This study examines the methods to plan the development of offshore oilfields over the years,which are used to support the decision-making on the development of offshore oilfields.About 100 papers are analysed and cat...This study examines the methods to plan the development of offshore oilfields over the years,which are used to support the decision-making on the development of offshore oilfields.About 100 papers are analysed and categorised into different groups of main early-stage decisions.The present study stands in contrast to the contributions of the operations research and system engineering review articles,on the one hand,and the petroleum engineering review articles,on the other.This is because it does not focus on one methodological approach,nor does it limit the literature analysis by offshore oilfield characteristics.Consequently,the present analysis may offer valuable insights,for instance,by identifying environmental planning decisions as a recent yet highly significant concern that is currently being imposed on decision-making process.Thus,it is evident that the incorporation of safety criteria within the technical-economic decision-making process for the design of production systems would be a crucial requirement at development phase.展开更多
A flexible sidetracking stimulation technology of horizontal wells is formed to develop the lateral deep remaining oil and gas resources of the low-permeability mature oilfields.This technology first uses the flexible...A flexible sidetracking stimulation technology of horizontal wells is formed to develop the lateral deep remaining oil and gas resources of the low-permeability mature oilfields.This technology first uses the flexible sidetracking tool to achieve low-cost sidetracking in the old wellbore,and then uses the hydraulic jet technology to induce multiple fractures to fracture.Finally,the bullhead fracturing of multi-cluster temporary plugging for the sidetracking hole is carried out by running the tubing string,to realize the efficient development of the remaining reserves among the wells.The flexible sidetracking stimulation technology involves flexible sidetracking horizontal wells drilling and sidetracking horizontal well fracturing.The flexible sidetracking horizontal well drilling includes three aspects:flexible drill pipe structure and material optimization,drilling technology,and sealed coring tool.The sidetracking horizontal well fracturing includes two aspects:fracturing scheme optimization,fracturing tools and implementation process optimization.The technology has been conducted several rounds of field tests in the Ansai Oilfield of Changqing,China.The results show that by changing well type and reducing row spacing of oil and water wells,the pressure displacement system can be well established to achieve effective pressure transmission and to achieve the purpose of increasing liquid production in low-yield and low-efficiency wells.It is verified that the flexible sidetracking stimulation technology can provide favorable support for accurately developing remaining reserves in low-permeability reservoirs.展开更多
With the depletion of shallow and mid-depth oil and gas resources,exploration and development have increasingly shifted toward deep and ultra-deep reservoirs.However,high bottom-hole temperatures and pressures,along w...With the depletion of shallow and mid-depth oil and gas resources,exploration and development have increasingly shifted toward deep and ultra-deep reservoirs.However,high bottom-hole temperatures and pressures,along with complex geological conditions,pose significant challenges.Additionally,growing environmental regulations restrict the use of conventional petroleum-derived chemicals such as polyacrylamide,sulfonic acid resins,and sulfonic acid asphalt.In recent years,lignin has demonstrated significant potential in petroleum exploration and development due to their sustainability,biodegradability,and excellent thermal,chemical,mechanical,and rheological properties.This article reviews the structure,classification,preparation,and modification methods of lignin,followed by a systematic discussion of its applications in oilfield operations.In drilling fluids,lignin and its derivatives serve as rheological regulators,fluid loss control agents,and shale inhibitors,contributing to enhanced cuttings transport and wellbore stability.In fracturing fluids,they function as thickeners and breaker agents,improving fracturing efficiency while protecting the reservoir.In enhanced oil recovery,ligninbased polymers act as surfactants and profile control agents,reducing interfacial tension between water and rock surfaces and increasing the effective permeability of sandstone reservoirs.Furthermore,in oilfield wastewater treatment,lignin-based materials effectively remove oil-water mixtures,heavy metal cations,and solid particles through filtration,adsorption,and flocculation.展开更多
