There are concerns about the safety issues of dump slope in the open-cast mining pit because of the risk of catastrophic destruction caused by slope failures that are related to several factors, such as atmospheric co...There are concerns about the safety issues of dump slope in the open-cast mining pit because of the risk of catastrophic destruction caused by slope failures that are related to several factors, such as atmospheric conditions(especially precipitation), vegetation and some others. The aim of this study is to investigate the hydrological regime in a dump slope and the influence of the saturation degree on the stability of dump slopes with consideration of precipitation and vegetation using the program of PCSiWaPro~?. Based on the hydrological simulation conducted through PCSiWaPro~?, the calculation of the Factor of Safety(Fs) in the dump slope using Geo-slope Software was improved with further consideration of soil-water weight in the unsaturated dump slope and the influence of water content on the variation of soil property parameters(e.g. cohesion).展开更多
The artificial neural network model which forecasts Open Mining Slope stability is established by neural network theory and method. The nonlinear reflection relation between stability target of open mining slope and i...The artificial neural network model which forecasts Open Mining Slope stability is established by neural network theory and method. The nonlinear reflection relation between stability target of open mining slope and its influence factor is described. The method of forecasting Open Mining Slope stability is brought forward.展开更多
The present study has been carried out on a total of 50 available plant species to assess their dust-capturing capacity and biochemical performances in and around open cast granite mine areas of Jhansi district and Bu...The present study has been carried out on a total of 50 available plant species to assess their dust-capturing capacity and biochemical performances in and around open cast granite mine areas of Jhansi district and Bundelkhand University campus treated as control site. Plant species existing under a polluted environment for a long time may be considered as potentially resistant species and recommended for green belt design in mining areas, especially to cope with dust pollution. Results showed the pollution level, especially of mining-originated dust particles holding capacity of leaves and effects of different biochemical parameters (Total Chlorophyll, Protein and Carotenoid) of existing plant species both from mining areas as well as from Bundelkhand University campus. Based on their performances, Tectona grandis L., Ficus hispida L., Calotropis procera Aiton., Butea monosperma Lam. and Ficus benghalensis L., etc. are highly tolerant species while Ficus infectoria L., Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam., Ipomoea purpurea L., Allianthus excelsa Roxb. and Bauhinia variegata L. are intermediate tolerant species. T. grandis had shown the highest dust-holding capacity (2.566 ± 0.0004 mg/cm2) whereas Albizia procera (0.018 ± 0.0002 mg/cm2) was found to be the lowest dust-holding capacity. Our findings also showed that the T. grandis and F. hispida have significant dust deposition with minimal effect of dust on their leaf chlorophyll (17.447 ± 0.019 mg/g and 14.703 ± 0.201 mg/g), protein (0.699 ± 0.001 mg/g and 0.604 ± 0.002 mg/g) and carotenoid (0.372 ± 0.003 mg/g and 0.354 ± 0.003 mg/g) content respectively among all selected plant species. Therefore, in the present investigation, plant species with high tolerance to high dust-holding capacity on their leaf surfaces are preferable for green corridors as open cast granite mines and their adjacent areas.展开更多
With the rapid development of modern science and technology, UAV aerial photography technology is also more and more applied to the monitoring of open-pit mines, greatly improving the efficiency of open-pit mining. Co...With the rapid development of modern science and technology, UAV aerial photography technology is also more and more applied to the monitoring of open-pit mines, greatly improving the efficiency of open-pit mining. Compared with the traditional detection technology, UAV aerial photography technology has irreplaceable advantages. This paper analyzes the measurement accuracy and available reserves measurement of aerial photography, expounds the functions of aerial photography technology in open-air excavation, and sums up the main advantages of aerial photography technology in open-air excavation, so as to provide some reference suggestions for improving the mining efficiency and monitoring accuracy.展开更多
