Baosteel＇s 60000 m^3/h air separation unit （ASU） is the largest oxygen generating system in China. The operational cost of such a giant system is very high. How to reduce the operational cost is a critical issue. T...Baosteel＇s 60000 m^3/h air separation unit （ASU） is the largest oxygen generating system in China. The operational cost of such a giant system is very high. How to reduce the operational cost is a critical issue. This paper discusses the system＇s characteristics,the current operational status and the difficulties in reducing the cost,and analyzes relevant indicators, such as the technical and economical indicators of individual units and systems as well as the indicators concerning the costs. The relationship between the cost and each economical indicator and measures to optimize an economical operation of the oxygen generating system are also discussed in this paper.展开更多
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation(anammox)plays a vital role in the global nitrogen cycle by mitigating reactive nitrogen.In recent years,its ecological importance has drawn increasing attention.Despite its widespread occu...Anaerobic ammonium oxidation(anammox)plays a vital role in the global nitrogen cycle by mitigating reactive nitrogen.In recent years,its ecological importance has drawn increasing attention.Despite its widespread occurrence,the distribution and quantitative contribution of anammox to global nitrogen loss remain unclear.We collected 390 reported anammox activity measurements which were obtained using 15N isotope tracing techniques and analyzed anammox rate and environmental factors including soil/sediment and water property using generalized additive models(GAMs).Moreover,based on the division of the anammox activity region,we estimated anammox-driven nitrogen loss across different ecosystems including wetlands and oxygen minimum zones(OMZs)ecosystems.Our findings revealed that soil moisture content was the most significant predictor of anammox activity in wetlands ecosystems.Paddy fields contributed 51%of anammox-driven nitrogen loss(32.0 Tg N/yr),followed by rivers/lakes(29%)and wetlands(20%).Asia emerged as the dominant region for anammoxdriven nitrogen loss(30.7 Tg N/yr),with paddy fields making a substantial contribution.North America was the second-largest contributor(25.4 Tg N/yr),with rivers/lakes being the main sources of nitrogen loss.In OMZs ecosystems,nitrate and dissolved oxygen were key factors influencing anammox rates.OMZs were hotspots for anammox,with peak activity at 300 m depth and nitrogen loss totaling 68.6 Tg N/yr,mostly between 100 and 500 m depths.This study underscores the critical role of anammox in global nitrogen cycling and offers a basis for environmental nitrogen management through predictive anammox modeling.展开更多
Chemical oxygen generators(COGs)have been used worldwide in confined spaces as an emergency oxygen supply technology,mainly because they are independent and have a long shelf life.However,a number of challenges relate...Chemical oxygen generators(COGs)have been used worldwide in confined spaces as an emergency oxygen supply technology,mainly because they are independent and have a long shelf life.However,a number of challenges related to COGs remain unsolved,and a literature review of the current state of the technology is needed.First,the present article summarizes the basic information and applications of COGs,including their oxygen production mechanism,components,forming technology,and ignition system.Four current challenges encountered in applying COGs are discussed,along with the strategies adopted thus far to solve these problems,as found in the published literature.The literature survey reveals that,although much effort has been devoted to controlling the oxygen production rate and the heat output of COGs,the mechanism of producing toxic gases remains unclear and a reliable and safe ignition system has not been fully developed.Finally,future opportunities in the development of COGs are briefly listed.展开更多
Photothermal therapy(PTT)and photodynamic therapy(PDT)have received tremendous attention owing to their great potential for tumor treatment.However,two main issues hamper the antitumor performance of PDT:overexpressio...Photothermal therapy(PTT)and photodynamic therapy(PDT)have received tremendous attention owing to their great potential for tumor treatment.However,two main issues hamper the antitumor performance of PDT:overexpression of glutathione(GSH)in tumors,which consumes PDT-induced reactive oxygen species(ROS),and hypoxia within the tumor microenvironment.The drawbacks of PTT include uneven temperature distribution and the upregulation of the heat-shock proteins in tumors,both of which result in ineffective treatment.To address these issues,a MnO_(2)doped nano-delivery system(HTIM-PMs)was synthesized by one-step self-assembly of disulfide bond bridged copolymers for indocyanine green(ICG)and MnO_(2)loading.The surface of polymeric micelles was layered with hyaluronan(HA)and transactivator(TAT)peptides to improve active targeting and increase cell penetration.After internalization,HTIM-PMs showed responsiveness to the tumor microenvironment(acid pH,high glutathione,high H_(2)O_(2)).Breaking the disulfide bond reduced the intratumoral GSH level and simultaneously released the MnO_(2)and ICG.The released MnO_(2)further reduced the GSH level and promoted O_(2)generation,thus enhancing the PDT effect.The PTT-mediated hyperthermia accelerated blood flow,which is beneficial for O_(2)distribution,and promotes ROS diffusion.These PTT-mediated adjuvant effects further overcame the limitations of PDT and the robust PDT effect in turn compensated for the deficiency of PTT.This promising platform exhibited a significant improvement in the PTT-PDT cancer treatment strategy compared to previously reported nanostructures.