Moringa oleifera(MO)is traditionally used to mitigate inflammatory-mediated disorders;however,the influence of ecotypic variation on its anti-inflammatory activity remains poorly understood.In this study,we compared t...Moringa oleifera(MO)is traditionally used to mitigate inflammatory-mediated disorders;however,the influence of ecotypic variation on its anti-inflammatory activity remains poorly understood.In this study,we compared the phytochemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extracts obtained from fresh and dried leaves of four MO ecotypes(India,Paraguay,Mozambique,and Pakistan),all grown under the same outdoor conditions,as well as two commercial powders(Just Moringa and WISSA),using LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages.Extracts from fresh leaves were 19-43%more cytotoxic than those from dried leaves,depending on the ecotype,likely due to higher cyanogenic glycoside content.Extracts from the India and Paraguay ecotypes,characterized by high levels of quercetin derivatives and caffeic acids,as well as Just Moringa,enriched in kaempferol derivatives,significantly inhibited LPS-induced nitric oxide(NO)production(p<0.05).Just Moringa and Paraguay extracts also reduced iNOS gene expression(p<0.05 and p<0.01,respectively),whereas only the Paraguay extract decreased iNOS protein levels(p<0.05).In contrast,quercetin-3-O-glucoside and rutin showed significant effects only at concentrations approximately 100-fold higher than those present in the extracts,indicating that the phytocomplex displays greater bioactivity than individual compounds.Overall,these results demonstrate that ecotypic variation strongly affects the polyphenolic composition and anti-inflammatory properties of MO leaves,highlighting the importance of reporting both origin and phytochemical composition in MO-based products.展开更多
Sucrose transporters(SUTs)play a crucial role in carbon allocation from the source leaf to the sink end,and the function of SUTs varies among family members.However,the genome-wide identifcation of the SUT superfamily...Sucrose transporters(SUTs)play a crucial role in carbon allocation from the source leaf to the sink end,and the function of SUTs varies among family members.However,the genome-wide identifcation of the SUT superfamily in Camellia oleifera is lacking,and their biological function remains elusive.In this study,four SUT genes-designated Co SUT1-4-were identifed in C.oleifera through a genome-wide analysis and classifed into three subfamilies.We used a combination of cis-acting elements analysis,mRNA quantifcation,histochemical analysis,and heterologous transformation to evaluate the expression profiles and functions of these SUTs.A key finding is that CoSUT4,localized on the plasma membrane,is highly expressed in mature leaves and the early stage of seed development in C.oleifera.In vitro culture of C.oleifera seed revealed the responsiveness of CoSUT4 to various exogenous hormones such as ABA and GA.CoSUT4 was able to restore the growth of the yeast strain SUSY7/ura3(a sucrose transport-defcient mutant)on sucrose-containing media and specifcally contributed to sucrose translocation and tissue growth in CoSUT4-overexpressed apple calli.In situ hybridization identifed chalazal nucellus and transfer cells as the action sites of CoSUT4 at the maternal-flial interface mediating sucrose transportation in oil tea seeds.CoSUT4 overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana atsuc4 mutant restored the growth and seed yield defciencies of the mutant,leading to an increase in flled seeds and oil content.Additionally,CoSUT4 overexpression enhanced the drought and salt stress tolerance by augmenting sugar content.Overall,these fndings provide valuable insights into the function of SUTs and present promising candidates for the genetic enhancement of seed production in C.oleifera.展开更多
Subtropical evergreen broad-leaved trees are usually vulnerable to freezing stress,while hexaploid wild Camellia oleifera shows strong freezing tolerance.As a valuable genetic resource of woody oil crop C.oleifera,wil...Subtropical evergreen broad-leaved trees are usually vulnerable to freezing stress,while hexaploid wild Camellia oleifera shows strong freezing tolerance.As a valuable genetic resource of woody oil crop C.oleifera,wild C.oleifera can serve as a case for studying the molecular bases of adaptive evolution to freezing stress.Here,47 wild C.oleifera from 11 natural distribution sites in China and 4 relative species of C.oleifera were selected for genome sequencing.“Min Temperature of Coldest Month”(BIO6)had the highest comprehensive contribution to wild C.oleifera distribution.The population genetic structure of wild C.oleifera could be divided into two groups:in cold winter(BIO6≤0℃)and warm winter(BIO6>0℃)areas.Wild C.oleifera in cold winter areas might have experienced stronger selection pressures and population bottlenecks with lower N_(e) than those in warm winter areas.155 singlenucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)were significantly correlated with the key bioclimatic variables(106 SNPs significantly correlated with BIO6).Twenty key SNPs and 15 key copy number variation regions(CNVRs)were found with genotype differentiation>50%between the two groups of wild C.oleifera.Key SNPs in cis-regulatory elements might affect the expression of key genes associated with freezing tolerance,and they were also found within a CNVR suggesting interactions between them.Some key CNVRs in the exon regions were closely related to the differentially expressed genes under freezing stress.The findings suggest that rich SNPs and CNVRs in polyploid trees may contribute to the adaptive evolution to freezing stress.展开更多
Obesity has brought great challenges to global human health,and how to effectively prevent and control the occurrence and development of obesity has become an urgent problem.The role and mechanism of 4-[(α-Lrhamnosyl...Obesity has brought great challenges to global human health,and how to effectively prevent and control the occurrence and development of obesity has become an urgent problem.The role and mechanism of 4-[(α-Lrhamnosyloxy)benzyl]isothiocyanate(MITC),an active ingredient of Moringa oleifera Lam.,in the regulation of lipid metabolism have not been comprehensively investigated.In the present study,we investigated the mechanism of MITC in inhibiting lipid accumulation in mice fed with a high-fat diet(HFD)in terms of both lipolysis and central appetite regulation mediated by the gut microbe-gut-brain axis.MITC enhanced the characteristic indices associated with HFD mice and also promoted adipocytolysis and brown fat thermogenesis.Moreover,MITC was observed to improve leptin resistance,modulate the composition of gut microbiota such as Ruminococcaceae,Parasutterella,and Acetatifactor,promote 5-hydroxytryptamine secretion,further enhance the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)and peptide tyrosine-tyrosine(PYY)to activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR)signaling in the hypothalamus,and modulate feeding behavior to inhibit lipid accumulation in HFD mice.These data suggest that MITC supplementation can help to alleviate obesity or obesity-related diseases.展开更多
