Simulated drinking water distribution system(DWDS) treated with O_3-BAC-Cl_2(ozonebiological activated carbon-chlorine) was constructed to study its effects on the regrowth of five typical opportunistic pathogens(OPs)...Simulated drinking water distribution system(DWDS) treated with O_3-BAC-Cl_2(ozonebiological activated carbon-chlorine) was constructed to study its effects on the regrowth of five typical opportunistic pathogens(OPs). It was found that O_3-BAC-Cl_2 could significantly reduce the regrowth of target OPs in the effluents of DWDS compared with Cl_2 and O_3-Cl_2 with the same residual chlorine levels. However, the effect of O_3-BAC-Cl_2 on the average numbers of target OPs gene markers in the biofilms of DWDS was not apparent, suggesting that OPs in the biofilms of DWDS were tolerant to the upstream disinfection process. The quantification of target OPs in the BAC-filter column demonstrated that OPs decreased with the increase of depth, which was likely due to the organic nutrient gradient and microbial competition inside the BAC-filter. Increase in the ozone dose could further reduce the OPs at the bottom of the BAC-filter. Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated that some significant correlations existed between target microorganisms, suggesting potential microbial ecological relationships. Overall, our results demonstrated that the BAC-filter may act as a "battlefield"suppressing the OPs through microbial competition. O_3-BAC-Cl_2 could be an effective multibarrier process to suppress the proliferation of OPs in the bulk water of DWDS. However, OPs protected by the biofilms of DWDS should receive further attention because OPs may be detached and released from the biofilms.展开更多
The fluorophotometric determination of gallium(Ⅲ) With eriochrome blue black R (ECBBR) was investigated in the presence of OP at pH 2.0n.5. The calibration graph has a good linear relationship in the rabid of 1.6...The fluorophotometric determination of gallium(Ⅲ) With eriochrome blue black R (ECBBR) was investigated in the presence of OP at pH 2.0n.5. The calibration graph has a good linear relationship in the rabid of 1.6×10-7-1.2× 10-5 mol/L Ga(Ⅲ). The effect of foreign ions was studied and the proposed method was applied to the determination of gallium in aluminum alloy.展开更多
A neurophysiological detector (NPD) is a hybridization of olfactory system neurons of the fish crucian carp, Carassius carassius L., with a computerized electronic device connected to a high-performance liquid chromat...A neurophysiological detector (NPD) is a hybridization of olfactory system neurons of the fish crucian carp, Carassius carassius L., with a computerized electronic device connected to a high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC). This system makes it possible to measure neurophysiological activities in the olfactory system of C. carassius L. after exposure of this fish to alarm pheromones. The construction of the system was presented for the first time at the 3rd International Symposium on Separation in Bio Sciences SBS 2003 in I. Brondz, et al., The Fish Olfactory System Used as an In-Line HPLC Neurophysiologic Detector NPD, 3rd Int. Symposium on Separation in Bio Sciences SBS 2003: A 100 Years of Chromatography, 13-18 May, Moscow, Russia, 2003, Abstract O- 27, p. 95. A complete paper was published in I. Brondz, et al., Neurophysiologic Detector (NPD)—A Selective and Sensitive Tool in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications, Vol. 800, No. 1-2, 2004, pp. 41-47, and the hybridization of living cells with an electronic device has been discussed (I. Brondz, et al., International Scientific-Technical Conference Sensors Electronics and Microsystems Technology (SEMST-1), 1-5 June, (Odessa), Ukraine, 2004, Plenum Lecture, Abstract p. 17;I. Brondz, et al., The European Chemoreception Research Organization ECRO 2004 Congress, 12-15 September, (Dijon), France, 2004, Abstract P-3;and I. Brondz, et al., Biosensors as Electronic Compounds for Detector in the High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Electronic Components and Systems, Vol. 3, No. 103, 2006, pp. 25-27). In the present study, an HPLC equipped with an NPD was used to assess the influence of organophosphate (OP) pesticides on olfactory sensory nerves and the modification of nerve signals from the olfactory organ. The results show that exposure of the olfactory system to OP pesticides can lead to disruption of normal reflexes and to significant suppression of individual sexual activity and, as a result, to the suppression of a population.展开更多