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the effects of various degrees of hyperventilation on balance of cerebral oxygensupply and consumption during intravenous general anesthesia with jugular venous oxygen saturation monitoringMetbo...Objective: To evaluate the effects of various degrees of hyperventilation on balance of cerebral oxygensupply and consumption during intravenous general anesthesia with jugular venous oxygen saturation monitoringMetbods: Sixty-six patients with supratentorial tumor undergoing intravenous general anesthesia for brain surgerywere randomly divided into three groups. In group Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ, end-tidal pressure of Co2(PETCO2) were maintained at 3. 5, 4. 0 and 4. 5 kPa respectively. Radial arterial blood samples and jugular bulb blood samples weretaken synchronously at 60 min after hyperventilation to measure jugular venous oxygen saturation (SjvO2), cerebral extraction of oxygen (CEO2) and cerebral arteriovenous oxygen content difference (AVDO2) were calculatedResults: In group Ⅰ after hyperventilation, SjvO, and jugular venous oxygen content (CjvO2) were decreasedmarkedly while CEO2 was increased significantly, which was different significantly compared with the baseline andcorresponding value in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P<0. 05). After hyperventilation in group, and, SjvO2 CjvO2, CEO2and AVDO, remained unchanged. Conclusion: This study shows that sustained excessive hyperventilation (PETCO23.5 kPa) may account for the less favorable cerebral oxygen supply and consumption balance and maintained PETCO, at 4. 0~4. 5 kPa was optimal hyperventilation for brain surgery anesthesia.展开更多
The potential of carrying out oxidative desulfurization(ODS) using oxygen as an oxidant was explored in this work. n-Octane firstly reacted with oxygen to produce hydroperoxides in-situ, which were then used as oxidan...The potential of carrying out oxidative desulfurization(ODS) using oxygen as an oxidant was explored in this work. n-Octane firstly reacted with oxygen to produce hydroperoxides in-situ, which were then used as oxidants to oxidize the dibenzothiophene(DBT) in the absence of catalysts. The hydroperoxides generated in-situ were effective in oxidizing DBT to its corresponding dibenzothiophene sulfone(DBTO_2) which was characterized by FT-IR and ~1H-NMR. The removal rate of DBT could reached 98.4% under conditions covering a temperaure of 140℃, a rection duration of 4 h, and an oxygen partial pressure of 0.4 MPa. The influences of different hydrocarbon components in diesel on DBT removal were investigated. The results showed that cyclohexane and n-dodecane had no effect on the removal of DBT, but xylene had a slight negative effect on DBT removal. A possible oxidation mechanism was proposed and the concentration of hydroperoxides in both O_2-oxidized octane and model diesel were detected.展开更多
The ceramic membrane oxygen generation technology has advantages of high concentration of produced oxygen and potential nuclear and biochemical protection capability. The present paper studies the ceramic membrane tec...The ceramic membrane oxygen generation technology has advantages of high concentration of produced oxygen and potential nuclear and biochemical protection capability. The present paper studies the ceramic membrane technology for onboard oxygen generation. Comparisons are made to have knowledge of the effects of two kinds of ceramic membrane separation technologies on oxygen generation, namely electricity driven ceramic membrane separation oxygen generation technology (EDCMSOGT) and pressure driven ceramic membrane separation oxygen generation technology (PDCMSOGT). Experiments were conducted under different temperatures, pressures of feed air and produced oxygen flow rates. On the basis of these experiments, the flow rate of feed air, electric power provided, oxygen recovery rate and concentration of produced oxygen are compared under each working condition. It is concluded that the EDCMSOGT is the oxygen generation means more suitable for onboard conditions. (C) 2016 Chinese Society of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Production and hosting by Elsevier Ltd.展开更多