Moringa oleifera have laxative effects,but their active compositions and mechanisms are not very clear thus far.To this end,we systematically explored the active components and mechanism of M.oleifera leaves in reliev...Moringa oleifera have laxative effects,but their active compositions and mechanisms are not very clear thus far.To this end,we systematically explored the active components and mechanism of M.oleifera leaves in relieving constipation by using the slow transit constipation(STC)mouse model and network pharmacology.The results of animal experiments showed that M.oleifera aqueous extract(MOA)had good laxative activity,and its 70%alcohol soluble part(ASP)also showed significant laxative activity(P<0.01).Network pharmacological prediction results suggested that L-phenylalanine(Phe)was the key compound of ASP,and it might relieve constipation through tachykinin receptor 1(TACR1)and three kinds of adrenergic receptors,includingα_(1A)(ADRA1A),α_(2A)(ADRA2A),andα_(2B)(ADRA2B).Further animal experiment results showed that Phe significantly promoted gastrointestinal motility.Phe may relieve STC by enhancing the release of substance P(SP)and upregulating the m RNA expression of TACR1 in the ileum.Importantly,Phe may also promote intestinal movement by downregulating the m RNA expression of ADRA2A and ADRA2B and upregulating the m RNA expression of Calm and the m RNA and protein expression of myosin light chain 9 in the ileum,thereby activating the G protein-coupled receptor-myosin light chain signaling pathway.These results lay a foundation for the application of M.oleifera and Phe in constipation.展开更多
Moringa oleifera Lam.is a Moringa genus in the Moringaceae family that is high in nutrients and has a wide range of applications.Phenolic compounds are widely found in plants and have various health benefits for the h...Moringa oleifera Lam.is a Moringa genus in the Moringaceae family that is high in nutrients and has a wide range of applications.Phenolic compounds are widely found in plants and have various health benefits for the human body.With its high content and wide variety of phenolic compounds,M.oleifera Lam.has been widely studied for its health benefits.The phenolic compounds in M.oleifera Lam.(MOPCs)can be a potential source of functional food ingredients in pharmaceutical and industrial applications.Numerous studies have shown that MOPCs have antioxidant,anti-obesity,anti-diabetic,and antibacterial effects.Although the research on MOPCs has been gradually increasing,the extraction,isolation,identification,biological activities,and comprehensive application of MOPCs need a more systematic summary and generalization.Therefore,this paper reviews the isolation and extraction methods,structure identification,biological activities,and comprehensive applications to provide a further reference for the research and application of MOPCs.展开更多
Camellia oleifera cake(COC), a nutrient-rich by-product of tea oil extraction, holds promise as a high-quality protein source but is limited in feed applications due to anti-nutritional factors, mainly tea saponins an...Camellia oleifera cake(COC), a nutrient-rich by-product of tea oil extraction, holds promise as a high-quality protein source but is limited in feed applications due to anti-nutritional factors, mainly tea saponins and crude fiber. This study employed solid-state fermentation using a compound microbial agent combined with cellulase to enhance COC's palatability and nutritional value. Single-strain fermentation identified Lactiplantibacillus plantarum as most effective in degrading tea saponins(46.0%) without reducing crude fiber. Optimal conditions were 0.1% inoculum, 48 h at 37 ℃, with 20% sugar. For cellulase hydrolysis, the best parameters were: 50 U/g enzyme, 50 ℃, 8 h, using 40-mesh sieved substrate. Combined fermentation began with enzymatic treatment followed by inoculation with a 1: 1: 1: 1: 1: 1 mixture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae(two strains), Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus coagulans, and Lactobacillus acidophilus. The optimized conditions(0.1% inoculum, 7 days, 37 ℃, 20% sugar, 50% moisture) significantly reduced anti-nutritional components and improved protein content, indicating the potential of fermented COC as a viable feed ingredient.展开更多
Camellia oleifera is one of the four largest oil tree species in the world,and also an important economic crop in China,which has overwhelming economic benefits.However,Camellia oleifera is invaded by various diseases...Camellia oleifera is one of the four largest oil tree species in the world,and also an important economic crop in China,which has overwhelming economic benefits.However,Camellia oleifera is invaded by various diseases during its growth process,which leads to yield reduction and profit damage.To address this problem and ensure the healthy growth of Camellia oleifera,the purpose of this study is to apply the lightweight network to the identification and detection of camellia oleifolia leaf disease.The attention mechanism was combined for highlighting the local features and improve the attention of the model to the key areas of Camellia oleifera disease images.To prove the recognition of the optimized network on Camellia oleifera leaf disease,we tested the network performance of the optimized model with other object detection algorithms such as YOLOV5s,SSD,Faster-RCNN,YOLOv8,and YOLOv10.The results show that the mAP,recall,and accuracy of the trained network achieved 82.9%,75.7% and 80.6%,respectively.The optimized YOLO-Lite model has the advantages of small size and few parameters while ensuring high accuracy,thus it has a satisfactory effect on leaf disease identification of Camellia oleifera.展开更多
The extensive use of polymeric materials in single-use packaging has driven the need to develop biodegradable alternatives.This study investigates the incorporation of graphene oxide(GO)and Moringa oleifera seed oil(M...The extensive use of polymeric materials in single-use packaging has driven the need to develop biodegradable alternatives.This study investigates the incorporation of graphene oxide(GO)and Moringa oleifera seed oil(MOSO)into a gelatin matrix to create polymer films and evaluate their potential as active packaging materials.The properties of these films were evaluated using structural,thermal,mechanical,optical,and physicochemical methods to determine their suitability for food packaging applications.The results showed that GO and MOSO were homogeneously dispersed in the gelatin matrix,forming colloidal particles(around 5μm in diameter).The addition of GO increased opacity by approximately 20 times the base value while MOSO affected light transmittance without impacting opacity.Mechanical properties were affected differently,GO acted as a crosslinking agent reducing elongation and increasing tensile strength at break,on the other hand MOSO acted as a plasticizer,making films more plastic increasing elongation a 30%.These effects counteracted each other,and similar behavior was recorded in differential scanning calorimetry.The films exhibited an improved water vapor resistance,which is crucial for food packaging.These findings indicate that the incorporation of GO and MOSO into a gelatin matrix may produce biodegradable polymer films with enhanced properties,suitable for active packaging in the food industry.展开更多