Fifty agricultural soil samples collected from Fuzhou,southeast China,were first investigated for the occurrence,distribution,and potential risks of twelve organophosphate esters(OPEs).The total concentration of OPEs(...Fifty agricultural soil samples collected from Fuzhou,southeast China,were first investigated for the occurrence,distribution,and potential risks of twelve organophosphate esters(OPEs).The total concentration of OPEs(ΣOPEs)in soil ranged from 1.33 to 96.5 ng/g dry weight(dw),with an average value of 17.1 ng/g dw.Especially,halogenated-OPEs were the predominant group with amean level of 9.75 ng/g dw,and tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate(TCIPP)was the most abundant OPEs,accounting for 51.1%ofΣOPEs.The concentrations of TCIPP andΣOPEs were found to be significantly higher(P<0.05)in soils of urban areas than those in suburban areas.In addition,the use of agricultural plastic films and total organic carbon had a positive effect on the occurrence of OPE in this study.The positive matrix factorization model suggested complex sources of OPEs in agricultural soils from Fuzhou.The ecological risk assessment demonstrated that tricresyl phosphate presented a medium risk to land-based organisms(0.1≤risk quotient<1.0).Nevertheless,the carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks for human exposure to OPEs through soil ingestion and dermal absorption were negligible.These findings would facilitate further investigations into the pollution management and risk control of OPEs.展开更多
A low-power complementary metal oxide semiconductor（CMOS） operational amplifier （op-amp） for real-time signal processing of micro air vehicle （MAV） is designed in this paper.Traditional folded cascode architectu...A low-power complementary metal oxide semiconductor（CMOS） operational amplifier （op-amp） for real-time signal processing of micro air vehicle （MAV） is designed in this paper.Traditional folded cascode architecture with positive channel metal oxide semiconductor（PMOS） differential input transistors and sub-threshold technology are applied under the low supply voltage.Simulation results show that this amplifier has significantly low power,while maintaining almost the same gain,bandwidth and other key performances.The power required is only 0.12 mW,which is applicable to low-power and low-voltage real-time signal acquisition and processing system.展开更多
The harsh natural environment of Antarctica has led to a lack of research on the presence and transport mechanisms of organophosphate esters(OPEs) within its ecosystem.In this study,we analyzed levels of 11 OPEs in ai...The harsh natural environment of Antarctica has led to a lack of research on the presence and transport mechanisms of organophosphate esters(OPEs) within its ecosystem.In this study,we analyzed levels of 11 OPEs in air,soil,and vegetation samples collected during the 2018-2019 Chinese 35th Antarctic Scientific Expedition.Additionally,a level Ⅲ fugacity model was developed to simulate the movement and fate of detected OPEs in the air,soil,and vegetation of the Fildes Peninsula.Our model indicated that the primary OPEmigration pathway was from the atmosphere to the soil.OPE transportation primarily occurred through atmospheric wet deposition and rainwater dissolution.Among the 20 transport and transformation processes,atmospheric degradation was the most significant loss mechanism.The proposed model provides a method for continued investigation into the fate of OPEs in the Fildes Peninsula ecosystem.展开更多
Background:Diabetic retinal neuropathy(DRN)leads to significant visual impairment;however,no existing animal model fully replicates its neural alterations,and inconsistent induction protocols with high mortality rates...Background:Diabetic retinal neuropathy(DRN)leads to significant visual impairment;however,no existing animal model fully replicates its neural alterations,and inconsistent induction protocols with high mortality rates hinder long-term investigations.Methods:Adult male rabbits were randomly assigned to four experimental groups,each receiving a single intravenous injection of varying doses of alloxan and one control group.The safety and efficacy of alloxan in inducing diabetes were evaluated to determine the optimal dose.At 9 weeks following injection with alloxan,retinal function was assessed using full-field electroretinography(ERG)and visual evoked potentials(VEPs).Retinal structure was examined in rabbits using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT),Optos ultra-widefield(Optos UWF)false-color imaging,and widefield fundus fluorescein angiography(WF-FFA).Results:Rabbits in the 80 mg/kg alloxan group exhibited fewer complications,lower mortality,and a higher model success rate compared to other groups.At 9 weeks post-injection,these rabbits demonstrated significantly