The electrochemical oxygen generator has been popularized for its virtues, such as high oxygen concentration output, electricity saving, easy operation and maintenance. The key part of electrochemical oxygen generator...The electrochemical oxygen generator has been popularized for its virtues, such as high oxygen concentration output, electricity saving, easy operation and maintenance. The key part of electrochemical oxygen generator is carbon electrode used as the cathode. The preparation of high performance carbon electrode was introduced in this paper. The properties of carbon electrode was tested. The electrochemical oxygen generator using carbon electrode as the cathode was prepared. The oxygen concentration and flow of this machine is hi,yher thnn ｜hal of others in china.展开更多
Background: The concentration of supplemental O2 should be measured during general anesthesia to determine whether patients’ pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) is correct. Nevertheless, we do not know standard value ...Background: The concentration of supplemental O2 should be measured during general anesthesia to determine whether patients’ pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) is correct. Nevertheless, we do not know standard value of PaO2 by age in supine position during general anesthesia. In this study, we evaluated the PaO2 by age at 33% or 40% O2 concentration. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the anesthetic charts of 660 patients who were received general anesthesia from January 2001 to December 2013. Patients were divided into two groups by concentration of fraction of inspiratory oxygen: group at 33% or 40%. Second, patients aged 16 - 85 years were classified into 7 groups by age with each group covering one decade. Results: The PaO2 was 185.1 ± 19.2 mmHg (33%) and 209.8 ± 19.8 mmHg (40%) at age 16 - 25 years, 178.7 ± 23.6 mmHg (33%) and 202.7 ± 26.0 mmHg (40%) at age 26 - 35 years, 165.8 ± 30.6 mmHg (33%) and 188.9 ± 22.2 (40%) mmHg at age 36 - 45 years, 154.1 ± 22.8 mmHg (33%) and 181.8 ± 19.2 (40%) mmHg at age 46 - 55 years, 153.7 ± 21.7 mmHg (33%) and 177.5 ± 18.1 mmHg (40%) at age 56 - 65 years, 152.2 ± 24.5 mmHg and 171.0 ± 22.1 mmHg at age 66 - 75 years, and 154.6 ± 24.3 mmHg and 174.1 ± 20.2 mmHg at age 76 - 85 years. Conclusion: The PaO2 tended to decrease with age at both 33% and 40% O2 concentration.展开更多
A series of symmetrical and unsymmetrical phenylene-vinylene （PV） based chro- mophores with the molecular configuration of donor-π-donor （D-g-D） were prepared and characterized. Iodine was first introduced into t...A series of symmetrical and unsymmetrical phenylene-vinylene （PV） based chro- mophores with the molecular configuration of donor-π-donor （D-g-D） were prepared and characterized. Iodine was first introduced into the Jr-conjugation backbone of the PV based chromophores in order to study the heavy atom effect on their linear absorption, two-photon absorption （TPA） properties, as well as singlet oxygen generation properties. TPA cross-sections of these chromophores were investigated by using the two-photon excited fluorescence method. The unsymmetrical chromophores were found to have larger TPA cross-section values compared to their symmetrical counterparts. For one of the unsymmetrical chromophores with the iodine incorporation, a large TPA cross section value with quenched emission was found. The decreased fluorescence quantum yield of a molecule can be ascribed to the increased intersystem crossing, which is favorable for enhancing the singlet oxygen generation. Therefore, the unsymmetrical PV based chromophores with heavy atom incorporation are promising singlet oxygen sensitizers for the photodynamic therapy application.展开更多
Background: Anesthetists should measure the concentration of supplemental oxygen to determine whether patients’ partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) is correct during general anesthesia. However, the standard P...Background: Anesthetists should measure the concentration of supplemental oxygen to determine whether patients’ partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) is correct during general anesthesia. However, the standard PaO2 value in obese patients in the supine position is unknown. We evaluated the PaO2 with respect to the Broca-Katsura obesity index. Materials and Methods: From January 2001 to December 2013, we evaluated 472 patients aged ≥16 years old that underwent general anesthesia in the supine position. The anesthetic charts of 472 patients with an American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status of I or II were retrospectively reviewed to investigate the PaO2. Results: In patients aged 16 to 2 was 165.7 ± 25.6 mmHg at a Broca-Katsura index of 2 was 152.1 ± 23.8 mmHg at a Broca-Katsura index of 2 tended to decrease with age from 16 to 2 tended to decrease with age from 16 to <65 years at a Broca-Katsura index of 20% to <40%.展开更多
文摘Baosteel＇s 60000 m^3/h air separation unit （ASU） is the largest oxygen generating system in China. The operational cost of such a giant system is very high. How to reduce the operational cost is a critical issue. This paper discusses the system＇s characteristics,the current operational status and the difficulties in reducing the cost,and analyzes relevant indicators, such as the technical and economical indicators of individual units and systems as well as the indicators concerning the costs. The relationship between the cost and each economical indicator and measures to optimize an economical operation of the oxygen generating system are also discussed in this paper.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB0750400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.91851204,42177063,and 52370185)+1 种基金the Special project of eco-environmental technology for peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality(No.RCEES-TDZ-2021-20)the State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control(Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences)(No.24Z01ESPCR).
