A novel simple two-dimensional square-lattice model of amphiphile at oil-water interface is developed,in which oil and water act as solvent and occupy empty sites and amphiphile occupies chains of sites. In this mode...A novel simple two-dimensional square-lattice model of amphiphile at oil-water interface is developed,in which oil and water act as solvent and occupy empty sites and amphiphile occupies chains of sites. In this model, the oil-water interface is fixed, And amphiphile molecules will be enriched at the oil-water interface. The interfacial concentration of amphiphile calculated by Monte Carlo method shows that it is easier for the hydrophilic-hydrophobic balanced amphiphile to stay at the interface. And the adsorption of amphiphile increases with the increase of amphiphile concentration and the decrease with temperature.展开更多
Toxicity-data of two carbamate insecticides, carbaryl and carbofuran, and three fungicides, ziram, zineb and mancozeb with rice-field N2-fixing cyanobacterium Cylindrospermum sp., obtained by in vitro growth and at so...Toxicity-data of two carbamate insecticides, carbaryl and carbofuran, and three fungicides, ziram, zineb and mancozeb with rice-field N2-fixing cyanobacterium Cylindrospermum sp., obtained by in vitro growth and at soil-water interface, were analyzed by the probit method. Growth enhancing concentration, no-observed effective concentration, minimum inhibitory concentration, the highest permissive concentration and lethal concentration100 （LCloo） were determined experimentally. The LC^o values of carbaryl, carbofuran, ziram, zineb and mancozeb in N2-fixing liquid medium were 56.2, 588.8, 0.07, 4.2 and 3.4 IJg/mL, respectively, whereas the corresponding LCloo values were 100.0, 1500.0, 0.17, 25.0 and 9.0 IJg/mL, respectively. The LC50 values of these pesticides in succession in N2-fixing agar medium were 44.7, 239.9, 0.07, 1.8 and 2.3 IJg/mL, respectively, whereas the corresponding LC100 values were 100.0, 600.0, 0.17, 10.0 and 7.0 IJg/mL, respectively. Similar results with nitrate supplemented liquid and agar media indicated that nitrate supplementation had toxicity reducing effect. The LCso and LC^oo values of toxicity in the N2-fixing liquid medium at soil-water interface were 91.2 and 200.0 IJg/mL for carbaryl, 2 317 and 6 000 pg/mL for carbofuran, 0.15 and 0.50 pg/mL for ziram, 16.4 and 50.0 pg/mL for zineb, and 7.2 and 25.0 pg/mL for mancozeb, respectively. Each LC^oo value at soil- water interface with a pesticide was significantly higher than its corresponding LCloo value at liquid/agar media. It can be concluded that, under the N2-fixing conditions, the cyanobacterium tolerated higher levels of each pesticide at soil-water interface.展开更多
Amphiphile-oil-water system is complicated. The real behavior of amphiphile in the interface is still undnown despite that this behavior is very important in determining the stability of emulsion system. In this paper...Amphiphile-oil-water system is complicated. The real behavior of amphiphile in the interface is still undnown despite that this behavior is very important in determining the stability of emulsion system. In this paper, the interface properties of amphiphile at oil-water interface were investigated by a square-lattice model Monte Carlo simulation method. The synergistic effect was found for hydrophobic and hydrophilic amphiphile mixture systems; and the synergistic effect disappears or was weakened as the amphiphile at the interface region became dilute with the increasing of temperature.展开更多
The redox-sensitive elements,such as iron,manganese,sulfur,phosphorus,and arsenic,shift their speciation every millimeter(mm)across the soil-water interface in the flooded soil environments.Monitoring of element speci...The redox-sensitive elements,such as iron,manganese,sulfur,phosphorus,and arsenic,shift their speciation every millimeter(mm)across the soil-water interface in the flooded soil environments.Monitoring of element speciation at this high-resolution(HR)within the SWI is still difficult.The key challenge lies in obtaining sufficient porewater samples at specific locations along the soil gradient for downstream analysis.Here with an optimized inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)method and a HR porewater sampler,we demonstrate mm-scale element profiles mapping across the SWI in paddy soils.Highconcentrations of iron and manganese(>10 mg/L)were measured by ICP-MS in an extended dynamic range mode to avoid signal overflow.The iron profile along the SWI generated by the ICP-MS method showed no significant difference(p<0.05)compared to that measured independently using a colorimetric method.Furthermore,four arsenic(arsenite,arsenate,monomethylarsonic and dimethylarsinic acid),two phosphorus(phosphite and phosphate)and two sulfur(sulfide and sulfate)species were separated in 10 min by ion chromatography-ICP-MS with the NH_(4)HCO_(3)mobile phase.We verified the technique using paddy soils collected from the field,and present the mm-scale profiles of iron,manganese,and arsenic,phosphorus,sulfur species(relative standard deviation<8%).The technique developed in this study will significantly promote the measurement throughput in limited samples(e.g.100μL)collected by HR samplers,which would greatly facilitate redox-sensitive elements biogeochemical cycling in saturated soils.展开更多
Nowadays,the novel oil water interface method has attracted a considerable attention owing to the advantages of mild reaction conditions,simple operation,low cost,and high efficiency.In this paper,uniform oil-soluble ...Nowadays,the novel oil water interface method has attracted a considerable attention owing to the advantages of mild reaction conditions,simple operation,low cost,and high efficiency.In this paper,uniform oil-soluble Fe_3O_4 nanoparticles(NPs) were synthesized by oil-water interface method from mixing iron tristearate of 0.067mol/L in cyclohexane with ferrous sulfate in water.The as-prepared products were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) and thermogravimetric analyzer(TGA).TEM images and XRD profiles showed that the size of the oil-soluble products ranged in 1.7-6.9 nm.VSM indicated that the Fe_3O_4 NPs were superparamagetic.FT-IR and TGA proved that oleic acid was combined to the surface of Fe_3O_4 NPs closely.TEM images and XRD profiles revealed that the most suitable reaction concentration of NH_3·H_2O,oleic acid/water in volume,reaction temperature and reaction time were 4.5 mol/L,50:1 000,80℃ and 6 h,respectively.The formation mechanism of the nearly monodispersed Fe_3O_4 NPs was that the preformed Fe_3O_4 nuclei were capped by oleic acid as early as the nucleation occurred in oil-water interface and subsequently entered into oil phase to stop growing.展开更多
