental evaluation conducted on multiple open⁃source software(OSS)versions demonstrates significant improvements:scalability increased by 27.5%,service provisioning time reduced by 18.3%,and software reliability improved by 22.1%compared to baseline methods.A comparative analysis with prior works further highlights the effectiveness of this approach in ensuring adaptability,efficiency,and resilience in dynamic software ecosystems.Future work will focus on real⁃time monitoring and AI⁃driven adaptive provisioning to further enhance software quality management.
文摘In the era of AI,especially large models,the importance of open source has become increasingly prominent.First,open source allows innovation to avoid starting from scratch.Through iterative innovation,it promotes technical exchanges and learning globally.Second,resources required for large model R&D are difficult for a single institution to obtain.The evaluation of general large models also requires the participation of experts from various industries.Third,without open source collaboration,it is difficult to form a unified upper-layer software ecosystem.Therefore,open source has become an important cooperation mechanism to promote the development of AI and large models.There are two cases to illustrate how open source and international standards interact with each other.
基金the National 863 program (2003AA131020-06)the programme Young scientists from extra-European countries to Lower Saxony.
文摘For technical and other reasons there is a dilemma that data providers cannot find an appropriate way to redistribute spatial forest data and data users who need spatial data cannot access and integrate available forest resources information. To overcome this dilemma, this paper proposed a spatial forest information system based on Web service using an open source software approach. With Web service based architecture, the system can enable interoperability, integrate Web services from other application servers, reuse codes, and shorten the development time and cost. At the same time, it is possible to extend the local system to a regional or national spatial forest information system. The growth of Open Source Software （OSS） provides an alternative choice to proprietary software for operating systems, web servers, Web-based GIS applications and database management systems. Using open source software to develop spatial forest information systems can greatly reduce the cost while providing high performance and sharing spatial forest information. We chose open source software to build a prototype system for Xixia County, Henan Province, China. By integrating OSS packages Deegree and UMN MapServer which are compliant to the OGC open specifications, the prototype system enables users to access spatial forest information and travelling information of Xixia County which come from two different data servers via a standard Web browser and promotes spatial forest information sharing.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60425206, 60633010)the High Technology Research Project of Jiangsu Province (BG2005032)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (20060286020)
文摘This paper empirically investigates the relationships between 15 design metrics and maintainability of 148 Java open source software. The results show that size and complexity metrics are strongly related to the maintainability of open source software. However, cohesion and coupling, as currently captured by existing metrics, do not seem to have a significant impact on maintainability. When used together, these metrics can predict system maintainability fairly accurately （mean MREs below 30%）.
文摘Tourism in developing countries are some means of solving their economic problems and improving live standards of people and creates job opportunity for the host people in getting additional income and improve the developments of the country. The result of tourism in terms of environmental, cultural, economic and social aspects has a greater effect for Ethiopia. Gondar, the center of Ethiopian art and culture, is famous in its many Imperial castles and the design and decoration of its churches. This land of castles and churches was founded by Emperor Fasiladas in 1930s and served as tourist attraction sites all over the world. The main challenge to attract international tourists in the study area is Scarce and insufficient promotion of the tourist attraction sites, Lack of broad information based on the internet about tourism information, and lack of organized information about tourism facilities & destinations. This study tries to identify tourist attraction elements of Gondor town and its surrounding area & to identify non spatial data’s essential for touristic activities to develop & propose a web based GIS portal for the improvement of tourism activity in the town. The main target of developing a web based GIS interactive map is to promote and improve tourism industry of the area. It has been produced using free and open source software’s for fast processing, displaying, sharing, and distribution of tourism information using world wide web. For the web services PHP, HTML script language and QGIS2leaflet plugins are used in the development of web GIS portal.