文摘Anaerobic ammonium oxidation(anammox)plays a vital role in the global nitrogen cycle by mitigating reactive nitrogen.In recent years,its ecological importance has drawn increasing attention.Despite its widespread occurrence,the distribution and quantitative contribution of anammox to global nitrogen loss remain unclear.We collected 390 reported anammox activity measurements which were obtained using 15N isotope tracing techniques and analyzed anammox rate and environmental factors including soil/sediment and water property using generalized additive models(GAMs).Moreover,based on the division of the anammox activity region,we estimated anammox-driven nitrogen loss across different ecosystems including wetlands and oxygen minimum zones(OMZs)ecosystems.Our findings revealed that soil moisture content was the most significant predictor of anammox activity in wetlands ecosystems.Paddy fields contributed 51%of anammox-driven nitrogen loss(32.0 Tg N/yr),followed by rivers/lakes(29%)and wetlands(20%).Asia emerged as the dominant region for anammoxdriven nitrogen loss(30.7 Tg N/yr),with paddy fields making a substantial contribution.North America was the second-largest contributor(25.4 Tg N/yr),with rivers/lakes being the main sources of nitrogen loss.In OMZs ecosystems,nitrate and dissolved oxygen were key factors influencing anammox rates.OMZs were hotspots for anammox,with peak activity at 300 m depth and nitrogen loss totaling 68.6 Tg N/yr,mostly between 100 and 500 m depths.This study underscores the critical role of anammox in global nitrogen cycling and offers a basis for environmental nitrogen management through predictive anammox modeling.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2017YFC0805204)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51504017 and 51874015)
文摘Chemical oxygen generators(COGs)have been used worldwide in confined spaces as an emergency oxygen supply technology,mainly because they are independent and have a long shelf life.However,a number of challenges related to COGs remain unsolved,and a literature review of the current state of the technology is needed.First,the present article summarizes the basic information and applications of COGs,including their oxygen production mechanism,components,forming technology,and ignition system.Four current challenges encountered in applying COGs are discussed,along with the strategies adopted thus far to solve these problems,as found in the published literature.The literature survey reveals that,although much effort has been devoted to controlling the oxygen production rate and the heat output of COGs,the mechanism of producing toxic gases remains unclear and a reliable and safe ignition system has not been fully developed.Finally,future opportunities in the development of COGs are briefly listed.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82172090 and 82072059)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS,Nos.2021-I2M-1-058 and 2022-I2M-1-023)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2019PT320028)Tianjin Municipal Natural Science Foundation(No.20JCYBJC00030)。
文摘Photothermal therapy(PTT)and photodynamic therapy(PDT)have received tremendous attention owing to their great potential for tumor treatment.However,two main issues hamper the antitumor performance of PDT:overexpression of glutathione(GSH)in tumors,which consumes PDT-induced reactive oxygen species(ROS),and hypoxia within the tumor microenvironment.The drawbacks of PTT include uneven temperature distribution and the upregulation of the heat-shock proteins in tumors,both of which result in ineffective treatment.To address these issues,a MnO_(2)doped nano-delivery system(HTIM-PMs)was synthesized by one-step self-assembly of disulfide bond bridged copolymers for indocyanine green(ICG)and MnO_(2)loading.The surface of polymeric micelles was layered with hyaluronan(HA)and transactivator(TAT)peptides to improve active targeting and increase cell penetration.After internalization,HTIM-PMs showed responsiveness to the tumor microenvironment(acid pH,high glutathione,high H_(2)O_(2)).Breaking the disulfide bond reduced the intratumoral GSH level and simultaneously released the MnO_(2)and ICG.The released MnO_(2)further reduced the GSH level and promoted O_(2)generation,thus enhancing the PDT effect.The PTT-mediated hyperthermia accelerated blood flow,which is beneficial for O_(2)distribution,and promotes ROS diffusion.These PTT-mediated adjuvant effects further overcame the limitations of PDT and the robust PDT effect in turn compensated for the deficiency of PTT.This promising platform exhibited a significant improvement in the PTT-PDT cancer treatment strategy compared to previously reported nanostructures.