Stratigraphic correlations are essential for the fine-scale characterization of reservoirs.However,conventional data-driven methods that rely solely on log data struggle to construct isochronous stratigraphic framewor...Stratigraphic correlations are essential for the fine-scale characterization of reservoirs.However,conventional data-driven methods that rely solely on log data struggle to construct isochronous stratigraphic frameworks for complex sedimentary environments and multi-source geological settings.In response,this study proposed an intelligent,automatic,log-seismic integrated stratigraphic correlation method that incorporates wavelet frequency-division transform(WFT)and dynamic time warping(DTW)(also referred to as the WFT-DTW method).This approach integrates seismic data as constraints into stratigraphic correlations,enabling accurate tracking of the seismic marker horizons through WFT.Under the constraints of framework construction,a DTW algorithm was introduced to correlate sublayer boundaries automatically.The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified through a stratigraphic correlation experiment on the SA0 Formation of the Xingshugang block in the Lasaxing oilfield,the Songliao Basin,China.In this block,the target layer exhibits sublayer thicknesses ranging from 5 m to 8 m,an average sandstone thickness of 2.1 m,and pronounced heterogeneity.The verification using 1760 layers in 160 post-test wells indicates that the WFT-DTW method intelligently compared sublayers in zones with underdeveloped faults and distinct marker horizons.As a result,the posterior correlation of 1682 layers was performed,with a coincidence rate of up to 95.6%.The proposed method can complement manual correlation efforts while also providing valuable technical support for the lithologic and sand body characterization of reservoirs.展开更多
The importance of organic geochemistry and basin modeling is widely recognized and used to understand the source rock potential and hydrocarbon generation history of the Mangahewa Formation,and thereby given the found...The importance of organic geochemistry and basin modeling is widely recognized and used to understand the source rock potential and hydrocarbon generation history of the Mangahewa Formation,and thereby given the foundational role in the petroleum exploration.This study utilized the total organic carbon(TOC)content and hydrogen index(HI)to investigate the dominant kerogen type and hydrogen richness for the significance of petroleum generative potential.The Mangahewa coals and carbonaceous shales exhibit an excellent source rocks,with high total organic content(TOC)of more than 22%.The coals and carbonaceous shales were also characterised by Type Ⅱ‒Ⅲ kerogen with Type Ⅲ kerogen,promising oiland gas-prones.The Mangahewa Formation reached the main oil generation,with vitrinite reflectances between 0.53%and 1.01%.Vitrinite reflectance was also used in developing themal models and reveal the transformation(TR)of 10‒50%kerogen to oil during the Late Miocene.The models also showed that the Mangahewa source rock has a significant oil generation and little expulsion competency,with a TR of up to 54%.These findings support the substantial oil-generating potential in the Taranaki Basin's southern graben and can be used as a guide when developing strategies for an oil exploration program.展开更多
In common practice in the oil fields,the injection of water and gas into reservoirs is a crucial technique to increase production.The control of the waterflooding front in oil/gas exploitation is a matter of great con...In common practice in the oil fields,the injection of water and gas into reservoirs is a crucial technique to increase production.The control of the waterflooding front in oil/gas exploitation is a matter of great concern to reservoir engineers.Monitoring the waterflooding front in oil/gas wells plays a very important role in adjusting the well network and later in production,taking advantage of the remaining oil po-tential and ultimately achieving great success in improving the recovery rate.For a long time,micro-seismic monitoring,numerical simulation,four-dimensional seismic and other methods have been widely used in waterflooding front monitoring.However,reconciling their reliability and cost poses a significant challenge.In order to achieve real-time,reliable