The growing focus on environmental sustainability has spurred significant interest in plant extracts as eco-friendly alternatives to conventional corrosion inhibitors.This study presents a novel approach to enhance th...The growing focus on environmental sustainability has spurred significant interest in plant extracts as eco-friendly alternatives to conventional corrosion inhibitors.This study presents a novel approach to enhance the corrosion resistance of cold-rolled steel(CRS)by utilizing a combination of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate(SDBS)and Camellia oleifera fruit shell extract(CFSE).The inhibition performance of the CFSE/SDBS complex on CRS in 0.50 M sulfamic acid(SA)solution was evaluated through weight loss methods and electrochemical methods.The results demonstrate an impressive inhibition efficiency of 93.2%with 200 mg L^(-1) CFSE and 50 mg L^(-1) SDBS at 20℃,supported by a synergism parameter(S_(θ))exceeding 1.CFSE,SDBS,and the CFSE/SDBS complex act as mixed-type inhibitors,primarily influencing the cathodic reaction.Surface analyses conducted using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry(ToF-SIMS)confirm that the active components in CFSE and SDBS can adsorb onto CRS surfaces,creating a robust protective film.Quantum chemical(QC)calculations identify reactive sites in morin(MR),DL-methionine(DL-Met),and lysine(Lys),highlighting heteroatoms and conjugated double bonds as key contributors.Molecular dynamic(MD)simulations reveal that these compounds form an impermeable film on Fe(001)surfaces,effectively reducing the migration rate of corrosive ions(NH_(2)SO_(3)^(-),H_(3)O^(+)).This research challenges conventional compounding methods and offers innovative insights into the development of eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors derived from plant extracts.展开更多
People living long-term in areas with UV will cause premature photoaging.An abnormal reduction in autophagy is a key feature of photoaging,and p38 MAPK has been regarded as a key regulator of autophagy.Isothiocyanate ...People living long-term in areas with UV will cause premature photoaging.An abnormal reduction in autophagy is a key feature of photoaging,and p38 MAPK has been regarded as a key regulator of autophagy.Isothiocyanate is one of the main active components of Moringa oleifera Lam.seeds.Studies have reported that M.oleifera Lam.seeds iso thiocyanate(MITC)has anticancer,anti-inflammatory,cardio metabolic repair,nervous system protection,blood lipid regulation and diabetes prevention properties.However,the molecular mechanisms of MITC with protective effects against skin photoaging have not been studied thus far.In this study,we aimed to evaluate the antiphotoaging activity of MITC and to investigate the effect of p38 MAPK-dependent autophagy in vivo and in vitro models of photoaging.In this research we found that MITC can reverse the intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)content and inhibit the activation of p38 MAPK to improve the autophagy level,reduce the expression of matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs),and finally protect against photoaging by UV.Our results will uncover the molecular mechanisms of MITC that play a role in the protective effects against skin photoaging,provide helpful information for developing MITC as an anti-photoaging plant material and improve the utilization of M.oleifera Lam.seeds.展开更多
This paper studied the effects of liquid-solid ratio, temperature, time and pH value on the extraction rate of tea saponin from the cake of Camellia oleifera seeds by using single factor experiment with the cake of Ca...This paper studied the effects of liquid-solid ratio, temperature, time and pH value on the extraction rate of tea saponin from the cake of Camellia oleifera seeds by using single factor experiment with the cake of Camellia oleifera seeds as the raw materials, and water as the extraction solvent, and orthogonal test was used to determine the optimal extraction process conditions. The results showed that the extraction ratio of tea saponin could reach up to 95.50% when the liquidsolid ratio was 11：1, extracting temperature of 80 ℃, extraction time of 6 h, and pH value of 9.展开更多
The C.oleifera oil processing industry generates large amounts of solid wastes,including C.oleifera shell(COS)and C.oleifera cake(COC).Distinct from generally acknowledged lignocellulosic biomass(corn stover,bamboo,bi...The C.oleifera oil processing industry generates large amounts of solid wastes,including C.oleifera shell(COS)and C.oleifera cake(COC).Distinct from generally acknowledged lignocellulosic biomass(corn stover,bamboo,birch,etc.),Camellia wastes contain diverse bioactive substances in addition to the abundant lignocellulosic components,and thus,the biorefinery utilization of C.oleifera processing byproducts involves complicated processing technologies.This reviewfirst summarizes various technologies for extracting and converting the main components in C.oleifera oil processing byproducts into value-added chemicals and biobased materials,as well as their potential applications.Microwave,ultrasound,and Soxhlet extractions are compared for the extraction of functional bioactive components(tannin,flavonoid,saponin,etc.),while solvothermal conversion and pyrolysis are discussed for the conversion of lignocellulosic components into value-added chemicals.The application areas of these chemicals according to their properties are introduced in detail,including utilizing antioxidant and anti-in-flammatory properties of the bioactive substances for the specific application,as well as drop-in chemicals for the substitution of unrenewable fossil fuel-derived products.In addition to chemical production,biochar fabricated from COS and its applications in thefields of adsorption,supercapacitor,soil remediation and wood composites are comprehensively reviewed and discussed.Finally,based on the compositions and structural characteristics of C.oleifera byproducts,the development of full-component valorization strategies and the expansion of the appli-cationfields are proposed.展开更多