文摘Objective: To evaluate the effects of various degrees of hyperventilation on balance of cerebral oxygensupply and consumption during intravenous general anesthesia with jugular venous oxygen saturation monitoringMetbods: Sixty-six patients with supratentorial tumor undergoing intravenous general anesthesia for brain surgerywere randomly divided into three groups. In group Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ, end-tidal pressure of Co2(PETCO2) were maintained at 3. 5, 4. 0 and 4. 5 kPa respectively. Radial arterial blood samples and jugular bulb blood samples weretaken synchronously at 60 min after hyperventilation to measure jugular venous oxygen saturation (SjvO2), cerebral extraction of oxygen (CEO2) and cerebral arteriovenous oxygen content difference (AVDO2) were calculatedResults: In group Ⅰ after hyperventilation, SjvO, and jugular venous oxygen content (CjvO2) were decreasedmarkedly while CEO2 was increased significantly, which was different significantly compared with the baseline andcorresponding value in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P<0. 05). After hyperventilation in group, and, SjvO2 CjvO2, CEO2and AVDO, remained unchanged. Conclusion: This study shows that sustained excessive hyperventilation (PETCO23.5 kPa) may account for the less favorable cerebral oxygen supply and consumption balance and maintained PETCO, at 4. 0~4. 5 kPa was optimal hyperventilation for brain surgery anesthesia.
基金the Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Project (201710057009) for providing funding and support for this research
文摘The potential of carrying out oxidative desulfurization(ODS) using oxygen as an oxidant was explored in this work. n-Octane firstly reacted with oxygen to produce hydroperoxides in-situ, which were then used as oxidants to oxidize the dibenzothiophene(DBT) in the absence of catalysts. The hydroperoxides generated in-situ were effective in oxidizing DBT to its corresponding dibenzothiophene sulfone(DBTO_2) which was characterized by FT-IR and ~1H-NMR. The removal rate of DBT could reached 98.4% under conditions covering a temperaure of 140℃, a rection duration of 4 h, and an oxygen partial pressure of 0.4 MPa. The influences of different hydrocarbon components in diesel on DBT removal were investigated. The results showed that cyclohexane and n-dodecane had no effect on the removal of DBT, but xylene had a slight negative effect on DBT removal. A possible oxidation mechanism was proposed and the concentration of hydroperoxides in both O_2-oxidized octane and model diesel were detected.
基金Project Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China （ 11105067 ）, Science Technology Pillar Program of Jiangxi Province, China （2009AE00100）.
文摘The ceramic membrane oxygen generation technology has advantages of high concentration of produced oxygen and potential nuclear and biochemical protection capability. The present paper studies the ceramic membrane technology for onboard oxygen generation. Comparisons are made to have knowledge of the effects of two kinds of ceramic membrane separation technologies on oxygen generation, namely electricity driven ceramic membrane separation oxygen generation technology (EDCMSOGT) and pressure driven ceramic membrane separation oxygen generation technology (PDCMSOGT). Experiments were conducted under different temperatures, pressures of feed air and produced oxygen flow rates. On the basis of these experiments, the flow rate of feed air, electric power provided, oxygen recovery rate and concentration of produced oxygen are compared under each working condition. It is concluded that the EDCMSOGT is the oxygen generation means more suitable for onboard conditions. (C) 2016 Chinese Society of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Production and hosting by Elsevier Ltd.