Electrocatalytic conversion presents a promising alternative to conventional industrial catalysis.While aqueous-phase electrocatalysis has achieved notable advancements,oil-water immiscible systems remain challenging ...Electrocatalytic conversion presents a promising alternative to conventional industrial catalysis.While aqueous-phase electrocatalysis has achieved notable advancements,oil-water immiscible systems remain challenging due to restricted reaction flux at multiphase interfaces.To address the limitation,we engineered a biphasic reaction system featuring a tailored oil-water catalytic interface in cyclohexene oxidation reaction(COR).The system employed a catalyst-loaded porous electrode as an active phase domain,enabling spatial separation of cyclohexene(organic phase)and electrolyte(aqueous phase).The tailored oil-water interface enhanced the interfacial mass transfer of substrate-catalysts and facilitated the spontaneous migration of 2-cyclohexen-1-ol into the aqueous phase,thereby streamlining product separation.Notably,polyaniline(PANI)modification on Co_(3)O_(4)enhanced surface lipophilicity,promoting cyclohexene adsorption and accelerating the COR catalytic kinetics(Co^(3+)-O+cyclohexene-H+e-→Co^(2+)-OH+2-cyclohexen-1-ol).The synergistic effects of optimized interfacial engineering and catalyst functionalization achieved exceptional performance:a current density of 45 mA·cm^(-2)at 1.6 V vs.reversible hydrogen electrode(V_(RHE)),coupled with 96.2%selectivity and 82.9%Faradaic efficiency.This work establishes an innovative paradigm for electrocatalytic conversions in oil-water immiscible systems through rational interface design and catalyst surface modulation.展开更多
Photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting is an effective approach to directly convert solar energy into clean hydrogen fuel.As a visible-light-responsive p-type semiconductor,CuBi_(2)O_(4)possesses a suitable bandgap ...Photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting is an effective approach to directly convert solar energy into clean hydrogen fuel.As a visible-light-responsive p-type semiconductor,CuBi_(2)O_(4)possesses a suitable bandgap and good stability.However,its performance is inhibited by high interfacial resistance and severe charge carrier recombination.In this study,a CuO interlayer was introduced between fluorine-doped tin oxide(FTO)and CuBi_(2)O_(4)to construct CuO/CuBi_(2)O_(4)photocathodes,aiming to improve interfacial charge transfer.The results showed that CuO/CuBi_(2)O_(4)-200 exhibited a photocurrent density of−1.71 mA/cm^(2)at 0 V vs.RHE,which was more than 3.5 times higher than that of bare CuBi_(2)O_(4).The incident photon-to-current efficiency(IPCE)at 365 nm was enhanced to~13%and the maximum applied bias photon-to-current efficiency(ABPE)reached 0.17%.Water splitting experiments revealed a hydrogen yield of 2.05μmol/cm^(2),significantly surpassing that of the unmodified photoelectrode.The enhanced PEC performance indicated that the CuO layer established a favorable band alignment,promoted hole transport toward the FTO substrate and effectively suppressed interfacial carrier recombination.This work demonstrated a simple and efficient interfacial engineering strategy,offering new insights and guidance for the design and development of high-performance semiconductor-based PEC photoelectrodes.展开更多
With the growing global energy demand and the pressing need for a clean energy transition,supercapacitors(SCs)have demonstrated significant application potential in electric vehicles,wearable electronics,and renewable...With the growing global energy demand and the pressing need for a clean energy transition,supercapacitors(SCs)have demonstrated significant application potential in electric vehicles,wearable electronics,and renewable energy storage systems owing to their rapid charge-discharge capability,exceptional power density,and prolonged cycle life.The improvement of their overall performance fundamentally depends on the synergistic design of electrode materials and electrolyte systems,as well as the precise regulation of the electrode-electrolyte interface.This review focuses on the key components of supercapacitors,systematically reviewing the design strategies of high-performance electrode materials,outlining recent advances in novel electrolyte systems,and comprehensively discussing the critical roles of interfacial reinforcement and optimization in enhancing device energy density,power performance,and cycling stability.Furthermore,interfacial engineering strategies and innovations in device architecture are proposed to address interfacial degradation in flexible SCs under mechanical stress.Finally,key future research directions are highlighted,including the development of high-voltage and wide-temperature-range electrolyte systems and the integrated advancement of multiscale in situ characterization techniques and theoretical modeling.This review aims to provide theoretical guidance and innovative strategies for material design,contributing toward the realization of next-generation supercapacitors with enhanced energy density and reliability.展开更多
In view of the frequent deterioration of molten steel quality during the tundish filling process,the slag-steel-air interface behavior in a tundish,including liquid level fluctuation,slag eyes,slag entrapment and air ...In view of the frequent deterioration of molten steel quality during the tundish filling process,the slag-steel-air interface behavior in a tundish,including liquid level fluctuation,slag eyes,slag entrapment and air suction during the steady-state casting and filling process,was comparatively studied through physical modeling and mathematical simulation methods.During the filling process,the liquid surface forms a large-size slag eye under the impact of molten steel from a ladle shroud,which simultaneously results in a violent fluctuation of liquid level.Concurrently,the liquid flow entrains the air phase and the cover slag into the tundish impact zone,resulting in slag entrapment and air suction.At filling flow rates of 1.5Q,2.0Q,and 2.5Q(Q is the flow rate under steady-state casting),the amount of slag entrapped is 8.39×10^(-5),9.65×10^(-5),and 12.7×10^(-5)m^(3),respectively,while the volume of air aspirated is 0.84×10^(-4),1.47×10^(-4),and 2.01×10^(-4)m^(3),indicating that slag entrapment and air suction intensify with an increase in tundish filling flow rate.Flow field characterization identifies eddy currents in the impact zone as the primary driver of the above phenomena.Proper filling process parameters were proposed to improve the steel quality during the tundish filling.展开更多
Invasive as well as non-invasive neurotechnologies conceptualized to interface the central and peripheral nervous system have been probed for the past decades,which refer to electroencephalography,electrocorticography...Invasive as well as non-invasive neurotechnologies conceptualized to interface the central and peripheral nervous system have been probed for the past decades,which refer to electroencephalography,electrocorticography and microelectrode arrays.The challenges of these mentioned approaches are characterized by the bandwidth of the spatiotemporal resolution,which in turn is essential for large-area neuron recordings(Abiri et al.,2019).展开更多