elevated hemoglobin A1c and total cholesterol(p<0.05)relative to controls.ERG revealed statistically significant reductions in oscillatory potential and b-wave amplitudes(p<0.05),while VEP indicated decreased P2 amplitude(p<0.001)and prolonged P2 latency(p<0.05).SD-OCT,Optos UWF imaging,and WF-FFA demonstrated no significant changes in vascular abnormalities.Additionally,Hematoxylin and Eosin staining revealed retinal swelling(p<0.05),and immunofluorescence confirmed glial activation and neuronal loss.Conclusions:A single intravenous injection of 80 mg/kg alloxan effectively and safely induced DRN in rabbits,resulting in neural retina damage,thereby establishing this model as an ideal model for DRN research.展开更多
Previous studies on the prenatal organophosphate ester(OPE)exposure's effect on children's neurodevelopment have yielded inconsistent results.In this study,we employed a longitudinal approach,capitalizing on m...Previous studies on the prenatal organophosphate ester(OPE)exposure's effect on children's neurodevelopment have yielded inconsistent results.In this study,we employed a longitudinal approach,capitalizing on multitime-point evaluations of exposure to OPEs and two-stage assessments of children's brain development.The study included 508 mother-child pairs.We measured seven OPEs in maternal serum throughout pregnancy and assessed children's mental health and developmental mile-stones at the age of 2 and 5.The group-based trajectory model identified pregnancy exposure trajectories.Generalized estimated equations and quantile-based g-computation were employed to evaluate the effects of OPEs on children's brain development.Four OPEs,including 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate(EHDPP),were detected in over 50%of the maternal samples.Each ln-unit increment of EHDPP was associated with an increased peer problem scores(IRR:1.104,95%CI:1.038-1.174)in mental health.Regarding development milestones,EHDPP was related to lower scores in communication,gross motor,personal-social,and total score of the ages and stages questionnaires(ASQ)(IRR:0.963-0.976).Trajectory analysis confirmed these associations.Notably,boys were more affected in terms of mental health,while girls were more vulnerable in terms of developmental milestones.Prenatal exposure to OPEs,particularly EHDPP,is associated with adverse brain development in early childhood with notable sex-specific differences in vulnerability.展开更多
文摘OP2S发动机(Opposed-Piston Two-Stroke,OP2S,对置活塞二冲程发动机)相较于传统四冲程发动机,具有功率密度高、热负荷高的特点,需在活塞内部设计内冷油腔对其进行强制振荡冷却,以确保活塞在严苛环境下安全可靠地工作。以某OP2S发动机活塞内冷油腔为设计对象,应用三维建模软件和流体传热计算软件Fluent,建立了卵形、椭圆形和水滴形三种截面形状的油腔模型作为研究对象,采用VOF(volume of fluid)多相流模型、动网格技术等,对活塞内冷油腔强制振荡冷却过程进行了流动和换热分析。经过分析得知,活塞内冷油腔的截面形状、喷油速度等影响因素对其振荡冷却的流动和换热特性影响较大。在2800 r/min额定转速下,卵形油腔的壁面平均换热系数分别高于水滴形和椭圆形油腔7%和4%。通过对不同喷油速度条件下的内冷油腔流动和换热特性分析得出了OP2S发动机活塞内冷油腔的流动和换热规律,同时确定了该发动机的冷却喷嘴机油流速,对同类型活塞内冷油腔的设计具有参考意义。
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan (No.2016YFA0203200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51538013)the project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.QYZDY-SSW-DQC004)
文摘Simulated drinking water distribution system(DWDS) treated with O_3-BAC-Cl_2(ozonebiological activated carbon-chlorine) was constructed to study its effects on the regrowth of five typical opportunistic pathogens(OPs). It was found that O_3-BAC-Cl_2 could significantly reduce the regrowth of target OPs in the effluents of DWDS compared with Cl_2 and O_3-Cl_2 with the same residual chlorine levels. However, the effect of O_3-BAC-Cl_2 on the average numbers of target OPs gene markers in the biofilms of DWDS was not apparent, suggesting that OPs in the biofilms of DWDS were tolerant to the upstream disinfection process. The quantification of target OPs in the BAC-filter column demonstrated that OPs decreased with the increase of depth, which was likely due to the organic nutrient gradient and microbial competition inside the BAC-filter. Increase in the ozone dose could further reduce the OPs at the bottom of the BAC-filter. Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated that some significant correlations existed between target microorganisms, suggesting potential microbial ecological relationships. Overall, our results demonstrated that the BAC-filter may act as a "battlefield"suppressing the OPs through microbial competition. O_3-BAC-Cl_2 could be an effective multibarrier process to suppress the proliferation of OPs in the bulk water of DWDS. However, OPs protected by the biofilms of DWDS should receive further attention because OPs may be detached and released from the biofilms.
基金This research was financially supported by the Project of KJCX-01 of Northwest Normal University China.]