[Objective] The paper was to preliminarily investigate the low yield reason of Camellia oleifera caused by fruit and flower dropping in Dehong prefecture. [Method]Pollen viability of C. oleifera was determined using I...[Objective] The paper was to preliminarily investigate the low yield reason of Camellia oleifera caused by fruit and flower dropping in Dehong prefecture. [Method]Pollen viability of C. oleifera was determined using I-KI and TTC （2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride） method, the germination rate of pollen was determined by in vitro culture method, the pollen tube growth was observed by the fluorescent microscope through aniline blue dyeing, and the effects of different pollination methods on fruit setting rate of C. oleifera was analyzed. [Results] The pollen viability and the quantity of pollen tube of C. oleifera with good fruiting were significantly higher than the plants with poor fruiting, but their pollen germination rate had no significant differences; cross pollination was conducive to fruiting setting of C. oleifera. [Conclusion] The growth and development condition of C. oleifera pollen had important effect on the yield of C. oleifera in Dehong prefecture.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the optimal component of culti- vation medium for container seedling raising of Camellia oleifera. [Method] In the application of container nursery technology of Camellia ol...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the optimal component of culti- vation medium for container seedling raising of Camellia oleifera. [Method] In the application of container nursery technology of Camellia oleifera grafting in emergent stocks, yellow clay soil, surface soil of pine forest, decomposed edible fungus, peat soil, dung and dirt were mixed by different proportions into five formulae as nursery substrates, with garden soil as the control, in order to investigate the influences of various substrates on the growth of annual Camellia oleifera container seedlings by using randomized block design based on variance analysis and multiple comparisons, and to screen the optimal substrate formula for container nursery of Camellia oleifera. [Result] The influences of different substrates on the transplanting survival rate, seedling height, basal diameter, height-diameter ratio and lateral root length of Camellia oleifera container seedlings were significantly different. Various growth indi- cators of Camellia oleifera container seedlings cultivated in the substrate containing 40% of yellow clay soil ＋ 15% of surface soil of pine forest ＋ 20% of decomposed edible fungus ＋ 20% of peat soil ＋ 5% of dung and dirt exceeded that of the control and other substrate formulae, which could be used as the optimal substrate formula for the container nursery of Camellia oleifera. [Conclusion] This study screened the optimal substrate formula for the container nursery of Camellia oleifera, which provided technical reference for the cultivation of Camellia oleifera container seedlings.展开更多
Based on selecting MS minimal medium, through changing the concentrations and additive amounts of two plant growth regulators of NAA and BA, the redifferentiation experiments of plant morphology on callus and embryos ...Based on selecting MS minimal medium, through changing the concentrations and additive amounts of two plant growth regulators of NAA and BA, the redifferentiation experiments of plant morphology on callus and embryos cell which got after the dedifferentiation of ＂Xianglin No.1＂ Camellia oleifera Abel. were carried out.The experimental results showed that callus lines with white, yellowish white or oyster colors, obvious uneven surface and loose texture were inoculated on the medium of MS ＋NAA（0.3 mg/L） ＋BA（2.0 mg/L） ＋saccharose（30 g/L） ＋agar（7 g/L）for 30 d,then multiple shoots were differentiated from the white protuberant part, moreover,the growth vigor was good. If inoculating using regeneration buds of C. oleifera, its multiplication coefficient was 6.50.展开更多
In this study,as the plasticizer,Camellia oleifera seed-oil-based cyclohexyl ester(COSOCE)was prepared by the reaction of cyclohexene oxide and refined C.oleifera seed oil(RCOSO)obtained by acidification hydrolysis af...In this study,as the plasticizer,Camellia oleifera seed-oil-based cyclohexyl ester(COSOCE)was prepared by the reaction of cyclohexene oxide and refined C.oleifera seed oil(RCOSO)obtained by acidification hydrolysis after saponification.In addition,the structure of the target product was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy,and Raman spectroscopy.COSOCE was used as plasticizer-modified polyvinyl chloride(PVC)membranes.The structure of the COSOCE-modified PVC membranes were characterized by Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The properties of the COSOCE-modified PVC membrane were characterized by contact angle measurements,universal testing machine,thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).The results revealed that(1)The COSOCE-modified PVC membranes exhibit a good microscopic morphology.Combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS)and contact angle measurement results,the COSOCE-modified PVC membranes are confirmed to be a hydrophilic material.(2)The modified PVC membrane with 60%COSOCE exhibited the best mechanical properties.The tensile strength reached 23.56±2.94 MPa.(3)COSOCE-modified PVC material exhibited better thermal stability,with a loss rate of less than 75%at the end of the first decomposition stage.Compared with that of the dioctyl-phthalate(DOP)-modified PVC membrane,the initial decomposition temperature of PVC was increased by 1.17°C–8.17°C,and the residual rate was increased by 0.67%–5.75%.The carbon–carbon double bond in the COSOCE molecular structure can remove the free radicals generated during the degradation of PVC material and slow down the decomposition rate of PVC.In addition,the double bond can be cross-linked partially with the PVC molecular chain containing the conjugated polyene structure,thereby increasing the movement resistance of the PVC molecular chain segment.Hence,COSOCE can replace DOP as a PVC plasticizer.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the larvicidal and pupicidal potential of the methanolic extracts from Moringa oleifera(M.oleifera) plant seeds against malarial vector Anopheles stephensi(A.stephensi) mosquitoes at different co...Objective:To evaluate the larvicidal and pupicidal potential of the methanolic extracts from Moringa oleifera(M.oleifera) plant seeds against malarial vector Anopheles stephensi(A.stephensi) mosquitoes at different concentrations(20,40,60,80 and 100 ppm).Methods:M.oleifera was collected from the area of around Bharathiar University,Coimbatore.The dried plant materials were powdered by an electrical blender.From each sample,100 g of the plant material were extracted with 300 mL of methanol for 8 h in a Soxhlet apparatus.The extracts were evaporated to dryness in rotary vacuum evaporator to yield 122 mg and 110 mg of dark greenish material(residue) from Arcang amara and Ocimum basilicum,respectively.One gram of the each plant residue was dissolved separately in 100 mL of acetone(stock solution) from which different concentrations, i.e.,20,40,60,80 and 100 ppm were prepared.Results:Larvicidal activity of M.oleifera exhibited in the first to fourth instar larvae of the A.stephensi,and the LC_(50) and LC_(90) values were 57.79 ppm and 125.93 ppm for the first instar,63.90 ppm and 133.07 ppm for the second inslar,72.45 ppm and 139.82 ppm for the third instar,78.93 ppm and 143.20 ppm for the fourth instar,respectively. During the pupal stage the methanolic extract of M.oleifera showed that the LC_(50),and LC_(90) values were 67.77 ppm and 141.00 ppm,respectively.Conclusions:The present study indicates that the phytochemicals derived from M.oleifera seeds extracts are effective mosquito vector control agents and the plant extracts may be used for further integrated pest management programs.展开更多