Preferential magnesium(Mg)electrodeposition on separators is a ubiquitous yet poorly understood phenomenon in rechargeable Mg-metal batteries,posing a fundamental challenge to their development.In this work,the synerg...Preferential magnesium(Mg)electrodeposition on separators is a ubiquitous yet poorly understood phenomenon in rechargeable Mg-metal batteries,posing a fundamental challenge to their development.In this work,the synergy effects of interface-accelerating desolvation and spatial confinement have been demonstrated as the essential causation of this counterintuitive experimental phenomenon.At the molecular level,the imide ring(-CO-NR-CO-,in which R represents the phenyl)groups in an artificially introduced polyimide(PI)interlayer facilitate the strong electrostatic affinity towards Mg^(2+),which accelerates the desolvation process for Mg^(2+)solvation structures at the inner Helmholtz plane.At the nucleation scale,the wedge-like concave geometry formed at the PI/current collector interface provides energetically favorable sites for Mg nucleation.This unique architecture reduces the critical nucleus size,thereby significantly lowering nucleation energy barriers.As a result,the satisfactory Coulombic efficiency for Mg plating/stripping(98.22%)and cycle lifespan(1200 cycles,above 100 days)have been achieved,outperforming most of the previous results.This work pioneers a molecular-level understanding of separator-directed Mg deposition and resolves a long-standing confusion in Mg-metal batteries.展开更多
The escalating global issues of water scarcity and pollution emphasize the critical need for the rapid development of efficient and eco-friendly water treatment technologies.Photoelectrocatalytic technology has emerge...The escalating global issues of water scarcity and pollution emphasize the critical need for the rapid development of efficient and eco-friendly water treatment technologies.Photoelectrocatalytic technology has emerged as a promising solution for effectively degrading refractory organic pollutants in water under light conditions.This review delves into the advancements made in the field,focusing on strategies to enhance the generation of active species by modulating the micro-interface of the photoanode.Strategies,such as morphological control,element doping,introduction of surface oxygen vacancies,and construction of heterostructures,significantly improve the separation efficiency of photogenerated charges and the generation of active species,thereby boosting the efficiency of photoelectrocatalytic performance.Furthermore,the review explores the potential applications of photoelectrocatalytic technology in organic pollutant degradation in solutions.It also outlines the current challenges and future development directions.Despite its remarkable laboratory success,practical implementation of photoelectrocatalytic technology encounters obstacles related to stability,cost-effectiveness,and operational efficiency.Future investigations need to focus on optimizing the performance of photoelectrocatalytic materials and exploring strategies for upscaling their application in real water treatment scenarios.展开更多
Recently, quantum Hall interface has become a popular subject of research;distinct from that of the quantum Hall edge, which is constrained by external background confinement, the interface has the freedom to move, li...Recently, quantum Hall interface has become a popular subject of research;distinct from that of the quantum Hall edge, which is constrained by external background confinement, the interface has the freedom to move, likely towards a string-like state. In disk geometry, it was known that the interface energy has an extra correction due to its curvature which depends on the size of the disk. In this work, we analytically calculate the energy of the integer quantum Hall interface on a cone surface which has the advantage of its curvature being more easily adjustable. By tuning the length and curvature of the interface by the cone angle parameter β, we analyze the dependence of the quantum Hall interface energy on the curvature and verify this geometric correction.Moreover, we find that the tip of the cone geometry has an extra contribution to the energy that reflects on the u_(2), u_(4) term.展开更多
Introducing Ti_(2)AlC particles into TiAl alloys can effectively improve their strength,but this can also lead to stress concentration at the interface,resulting in the reduction of ductility.Therefore,Mn is adopted t...Introducing Ti_(2)AlC particles into TiAl alloys can effectively improve their strength,but this can also lead to stress concentration at the interface,resulting in the reduction of ductility.Therefore,Mn is adopted to synergistically improve the strength and ductility of the Ti_(2)AlC/TiAl composite through solid solution and interface manipulation.The first-principles calculation shows the Ti-Mn bonds are formed at the Ti_(2)AlC/TiAl interface after Mn doping,characterized primarily by metallic bonds with some covalent bonding.This combination preserves strength while enhancing ductility.Then,Ti_(2)AlC/TiAl-Mn composite is prepared.The Ti_(2)AlC,with an average size of 1.6μm,is uniformly distributed within the TiAl matrix.Mn doping reduces the lamellar colony size and lamellar thickness by 25.1%and 27.4%,respectively.A small quantity of Mn accumulates at the boundaries of the lamellar colonies.The Mn content must be controlled to avoid segregation,which may negatively impact performance.The yield stress,ultimate compressive stress,fracture strain,and product of strength and plasticity of the Ti_(2)AlC/TiAl-Mn composite have been increased by 5.5%,11.5%,10.4%,and 23.0%,respectively,compared to those of the Ti_(2)AlC/TiAl composite.The enhancement in strength is due to the combined effects of grain refinement,solid solution of Mn,and twining strengthening.Grain refinement and twin strengthening also can reduce stress concentration and improve ductility.In addition,at the electronic level,the Ti-Mn bond formed at the interface is contributed to the improvement of ductility.展开更多
Purpose-Interface management is the process of managing communications,responsibilities and coordination of project parties,phases or physical entities which are dependent on one another.Interface management is a cruc...Purpose-Interface management is the process of managing communications,responsibilities and coordination of project parties,phases or physical entities which are dependent on one another.Interface management is a crucial part of managing any construction project-but particularly important for high-speed railway projects that often have several contractual parties and stakeholders,very long project timelines and huge upfront cost overlays.This paper discusses how various project interfaces were managed during the design and construction of the civil engineering infrastructure for the High Speed Two(HS2)project in the United Kingdom.Design/methodology/approach-The paper uses the case study methodology.Key interfaces on the HS2 project are grouped into various categories and the paper discusses how they were managed within the Area North Integrated Project Team(IPT)of the HS2 project made up of contractor Balfour Beatty VINCI(BBV),the Mott MacDonald SYSTRA Design Joint Venture(DJV)and client HS2 Ltd.3 different case studies drawn from across the IPT are