文摘The rapid development of the technology of the web systems and GIS, in conjunction with the world economic crisis, formed the content for the promotion and development of free systems and open-source technologies. At the same time, the tendency toward the standardization of data, metadata and services, with the aim of creating common “Language” for the reading and the dissemination of information available, is a basic research area in the global scientific community in this field. The development of WebGIS systems, taking advantage of the free technology, also contributes to finding more economical solutions, where the use of such systems is more directly accessible. The aim of this research work is, through the analysis of technologies for the Internet, and also the architecture of the WebGIS systems, to investigate the possibilities and to develop the appropriate free technologies, so as to design and implement a spatial content management system for the web. Search with the use of the latter, is the best response to the needs and visualization application maps, with scope in rural areas. In addition, reference is made to the existing content management systems, which provide both processing spatial data, and easily create a WebGIS application.
文摘This paper gave a general evaluation on existing three popular free and open source desktop GIS projects,according to the selected evaluation criteria.To further the understanding of the open source software,this paper also presented a customization example of QGIS with python and PyQT.
基金Supported by the National Social Science Fund Project(No.18BTQ054)
文摘Open source intelligence is one of the most important public data sources for strategic information analysis. One of the primary and core issues of strategic information research is information perception,so this paper mainly expounds the perception method for strategic information perception in the open source intelligence environment as well as the framework and basic process of information perception. This paper argues that in order to match the information perception result with the information depiction result,it conducts practical exploration for the results of information acquisition,perception,depiction and analysis. This paper introduces and develops a monitoring platform for information perception. The results show that the method proposed in this paper is feasible.
文摘Scientific research requires the collection of data in order to study, monitor, analyze, describe, or understand a particular process or event. Data collection efforts are often a compromise: manual measurements can be time-consuming and labor-intensive, resulting in data being collected at a low frequency, while automating the data-collection process can reduce labor requirements and increase the frequency of measurements, but at the cost of added expense of electronic data-collecting instrumentation. Rapid advances in electronic technologies have resulted in a variety of new and inexpensive sensing, monitoring, and control capabilities which offer opportunities for implementation in agricultural and natural-resource research applications. An Open Source Hardware project called Arduino consists of a programmable microcontroller development platform, expansion capability through add-on boards, and a programming development environment for creating custom microcontroller software. All circuit-board and electronic component specifications, as well as the programming software, are open-source and freely available for anyone to use or modify. Inexpensive sensors and the Arduino development platform were used to develop several inexpensive, automated sensing and datalogging systems for use in agricultural and natural-resources related research projects. Systems were developed and implemented to monitor soil-moisture status of field crops for irrigation scheduling and crop-water use studies, to measure daily evaporation-pan water levels for quantifying evaporative demand, and to monitor environmental parameters under forested conditions. These studies demonstrate the usefulness of automated measurements, and offer guidance for other researchers in developing inexpensive sensing and monitoring systems to further their research.
文摘Although open source softwares (OSS) for GIS and Remote Sensing are rapidly expanding and improving in the global context, there has been uncertainty at higher education institutions in developing countries, such as the department of forestry (Dfo) at Unitech, Papua New Guinea (PNG), regarding appropriate GIS softwares and hardware to acquire and use for teaching and research purposes. The paper briefly describes the characteristics of some mature OSS and discusses their main capabilities, advantages and disadvantages. Their adoption in the Dfo curricula may be advantageous in the long term, considering issues of learning curve steepness, versatility, affordability, effectiveness, and documentation available on them.
文摘With the rapid development of lnternet technology, the volume of data has increased exponentially. As the large amounts of data are no longer easy to be managed and secured by the owners, big data security and privacy has become a hot issue. One of the most popular research fields for solving the data security and data privacy is within the scope of big data governance and security, In this paper, we introduce the basic concepts of data governance and security. Then, all the state-of-the-art open source frameworks for data governance and security, including Apache Falcon, Apache Atlas, Apache Ranger, Apache Sentry and Kerberos, are detailed and discussed with descriptions of their implementation principles and possible applications.