文摘Moringa oleifera(MO)is traditionally used to mitigate inflammatory-mediated disorders;however,the influence of ecotypic variation on its anti-inflammatory activity remains poorly understood.In this study,we compared the phytochemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extracts obtained from fresh and dried leaves of four MO ecotypes(India,Paraguay,Mozambique,and Pakistan),all grown under the same outdoor conditions,as well as two commercial powders(Just Moringa and WISSA),using LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages.Extracts from fresh leaves were 19-43%more cytotoxic than those from dried leaves,depending on the ecotype,likely due to higher cyanogenic glycoside content.Extracts from the India and Paraguay ecotypes,characterized by high levels of quercetin derivatives and caffeic acids,as well as Just Moringa,enriched in kaempferol derivatives,significantly inhibited LPS-induced nitric oxide(NO)production(p<0.05).Just Moringa and Paraguay extracts also reduced iNOS gene expression(p<0.05 and p<0.01,respectively),whereas only the Paraguay extract decreased iNOS protein levels(p<0.05).In contrast,quercetin-3-O-glucoside and rutin showed significant effects only at concentrations approximately 100-fold higher than those present in the extracts,indicating that the phytocomplex displays greater bioactivity than individual compounds.Overall,these results demonstrate that ecotypic variation strongly affects the polyphenolic composition and anti-inflammatory properties of MO leaves,highlighting the importance of reporting both origin and phytochemical composition in MO-based products.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071798)5·5 Engineering Research&Innovation Team Project of Beijing Forestry University,China(BLRC2023B08)。
文摘Sucrose transporters(SUTs)play a crucial role in carbon allocation from the source leaf to the sink end,and the function of SUTs varies among family members.However,the genome-wide identifcation of the SUT superfamily in Camellia oleifera is lacking,and their biological function remains elusive.In this study,four SUT genes-designated Co SUT1-4-were identifed in C.oleifera through a genome-wide analysis and classifed into three subfamilies.We used a combination of cis-acting elements analysis,mRNA quantifcation,histochemical analysis,and heterologous transformation to evaluate the expression profiles and functions of these SUTs.A key finding is that CoSUT4,localized on the plasma membrane,is highly expressed in mature leaves and the early stage of seed development in C.oleifera.In vitro culture of C.oleifera seed revealed the responsiveness of CoSUT4 to various exogenous hormones such as ABA and GA.CoSUT4 was able to restore the growth of the yeast strain SUSY7/ura3(a sucrose transport-defcient mutant)on sucrose-containing media and specifcally contributed to sucrose translocation and tissue growth in CoSUT4-overexpressed apple calli.In situ hybridization identifed chalazal nucellus and transfer cells as the action sites of CoSUT4 at the maternal-flial interface mediating sucrose transportation in oil tea seeds.CoSUT4 overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana atsuc4 mutant restored the growth and seed yield defciencies of the mutant,leading to an increase in flled seeds and oil content.Additionally,CoSUT4 overexpression enhanced the drought and salt stress tolerance by augmenting sugar content.Overall,these fndings provide valuable insights into the function of SUTs and present promising candidates for the genetic enhancement of seed production in C.oleifera.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.32270238 and 31870311).
文摘Subtropical evergreen broad-leaved trees are usually vulnerable to freezing stress,while hexaploid wild Camellia oleifera shows strong freezing tolerance.As a valuable genetic resource of woody oil crop C.oleifera,wild C.oleifera can serve as a case for studying the molecular bases of adaptive evolution to freezing stress.Here,47 wild C.oleifera from 11 natural distribution sites in China and 4 relative species of C.oleifera were selected for genome sequencing.“Min Temperature of Coldest Month”(BIO6)had the highest comprehensive contribution to wild C.oleifera distribution.The population genetic structure of wild C.oleifera could be divided into two groups:in cold winter(BIO6≤0℃)and warm winter(BIO6>0℃)areas.Wild C.oleifera in cold winter areas might have experienced stronger selection pressures and population bottlenecks with lower N_(e) than those in warm winter areas.155 singlenucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)were significantly correlated with the key bioclimatic variables(106 SNPs significantly correlated with BIO6).Twenty key SNPs and 15 key copy number variation regions(CNVRs)were found with genotype differentiation>50%between the two groups of wild C.oleifera.Key SNPs in cis-regulatory elements might affect the expression of key genes associated with freezing tolerance,and they were also found within a CNVR suggesting interactions between them.Some key CNVRs in the exon regions were closely related to the differentially expressed genes under freezing stress.The findings suggest that rich SNPs and CNVRs in polyploid trees may contribute to the adaptive evolution to freezing stress.
基金supported by the Basic Research Project of Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department(202201AT070262)the Project of Yunnan Province Food and Drug Homologous Resources Functional Food Innovation Team(A3032023057)+1 种基金the Yunnan Province Ten Thousand Plan Industrial Technology Talents Project(YNWR-CYJS-2020-010)the Yunnan Province-City Integration Project(202302 AN360002).
文摘Obesity has brought great challenges to global human health,and how to effectively prevent and control the occurrence and development of obesity has become an urgent problem.The role and mechanism of 4-[(α-Lrhamnosyloxy)benzyl]isothiocyanate(MITC),an active ingredient of Moringa oleifera Lam.,in the regulation of lipid metabolism have not been comprehensively investigated.In the present study,we investigated the mechanism of MITC in inhibiting lipid accumulation in mice fed with a high-fat diet(HFD)in terms of both lipolysis and central appetite regulation mediated by the gut microbe-gut-brain axis.MITC enhanced the characteristic indices associated with HFD mice and also promoted adipocytolysis and brown fat thermogenesis.Moreover,MITC was observed to improve leptin resistance,modulate the composition of gut microbiota such as Ruminococcaceae,Parasutterella,and Acetatifactor,promote 5-hydroxytryptamine secretion,further enhance the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)and peptide tyrosine-tyrosine(PYY)to activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR)signaling in the hypothalamus,and modulate feeding behavior to inhibit lipid accumulation in HFD mice.These data suggest that MITC supplementation can help to alleviate obesity or obesity-related diseases.
