BACKGROUND Orthopedic physicians typically apply a cast to immobilize a body part that has been injured.There have been no significant structural changes or advances in synthetic casts since the development of the mod...BACKGROUND Orthopedic physicians typically apply a cast to immobilize a body part that has been injured.There have been no significant structural changes or advances in synthetic casts since the development of the modern cast.The Opencast®is a recently developed type of cast that allows ventilation and direct visual inspection of the skin to avoid cast-related complications.Although this novel cast appears to have more benefits than the conventional synthetic cast,its clinical efficacy and advantages have not been established.AIM To investigate the clinical efficacy and advantages of the newly developed Opencast®based on patients’perspectives in those with ankle inversion injury.METHODS A specifically designed questionnaire consisting of 19 items was used to compare patients’opinions and concerns of the Opencast®and the conventional synthetic cast.The items were focused on subjective patient satisfaction,discomfort,and adverse effects while wearing the cast.Patients with an ankle inversion injury diagnosed as a high-grade ankle sprain were enrolled.The subjects were randomized and instructed to fill the questionnaire after wearing a synthetic cast or an Opencast®for 2 wk.They were then required to fill the questionnaire again,after switching to the alternative type of cast for 2 more weeks.RESULTS A total of 22 subjects participated in the study.The synthetic cast appeared to be more rigid and stable than the Opencast®,but there was no significant difference in the amount of pain relief.The likelihood of adverse effects when wearing the synthetic cast was significantly higher.Patient satisfaction tended to be rated higher after wearing the Opencast®.Opencast®showed more subjective vulnerability than the synthetic cast,but there was no significant difference in the redo rate.Patients were more anxious about removal of the synthetic cast than of the Opencast®.CONCLUSION The results indicate that the Opencast®could replace the conventional synthetic cast as it offers increased patient satisfaction,which would in turn increase compliance to treatment.展开更多
Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) which occurs when sulfide minerals are exposed to water and oxygen with an excavation is one of the serious environmental problems in the world. A dry cover system is generally constructed in ...Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) which occurs when sulfide minerals are exposed to water and oxygen with an excavation is one of the serious environmental problems in the world. A dry cover system is generally constructed in waste dump for the prevention of AMD in Indonesia by virtue of low cost and availability of waste rocks for a cover layer. However, the failure of the system caused by the lack of information related to the construction of cover system in mines, which leads to AMD, has been reported recently in Indonesia. In this study, the field investigation was conducted in pit and waste dump in open cast coal mine in Indonesia with the aim of obtaining the information on the construction of a cover layer and backfilling conditions of waste rocks in the waste dump. The rock samples taken in two areas of the mine were analyzed by geochemical analysis and sequential extraction with acids. The results indicated that Net Acid Producing Potential (NAPP) of the rocks in the waste dump down to 100 cm depth in both areas was from 10 to 30 kg H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>/ton, suggesting that Potentially Acid Forming (PAF) was backfilled in a cover layer. The backfill of PAF was contrary to the concept of cover system, which caused the failure of constructing a cover layer. The cause of the failure was likely attributed to the shortage of cover rocks which are classified as Non Acid Forming (NAF) or the failure of proper placement of them by an operational problem in the areas. Moreover, the results of the extraction with acids suggested that the form of iron and sulfur has to be taken into account to discuss the occurrence of AMD.展开更多
The present study has been carried out on a total of 50 available plant species to assess their dust-capturing capacity and biochemical performances in and around open cast granite mine areas of Jhansi district and Bu...The present study has been carried out on a total of 50 available plant species to assess their dust-capturing capacity and biochemical performances in and around open cast granite mine areas of Jhansi district and Bundelkhand University campus treated as control site. Plant species existing under a polluted environment for a long time may be considered as potentially resistant species and recommended for green belt design in mining areas, especially to cope with dust pollution. Results showed the pollution level, especially of mining-originated dust particles holding capacity of leaves and effects of different biochemical parameters (Total Chlorophyll, Protein and Carotenoid) of existing plant species both from mining areas as well as from Bundelkhand University campus. Based on their performances, Tectona grandis L., Ficus hispida L., Calotropis procera Aiton., Butea monosperma Lam. and Ficus benghalensis L., etc. are highly tolerant species while Ficus infectoria L., Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam., Ipomoea purpurea L., Allianthus excelsa Roxb. and Bauhinia variegata L. are intermediate tolerant species. T. grandis had shown the highest dust-holding capacity (2.566 ± 0.0004 mg/cm2) whereas Albizia procera (0.018 ± 0.0002 mg/cm2) was found to be the lowest dust-holding capacity. Our findings also showed that the T. grandis and F. hispida have significant dust deposition with minimal effect of dust on their leaf chlorophyll (17.447 ± 0.019 mg/g and 14.703 ± 0.201 mg/g), protein (0.699 ± 0.001 mg/g and 0.604 ± 0.002 mg/g) and carotenoid (0.372 ± 0.003 mg/g and 0.354 ± 0.003 mg/g) content respectively among all selected plant species. Therefore, in the present investigation, plant species with high tolerance to high dust-holding capacity on their leaf surfaces are preferable for green corridors as open cast granite mines and their adjacent areas.展开更多
