Based on a general model of Brownian motors, the Onsager coefficients and generalized efficiency of a thermal Brownian motor are calculated analytically. It is found that the Onsager reciprocity relation holds and the...Based on a general model of Brownian motors, the Onsager coefficients and generalized efficiency of a thermal Brownian motor are calculated analytically. It is found that the Onsager reciprocity relation holds and the Onsager coefficients are not affected by the kinetic energy change due to the particle＇s motion. Only when the heat leak in the system is negligible can the determinant of the Onsager matrix vanish. Moreover, the influence of the main parameters characterizing the model on the generalized efficiency of the Brownian motor is discussed in detail. The characteristic curves of the generalized efficiency varying with these parameters are presented, and the maximum generalized efficiency and the corresponding optimum parameters are determined. The results obtained here are of general significance. They are used to analyze the performance characteristics of the Brownian motors operating in the three interesting cases with zero heat leak, zero average drift velocity or a linear response relation, so that some important conclusions in current references are directly included in some limit cases of the present paper.展开更多
A new variational method is proposed to investigate the dynamics of the thin film in a coating flow where a liquid is delivered through a fixed slot gap onto a moving substrate. A simplified ODE system has also been d...A new variational method is proposed to investigate the dynamics of the thin film in a coating flow where a liquid is delivered through a fixed slot gap onto a moving substrate. A simplified ODE system has also been derived for the evolution of the thin film whose thickness hf is asymptotically constant behind the coating front. We calculate the phase diagram as well as the film profiles and approximate the film thickness theoretically, and agreement with the well-known scaling law as Ca2/3 is found.展开更多
We analytically describe the slip length of the surfactant-covered bubble film under the joint actions of pressure gradient and electric field.Considering the Marangoni effect,the slip length and consequent zeta poten...We analytically describe the slip length of the surfactant-covered bubble film under the joint actions of pressure gradient and electric field.Considering the Marangoni effect,the slip length and consequent zeta potential of the liquid‒vapor interface significantly reduced compared to the Marangoni-free interface at low surfactant concentrations,due to the surfactant accumulation at downstream of the bubble liquid film.In addition,we discovered that the friction coefficient of the liquid‒vapor interface becomes field dependent in a regime of strong coupling among volume flow,surfactant transport,and ionic current at the liquid‒vapor interface.We use the Onsager reciprocal relationship to describe the electrokinetic effects within a bubble film,including flow velocity,ionic current,and surfactant transport,which can describe theMarangoni effectswhile considering multi-physical effects.展开更多
The viscous dissipation limit of weak solutions is considered for the Navier-Stokes equations of compressible isentropic flows confined in a bounded domain.We establish a Kato-type criterion for the validity of the in...The viscous dissipation limit of weak solutions is considered for the Navier-Stokes equations of compressible isentropic flows confined in a bounded domain.We establish a Kato-type criterion for the validity of the inviscid limit for the weak solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations in a function space with the regularity index close to Onsager’s critical threshold.In particular,we prove that under such a regularity assumption,if the viscous energy dissipation rate vanishes in a boundary layer of thickness in the order of the viscosity,then the weak solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations converge to a weak admissible solution of the Euler equations.Our approach is based on the commutator estimates and a subtle foliation technique near the boundary of the domain.展开更多
In this paper, we introduce the progress of the Euler equation and Onsager conjecture. We also introduce the Euler＇s life, the researches about the incompressible Euler equation, and the Onsager conjecture.