A laser technique based scanning system was employed to make a comprehensive scanning through borehole forunmapped cavity under open pit bench,then the three-dimensional data will be obtained,and these data were used ...A laser technique based scanning system was employed to make a comprehensive scanning through borehole forunmapped cavity under open pit bench,then the three-dimensional data will be obtained,and these data were used for theoreticalanalysis and numerical simulation to analyze the stability of cap rock.Acoustic emission techniques were also adopted to carry outlong term real time rupture monitoring in cap rock.Therefore,a complete safety evaluation system for the cap rock was establishedto ensure safe operation of subsequent blasting processes.The ideal way of eliminating collapse hazard of such cavity is cap rockcaving through deep-hole blasting,thus,two deep-hole blasting schemes named as vertical deep-hole blasting scheme and one-timeraise driving integrated with deep-hole bench blasting scheme were proposed.The vertical deep-hole blasting scheme has moreexplosive consumption,but the relatively simple blasting net work structure can greatly reduce workloads.However,the one-timeraise driving integrated with deep-hole bench blasting scheme can obviously reduce explosive consumption,but the higher technicalrequirements on drilling,explosive charging and blasting network will increase workloads.展开更多
Reserve estimation is a key to find the correct NPV in a mining project. The most important factor in reserve estimation is the metal price. Metal price fluctuations in recent years were exaggerated, and imposed a hig...Reserve estimation is a key to find the correct NPV in a mining project. The most important factor in reserve estimation is the metal price. Metal price fluctuations in recent years were exaggerated, and imposed a high degree of uncertainty to the reserve estimation, and in consequence to the whole mine planning procedure. Real option approach is an efficient method of decision making in the uncertain conditions. This approach has been used for evaluation of defined natural resources projects until now. This study considering the metal price uncertainty used real option approach to prepare a methodology for reserve estimation in open pit mines. This study was done on a copper cylindrical deposit, but the achieved methodology can be adjusted for all kinds of deposits. This methodology was comprehensively described through the examples in such a manner that can be used by the mine planners.展开更多
Through the research on the model of the land reclamation in the refuse dumpof Heidaigou open coal mines,it was concerned that ecology was the theoretical basic forthe land reclamation of open coal mines.According to ...Through the research on the model of the land reclamation in the refuse dumpof Heidaigou open coal mines,it was concerned that ecology was the theoretical basic forthe land reclamation of open coal mines.According to the principle of ecological substitut-ing,the land reclamation can be divided into three stages:water and soil conservation,ecological performance and economic performance.Taking the land reclamation in the re-fuse dump of Heidaigou open coal mines as the practical example,explained the applica-tion of the ecological substituting principle on the land reclamation in the open coal mines.展开更多
Reduction of energy consumption in comminution is of significant importance in mining industry. To reduce such energy consumption the energy efficiency in an individual operation such as blasting must be increased. By...Reduction of energy consumption in comminution is of significant importance in mining industry. To reduce such energy consumption the energy efficiency in an individual operation such as blasting must be increased. By using both new investigations and previous experimental results, this paper demonstrates that (1) kinetic energy carried by moving fragments in rock fracture is notable and it increases with an increasing loading rate;(2) this kinetic energy can be well used in secondary fragmentation in crushing and blasting. Accordingly, part of the muck pile from previous blast should be left in front of new(bench) face in either open pit or underground blasting. If so, when new blast occurs, the fragments from the new blast will collide with the muck pile left from the previous blast, and the kinetic energy carried by the moving fragments will be partly used in their secondary fragmentation.展开更多
According to the evolving principle of the organic and environment, firstly, for the purpose of growing and keeping the ground, some legume species were chosen as pioneer plants to improve the construction of soil and...According to the evolving principle of the organic and environment, firstly, for the purpose of growing and keeping the ground, some legume species were chosen as pioneer plants to improve the construction of soil and increased soil fertility in the light of the land term and soil condition. Along with soil fertility increased, it is necessary to culti-vate some shrubs and arbors which have extra resistance. Gradually it becomes the stereoscopic landscape of planting arbor-shrub-herb plants. So that the evolving of the organic and environment can be enhanced. Taking the land reclamation in the refuse dump of Heidaigou open coal mines as the practical example, explained the application of the organic and environment evolving principle on the land reclamation in the open coal mines.展开更多