文摘Moringa oleifera have laxative effects,but their active compositions and mechanisms are not very clear thus far.To this end,we systematically explored the active components and mechanism of M.oleifera leaves in relieving constipation by using the slow transit constipation(STC)mouse model and network pharmacology.The results of animal experiments showed that M.oleifera aqueous extract(MOA)had good laxative activity,and its 70%alcohol soluble part(ASP)also showed significant laxative activity(P<0.01).Network pharmacological prediction results suggested that L-phenylalanine(Phe)was the key compound of ASP,and it might relieve constipation through tachykinin receptor 1(TACR1)and three kinds of adrenergic receptors,includingα_(1A)(ADRA1A),α_(2A)(ADRA2A),andα_(2B)(ADRA2B).Further animal experiment results showed that Phe significantly promoted gastrointestinal motility.Phe may relieve STC by enhancing the release of substance P(SP)and upregulating the m RNA expression of TACR1 in the ileum.Importantly,Phe may also promote intestinal movement by downregulating the m RNA expression of ADRA2A and ADRA2B and upregulating the m RNA expression of Calm and the m RNA and protein expression of myosin light chain 9 in the ileum,thereby activating the G protein-coupled receptor-myosin light chain signaling pathway.These results lay a foundation for the application of M.oleifera and Phe in constipation.
基金supported by Major Project of Science and Technology Department of Yunnan Province(202002AA100005,202102AE090027-2)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82260703)+1 种基金Cassava Industrial Technology System of China(CARS11-YNTY)Yunnan Province Ten Thousand Plan Industrial Technology Talents Project(YNWR-CYJS-2020-010)。
文摘Moringa oleifera Lam.is a Moringa genus in the Moringaceae family that is high in nutrients and has a wide range of applications.Phenolic compounds are widely found in plants and have various health benefits for the human body.With its high content and wide variety of phenolic compounds,M.oleifera Lam.has been widely studied for its health benefits.The phenolic compounds in M.oleifera Lam.(MOPCs)can be a potential source of functional food ingredients in pharmaceutical and industrial applications.Numerous studies have shown that MOPCs have antioxidant,anti-obesity,anti-diabetic,and antibacterial effects.Although the research on MOPCs has been gradually increasing,the extraction,isolation,identification,biological activities,and comprehensive application of MOPCs need a more systematic summary and generalization.Therefore,this paper reviews the isolation and extraction methods,structure identification,biological activities,and comprehensive applications to provide a further reference for the research and application of MOPCs.
基金supported the Key Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province (2023B0202070002)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of the Chinese academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS-ASTIP-2021-OCRI)+1 种基金Earmarked Fund for Agriculture Research System of China (CARS-14)the Innovation Group Project of Hubei Province (2023AFA042)。
文摘Camellia oleifera cake(COC), a nutrient-rich by-product of tea oil extraction, holds promise as a high-quality protein source but is limited in feed applications due to anti-nutritional factors, mainly tea saponins and crude fiber. This study employed solid-state fermentation using a compound microbial agent combined with cellulase to enhance COC's palatability and nutritional value. Single-strain fermentation identified Lactiplantibacillus plantarum as most effective in degrading tea saponins(46.0%) without reducing crude fiber. Optimal conditions were 0.1% inoculum, 48 h at 37 ℃, with 20% sugar. For cellulase hydrolysis, the best parameters were: 50 U/g enzyme, 50 ℃, 8 h, using 40-mesh sieved substrate. Combined fermentation began with enzymatic treatment followed by inoculation with a 1: 1: 1: 1: 1: 1 mixture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae(two strains), Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus coagulans, and Lactobacillus acidophilus. The optimized conditions(0.1% inoculum, 7 days, 37 ℃, 20% sugar, 50% moisture) significantly reduced anti-nutritional components and improved protein content, indicating the potential of fermented COC as a viable feed ingredient.
文摘Camellia oleifera is one of the four largest oil tree species in the world,and also an important economic crop in China,which has overwhelming economic benefits.However,Camellia oleifera is invaded by various diseases during its growth process,which leads to yield reduction and profit damage.To address this problem and ensure the healthy growth of Camellia oleifera,the purpose of this study is to apply the lightweight network to the identification and detection of camellia oleifolia leaf disease.The attention mechanism was combined for highlighting the local features and improve the attention of the model to the key areas of Camellia oleifera disease images.To prove the recognition of the optimized network on Camellia oleifera leaf disease,we tested the network performance of the optimized model with other object detection algorithms such as YOLOV5s,SSD,Faster-RCNN,YOLOv8,and YOLOv10.The results show that the mAP,recall,and accuracy of the trained network achieved 82.9%,75.7% and 80.6%,respectively.The optimized YOLO-Lite model has the advantages of small size and few parameters while ensuring high accuracy,thus it has a satisfactory effect on leaf disease identification of Camellia oleifera.
基金the University of Cartagena for funding through the Strengthening Project Acta 048-2023.
文摘The extensive use of polymeric materials in single-use packaging has driven the need to develop biodegradable alternatives.This study investigates the incorporation of graphene oxide(GO)and Moringa oleifera seed oil(MOSO)into a gelatin matrix to create polymer films and evaluate their potential as active packaging materials.The properties of these films were evaluated using structural,thermal,mechanical,optical,and physicochemical methods to determine their suitability for food packaging applications.The results showed that GO and MOSO were homogeneously dispersed in the gelatin matrix,forming colloidal particles(around 5μm in diameter).The addition of GO increased opacity by approximately 20 times the base value while MOSO affected light transmittance without impacting opacity.Mechanical properties were affected differently,GO acted as a crosslinking agent reducing elongation and increasing tensile strength at break,on the other hand MOSO acted as a plasticizer,making films more plastic increasing elongation a 30%.These effects counteracted each other,and similar behavior was recorded in differential scanning calorimetry.The films exhibited an improved water vapor resistance,which is crucial for food packaging.These findings indicate that the incorporation of GO and MOSO into a gelatin matrix may produce biodegradable polymer films with enhanced properties,suitable for active packaging in the food industry.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52161016)the Joint Key Project of Agricultural Fundamental Research in Yunnan Provincial(No.202101BD070001-017)+2 种基金the Yunnan Provincial Academician Workstation(No.202305AF150009)the Yunnan Province Natural Science Key Foundation(No.202201AS070152)the Special Project of"Leading Talents of Industrial Technology"of Yunnan Ten Thousand Talents Plan(No.80201408).