used,each of them highlighting different interfaces and how these interfaces were managed.Findings-The paper shows how innovative technical designs and modern methods of construction were used to address some of the unique and peculiar challenges of designing a brand-new railway in the United Kingdom.Addressing the contrasting and often competing requirements of different stakeholders,coupled with challenging physical constraints of the very limited land available for the project and the use of a rarely used Act of Parliament in the delivery of the project required different approach to interface management.Collaboration and proactive stakeholder engagement are necessary for successful interface management on megaprojects.The authors posit that adopting an integrated approach to engineering and construction management is an essential ingredient for the successful delivery of high-speed railway projects.Originality/value-With many high-speed railway projects around the world coming up in the next few years,understanding the context and challenges for each country will help engineering and design managers adopt appropriate approaches for their projects.The lessons learned on the HS2 project are also transferable to other mega infrastructure projects with complex project interfaces.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs) are regarded as one of the most promising energy conversion and storage devices.Nevertheless,side reactions and dendrite growth on the zinc metal anode hinder their widespread applica...Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs) are regarded as one of the most promising energy conversion and storage devices.Nevertheless,side reactions and dendrite growth on the zinc metal anode hinder their widespread application.In this study,hemin was employed as a multi-functional artificial interface for the first time to inhibit the disordered growth of zinc dendrites and mitigate side reactions.Theoretical calculations indicate that hemin is preferentially adsorbed onto the zinc anode,thus blocking the interaction between the active zinc anode and electrolyte.Compared with zinc foil,the Hemin@Zn anode demonstrates enhanced corrosion resistance,a decrease in hydrogen evolution,and more orderly deposition of zinc.As expected,the symmetric cell with Hemin@Zn anode can sustain up to 4000 h at 0.2 mA/cm^(2),0.2 mAh/cm^(2).Asymmetric Zn//Cu cells exhibit an average coulombic efficiency exceeding 99.72 % during 500 cycles.Moreover,the full cell Hemin@Zn//NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10) delivers a superior capacity up to 367 m Ah/g and the discharge capacity retention reaches 124 mAh/g after 1200 cycles even at a current density of 5 A/g.This work provides a simple and effective method for constructing a robust artificial interface to promote the application of long-life AZIBs.展开更多
High-performance alloys are indispensable in modern engineering because of their exceptional strength,ductility,corrosion resistance,fatigue resistance,and thermal stability,which are all significantly influenced by t...High-performance alloys are indispensable in modern engineering because of their exceptional strength,ductility,corrosion resistance,fatigue resistance,and thermal stability,which are all significantly influenced by the alloy interface structures.Despite substantial efforts,a comprehensive overview of interface engineering of high-performance alloys has not been presented so far.In this study,the interfaces in high-performance alloys,particularly grain and phase boundaries,were systematically examined,with emphasis on their crystallographic characteristics and chemical element segregations.The effects of the interfaces on the electrical conductivity,mechanical strength,toughness,hydrogen embrittlement resistance,and thermal stability of the alloys were elucidated.Moreover,correlations among various types of interfaces and advanced experimental and computational techniques were examined using big data analytics,enabling robust design strategies.Challenges currently faced in the field of interface engineering and emerging opportunities in the field are also discussed.The study results would guide the development of next-generation high-performance alloys.展开更多
Aqueous zinc(Zn)metal batteries(AZMBs)have distinct advantages in terms of safety and cost-effectiveness.However,the industrial application of AZMBs is currently not ready due to challenges of Zn dendrite growth and t...Aqueous zinc(Zn)metal batteries(AZMBs)have distinct advantages in terms of safety and cost-effectiveness.However,the industrial application of AZMBs is currently not ready due to challenges of Zn dendrite growth and the side reactions such as hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)on the Zn anodes.In this review,we discuss how inorganic interfaces impact the Zn^(2+)plating/stripping reaction and overall cell performance.The discussion is categorized based on the types of inorganic materials,including metal oxides,other metal compounds,and inorganic salts.The proposed protection mechanisms for Zn metal anodes are highlighted,with a focus on the dendrite and HER inhibition mechanisms facilitated by various inorganic materials.We also provide our perspective on the rational design of advanced interfaces to enable highly reversible Zn^(2+)plating/stripping reactions toward highly stable AZMBs,paving the way for their practical implementation in energy storage.展开更多
Parasitic interface side reactions and uncontrollable Zn deposition seriously erode the cycling performance of aqueous zinc ion batteries,thus impeding the large-scale application.Herein,an organic acid molecule with ...Parasitic interface side reactions and uncontrollable Zn deposition seriously erode the cycling performance of aqueous zinc ion batteries,thus impeding the large-scale application.Herein,an organic acid molecule with a unique molecular structure,camphorsulfonic acid(CSA),is first proposed to remodel the interface microenvironment as an electrolyte additive.The proton provided by CSA can neutralize the hydroxide ions generated by side reactions and inhibit the accumulation of alkaline by-products.The sulfonic acid groups are firmly adsorbed on the Zn anode surface,thereby enabling the regulation of interfacial species.Specifically,oxygen-containing functional groups combined with hydrophobic rigid carbon rings achieve a water-poor interface environment and promote the transfer of Zn^(2+),providing a suitable environment for Zn deposition.As a result,Zn//Zn symmetrical battery can run for over 2800 h(2 mA cm^(-2)-2 mAh cm^(-2)),demonstrating 28-times lifespan compared to the battery without CSA.Furthermore,Zn//KVO full cell presents excellent performance of 800 cycles at 3 A g^(-1).Besides,the pouch cell with CSA can also operate a capacity of 153.8 mAh after 60 cycles at 0.5 A g^(-1) with96.5%capacity retention rate.This work provides an organism-inspired additive selection for stabilizing the interface chemistry of the Zn anode.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 29736170)and the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No. RC01051).