Spotters and samplers around the drill rigs can be exposed to high dust concentrations. In this study it was found that individuals were exposed to as much as 14.2 mg/m3, which exceeds the OEL （Occupational Exposure ...Spotters and samplers around the drill rigs can be exposed to high dust concentrations. In this study it was found that individuals were exposed to as much as 14.2 mg/m3, which exceeds the OEL （Occupational Exposure Level） of 10 mg/m3 [1]. The work on which this paper is based included an extensive literature study, as well as field investigations. Number of additional dust suppression interventions was identified. These improvements, listed below, will assist in reducing dust concentrations arotmd the drill rigs： Increase maintenance frequency on the shroud, sealing ring, suction pipes and filters of the drill rigs. Design and install new overlapping rubber belts on the shroud of the DM45. Install an air-blocking shelf on the inside perimeter of the shroud of the DM45. Install an airflow meter to ensure that the Qc：QB ratio never drops below 3：1. Only allow wet drilling. Flush the dust collector system more regularly with compressed air to ensure that it does not become blocked. Introduce stricter supervision to ensure that the suction pipes are always connected to the shroud. Give drill rig operators more advanced training to ensure more effective drilling in order to reduce dust levels.展开更多
Blasting is considered an indispensable process in mining excavation opera-tions.Generally,only a small percentage of the total energy of blasting is con-sumed in the fragmentation and displacement of the rock,and the...Blasting is considered an indispensable process in mining excavation opera-tions.Generally,only a small percentage of the total energy of blasting is con-sumed in the fragmentation and displacement of the rock,and the rest of the energy is transmitted to the structures and environment surrounding the mined area.The air overpressure(AOp)induced by explosions in open-cast mines has unavoidable environmental and safety consequences,but can be minimized to an acceptable threshold to limit environmental damage and the impact on the sustainability of mining activities.The development of numer-ical predictive models of AOp was the main objective of this study.Thus,the methodology used to achieve this main objective was articulated around six parts:knowledge of the study area,processing and statistical analysis of the data collected,development of both numerical and empirical prediction mod-els,and evaluation of model performance of the numerical model parameters.The results show that only numerical models are suitable for predicting AOp.Moreover,numerical models generally perform better than empirical models in predicting this phenomenon.Among these AI models,the results show that the DT model is the best suited for predicting AOp in this study,with remark-able performance results(RRSE of 0.08,RAE of 0.05,RMSE of 0.29,MAE of 0.37,MAPE of 0.07,and an R2 of 0.994).This could therefore justify its appli-cation in practical engineering to predict blast-induced AOp in open-cast mines to reduce undesirable environmental effects.展开更多
Slope failures are an inevitable aspect of economic pit slope designs in the mining industry.Large open pit guidelines and industry standards accept up to 30%of benches in open pits to collapse provided that they are ...Slope failures are an inevitable aspect of economic pit slope designs in the mining industry.Large open pit guidelines and industry standards accept up to 30%of benches in open pits to collapse provided that they are controlled and that no personnel are at risk.Rigorous ground control measures including real time monitoring systems at TARP(trigger-action-response-plan)protocols are widely utilized to prevent personnel from being exposed to slope failure risks.Technology and computing capability are rapidly evolving.Aerial photogrammetry techniques using UAV(unmanned aerial vehicle)enable geotechnical engineers and engineering geologists to work faster and more safely by removing themselves from potential line-of-fire near unstable slopes.Slope stability modelling software using limit equilibrium(LE)and finite element(FE)methods in three dimensions(3D)is also becoming more accessible,user-friendly and faster to operate.These key components enable geotechnical engineers to undertake site investigations,develop geotechnical models and assess slope stability faster and in more detail with less exposure to fall of ground hazards in the field.This paper describes the rapid and robust process utilized at BHP Limited for appraising a slope failure at an iron ore mine site in the Pilbara region of Western Australia using a combination of UAV photogrammetry and 3D slope stability models in less than a shift(i.e.less than 12 h).展开更多