Steel 20Mn23AlV is a type of high aluminum steel with a very low ladle free-opening rate. The aluminum composition of 20Mn23AlV ranges from 1.6% to 2.45% ,which is significantly higher than other types of steel. Accor...Steel 20Mn23AlV is a type of high aluminum steel with a very low ladle free-opening rate. The aluminum composition of 20Mn23AlV ranges from 1.6% to 2.45% ,which is significantly higher than other types of steel. According to the real condition of 40 t ladle in steel-making plant of Baosteel Special Steel Company, previous works show that the key factors affecting the ladle free-opening rate of high aluminum steel in continuous casting are：sand material, accessories baking, ladle nozzle cleaning, the process and amount of adding sand, and the rate of argon stirring during refining. Therefore, improving the ladle filler sand quality, baking all of the raw materials, controlling the addition of ladle filler sand, cleaning the ladle nozzle, and optimizing argon stirring during the refining process can resolve the problem of a low ladle free-opening rate of high aluminum steel caused by the long ladle time of liquid steel.展开更多
Metal foams are a new kind of materials with low densities and novel physical, mechanical, thermal, electrical and acoustic properties. They can be divided into closed and open cell structures. In this paper the open ...Metal foams are a new kind of materials with low densities and novel physical, mechanical, thermal, electrical and acoustic properties. They can be divided into closed and open cell structures. In this paper the open cell structures, called sponges, were treated. A new technique to manufacture sponges by plaster investment casting was described. Experimental results show that it is essential to make a sound plaster mould by casting plaster slurry into the polyurethane foams and infiltrate the open channels of the baked plaster mold by molten metal. The optimal processes include plaster slurry preparation, plaster mold baking, and molten metal infiltration. The sponge sample with porosity of 97% is presented.展开更多
Foamed zinc was prepared by infiltration casting process.The mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the samples were studied,and the feasibility of the foamed zinc as a bone implant material was discussed.A...Foamed zinc was prepared by infiltration casting process.The mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the samples were studied,and the feasibility of the foamed zinc as a bone implant material was discussed.All the compression stress-strain curves of open-cell zinc foams with various cell size(1-4 mm)and porosity(55%-67%)show three stages:elastic stage,plastic stage,and densification stage.The compression strength increases with decreasing density.The smooth stress-strain response indicates a progressively deformation of open-cell zinc foam.In addition,the cell wall or edge bending and fracture are the dominated mechanisms for failure of open cell zinc foam.The immersion test for determining the corrosion rate of open cell zinc foam was conducted in simulated body fluid.It was found that zinc foam with a small cell size and high porosity showed a higher corrosion rate.In addition,open-cell zinc foams can effectively induce Ca-P deposition in immersion tests,showing good bioactivity.Therefore,the open cell zinc foam prepared in this experiment has a good potential application as a human bone substitute material.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Orthopedic physicians typically apply a cast to immobilize a body part that has been injured.There have been no significant structural changes or advances in synthetic casts since the development of the modern cast.The Opencast®is a recently developed type of cast that allows ventilation and direct visual inspection of the skin to avoid cast-related complications.Although this novel cast appears to have more benefits than the conventional synthetic cast,its clinical efficacy and advantages have not been established.AIM To investigate the clinical efficacy and advantages of the newly developed Opencast®based on patients’perspectives in those with ankle inversion injury.METHODS A specifically designed questionnaire consisting of 19 items was used to compare patients’opinions and concerns of the Opencast®and the conventional synthetic cast.The items were focused on subjective patient satisfaction,discomfort,and adverse effects while wearing the cast.Patients with an ankle inversion injury diagnosed as a high-grade ankle sprain were enrolled.The subjects were randomized and instructed to fill the questionnaire after wearing a synthetic cast or an Opencast®for 2 wk.They were then required to fill the questionnaire again,after switching to the alternative type of cast for 2 more weeks.RESULTS A total of 22 subjects participated in the study.The synthetic cast appeared to be more rigid and stable than the Opencast®,but there was no significant difference in the amount of pain relief.The likelihood of adverse effects when wearing the synthetic cast was significantly higher.Patient satisfaction tended to be rated higher after wearing the Opencast®.Opencast®showed more subjective vulnerability than the synthetic cast,but there was no significant difference in the redo rate.Patients were more anxious about removal of the synthetic cast than of the Opencast®.CONCLUSION The results indicate that the Opencast®could replace the conventional synthetic cast as it offers increased patient satisfaction,which would in turn increase compliance to treatment.