文摘A novel simple two-dimensional square-lattice model of amphiphile at oil-water interface is developed,in which oil and water act as solvent and occupy empty sites and amphiphile occupies chains of sites. In this model, the oil-water interface is fixed, And amphiphile molecules will be enriched at the oil-water interface. The interfacial concentration of amphiphile calculated by Monte Carlo method shows that it is easier for the hydrophilic-hydrophobic balanced amphiphile to stay at the interface. And the adsorption of amphiphile increases with the increase of amphiphile concentration and the decrease with temperature.
基金supported by an ES project on ‘Cyanobacteria’ (Grant No.21 (0859)/11/EMR-II),from Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR),New Delhi,India
文摘Toxicity-data of two carbamate insecticides, carbaryl and carbofuran, and three fungicides, ziram, zineb and mancozeb with rice-field N2-fixing cyanobacterium Cylindrospermum sp., obtained by in vitro growth and at soil-water interface, were analyzed by the probit method. Growth enhancing concentration, no-observed effective concentration, minimum inhibitory concentration, the highest permissive concentration and lethal concentration100 （LCloo） were determined experimentally. The LC^o values of carbaryl, carbofuran, ziram, zineb and mancozeb in N2-fixing liquid medium were 56.2, 588.8, 0.07, 4.2 and 3.4 IJg/mL, respectively, whereas the corresponding LCloo values were 100.0, 1500.0, 0.17, 25.0 and 9.0 IJg/mL, respectively. The LC50 values of these pesticides in succession in N2-fixing agar medium were 44.7, 239.9, 0.07, 1.8 and 2.3 IJg/mL, respectively, whereas the corresponding LC100 values were 100.0, 600.0, 0.17, 10.0 and 7.0 IJg/mL, respectively. Similar results with nitrate supplemented liquid and agar media indicated that nitrate supplementation had toxicity reducing effect. The LCso and LC^oo values of toxicity in the N2-fixing liquid medium at soil-water interface were 91.2 and 200.0 IJg/mL for carbaryl, 2 317 and 6 000 pg/mL for carbofuran, 0.15 and 0.50 pg/mL for ziram, 16.4 and 50.0 pg/mL for zineb, and 7.2 and 25.0 pg/mL for mancozeb, respectively. Each LC^oo value at soil- water interface with a pesticide was significantly higher than its corresponding LCloo value at liquid/agar media. It can be concluded that, under the N2-fixing conditions, the cyanobacterium tolerated higher levels of each pesticide at soil-water interface.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 29736170) the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (No. RC01051).
文摘Amphiphile-oil-water system is complicated. The real behavior of amphiphile in the interface is still undnown despite that this behavior is very important in determining the stability of emulsion system. In this paper, the interface properties of amphiphile at oil-water interface were investigated by a square-lattice model Monte Carlo simulation method. The synergistic effect was found for hydrophobic and hydrophilic amphiphile mixture systems; and the synergistic effect disappears or was weakened as the amphiphile at the interface region became dilute with the increasing of temperature.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(Nos.41977320,41571305)Key Programme Special Fund of XJTLU(No.KSF-A-20)。
文摘The redox-sensitive elements,such as iron,manganese,sulfur,phosphorus,and arsenic,shift their speciation every millimeter(mm)across the soil-water interface in the flooded soil environments.Monitoring of element speciation at this high-resolution(HR)within the SWI is still difficult.The key challenge lies in obtaining sufficient porewater samples at specific locations along the soil gradient for downstream analysis.Here with an optimized inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)method and a HR porewater sampler,we demonstrate mm-scale element profiles mapping across the SWI in paddy soils.Highconcentrations of iron and manganese(>10 mg/L)were measured by ICP-MS in an extended dynamic range mode to avoid signal overflow.The iron profile along the SWI generated by the ICP-MS method showed no significant difference(p<0.05)compared to that measured independently using a colorimetric method.Furthermore,four arsenic(arsenite,arsenate,monomethylarsonic and dimethylarsinic acid),two phosphorus(phosphite and phosphate)and two sulfur(sulfide and sulfate)species were separated in 10 min by ion chromatography-ICP-MS with the NH_(4)HCO_(3)mobile phase.We verified the technique using paddy soils collected from the field,and present the mm-scale profiles of iron,manganese,and arsenic,phosphorus,sulfur species(relative standard deviation<8%).The technique developed in this study will significantly promote the measurement throughput in limited samples(e.g.100μL)collected by HR samplers,which would greatly facilitate redox-sensitive elements biogeochemical cycling in saturated soils.