and cost-effective monitoring,we propose an innovative method for waterflooding front monitoring through the similarity analysis of passive source time-lapse seismic images.Typically,passive source seismic data collected from oil fields have extremely low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR),which poses a serious problem for obtaining structural images.The proposed method aims to visualize and analyze underground changes by highlighting time-lapse images and provide a strategy for underground monitoring using long-term passive source data under low SNR conditions.First,we verify the feasibility of the proposed method by designing a theoretical model.Then,we conduct an analysis of the correlation coefficient(similarity)on the passive source time-lapse seismic imaging results to enhance the image differences and identify the simulated waterflooding fronts.Finally,the proposed method is applied to the actual waterflooding front monitoring tasks in Shengli Oilfield,China.The research findings indicate that the monitoring results are consistent with the actual devel-opment conditions,which in turn demonstrates that the proposed method has great potential for practical application and is very suitable for monitoring common development tasks in oil fields.展开更多
The carbon emissions and cost during the construction phase are significant contributors to the oilfield lifecycle.As oilfields enter the late stage,the adaptability of facilities decreases.To achieve sustainable deve...The carbon emissions and cost during the construction phase are significant contributors to the oilfield lifecycle.As oilfields enter the late stage,the adaptability of facilities decreases.To achieve sustainable development,oilfield reconstruction was usually conducted in discrete rather than continuous space.Motivated by economic and sustainability goals,a 3-phase heuristic model for oilfield reconstruction was developed to mine potential locations in continuous space.In phase 1,considering the process characteristics of the oil and gas gathering system,potential locations were mined in continuous space.In phase 2,incorporating comprehensive reconstruction measures,a reconstruction model was established in discrete space.In phase 3,the topology was further adjusted in continuous space.Subsequently,the model was transformed into a single-objective mixed integer linear programming model using the augmented ε-constraint method.Numerical experiments revealed that the small number of potential locations could effectively reduce the reconstruction cost,and the quality of potential locations mined in phase 1 surpassed those generated in random or grid form.Case studies showed that cost and carbon emissions for a new block were reduced by up to 10.45% and 7.21 %,respectively.These reductions were because the potential locations mined in 1P reduced the number of metering stations,and 3P adjusted the locations of metering stations in continuous space to shorten the pipeline length.For an old oilfield,the load and connection ratios of the old metering station increased to 89.7% and 94.9%,respectively,enhancing operation efficiency.Meanwhile,recycling facilitated the diversification of reconstruction measures and yielded a profit of 582,573 ¥,constituting 5.56% of the total cost.This study adopted comprehensive reconstruction measures and tapped into potential reductions in cost and carbon emissions for oilfield reconstruction,offering valuable insights for future oilfield design and construction.展开更多
“智能油田”概念自2003年提出以来,国内外油气企业开展了大量探索,但尚未建成统一定义与真正意义上的“智能油田”。文章在系统回溯油田智能化发展脉络的基础上,结合智能体“基础大语言模型基座+行业大语言模型+任务规划+外部工具调用...“智能油田”概念自2003年提出以来,国内外油气企业开展了大量探索,但尚未建成统一定义与真正意义上的“智能油田”。文章在系统回溯油田智能化发展脉络的基础上,结合智能体“基础大语言模型基座+行业大语言模型+任务规划+外部工具调用+记忆”的核心构成与运行逻辑,提出了以“全过程机器自主管控”为核心的智能油田新定义,构建涵盖感知、通信、数据、模型、智能体集群、控制执行与业务共治的七层体系架构,并提出智能油田自主等级(L1~L5)评价体系,为行业建立可量化的技术标尺。明确了智能油田的建设本质是“钻完井—油藏—井筒—地面—集输—经营”全链条由智能体集群自主管控、人类承担“最后仲裁者”角色的“机器主控、人类监护”模式。通过对Shell的Smart Field、bp的Field of the Future、Saudi Aramco的I-Field等国际公司及以中国石油长庆油田、中国石化胜利油田、中国海油秦皇岛32-6海上油田等国内示范工程的系统对比研究发现,全球范围内虽已普遍实现高水平数字化感知与局部自主控制,但尚未形成自主决策与管控体系,距离智能油田仍存在实质差距。在此基础上,文章提出构建行业基础大模型与智能体集群,实现机理—数据—知识三元融合。通过“虚拟—影子—实控”三阶段实现安全可控的自主权迁移;打造跨域协同的系统级智能,实现产量、能耗、碳排放、安全的多目标自优化。从技术体系、工程路径、组织制度、低碳转型四个维度提出发展方向,构建“2026~2030年准智能油田试点、2031~2035年区域级自主管控、2035年后真正智能油田建成”的三阶段发展路线及目标。本研究成果以期为国内外智能油田建设提供系统性的理论框架、工程路径与政策参考。展开更多
基金the Strategic Research Plan of the Centre for Marine Technology and Ocean Engineering(CENTEC),which is financed by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology(Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia FCT)under contract UIDB/UIDP/00134/2020.