文摘The fluorophotometric determination of gallium(Ⅲ) With eriochrome blue black R (ECBBR) was investigated in the presence of OP at pH 2.0n.5. The calibration graph has a good linear relationship in the rabid of 1.6×10-7-1.2× 10-5 mol/L Ga(Ⅲ). The effect of foreign ions was studied and the proposed method was applied to the determination of gallium in aluminum alloy.
文摘A neurophysiological detector (NPD) is a hybridization of olfactory system neurons of the fish crucian carp, Carassius carassius L., with a computerized electronic device connected to a high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC). This system makes it possible to measure neurophysiological activities in the olfactory system of C. carassius L. after exposure of this fish to alarm pheromones. The construction of the system was presented for the first time at the 3rd International Symposium on Separation in Bio Sciences SBS 2003 in I. Brondz, et al., The Fish Olfactory System Used as an In-Line HPLC Neurophysiologic Detector NPD, 3rd Int. Symposium on Separation in Bio Sciences SBS 2003: A 100 Years of Chromatography, 13-18 May, Moscow, Russia, 2003, Abstract O- 27, p. 95. A complete paper was published in I. Brondz, et al., Neurophysiologic Detector (NPD)—A Selective and Sensitive Tool in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications, Vol. 800, No. 1-2, 2004, pp. 41-47, and the hybridization of living cells with an electronic device has been discussed (I. Brondz, et al., International Scientific-Technical Conference Sensors Electronics and Microsystems Technology (SEMST-1), 1-5 June, (Odessa), Ukraine, 2004, Plenum Lecture, Abstract p. 17;I. Brondz, et al., The European Chemoreception Research Organization ECRO 2004 Congress, 12-15 September, (Dijon), France, 2004, Abstract P-3;and I. Brondz, et al., Biosensors as Electronic Compounds for Detector in the High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Electronic Components and Systems, Vol. 3, No. 103, 2006, pp. 25-27). In the present study, an HPLC equipped with an NPD was used to assess the influence of organophosphate (OP) pesticides on olfactory sensory nerves and the modification of nerve signals from the olfactory organ. The results show that exposure of the olfactory system to OP pesticides can lead to disruption of normal reflexes and to significant suppression of individual sexual activity and, as a result, to the suppression of a population.
基金supported by the Open Fund of the Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes,Ministry of Education,Peking University,Beijing,China,and the Cultivation Fund Program for Excellent Dissertation in Fujian Normal University,China(No.LWPYS202315)the Research Start-up Fund of Fujian Normal University,China(No.Y0720304X13).
文摘Fifty agricultural soil samples collected from Fuzhou,southeast China,were first investigated for the occurrence,distribution,and potential risks of twelve organophosphate esters(OPEs).The total concentration of OPEs(ΣOPEs)in soil ranged from 1.33 to 96.5 ng/g dry weight(dw),with an average value of 17.1 ng/g dw.Especially,halogenated-OPEs were the predominant group with amean level of 9.75 ng/g dw,and tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate(TCIPP)was the most abundant OPEs,accounting for 51.1%ofΣOPEs.The concentrations of TCIPP andΣOPEs were found to be significantly higher(P<0.05)in soils of urban areas than those in suburban areas.In addition,the use of agricultural plastic films and total organic carbon had a positive effect on the occurrence of OPE in this study.The positive matrix factorization model suggested complex sources of OPEs in agricultural soils from Fuzhou.The ecological risk assessment demonstrated that tricresyl phosphate presented a medium risk to land-based organisms(0.1≤risk quotient<1.0).Nevertheless,the carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks for human exposure to OPEs through soil ingestion and dermal absorption were negligible.These findings would facilitate further investigations into the pollution management and risk control of OPEs.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60843005)the Basic Research Foundation of Beijing Institute of Technology(20070142018)
文摘A low-power complementary metal oxide semiconductor（CMOS） operational amplifier （op-amp） for real-time signal processing of micro air vehicle （MAV） is designed in this paper.Traditional folded cascode architecture with positive channel metal oxide semiconductor（PMOS） differential input transistors and sub-threshold technology are applied under the low supply voltage.Simulation results show that this amplifier has significantly low power,while maintaining almost the same gain,bandwidth and other key performances.The power required is only 0.12 mW,which is applicable to low-power and low-voltage real-time signal acquisition and processing system.
基金supported by the Joint Research Project of Hainan Province(No.ZDYF2024SHFZ085)Hainan Provincial Union Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City(No.2021CXLH0009)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42006195 and 42376234)the Science Technology Project of Yazhou Bay Innovation Institute of Hainan Tropical Ocean University(No.2022CXYZD002)the Scientific Research of Hainan Tropical Ocean University(No.RHDRC202201).