文摘The electrochemical oxygen generator has been popularized for its virtues, such as high oxygen concentration output, electricity saving, easy operation and maintenance. The key part of electrochemical oxygen generator is carbon electrode used as the cathode. The preparation of high performance carbon electrode was introduced in this paper. The properties of carbon electrode was tested. The electrochemical oxygen generator using carbon electrode as the cathode was prepared. The oxygen concentration and flow of this machine is hi,yher thnn ｜hal of others in china.
文摘Background: The concentration of supplemental O2 should be measured during general anesthesia to determine whether patients’ pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) is correct. Nevertheless, we do not know standard value of PaO2 by age in supine position during general anesthesia. In this study, we evaluated the PaO2 by age at 33% or 40% O2 concentration. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the anesthetic charts of 660 patients who were received general anesthesia from January 2001 to December 2013. Patients were divided into two groups by concentration of fraction of inspiratory oxygen: group at 33% or 40%. Second, patients aged 16 - 85 years were classified into 7 groups by age with each group covering one decade. Results: The PaO2 was 185.1 ± 19.2 mmHg (33%) and 209.8 ± 19.8 mmHg (40%) at age 16 - 25 years, 178.7 ± 23.6 mmHg (33%) and 202.7 ± 26.0 mmHg (40%) at age 26 - 35 years, 165.8 ± 30.6 mmHg (33%) and 188.9 ± 22.2 (40%) mmHg at age 36 - 45 years, 154.1 ± 22.8 mmHg (33%) and 181.8 ± 19.2 (40%) mmHg at age 46 - 55 years, 153.7 ± 21.7 mmHg (33%) and 177.5 ± 18.1 mmHg (40%) at age 56 - 65 years, 152.2 ± 24.5 mmHg and 171.0 ± 22.1 mmHg at age 66 - 75 years, and 154.6 ± 24.3 mmHg and 174.1 ± 20.2 mmHg at age 76 - 85 years. Conclusion: The PaO2 tended to decrease with age at both 33% and 40% O2 concentration.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(21102144)in part supported by 100 Talents Programme of Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘A series of symmetrical and unsymmetrical phenylene-vinylene （PV） based chro- mophores with the molecular configuration of donor-π-donor （D-g-D） were prepared and characterized. Iodine was first introduced into the Jr-conjugation backbone of the PV based chromophores in order to study the heavy atom effect on their linear absorption, two-photon absorption （TPA） properties, as well as singlet oxygen generation properties. TPA cross-sections of these chromophores were investigated by using the two-photon excited fluorescence method. The unsymmetrical chromophores were found to have larger TPA cross-section values compared to their symmetrical counterparts. For one of the unsymmetrical chromophores with the iodine incorporation, a large TPA cross section value with quenched emission was found. The decreased fluorescence quantum yield of a molecule can be ascribed to the increased intersystem crossing, which is favorable for enhancing the singlet oxygen generation. Therefore, the unsymmetrical PV based chromophores with heavy atom incorporation are promising singlet oxygen sensitizers for the photodynamic therapy application.
文摘Background: Anesthetists should measure the concentration of supplemental oxygen to determine whether patients’ partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) is correct during general anesthesia. However, the standard PaO2 value in obese patients in the supine position is unknown. We evaluated the PaO2 with respect to the Broca-Katsura obesity index. Materials and Methods: From January 2001 to December 2013, we evaluated 472 patients aged ≥16 years old that underwent general anesthesia in the supine position. The anesthetic charts of 472 patients with an American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status of I or II were retrospectively reviewed to investigate the PaO2. Results: In patients aged 16 to 2 was 165.7 ± 25.6 mmHg at a Broca-Katsura index of 2 was 152.1 ± 23.8 mmHg at a Broca-Katsura index of 2 tended to decrease with age from 16 to 2 tended to decrease with age from 16 to <65 years at a Broca-Katsura index of 20% to <40%.