文摘This study examines the methods to plan the development of offshore oilfields over the years,which are used to support the decision-making on the development of offshore oilfields.About 100 papers are analysed and categorised into different groups of main early-stage decisions.The present study stands in contrast to the contributions of the operations research and system engineering review articles,on the one hand,and the petroleum engineering review articles,on the other.This is because it does not focus on one methodological approach,nor does it limit the literature analysis by offshore oilfield characteristics.Consequently,the present analysis may offer valuable insights,for instance,by identifying environmental planning decisions as a recent yet highly significant concern that is currently being imposed on decision-making process.Thus,it is evident that the incorporation of safety criteria within the technical-economic decision-making process for the design of production systems would be a crucial requirement at development phase.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF0615403)CNPC Science and Technology Project(2023ZZ0803).
文摘A flexible sidetracking stimulation technology of horizontal wells is formed to develop the lateral deep remaining oil and gas resources of the low-permeability mature oilfields.This technology first uses the flexible sidetracking tool to achieve low-cost sidetracking in the old wellbore,and then uses the hydraulic jet technology to induce multiple fractures to fracture.Finally,the bullhead fracturing of multi-cluster temporary plugging for the sidetracking hole is carried out by running the tubing string,to realize the efficient development of the remaining reserves among the wells.The flexible sidetracking stimulation technology involves flexible sidetracking horizontal wells drilling and sidetracking horizontal well fracturing.The flexible sidetracking horizontal well drilling includes three aspects:flexible drill pipe structure and material optimization,drilling technology,and sealed coring tool.The sidetracking horizontal well fracturing includes two aspects:fracturing scheme optimization,fracturing tools and implementation process optimization.The technology has been conducted several rounds of field tests in the Ansai Oilfield of Changqing,China.The results show that by changing well type and reducing row spacing of oil and water wells,the pressure displacement system can be well established to achieve effective pressure transmission and to achieve the purpose of increasing liquid production in low-yield and low-efficiency wells.It is verified that the flexible sidetracking stimulation technology can provide favorable support for accurately developing remaining reserves in low-permeability reservoirs.
基金supported from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52474021)Basic Science Center Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52288101)+1 种基金"Flow Control of Ultra-deep and Extra-deep Oil and Gas Drilling",Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2023ME131)the Jiangsu Specially-Appointed Professor Program。
文摘With the depletion of shallow and mid-depth oil and gas resources,exploration and development have increasingly shifted toward deep and ultra-deep reservoirs.However,high bottom-hole temperatures and pressures,along with complex geological conditions,pose significant challenges.Additionally,growing environmental regulations restrict the use of conventional petroleum-derived chemicals such as polyacrylamide,sulfonic acid resins,and sulfonic acid asphalt.In recent years,lignin has demonstrated significant potential in petroleum exploration and development due to their sustainability,biodegradability,and excellent thermal,chemical,mechanical,and rheological properties.This article reviews the structure,classification,preparation,and modification methods of lignin,followed by a systematic discussion of its applications in oilfield operations.In drilling fluids,lignin and its derivatives serve as rheological regulators,fluid loss control agents,and shale inhibitors,contributing to enhanced cuttings transport and wellbore stability.In fracturing fluids,they function as thickeners and breaker agents,improving fracturing efficiency while protecting the reservoir.In enhanced oil recovery,ligninbased polymers act as surfactants and profile control agents,reducing interfacial tension between water and rock surfaces and increasing the effective permeability of sandstone reservoirs.Furthermore,in oilfield wastewater treatment,lignin-based materials effectively remove oil-water mixtures,heavy metal cations,and solid particles through filtration,adsorption,and flocculation.