文摘The harsh natural environment of Antarctica has led to a lack of research on the presence and transport mechanisms of organophosphate esters(OPEs) within its ecosystem.In this study,we analyzed levels of 11 OPEs in air,soil,and vegetation samples collected during the 2018-2019 Chinese 35th Antarctic Scientific Expedition.Additionally,a level Ⅲ fugacity model was developed to simulate the movement and fate of detected OPEs in the air,soil,and vegetation of the Fildes Peninsula.Our model indicated that the primary OPEmigration pathway was from the atmosphere to the soil.OPE transportation primarily occurred through atmospheric wet deposition and rainwater dissolution.Among the 20 transport and transformation processes,atmospheric degradation was the most significant loss mechanism.The proposed model provides a method for continued investigation into the fate of OPEs in the Fildes Peninsula ecosystem.
基金Key Project of Joint Special Funds for Applied Basic Research of Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology Kunming Medical University,Grant/Award Number:2018FE001-(180)Clinical Research Center of the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province,Grant/Award Number:2023YJZX-LN01+2 种基金Kunming University of Science and Technology School of Medicine Postgraduate Innovation FundResearch Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:82460210Provincial Key Clinical Specialty Platform of the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province,Grant/Award Number:2024EKKFKT-04。
文摘Background:Diabetic retinal neuropathy(DRN)leads to significant visual impairment;however,no existing animal model fully replicates its neural alterations,and inconsistent induction protocols with high mortality rates hinder long-term investigations.Methods:Adult male rabbits were randomly assigned to four experimental groups,each receiving a single intravenous injection of varying doses of alloxan and one control group.The safety and efficacy of alloxan in inducing diabetes were evaluated to determine the optimal dose.At 9 weeks following injection with alloxan,retinal function was assessed using full-field electroretinography(ERG)and visual evoked potentials(VEPs).Retinal structure was examined in rabbits using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT),Optos ultra-widefield(Optos UWF)false-color imaging,and widefield fundus fluorescein angiography(WF-FFA).Results:Rabbits in the 80 mg/kg alloxan group exhibited fewer complications,lower mortality,and a higher model success rate compared to other groups.At 9 weeks post-injection,these rabbits demonstrated significantly elevated hemoglobin A1c and total cholesterol(p<0.05)relative to controls.ERG revealed statistically significant reductions in oscillatory potential and b-wave amplitudes(p<0.05),while VEP indicated decreased P2 amplitude(p<0.001)and prolonged P2 latency(p<0.05).SD-OCT,Optos UWF imaging,and WF-FFA demonstrated no significant changes in vascular abnormalities.Additionally,Hematoxylin and Eosin staining revealed retinal swelling(p<0.05),and immunofluorescence confirmed glial activation and neuronal loss.Conclusions:A single intravenous injection of 80 mg/kg alloxan effectively and safely induced DRN in rabbits,resulting in neural retina damage,thereby establishing this model as an ideal model for DRN research.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant numbers:82273585,81872581]the Shanghai 3-year Public Health Action Plan(Grant number:GWVI-11.1-39).
文摘Previous studies on the prenatal organophosphate ester(OPE)exposure's effect on children's neurodevelopment have yielded inconsistent results.In this study,we employed a longitudinal approach,capitalizing on multitime-point evaluations of exposure to OPEs and two-stage assessments of children's brain development.The study included 508 mother-child pairs.We measured seven OPEs in maternal serum throughout pregnancy and assessed children's mental health and developmental mile-stones at the age of 2 and 5.The group-based trajectory model identified pregnancy exposure trajectories.Generalized estimated equations and quantile-based g-computation were employed to evaluate the effects of OPEs on children's brain development.Four OPEs,including 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate(EHDPP),were detected in over 50%of the maternal samples.Each ln-unit increment of EHDPP was associated with an increased peer problem scores(IRR:1.104,95%CI:1.038-1.174)in mental health.Regarding development milestones,EHDPP was related to lower scores in communication,gross motor,personal-social,and total score of the ages and stages questionnaires(ASQ)(IRR:0.963-0.976).Trajectory analysis confirmed these associations.Notably,boys were more affected in terms of mental health,while girls were more vulnerable in terms of developmental milestones.Prenatal exposure to OPEs,particularly EHDPP,is associated with adverse brain development in early childhood with notable sex-specific differences in vulnerability.