In recent years,the interest in the development of highly concentrated electrolyte solutions for battery applications has increased enormously.Such electrolyte solutions are typically characterized by a low flammabili...In recent years,the interest in the development of highly concentrated electrolyte solutions for battery applications has increased enormously.Such electrolyte solutions are typically characterized by a low flammability,a high thermal and electrochemical stability and by the formation of a stable solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)in contact to electrode materials.However,the classification of concentrated electrolyte solutions in terms of the classical scheme"strong"or"weak"has been controversially discussed in the literature.In this paper,a comprehensive theoretical framework is presented for a more general classification,which is based on a comparison of charge transport and mass transport.By combining the Onsager transport formalism with linear response theory,center-of-mass fluctuations and collective translational dipole fluctuations of the ions in equilibrium are related to transport properties in a lithium-ion battery cell,namely mass transport,charge transport and Li^(+)transport under anion-blocking conditions.The relevance of the classification approach is substantiated by showing that i)it is straightforward to classify highly concentrated electrolytes and that ii)both fast charge transport and fast mass transport are indispensable for achieving fast Li^(+)transport under anion-blocking conditions.展开更多
The thermodynamic extremal principle incorporating the constraints from both fluxes and forces pro-posed in part I was applied to isothermal diffusion in multi-principal element alloys(MPEAs)to propose the so-called d...The thermodynamic extremal principle incorporating the constraints from both fluxes and forces pro-posed in part I was applied to isothermal diffusion in multi-principal element alloys(MPEAs)to propose the so-called double-constraint model.The model cannot reduce physically to the previous model con-sidering only the constraint from fluxes(i.e.,the single-constraint model)but in special cases reduces to Fick’s law and Darken’s equation,showing its reliability.Similar to the previous pair-wise model and single-constraint model,the solutes and solvent do not need to be defined in advance in the double-constraint model and the model can be also applied directly to diffusion in MPEAs.Applications to isothermal diffusion in CoCrFeMnNi pseudo-binary diffusion couple and CoCrFeNi,CoCrFeMnNi body-diagonal diffusion couples showed that the present double-constraint model overall predicted better the experimental results than the previous single-constraint model,indicating again the necessity to consider the constraints from both fluxes and forces in the phenomenological theory of Onsager.展开更多
Molecular structures of fourteen xanthine tautomers were calculated by using the B3LYP/6-311G**method both in the gas and aqueous phases with full geometry optimization.The Onsager solvation model was employed for aqu...Molecular structures of fourteen xanthine tautomers were calculated by using the B3LYP/6-311G**method both in the gas and aqueous phases with full geometry optimization.The Onsager solvation model was employed for aqueous solution calculations.The structures,total energy,standard enthalpy,standard entropy and standard free energy were obtained.The calculations showed that xanthine existing as the diketo form is the predominant isomer in the gas and aqueous phases.The dioxo-N（7）（H）isomer is more stable than the dioxo-N（9）（H）isomer in the gas and aqueous phases.The results are in good agreement with available experimental results.The entropy effect on the Gibbs free energy of xanthine base is very small and there is little significance for the tautomeric equilibria of the base.The enthalpic term is dominant in the determinatio of tautomeric equilibria.The free energy of solvation is well correlated with the dipole moments of xanthine tautomers.Additionally,origins of the solvent effects were examined by analyzing the changes of the dipole moments due to the change of a solvent polarity.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 10575084)
文摘Based on a general model of Brownian motors, the Onsager coefficients and generalized efficiency of a thermal Brownian motor are calculated analytically. It is found that the Onsager reciprocity relation holds and the Onsager coefficients are not affected by the kinetic energy change due to the particle＇s motion. Only when the heat leak in the system is negligible can the determinant of the Onsager matrix vanish. Moreover, the influence of the main parameters characterizing the model on the generalized efficiency of the Brownian motor is discussed in detail. The characteristic curves of the generalized efficiency varying with these parameters are presented, and the maximum generalized efficiency and the corresponding optimum parameters are determined. The results obtained here are of general significance. They are used to analyze the performance characteristics of the Brownian motors operating in the three interesting cases with zero heat leak, zero average drift velocity or a linear response relation, so that some important conclusions in current references are directly included in some limit cases of the present paper.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.91630208,91641107,and 11771437)
文摘A new variational method is proposed to investigate the dynamics of the thin film in a coating flow where a liquid is delivered through a fixed slot gap onto a moving substrate. A simplified ODE system has also been derived for the evolution of the thin film whose thickness hf is asymptotically constant behind the coating front. We calculate the phase diagram as well as the film profiles and approximate the film thickness theoretically, and agreement with the well-known scaling law as Ca2/3 is found.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:12388101,12241201Innovation Capability Support Programof Shaanxi,Grant/Award Number:2024RS-CXTD-15。
文摘We analytically describe the slip length of the surfactant-covered bubble film under the joint actions of pressure gradient and electric field.Considering the Marangoni effect,the slip length and consequent zeta potential of the liquid‒vapor interface significantly reduced compared to the Marangoni-free interface at low surfactant concentrations,due to the surfactant accumulation at downstream of the bubble liquid film.In addition,we discovered that the friction coefficient of the liquid‒vapor interface becomes field dependent in a regime of strong coupling among volume flow,surfactant transport,and ionic current at the liquid‒vapor interface.We use the Onsager reciprocal relationship to describe the electrokinetic effects within a bubble film,including flow velocity,ionic current,and surfactant transport,which can describe theMarangoni effectswhile considering multi-physical effects.