文摘Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) which occurs when sulfide minerals are exposed to water and oxygen with an excavation is one of the serious environmental problems in the world. A dry cover system is generally constructed in waste dump for the prevention of AMD in Indonesia by virtue of low cost and availability of waste rocks for a cover layer. However, the failure of the system caused by the lack of information related to the construction of cover system in mines, which leads to AMD, has been reported recently in Indonesia. In this study, the field investigation was conducted in pit and waste dump in open cast coal mine in Indonesia with the aim of obtaining the information on the construction of a cover layer and backfilling conditions of waste rocks in the waste dump. The rock samples taken in two areas of the mine were analyzed by geochemical analysis and sequential extraction with acids. The results indicated that Net Acid Producing Potential (NAPP) of the rocks in the waste dump down to 100 cm depth in both areas was from 10 to 30 kg H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>/ton, suggesting that Potentially Acid Forming (PAF) was backfilled in a cover layer. The backfill of PAF was contrary to the concept of cover system, which caused the failure of constructing a cover layer. The cause of the failure was likely attributed to the shortage of cover rocks which are classified as Non Acid Forming (NAF) or the failure of proper placement of them by an operational problem in the areas. Moreover, the results of the extraction with acids suggested that the form of iron and sulfur has to be taken into account to discuss the occurrence of AMD.
文摘The present study has been carried out on a total of 50 available plant species to assess their dust-capturing capacity and biochemical performances in and around open cast granite mine areas of Jhansi district and Bundelkhand University campus treated as control site. Plant species existing under a polluted environment for a long time may be considered as potentially resistant species and recommended for green belt design in mining areas, especially to cope with dust pollution. Results showed the pollution level, especially of mining-originated dust particles holding capacity of leaves and effects of different biochemical parameters (Total Chlorophyll, Protein and Carotenoid) of existing plant species both from mining areas as well as from Bundelkhand University campus. Based on their performances, Tectona grandis L., Ficus hispida L., Calotropis procera Aiton., Butea monosperma Lam. and Ficus benghalensis L., etc. are highly tolerant species while Ficus infectoria L., Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam., Ipomoea purpurea L., Allianthus excelsa Roxb. and Bauhinia variegata L. are intermediate tolerant species. T. grandis had shown the highest dust-holding capacity (2.566 ± 0.0004 mg/cm2) whereas Albizia procera (0.018 ± 0.0002 mg/cm2) was found to be the lowest dust-holding capacity. Our findings also showed that the T. grandis and F. hispida have significant dust deposition with minimal effect of dust on their leaf chlorophyll (17.447 ± 0.019 mg/g and 14.703 ± 0.201 mg/g), protein (0.699 ± 0.001 mg/g and 0.604 ± 0.002 mg/g) and carotenoid (0.372 ± 0.003 mg/g and 0.354 ± 0.003 mg/g) content respectively among all selected plant species. Therefore, in the present investigation, plant species with high tolerance to high dust-holding capacity on their leaf surfaces are preferable for green corridors as open cast granite mines and their adjacent areas.
文摘Steel 20Mn23AlV is a type of high aluminum steel with a very low ladle free-opening rate. The aluminum composition of 20Mn23AlV ranges from 1.6% to 2.45% ,which is significantly higher than other types of steel. According to the real condition of 40 t ladle in steel-making plant of Baosteel Special Steel Company, previous works show that the key factors affecting the ladle free-opening rate of high aluminum steel in continuous casting are：sand material, accessories baking, ladle nozzle cleaning, the process and amount of adding sand, and the rate of argon stirring during refining. Therefore, improving the ladle filler sand quality, baking all of the raw materials, controlling the addition of ladle filler sand, cleaning the ladle nozzle, and optimizing argon stirring during the refining process can resolve the problem of a low ladle free-opening rate of high aluminum steel caused by the long ladle time of liquid steel.
文摘Metal foams are a new kind of materials with low densities and novel physical, mechanical, thermal, electrical and acoustic properties. They can be divided into closed and open cell structures. In this paper the open cell structures, called sponges, were treated. A new technique to manufacture sponges by plaster investment casting was described. Experimental results show that it is essential to make a sound plaster mould by casting plaster slurry into the polyurethane foams and infiltrate the open channels of the baked plaster mold by molten metal. The optimal processes include plaster slurry preparation, plaster mold baking, and molten metal infiltration. The sponge sample with porosity of 97% is presented.
基金Key Research and Development Program of Liaoning Province(2019JH2/10100008)the Plan for Innovative Talents in Liaoning Higher Education Institutions(LR2018011)the Plan for Young and Middle-aged Science and Technology Innovation Talent of Shenyang(RC170204).
文摘Foamed zinc was prepared by infiltration casting process.The mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the samples were studied,and the feasibility of the foamed zinc as a bone implant material was discussed.All the compression stress-strain curves of open-cell zinc foams with various cell size(1-4 mm)and porosity(55%-67%)show three stages:elastic stage,plastic stage,and densification stage.The compression strength increases with decreasing density.The smooth stress-strain response indicates a progressively deformation of open-cell zinc foam.In addition,the cell wall or edge bending and fracture are the dominated mechanisms for failure of open cell zinc foam.The immersion test for determining the corrosion rate of open cell zinc foam was conducted in simulated body fluid.It was found that zinc foam with a small cell size and high porosity showed a higher corrosion rate.In addition,open-cell zinc foams can effectively induce Ca-P deposition in immersion tests,showing good bioactivity.Therefore,the open cell zinc foam prepared in this experiment has a good potential application as a human bone substitute material.