基金funded by the Major Science and Technology Project of China National Petroleum Corporation(No.2023ZZ22YJ01).
文摘Stratigraphic correlations are essential for the fine-scale characterization of reservoirs.However,conventional data-driven methods that rely solely on log data struggle to construct isochronous stratigraphic frameworks for complex sedimentary environments and multi-source geological settings.In response,this study proposed an intelligent,automatic,log-seismic integrated stratigraphic correlation method that incorporates wavelet frequency-division transform(WFT)and dynamic time warping(DTW)(also referred to as the WFT-DTW method).This approach integrates seismic data as constraints into stratigraphic correlations,enabling accurate tracking of the seismic marker horizons through WFT.Under the constraints of framework construction,a DTW algorithm was introduced to correlate sublayer boundaries automatically.The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified through a stratigraphic correlation experiment on the SA0 Formation of the Xingshugang block in the Lasaxing oilfield,the Songliao Basin,China.In this block,the target layer exhibits sublayer thicknesses ranging from 5 m to 8 m,an average sandstone thickness of 2.1 m,and pronounced heterogeneity.The verification using 1760 layers in 160 post-test wells indicates that the WFT-DTW method intelligently compared sublayers in zones with underdeveloped faults and distinct marker horizons.As a result,the posterior correlation of 1682 layers was performed,with a coincidence rate of up to 95.6%.The proposed method can complement manual correlation efforts while also providing valuable technical support for the lithologic and sand body characterization of reservoirs.
基金Supporting Project number(RSP2025R92)at King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia,for their support.
文摘The importance of organic geochemistry and basin modeling is widely recognized and used to understand the source rock potential and hydrocarbon generation history of the Mangahewa Formation,and thereby given the foundational role in the petroleum exploration.This study utilized the total organic carbon(TOC)content and hydrogen index(HI)to investigate the dominant kerogen type and hydrogen richness for the significance of petroleum generative potential.The Mangahewa coals and carbonaceous shales exhibit an excellent source rocks,with high total organic content(TOC)of more than 22%.The coals and carbonaceous shales were also characterised by Type Ⅱ‒Ⅲ kerogen with Type Ⅲ kerogen,promising oiland gas-prones.The Mangahewa Formation reached the main oil generation,with vitrinite reflectances between 0.53%and 1.01%.Vitrinite reflectance was also used in developing themal models and reveal the transformation(TR)of 10‒50%kerogen to oil during the Late Miocene.The models also showed that the Mangahewa source rock has a significant oil generation and little expulsion competency,with a TR of up to 54%.These findings support the substantial oil-generating potential in the Taranaki Basin's southern graben and can be used as a guide when developing strategies for an oil exploration program.
基金supported by the CNPC-SWPU Innovation Alliance Technology Cooperation Project(2020CX020000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42022028)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(24NSFSC0808)the China Scholarship Council(202306440144)。
文摘In common practice in the oil fields,the injection of water and gas into reservoirs is a crucial technique to increase production.The control of the waterflooding front in oil/gas exploitation is a matter of great concern to reservoir engineers.Monitoring the waterflooding front in oil/gas wells plays a very important role in adjusting the well network and later in production,taking advantage of the remaining oil po-tential and ultimately achieving great success in improving the recovery rate.For a long time,micro-seismic monitoring,numerical simulation,four-dimensional seismic and other methods have been widely used in waterflooding front monitoring.However,reconciling their reliability and cost poses a significant challenge.In order to achieve real-time,reliable and cost-effective monitoring,we propose an innovative