基金Nanometer Special Project of Shanghai,China(No.1052nm06400)
文摘Nowadays,the novel oil water interface method has attracted a considerable attention owing to the advantages of mild reaction conditions,simple operation,low cost,and high efficiency.In this paper,uniform oil-soluble Fe_3O_4 nanoparticles(NPs) were synthesized by oil-water interface method from mixing iron tristearate of 0.067mol/L in cyclohexane with ferrous sulfate in water.The as-prepared products were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) and thermogravimetric analyzer(TGA).TEM images and XRD profiles showed that the size of the oil-soluble products ranged in 1.7-6.9 nm.VSM indicated that the Fe_3O_4 NPs were superparamagetic.FT-IR and TGA proved that oleic acid was combined to the surface of Fe_3O_4 NPs closely.TEM images and XRD profiles revealed that the most suitable reaction concentration of NH_3·H_2O,oleic acid/water in volume,reaction temperature and reaction time were 4.5 mol/L,50:1 000,80℃ and 6 h,respectively.The formation mechanism of the nearly monodispersed Fe_3O_4 NPs was that the preformed Fe_3O_4 nuclei were capped by oleic acid as early as the nucleation occurred in oil-water interface and subsequently entered into oil phase to stop growing.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22278380)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2024M762994 and GZC20232392)supported by the project of Yunnan Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Materials and Devices,Yunnan University(No.ZZ2024009).
文摘Electrocatalytic conversion presents a promising alternative to conventional industrial catalysis.While aqueous-phase electrocatalysis has achieved notable advancements,oil-water immiscible systems remain challenging due to restricted reaction flux at multiphase interfaces.To address the limitation,we engineered a biphasic reaction system featuring a tailored oil-water catalytic interface in cyclohexene oxidation reaction(COR).The system employed a catalyst-loaded porous electrode as an active phase domain,enabling spatial separation of cyclohexene(organic phase)and electrolyte(aqueous phase).The tailored oil-water interface enhanced the interfacial mass transfer of substrate-catalysts and facilitated the spontaneous migration of 2-cyclohexen-1-ol into the aqueous phase,thereby streamlining product separation.Notably,polyaniline(PANI)modification on Co_(3)O_(4)enhanced surface lipophilicity,promoting cyclohexene adsorption and accelerating the COR catalytic kinetics(Co^(3+)-O+cyclohexene-H+e-→Co^(2+)-OH+2-cyclohexen-1-ol).The synergistic effects of optimized interfacial engineering and catalyst functionalization achieved exceptional performance:a current density of 45 mA·cm^(-2)at 1.6 V vs.reversible hydrogen electrode(V_(RHE)),coupled with 96.2%selectivity and 82.9%Faradaic efficiency.This work establishes an innovative paradigm for electrocatalytic conversions in oil-water immiscible systems through rational interface design and catalyst surface modulation.
基金Supported by Educational Department(JYTMS20230310)Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(2024-MS-215)。
文摘Photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting is an effective approach to directly convert solar energy into clean hydrogen fuel.As a visible-light-responsive p-type semiconductor,CuBi_(2)O_(4)possesses a suitable bandgap and good stability.However,its performance is inhibited by high interfacial resistance and severe charge carrier recombination.In this study,a CuO interlayer was introduced between fluorine-doped tin oxide(FTO)and CuBi_(2)O_(4)to construct CuO/CuBi_(2)O_(4)photocathodes,aiming to improve interfacial charge transfer.The results showed that CuO/CuBi_(2)O_(4)-200 exhibited a photocurrent density of−1.71 mA/cm^(2)at 0 V vs.RHE,which was more than 3.5 times higher than that of bare CuBi_(2)O_(4).The incident photon-to-current efficiency(IPCE)at 365 nm was enhanced to~13%and the maximum applied bias photon-to-current efficiency(ABPE)reached 0.17%.Water splitting experiments revealed a hydrogen yield of 2.05μmol/cm^(2),significantly surpassing that of the unmodified photoelectrode.The enhanced PEC performance indicated that the CuO layer established a favorable band alignment,promoted hole transport toward the FTO substrate and effectively suppressed interfacial carrier recombination.This work demonstrated a simple and efficient interfacial engineering strategy,offering new insights and guidance for the design and development of high-performance semiconductor-based PEC photoelectrodes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52072208 and 52261160384)supported by the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program(Grade B)of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant Number GZB20250057China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2025M770223).
文摘With the growing global energy demand and the pressing need for a clean energy transition,supercapacitors(SCs)have demonstrated significant application potential in electric vehicles,wearable electronics,and renewable energy storage systems owing to their rapid charge-discharge capability,exceptional power density,and prolonged cycle life.The improvement of their overall performance fundamentally depends on the synergistic design of electrode materials and electrolyte systems,as well as the precise regulation of the electrode-electrolyte interface.This review focuses on the key components of supercapacitors,systematically reviewing the design strategies of high-performance electrode materials,outlining recent advances in novel electrolyte systems,and comprehensively discussing the critical roles of interfacial reinforcement and optimization in enhancing device energy density,power performance,and cycling stability.Furthermore,interfacial engineering strategies and innovations in device architecture are proposed to address interfacial degradation in flexible SCs under mechanical stress.Finally,key future research directions are highlighted,including the development of high-voltage and wide-temperature-range electrolyte systems and the integrated advancement of multiscale in situ characterization techniques and theoretical modeling.This review aims to provide theoretical guidance and innovative strategies for material design,contributing toward the realization of next-generation supercapacitors with enhanced energy density and reliability.
基金support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51874033)to Prof.Hai-Yan Tang.
文摘In view of the frequent deterioration of molten steel quality during the tundish filling process,the slag-steel-air interface behavior in a tundish,including liquid level fluctuation,slag eyes,slag entrapment and air suction during the steady-state casting and filling process,was comparatively studied through physical modeling and mathematical simulation methods.During the filling process,the liquid surface forms a large-size slag eye under the impact of molten steel from a ladle shroud,which simultaneously results in a violent fluctuation of liquid level.Concurrently,the liquid flow entrains the air phase and the cover slag into the tundish impact zone,resulting in slag entrapment and air suction.At filling flow rates of 1.5Q,2.0Q,and 2.5Q(Q is the flow rate under steady-state casting),the amount of slag entrapped is 8.39×10^(-5),9.65×10^(-5),and 12.7×10^(-5)m^(3),respectively,while the volume of air aspirated is 0.84×10^(-4),1.47×10^(-4),and 2.01×10^(-4)m^(3),indicating that slag entrapment and air suction intensify with an increase in tundish filling flow rate.Flow field characterization identifies eddy currents in the impact zone as the primary driver of the above phenomena.Proper filling process parameters were proposed to improve the steel quality during the tundish filling.