基金supported by National Science Foundation of USA(Grant No.DMS-1907584)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.JBK 2202045)+1 种基金supported by National Science Foundation of USA(Grant Nos.DMS-1907519 and DMS-2219384)supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12271122)。
文摘The viscous dissipation limit of weak solutions is considered for the Navier-Stokes equations of compressible isentropic flows confined in a bounded domain.We establish a Kato-type criterion for the validity of the inviscid limit for the weak solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations in a function space with the regularity index close to Onsager’s critical threshold.In particular,we prove that under such a regularity assumption,if the viscous energy dissipation rate vanishes in a boundary layer of thickness in the order of the viscosity,then the weak solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations converge to a weak admissible solution of the Euler equations.Our approach is based on the commutator estimates and a subtle foliation technique near the boundary of the domain.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China No.11731014supported by the Foundation of Guangzhou University:2700050357
文摘In this paper, we introduce the progress of the Euler equation and Onsager conjecture. We also introduce the Euler＇s life, the researches about the incompressible Euler equation, and the Onsager conjecture.
文摘In recent years,the interest in the development of highly concentrated electrolyte solutions for battery applications has increased enormously.Such electrolyte solutions are typically characterized by a low flammability,a high thermal and electrochemical stability and by the formation of a stable solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)in contact to electrode materials.However,the classification of concentrated electrolyte solutions in terms of the classical scheme"strong"or"weak"has been controversially discussed in the literature.In this paper,a comprehensive theoretical framework is presented for a more general classification,which is based on a comparison of charge transport and mass transport.By combining the Onsager transport formalism with linear response theory,center-of-mass fluctuations and collective translational dipole fluctuations of the ions in equilibrium are related to transport properties in a lithium-ion battery cell,namely mass transport,charge transport and Li^(+)transport under anion-blocking conditions.The relevance of the classification approach is substantiated by showing that i)it is straightforward to classify highly concentrated electrolytes and that ii)both fast charge transport and fast mass transport are indispensable for achieving fast Li^(+)transport under anion-blocking conditions.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51975474 and 52304414)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.3102019JC001).
文摘The thermodynamic extremal principle incorporating the constraints from both fluxes and forces pro-posed in part I was applied to isothermal diffusion in multi-principal element alloys(MPEAs)to propose the so-called double-constraint model.The model cannot reduce physically to the previous model con-sidering only the constraint from fluxes(i.e.,the single-constraint model)but in special cases reduces to Fick’s law and Darken’s equation,showing its reliability.Similar to the previous pair-wise model and single-constraint model,the solutes and solvent do not need to be defined in advance in the double-constraint model and the model can be also applied directly to diffusion in MPEAs.Applications to isothermal diffusion in CoCrFeMnNi pseudo-binary diffusion couple and CoCrFeNi,CoCrFeMnNi body-diagonal diffusion couples showed that the present double-constraint model overall predicted better the experimental results than the previous single-constraint model,indicating again the necessity to consider the constraints from both fluxes and forces in the phenomenological theory of Onsager.
文摘Molecular structures of fourteen xanthine tautomers were calculated by using the B3LYP/6-311G**method both in the gas and aqueous phases with full geometry optimization.The Onsager solvation model was employed for aqueous solution calculations.The structures,total energy,standard enthalpy,standard entropy and standard free energy were obtained.The calculations showed that xanthine existing as the diketo form is the predominant isomer in the gas and aqueous phases.The dioxo-N（7）（H）isomer is more stable than the dioxo-N（9）（H）isomer in the gas and aqueous phases.The results are in good agreement with available experimental results.The entropy effect on the Gibbs free energy of xanthine base is very small and there is little significance for the tautomeric equilibria of the base.The enthalpic term is dominant in the determinatio of tautomeric equilibria.The free energy of solvation is well correlated with the dipole moments of xanthine tautomers.Additionally,origins of the solvent effects were examined by analyzing the changes of the dipole moments due to the change of a solvent polarity.