method for waterflooding front monitoring through the similarity analysis of passive source time-lapse seismic images.Typically,passive source seismic data collected from oil fields have extremely low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR),which poses a serious problem for obtaining structural images.The proposed method aims to visualize and analyze underground changes by highlighting time-lapse images and provide a strategy for underground monitoring using long-term passive source data under low SNR conditions.First,we verify the feasibility of the proposed method by designing a theoretical model.Then,we conduct an analysis of the correlation coefficient(similarity)on the passive source time-lapse seismic imaging results to enhance the image differences and identify the simulated waterflooding fronts.Finally,the proposed method is applied to the actual waterflooding front monitoring tasks in Shengli Oilfield,China.The research findings indicate that the monitoring results are consistent with the actual devel-opment conditions,which in turn demonstrates that the proposed method has great potential for practical application and is very suitable for monitoring common development tasks in oil fields.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.52174065)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.52304071)+1 种基金China University of Petroleum,Beijing (Grant No.ZX20220040)MOE Key Laboratory of Petroleum Engineering (China University of Petroleum,No.2462024PTJS002)。
文摘The carbon emissions and cost during the construction phase are significant contributors to the oilfield lifecycle.As oilfields enter the late stage,the adaptability of facilities decreases.To achieve sustainable development,oilfield reconstruction was usually conducted in discrete rather than continuous space.Motivated by economic and sustainability goals,a 3-phase heuristic model for oilfield reconstruction was developed to mine potential locations in continuous space.In phase 1,considering the process characteristics of the oil and gas gathering system,potential locations were mined in continuous space.In phase 2,incorporating comprehensive reconstruction measures,a reconstruction model was established in discrete space.In phase 3,the topology was further adjusted in continuous space.Subsequently,the model was transformed into a single-objective mixed integer linear programming model using the augmented ε-constraint method.Numerical experiments revealed that the small number of potential locations could effectively reduce the reconstruction cost,and the quality of potential locations mined in phase 1 surpassed those generated in random or grid form.Case studies showed that cost and carbon emissions for a new block were reduced by up to 10.45% and 7.21 %,respectively.These reductions were because the potential locations mined in 1P reduced the number of metering stations,and 3P adjusted the locations of metering stations in continuous space to shorten the pipeline length.For an old oilfield,the load and connection ratios of the old metering station increased to 89.7% and 94.9%,respectively,enhancing operation efficiency.Meanwhile,recycling facilitated the diversification of reconstruction measures and yielded a profit of 582,573 ¥,constituting 5.56% of the total cost.This study adopted comprehensive reconstruction measures and tapped into potential reductions in cost and carbon emissions for oilfield reconstruction,offering valuable insights for future oilfield design and construction.
文摘“智能油田”概念自2003年提出以来,国内外油气企业开展了大量探索,但尚未建成统一定义与真正意义上的“智能油田”。文章在系统回溯油田智能化发展脉络的基础上,结合智能体“基础大语言模型基座+行业大语言模型+任务规划+外部工具调用+记忆”的核心构成与运行逻辑,提出了以“全过程机器自主管控”为核心的智能油田新定义,构建涵盖感知、通信、数据、模型、智能体集群、控制执行与业务共治的七层体系架构,并提出智能油田自主等级(L1~L5)评价体系,为行业建立可量化的技术标尺。明确了智能油田的建设本质是“钻完井—油藏—井筒—地面—集输—经营”全链条由智能体集群自主管控、人类承担“最后仲裁者”角色的“机器主控、人类监护”模式。通过对Shell的Smart Field、bp的Field of the Future、Saudi Aramco的I-Field等国际公司及以中国石油长庆油田、中国石化胜利油田、中国海油秦皇岛32-6海上油田等国内示范工程的系统对比研究发现,全球范围内虽已普遍实现高水平数字化感知与局部自主控制,但尚未形成自主决策与管控体系,距离智能油田仍存在实质差距。在此基础上,文章提出构建行业基础大模型与智能体集群,实现机理—数据—知识三元融合。通过“虚拟—影子—实控”三阶段实现安全可控的自主权迁移;打造跨域协同的系统级智能,实现产量、能耗、碳排放、安全的多目标自优化。从技术体系、工程路径、组织制度、低碳转型四个维度提出发展方向,构建“2026~2030年准智能油田试点、2031~2035年区域级自主管控、2035年后真正智能油田建成”的三阶段发展路线及目标。本研究成果以期为国内外智能油田建设提供系统性的理论框架、工程路径与政策参考。