文摘The growing focus on environmental sustainability has spurred significant interest in plant extracts as eco-friendly alternatives to conventional corrosion inhibitors.This study presents a novel approach to enhance the corrosion resistance of cold-rolled steel(CRS)by utilizing a combination of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate(SDBS)and Camellia oleifera fruit shell extract(CFSE).The inhibition performance of the CFSE/SDBS complex on CRS in 0.50 M sulfamic acid(SA)solution was evaluated through weight loss methods and electrochemical methods.The results demonstrate an impressive inhibition efficiency of 93.2%with 200 mg L^(-1) CFSE and 50 mg L^(-1) SDBS at 20℃,supported by a synergism parameter(S_(θ))exceeding 1.CFSE,SDBS,and the CFSE/SDBS complex act as mixed-type inhibitors,primarily influencing the cathodic reaction.Surface analyses conducted using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry(ToF-SIMS)confirm that the active components in CFSE and SDBS can adsorb onto CRS surfaces,creating a robust protective film.Quantum chemical(QC)calculations identify reactive sites in morin(MR),DL-methionine(DL-Met),and lysine(Lys),highlighting heteroatoms and conjugated double bonds as key contributors.Molecular dynamic(MD)simulations reveal that these compounds form an impermeable film on Fe(001)surfaces,effectively reducing the migration rate of corrosive ions(NH_(2)SO_(3)^(-),H_(3)O^(+)).This research challenges conventional compounding methods and offers innovative insights into the development of eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors derived from plant extracts.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(82260703)。
文摘People living long-term in areas with UV will cause premature photoaging.An abnormal reduction in autophagy is a key feature of photoaging,and p38 MAPK has been regarded as a key regulator of autophagy.Isothiocyanate is one of the main active components of Moringa oleifera Lam.seeds.Studies have reported that M.oleifera Lam.seeds iso thiocyanate(MITC)has anticancer,anti-inflammatory,cardio metabolic repair,nervous system protection,blood lipid regulation and diabetes prevention properties.However,the molecular mechanisms of MITC with protective effects against skin photoaging have not been studied thus far.In this study,we aimed to evaluate the antiphotoaging activity of MITC and to investigate the effect of p38 MAPK-dependent autophagy in vivo and in vitro models of photoaging.In this research we found that MITC can reverse the intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)content and inhibit the activation of p38 MAPK to improve the autophagy level,reduce the expression of matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs),and finally protect against photoaging by UV.Our results will uncover the molecular mechanisms of MITC that play a role in the protective effects against skin photoaging,provide helpful information for developing MITC as an anti-photoaging plant material and improve the utilization of M.oleifera Lam.seeds.
文摘This paper studied the effects of liquid-solid ratio, temperature, time and pH value on the extraction rate of tea saponin from the cake of Camellia oleifera seeds by using single factor experiment with the cake of Camellia oleifera seeds as the raw materials, and water as the extraction solvent, and orthogonal test was used to determine the optimal extraction process conditions. The results showed that the extraction ratio of tea saponin could reach up to 95.50% when the liquidsolid ratio was 11：1, extracting temperature of 80 ℃, extraction time of 6 h, and pH value of 9.
基金The authors acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32201509)Hunan Science and Technology Xiaohe Talent Support Project(2022 TJ-XH 013)+6 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2022RC1156,2021RC2100)State Key Laboratory of Woody Oil Resource Utilization Common Key Technology Innovation for the Green Transformation of Woody Oil(XLKY202205)State Key Laboratory of Woody Oil Resource Utilization Project(2019XK2002)Key Research and Development Program of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration(GLM[2021]95)Hunan Forestry Outstanding Youth Project(XLK202108-1)Changsha Science and Technology Project(kq2202325,kq2107022)Science and Technology Innovation Leading Talent of Hunan Province(2020RC4026).
文摘The C.oleifera oil processing industry generates large amounts of solid wastes,including C.oleifera shell(COS)and C.oleifera cake(COC).Distinct from generally acknowledged lignocellulosic biomass(corn stover,bamboo,birch,etc.),Camellia wastes contain diverse bioactive substances in addition to the abundant lignocellulosic components,and thus,the biorefinery utilization of C.oleifera processing byproducts involves complicated processing technologies.This reviewfirst summarizes various technologies for extracting and converting the main components in C.oleifera oil processing byproducts into value-added chemicals and biobased materials,as well as their potential applications.Microwave,ultrasound,and Soxhlet extractions are compared for the extraction of functional bioactive components(tannin,flavonoid,saponin,etc.),while solvothermal conversion and pyrolysis are discussed for the conversion of lignocellulosic components into value-added chemicals.The application areas of these chemicals according to their properties are introduced in detail,including utilizing antioxidant and anti-in-flammatory properties of the bioactive substances for the specific application,as well as drop-in chemicals for the substitution of unrenewable fossil fuel-derived products.In addition to chemical production,biochar fabricated from COS and its applications in thefields of adsorption,supercapacitor,soil remediation and wood composites are comprehensively reviewed and discussed.Finally,based on the compositions and structural characteristics of C.oleifera byproducts,the development of full-component valorization strategies and the expansion of the appli-cationfields are proposed.