A quadratic programming model is established to choose the blocks to be blasted in a given period. The length of this period depends on the production planning requirements. During the given period, the blocks' pa...A quadratic programming model is established to choose the blocks to be blasted in a given period. The length of this period depends on the production planning requirements. During the given period, the blocks' parameters are available from the geological database of the mine. The objective is to minimize the deviation of the average ore grade of blasted blocks from the standard ore grade required by the mill. Transportation ability constraint. production quantity demand constraint. minimum safety bench constraint. block size constraint and block, bench precedence constraints are considered in forming the programming model. This model has more practical objective function and reasonable constraints compared with the existing model for this kind of problems.展开更多
Recently,the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Commerce jointly issued the Catalog of Industries for Guiding Foreign Investment(revised in 2017)(hereinafter referred to as the'Catalog&...Recently,the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Commerce jointly issued the Catalog of Industries for Guiding Foreign Investment(revised in 2017)(hereinafter referred to as the'Catalog').Compared with the Catalog of Industries for Guiding Foreign Investment(revised in 2015),the Catalog has made展开更多
基金supported by the grant from the Graduate Academy at the Technical University Dresden,Germany
文摘There are concerns about the safety issues of dump slope in the open-cast mining pit because of the risk of catastrophic destruction caused by slope failures that are related to several factors, such as atmospheric conditions(especially precipitation), vegetation and some others. The aim of this study is to investigate the hydrological regime in a dump slope and the influence of the saturation degree on the stability of dump slopes with consideration of precipitation and vegetation using the program of PCSiWaPro~?. Based on the hydrological simulation conducted through PCSiWaPro~?, the calculation of the Factor of Safety(Fs) in the dump slope using Geo-slope Software was improved with further consideration of soil-water weight in the unsaturated dump slope and the influence of water content on the variation of soil property parameters(e.g. cohesion).
文摘The artificial neural network model which forecasts Open Mining Slope stability is established by neural network theory and method. The nonlinear reflection relation between stability target of open mining slope and its influence factor is described. The method of forecasting Open Mining Slope stability is brought forward.
文摘The present study has been carried out on a total of 50 available plant species to assess their dust-capturing capacity and biochemical performances in and around open cast granite mine areas of Jhansi district and Bundelkhand University campus treated as control site. Plant species existing under a polluted environment for a long time may be considered as potentially resistant species and recommended for green belt design in mining areas, especially to cope with dust pollution. Results showed the pollution level, especially of mining-originated dust particles holding capacity of leaves and effects of different biochemical parameters (Total Chlorophyll, Protein and Carotenoid) of existing plant species both from mining areas as well as from Bundelkhand University campus. Based on their performances, Tectona grandis L., Ficus hispida L., Calotropis procera Aiton., Butea monosperma Lam. and Ficus benghalensis L., etc. are highly tolerant species while Ficus infectoria L., Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam., Ipomoea purpurea L., Allianthus excelsa Roxb. and Bauhinia variegata L. are intermediate tolerant species. T. grandis had shown the highest dust-holding capacity (2.566 ± 0.0004 mg/cm2) whereas Albizia procera (0.018 ± 0.0002 mg/cm2) was found to be the lowest dust-holding capacity. Our findings also showed that the T. grandis and F. hispida have significant dust deposition with minimal effect of dust on their leaf chlorophyll (17.447 ± 0.019 mg/g and 14.703 ± 0.201 mg/g), protein (0.699 ± 0.001 mg/g and 0.604 ± 0.002 mg/g) and carotenoid (0.372 ± 0.003 mg/g and 0.354 ± 0.003 mg/g) content respectively among all selected plant species. Therefore, in the present investigation, plant species with high tolerance to high dust-holding capacity on their leaf surfaces are preferable for green corridors as open cast granite mines and their adjacent areas.