文摘Invasive as well as non-invasive neurotechnologies conceptualized to interface the central and peripheral nervous system have been probed for the past decades,which refer to electroencephalography,electrocorticography and microelectrode arrays.The challenges of these mentioned approaches are characterized by the bandwidth of the spatiotemporal resolution,which in turn is essential for large-area neuron recordings(Abiri et al.,2019).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22279068,52374306)the Taishan Scholars of Shandong Province(tsqn202408202)the Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory Open Project(QNESL OP202312)。
文摘Preferential magnesium(Mg)electrodeposition on separators is a ubiquitous yet poorly understood phenomenon in rechargeable Mg-metal batteries,posing a fundamental challenge to their development.In this work,the synergy effects of interface-accelerating desolvation and spatial confinement have been demonstrated as the essential causation of this counterintuitive experimental phenomenon.At the molecular level,the imide ring(-CO-NR-CO-,in which R represents the phenyl)groups in an artificially introduced polyimide(PI)interlayer facilitate the strong electrostatic affinity towards Mg^(2+),which accelerates the desolvation process for Mg^(2+)solvation structures at the inner Helmholtz plane.At the nucleation scale,the wedge-like concave geometry formed at the PI/current collector interface provides energetically favorable sites for Mg nucleation.This unique architecture reduces the critical nucleus size,thereby significantly lowering nucleation energy barriers.As a result,the satisfactory Coulombic efficiency for Mg plating/stripping(98.22%)and cycle lifespan(1200 cycles,above 100 days)have been achieved,outperforming most of the previous results.This work pioneers a molecular-level understanding of separator-directed Mg deposition and resolves a long-standing confusion in Mg-metal batteries.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52100076)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.2023MS064)。
文摘The escalating global issues of water scarcity and pollution emphasize the critical need for the rapid development of efficient and eco-friendly water treatment technologies.Photoelectrocatalytic technology has emerged as a promising solution for effectively degrading refractory organic pollutants in water under light conditions.This review delves into the advancements made in the field,focusing on strategies to enhance the generation of active species by modulating the micro-interface of the photoanode.Strategies,such as morphological control,element doping,introduction of surface oxygen vacancies,and construction of heterostructures,significantly improve the separation efficiency of photogenerated charges and the generation of active species,thereby boosting the efficiency of photoelectrocatalytic performance.Furthermore,the review explores the potential applications of photoelectrocatalytic technology in organic pollutant degradation in solutions.It also outlines the current challenges and future development directions.Despite its remarkable laboratory success,practical implementation of photoelectrocatalytic technology encounters obstacles related to stability,cost-effectiveness,and operational efficiency.Future investigations need to focus on optimizing the performance of photoelectrocatalytic materials and exploring strategies for upscaling their application in real water treatment scenarios.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 12347101 and 12474140the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No. 2024CDJXY022+3 种基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 61988102The Key Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province under Grant No. 2019B090917007the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province under Grant No. 2019B090909011Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory under Grant No. 2019B121203002。
文摘Recently, quantum Hall interface has become a popular subject of research;distinct from that of the quantum Hall edge, which is constrained by external background confinement, the interface has the freedom to move, likely towards a string-like state. In disk geometry, it was known that the interface energy has an extra correction due to its curvature which depends on the size of the disk. In this work, we analytically calculate the energy of the integer quantum Hall interface on a cone surface which has the advantage of its curvature being more easily adjustable. By tuning the length and curvature of the interface by the cone angle parameter β, we analyze the dependence of the quantum Hall interface energy on the curvature and verify this geometric correction.Moreover, we find that the tip of the cone geometry has an extra contribution to the energy that reflects on the u_(2), u_(4) term.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52371031 and 52574435)the Science and Technology Development Program of Jilin Province,China(No.20250102103JC)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Development Program of Changchun City,China(No.23JQ03)Changbaishan Laboratory,China(No.CBS2025004-03)the Undergraduate Innovation Fund of Jilin University,China(No.S202410183310).
文摘Introducing Ti_(2)AlC particles into TiAl alloys can effectively improve their strength,but this can also lead to stress concentration at the interface,resulting in the reduction of ductility.Therefore,Mn is adopted to synergistically improve the strength and ductility of the Ti_(2)AlC/TiAl composite through solid solution and interface manipulation.The first-principles calculation shows the Ti-Mn bonds are formed at the Ti_(2)AlC/TiAl interface after Mn doping,characterized primarily by metallic bonds with some covalent bonding.This combination preserves strength while enhancing ductility.Then,Ti_(2)AlC/TiAl-Mn composite is prepared.The Ti_(2)AlC,with an average size of 1.6μm,is uniformly distributed within the TiAl matrix.Mn doping reduces the lamellar colony size and lamellar thickness by 25.1%and 27.4%,respectively.A small quantity of Mn accumulates at the boundaries of the lamellar colonies.The Mn content must be controlled to avoid segregation,which may negatively impact performance.The yield stress,ultimate compressive stress,fracture strain,and product of strength and plasticity of the Ti_(2)AlC/TiAl-Mn composite have been increased by 5.5%,11.5%,10.4%,and 23.0%,respectively,compared to those of the Ti_(2)AlC/TiAl composite.The enhancement in strength is due to the combined effects of grain refinement,solid solution of Mn,and twining strengthening.Grain refinement and twin strengthening also can reduce stress concentration and improve ductility.In addition,at the electronic level,the Ti-Mn bond formed at the interface is contributed to the improvement of ductility.