基金Supported by National Key Technology Support Program"Integration and Demonstration of Camellia oleifera High Yield Cultivation Technology of Southwest High Mountain"(2009BADB1B08)Key New Product Development Projects of Yunnan Province"Breeding of Good Varieties of Camellia oleifera"(2009BB004)~~
文摘[Objective] The paper was to preliminarily investigate the low yield reason of Camellia oleifera caused by fruit and flower dropping in Dehong prefecture. [Method]Pollen viability of C. oleifera was determined using I-KI and TTC （2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride） method, the germination rate of pollen was determined by in vitro culture method, the pollen tube growth was observed by the fluorescent microscope through aniline blue dyeing, and the effects of different pollination methods on fruit setting rate of C. oleifera was analyzed. [Results] The pollen viability and the quantity of pollen tube of C. oleifera with good fruiting were significantly higher than the plants with poor fruiting, but their pollen germination rate had no significant differences; cross pollination was conducive to fruiting setting of C. oleifera. [Conclusion] The growth and development condition of C. oleifera pollen had important effect on the yield of C. oleifera in Dehong prefecture.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2012FFC03101)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the optimal component of culti- vation medium for container seedling raising of Camellia oleifera. [Method] In the application of container nursery technology of Camellia oleifera grafting in emergent stocks, yellow clay soil, surface soil of pine forest, decomposed edible fungus, peat soil, dung and dirt were mixed by different proportions into five formulae as nursery substrates, with garden soil as the control, in order to investigate the influences of various substrates on the growth of annual Camellia oleifera container seedlings by using randomized block design based on variance analysis and multiple comparisons, and to screen the optimal substrate formula for container nursery of Camellia oleifera. [Result] The influences of different substrates on the transplanting survival rate, seedling height, basal diameter, height-diameter ratio and lateral root length of Camellia oleifera container seedlings were significantly different. Various growth indi- cators of Camellia oleifera container seedlings cultivated in the substrate containing 40% of yellow clay soil ＋ 15% of surface soil of pine forest ＋ 20% of decomposed edible fungus ＋ 20% of peat soil ＋ 5% of dung and dirt exceeded that of the control and other substrate formulae, which could be used as the optimal substrate formula for the container nursery of Camellia oleifera. [Conclusion] This study screened the optimal substrate formula for the container nursery of Camellia oleifera, which provided technical reference for the cultivation of Camellia oleifera container seedlings.
基金Supported by China Hunan Provincial Science&Technology Department(2012NK3118)~~
文摘Based on selecting MS minimal medium, through changing the concentrations and additive amounts of two plant growth regulators of NAA and BA, the redifferentiation experiments of plant morphology on callus and embryos cell which got after the dedifferentiation of ＂Xianglin No.1＂ Camellia oleifera Abel. were carried out.The experimental results showed that callus lines with white, yellowish white or oyster colors, obvious uneven surface and loose texture were inoculated on the medium of MS ＋NAA（0.3 mg/L） ＋BA（2.0 mg/L） ＋saccharose（30 g/L） ＋agar（7 g/L）for 30 d,then multiple shoots were differentiated from the white protuberant part, moreover,the growth vigor was good. If inoculating using regeneration buds of C. oleifera, its multiplication coefficient was 6.50.
基金Funding Statement:The authors express their gratitude for the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101475)the Yuemu Technology Plan Project(YMKJ202201).
文摘In this study,as the plasticizer,Camellia oleifera seed-oil-based cyclohexyl ester(COSOCE)was prepared by the reaction of cyclohexene oxide and refined C.oleifera seed oil(RCOSO)obtained by acidification hydrolysis after saponification.In addition,the structure of the target product was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy,and Raman spectroscopy.COSOCE was used as plasticizer-modified polyvinyl chloride(PVC)membranes.The structure of the COSOCE-modified PVC membranes were characterized by Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The properties of the COSOCE-modified PVC membrane were characterized by contact angle measurements,universal testing machine,thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).The results revealed that(1)The COSOCE-modified PVC membranes exhibit a good microscopic morphology.Combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS)and contact angle measurement results,the COSOCE-modified PVC membranes are confirmed to be a hydrophilic material.(2)The modified PVC membrane with 60%COSOCE exhibited the best mechanical properties.The tensile strength reached 23.56±2.94 MPa.(3)COSOCE-modified PVC material exhibited better thermal stability,with a loss rate of less than 75%at the end of the first decomposition stage.Compared with that of the dioctyl-phthalate(DOP)-modified PVC membrane,the initial decomposition temperature of PVC was increased by 1.17°C–8.17°C,and the residual rate was increased by 0.67%–5.75%.The carbon–carbon double bond in the COSOCE molecular structure can remove the free radicals generated during the degradation of PVC material and slow down the decomposition rate of PVC.In addition,the double bond can be cross-linked partially with the PVC molecular chain containing the conjugated polyene structure,thereby increasing the movement resistance of the PVC molecular chain segment.Hence,COSOCE can replace DOP as a PVC plasticizer.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the larvicidal and pupicidal potential of the methanolic extracts from Moringa oleifera(M.oleifera) plant seeds against malarial vector Anopheles stephensi(A.stephensi) mosquitoes at different concentrations(20,40,60,80 and 100 ppm).Methods:M.oleifera was collected from the area of around Bharathiar University,Coimbatore.The dried plant materials were powdered by an electrical blender.From each sample,100 g of the plant material were extracted with 300 mL of methanol for 8 h in a Soxhlet apparatus.The extracts were evaporated to dryness in rotary vacuum evaporator to yield 122 mg and 110 mg of dark greenish material(residue) from Arcang amara and Ocimum basilicum,respectively.One gram of the each plant residue was dissolved separately in 100 mL of acetone(stock solution) from which different concentrations, i.e.,20,40,60,80 and 100 ppm were prepared.Results:Larvicidal activity of M.oleifera exhibited in the first to fourth instar larvae of the A.stephensi,and the LC_(50) and LC_(90) values were 57.79 ppm and 125.93 ppm for the first instar,63.90 ppm and 133.07 ppm for the second inslar,72.45 ppm and 139.82 ppm for the third instar,78.93 ppm and 143.20 ppm for the fourth instar,respectively. During the pupal stage the methanolic extract of M.oleifera showed that the LC_(50),and LC_(90) values were 67.77 ppm and 141.00 ppm,respectively.Conclusions:The present study indicates that the phytochemicals derived from M.oleifera seeds extracts are effective mosquito vector control agents and the plant extracts may be used for further integrated pest management programs.