文摘Geoportals have been the primary source of spatial information to researchers in diverse fields.Recent years have seen a growing trend to integrate spatial analysis and geovisual analytics inside Geoportals.Researchers could use the Geoportal to conduct basic analysis without offline processing.In practice,domain-specific analysis often requires researchers to integrate heterogeneous data sources,leverage new statistical models,or build their own customized models.These tasks are increasingly being tackled with open source tools in programming languages such as Python or R.However,it is unrealistic to incorporate the numerous open source tools in a Geoportal platform for data processing and analysis.This work provides an exploratory effort to bridge Geoportals and open source tools through Python scripting.The Geoportal demonstrated in this work is the Urban and Regional Explorer for China studies.A python package is provided to manipulate this platform in the local programming environment.The server side of the Geoportal implements a set of service endpoints that allows the package to upload,transform,and process user data and seamlessly integrate them into the existing datasets.A case study is provided that illustrated the use of this package to conduct integrated analyses of search engine data and baseline census data.This work attempts a new direction in Geoportal development,which could further promote the transformation of Geoportals into online analytical workbenches.
基金Under the auspices of Humanities and Social Science Research,Major Project of Chinese Ministry of Education(No.13JJD790008)Basic Research Funds of National Higher Education Institutions of China(No.2722013JC030)+2 种基金Zhongnan University of Economics and Law 2012 Talent Grant(No.31541210702)Key Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KZZD-EW-06-03,KSZD-EW-Z-021-03)National Key Science and Technology Support Program of China(No.2012BAH35B03)
文摘Comparative space-time thinking lies at the heart of spatiotemporally integrated social sciences. The multiple dimensions and scales of socioeconomic dynamics pose numerous challenges for the application and evaluation of public policies in the comparative context. At the same time, social scientists have been slow to adopt and implement new spatiotemporally explicit methods of data analysis due to the lack of extensible software packages, which becomes a major impediment to the promotion of spatiotemporal thinking. The proposed framework will address this need by developing a set of research questions based on space-time-distributional features of socioeconomic datasets. The authors aim to develop, evaluate, and implement this framework in an open source toolkit to comprehensively quantify the changes and level of hidden variation of space-time datasets across scales and dimensions. Free access to the source code allows a broader community to incorporate additional advances in perspectives and methods, thus facilitating interdisciplinary collaboration. Being written in Python, it is entirely cross-platform, lowering transmission costs in research and education.
文摘Advancements in neuroscience research present opportunities and challenges,requiring substantial resources and funding.To address this,we describe here“Poke And Delayed Drink Intertemporal Choice Task(POKE-ADDICT)”,an open-source,versatile,and cost-effective apparatus for intertemporal choice testing in rodents.This allows quantification of delay discounting(DD),a cross-species phenomenon observed in decision making which provides valuable insights into higher-order cognitive functioning.In DD,the subjective value of a delayed reward is reduced as a function of the delay for its receipt.Using our apparatus,we implemented an effective intertemporal choice paradigm for the quantification of DD based on an adjusting delayed amount(ADA)algorithm using mango juice as a reward.Our paradigm requires limited training,a few 3D-printed parts and inexpensive electrical components,including a Raspberry Pi control unit.Furthermore,it is compatible with several in vivo procedures and the use of nose pokes instead of levers allows for faster task learning.Besides the main application described here,the apparatus can be further extended to implement other behavioral tests and protocols,including standard operant conditioning.In conclusion,we describe a versatile and cost-effective design based on Raspberry Pi that can support research in animal behavior,decision making and,more specifically,delay discounting.
文摘The lack of current network dynamics studies that evaluate the effects of new application and protocol deployment or long-term studies that observe the effect of incremental changes on the Internet, and the change in the overall stability of the Internet under various conditions and threats has made network monitoring challenging. A good understanding of the nature and type of network traffic is the key to solving congestion problems. In this paper we describe the architecture and implementation of a scalable network traffic moni-toring and analysis system. The gigabit interface on the monitoring system was configured to capture network traffic and the Multi Router Traffic Grapher (MRTG) and Webalizer produces graphical and detailed traffic analysis. This system is in use at the Obafemi Awolowo University, IleIfe, Nigeria;we describe how this system can be replicated in another environment.