文摘With the rapid development of modern science and technology, UAV aerial photography technology is also more and more applied to the monitoring of open-pit mines, greatly improving the efficiency of open-pit mining. Compared with the traditional detection technology, UAV aerial photography technology has irreplaceable advantages. This paper analyzes the measurement accuracy and available reserves measurement of aerial photography, expounds the functions of aerial photography technology in open-air excavation, and sums up the main advantages of aerial photography technology in open-air excavation, so as to provide some reference suggestions for improving the mining efficiency and monitoring accuracy.
基金Projects(51204206,41272304,41372278) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘A laser technique based scanning system was employed to make a comprehensive scanning through borehole forunmapped cavity under open pit bench,then the three-dimensional data will be obtained,and these data were used for theoreticalanalysis and numerical simulation to analyze the stability of cap rock.Acoustic emission techniques were also adopted to carry outlong term real time rupture monitoring in cap rock.Therefore,a complete safety evaluation system for the cap rock was establishedto ensure safe operation of subsequent blasting processes.The ideal way of eliminating collapse hazard of such cavity is cap rockcaving through deep-hole blasting,thus,two deep-hole blasting schemes named as vertical deep-hole blasting scheme and one-timeraise driving integrated with deep-hole bench blasting scheme were proposed.The vertical deep-hole blasting scheme has moreexplosive consumption,but the relatively simple blasting net work structure can greatly reduce workloads.However,the one-timeraise driving integrated with deep-hole bench blasting scheme can obviously reduce explosive consumption,but the higher technicalrequirements on drilling,explosive charging and blasting network will increase workloads.
文摘Reserve estimation is a key to find the correct NPV in a mining project. The most important factor in reserve estimation is the metal price. Metal price fluctuations in recent years were exaggerated, and imposed a high degree of uncertainty to the reserve estimation, and in consequence to the whole mine planning procedure. Real option approach is an efficient method of decision making in the uncertain conditions. This approach has been used for evaluation of defined natural resources projects until now. This study considering the metal price uncertainty used real option approach to prepare a methodology for reserve estimation in open pit mines. This study was done on a copper cylindrical deposit, but the achieved methodology can be adjusted for all kinds of deposits. This methodology was comprehensively described through the examples in such a manner that can be used by the mine planners.
文摘Through the research on the model of the land reclamation in the refuse dumpof Heidaigou open coal mines,it was concerned that ecology was the theoretical basic forthe land reclamation of open coal mines.According to the principle of ecological substitut-ing,the land reclamation can be divided into three stages:water and soil conservation,ecological performance and economic performance.Taking the land reclamation in the re-fuse dump of Heidaigou open coal mines as the practical example,explained the applica-tion of the ecological substituting principle on the land reclamation in the open coal mines.
文摘Reduction of energy consumption in comminution is of significant importance in mining industry. To reduce such energy consumption the energy efficiency in an individual operation such as blasting must be increased. By using both new investigations and previous experimental results, this paper demonstrates that (1) kinetic energy carried by moving fragments in rock fracture is notable and it increases with an increasing loading rate;(2) this kinetic energy can be well used in secondary fragmentation in crushing and blasting. Accordingly, part of the muck pile from previous blast should be left in front of new(bench) face in either open pit or underground blasting. If so, when new blast occurs, the fragments from the new blast will collide with the muck pile left from the previous blast, and the kinetic energy carried by the moving fragments will be partly used in their secondary fragmentation.
文摘According to the evolving principle of the organic and environment, firstly, for the purpose of growing and keeping the ground, some legume species were chosen as pioneer plants to improve the construction of soil and increased soil fertility in the light of the land term and soil condition. Along with soil fertility increased, it is necessary to culti-vate some shrubs and arbors which have extra resistance. Gradually it becomes the stereoscopic landscape of planting arbor-shrub-herb plants. So that the evolving of the organic and environment can be enhanced. Taking the land reclamation in the refuse dump of Heidaigou open coal mines as the practical example, explained the application of the organic and environment evolving principle on the land reclamation in the open coal mines.
文摘Spotters and samplers around the drill rigs can be exposed to high dust concentrations. In this study it was found that individuals were exposed to as much as 14.2 mg/m3, which exceeds the OEL （Occupational Exposure Level） of 10 mg/m3 [1]. The work on which this paper is based included an extensive literature study, as well as field investigations. Number of additional dust suppression interventions was identified. These improvements, listed below, will assist in reducing dust concentrations arotmd the drill rigs： Increase maintenance frequency on the shroud, sealing ring, suction pipes and filters of the drill rigs. Design and install new overlapping rubber belts on the shroud of the DM45. Install an air-blocking shelf on the inside perimeter of the shroud of the DM45. Install an airflow meter to ensure that the Qc：QB ratio never drops below 3：1. Only allow wet drilling. Flush the dust collector system more regularly with compressed air to ensure that it does not become blocked. Introduce stricter supervision to ensure that the suction pipes are always connected to the shroud. Give drill rig operators more advanced training to ensure more effective drilling in order to reduce dust levels.
文摘Blasting is considered an indispensable process in mining excavation opera-tions.Generally,only a small percentage of the total energy of blasting is con-sumed in the fragmentation and displacement of the rock,and the rest of the energy is transmitted to the structures and environment surrounding the mined area.The air overpressure(AOp)induced by explosions in open-cast mines has unavoidable environmental and safety consequences,but can be minimized to an acceptable threshold to limit environmental damage and the impact on the sustainability of mining activities.The development of numer-ical predictive models of AOp was the main objective of this study.Thus,the methodology used to achieve this main objective was articulated around six parts:knowledge of the study area,processing and statistical analysis of the data collected,development of both numerical and empirical prediction mod-els,and evaluation of model performance of the numerical model parameters.The results show that only numerical models are suitable for predicting AOp.Moreover,numerical models generally perform better than empirical models in predicting this phenomenon.Among these AI models,the results show that the DT model is the best suited for predicting AOp in this study,with remark-able performance results(RRSE of 0.08,RAE of 0.05,RMSE of 0.29,MAE of 0.37,MAPE of 0.07,and an R2 of 0.994).This could therefore justify its appli-cation in practical engineering to predict blast-induced AOp in open-cast mines to reduce undesirable environmental effects.
文摘Slope failures are an inevitable aspect of economic pit slope designs in the mining industry.Large open pit guidelines and industry standards accept up to 30%of benches in open pits to collapse provided that they are controlled and that no personnel are at risk.Rigorous ground control measures including real time monitoring systems at TARP(trigger-action-response-plan)protocols are widely utilized to prevent personnel from being exposed to slope failure risks.Technology and computing capability are rapidly evolving.Aerial photogrammetry techniques using UAV(unmanned aerial vehicle)enable geotechnical engineers and engineering geologists to work faster and more safely by removing themselves from potential line-of-fire near unstable slopes.Slope stability modelling software using limit equilibrium(LE)and finite element(FE)methods in three dimensions(3D)is also becoming more accessible,user-friendly and faster to operate.These key components enable geotechnical engineers to undertake site investigations,develop geotechnical models and assess slope stability faster and in more detail with less exposure to fall of ground hazards in the field.This paper describes the rapid and robust process utilized at BHP Limited for appraising a slope failure at an iron ore mine site in the Pilbara region of Western Australia using a combination of UAV photogrammetry and 3D slope stability models in less than a shift(i.e.less than 12 h).
文摘A quadratic programming model is established to choose the blocks to be blasted in a given period. The length of this period depends on the production planning requirements. During the given period, the blocks' parameters are available from the geological database of the mine. The objective is to minimize the deviation of the average ore grade of blasted blocks from the standard ore grade required by the mill. Transportation ability constraint. production quantity demand constraint. minimum safety bench constraint. block size constraint and block, bench precedence constraints are considered in forming the programming model. This model has more practical objective function and reasonable constraints compared with the existing model for this kind of problems.
文摘Recently,the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Commerce jointly issued the Catalog of Industries for Guiding Foreign Investment(revised in 2017)(hereinafter referred to as the'Catalog').Compared with the Catalog of Industries for Guiding Foreign Investment(revised in 2015),the Catalog has made