文摘Purpose-Interface management is the process of managing communications,responsibilities and coordination of project parties,phases or physical entities which are dependent on one another.Interface management is a crucial part of managing any construction project-but particularly important for high-speed railway projects that often have several contractual parties and stakeholders,very long project timelines and huge upfront cost overlays.This paper discusses how various project interfaces were managed during the design and construction of the civil engineering infrastructure for the High Speed Two(HS2)project in the United Kingdom.Design/methodology/approach-The paper uses the case study methodology.Key interfaces on the HS2 project are grouped into various categories and the paper discusses how they were managed within the Area North Integrated Project Team(IPT)of the HS2 project made up of contractor Balfour Beatty VINCI(BBV),the Mott MacDonald SYSTRA Design Joint Venture(DJV)and client HS2 Ltd.3 different case studies drawn from across the IPT are used,each of them highlighting different interfaces and how these interfaces were managed.Findings-The paper shows how innovative technical designs and modern methods of construction were used to address some of the unique and peculiar challenges of designing a brand-new railway in the United Kingdom.Addressing the contrasting and often competing requirements of different stakeholders,coupled with challenging physical constraints of the very limited land available for the project and the use of a rarely used Act of Parliament in the delivery of the project required different approach to interface management.Collaboration and proactive stakeholder engagement are necessary for successful interface management on megaprojects.The authors posit that adopting an integrated approach to engineering and construction management is an essential ingredient for the successful delivery of high-speed railway projects.Originality/value-With many high-speed railway projects around the world coming up in the next few years,understanding the context and challenges for each country will help engineering and design managers adopt appropriate approaches for their projects.The lessons learned on the HS2 project are also transferable to other mega infrastructure projects with complex project interfaces.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52372188)Natural Science Foundation of Henan (Nos.242300421625,252300421333)+4 种基金CAS Henan Industrial Technology Innovation & Incubation Center (No.2024121)Key Scientific Research Project of Education Department of Henan Province (Nos.22A150042,23A150038,and 24A150019)2023 Introduction of studying abroad talent programthe China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2019 M652546)Key Project of Science and Technology of Henan Province (No.252102240007)。
文摘Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs) are regarded as one of the most promising energy conversion and storage devices.Nevertheless,side reactions and dendrite growth on the zinc metal anode hinder their widespread application.In this study,hemin was employed as a multi-functional artificial interface for the first time to inhibit the disordered growth of zinc dendrites and mitigate side reactions.Theoretical calculations indicate that hemin is preferentially adsorbed onto the zinc anode,thus blocking the interaction between the active zinc anode and electrolyte.Compared with zinc foil,the Hemin@Zn anode demonstrates enhanced corrosion resistance,a decrease in hydrogen evolution,and more orderly deposition of zinc.As expected,the symmetric cell with Hemin@Zn anode can sustain up to 4000 h at 0.2 mA/cm^(2),0.2 mAh/cm^(2).Asymmetric Zn//Cu cells exhibit an average coulombic efficiency exceeding 99.72 % during 500 cycles.Moreover,the full cell Hemin@Zn//NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10) delivers a superior capacity up to 367 m Ah/g and the discharge capacity retention reaches 124 mAh/g after 1200 cycles even at a current density of 5 A/g.This work provides a simple and effective method for constructing a robust artificial interface to promote the application of long-life AZIBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52122408 and 52474397)the High-level Talent Research Start-up Project Funding of Henan Academy of Sciences(No.242017127)+1 种基金the financial support from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(University of Science and Technology Beijing(USTB),Nos.FRF-TP-2021-04C1 and 06500135)supported by USTB MatCom of Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering。
文摘High-performance alloys are indispensable in modern engineering because of their exceptional strength,ductility,corrosion resistance,fatigue resistance,and thermal stability,which are all significantly influenced by the alloy interface structures.Despite substantial efforts,a comprehensive overview of interface engineering of high-performance alloys has not been presented so far.In this study,the interfaces in high-performance alloys,particularly grain and phase boundaries,were systematically examined,with emphasis on their crystallographic characteristics and chemical element segregations.The effects of the interfaces on the electrical conductivity,mechanical strength,toughness,hydrogen embrittlement resistance,and thermal stability of the alloys were elucidated.Moreover,correlations among various types of interfaces and advanced experimental and computational techniques were examined using big data analytics,enabling robust design strategies.Challenges currently faced in the field of interface engineering and emerging opportunities in the field are also discussed.The study results would guide the development of next-generation high-performance alloys.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52272183)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(buctrc202316)the support of the China Experience Fund and the Stephen Slavens Faculty Scholar Endowment Fund from Oregon State University。
文摘Aqueous zinc(Zn)metal batteries(AZMBs)have distinct advantages in terms of safety and cost-effectiveness.However,the industrial application of AZMBs is currently not ready due to challenges of Zn dendrite growth and the side reactions such as hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)on the Zn anodes.In this review,we discuss how inorganic interfaces impact the Zn^(2+)plating/stripping reaction and overall cell performance.The discussion is categorized based on the types of inorganic materials,including metal oxides,other metal compounds,and inorganic salts.The proposed protection mechanisms for Zn metal anodes are highlighted,with a focus on the dendrite and HER inhibition mechanisms facilitated by various inorganic materials.We also provide our perspective on the rational design of advanced interfaces to enable highly reversible Zn^(2+)plating/stripping reactions toward highly stable AZMBs,paving the way for their practical implementation in energy storage.
基金financially supported by The Excellent Youth Project of the Education Department of Hunan Province(No.24B0008)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52377222)。
文摘Parasitic interface side reactions and uncontrollable Zn deposition seriously erode the cycling performance of aqueous zinc ion batteries,thus impeding the large-scale application.Herein,an organic acid molecule with a unique molecular structure,camphorsulfonic acid(CSA),is first proposed to remodel the interface microenvironment as an electrolyte additive.The proton provided by CSA can neutralize the hydroxide ions generated by side reactions and inhibit the accumulation of alkaline by-products.The sulfonic acid groups are firmly adsorbed on the Zn anode surface,thereby enabling the regulation of interfacial species.Specifically,oxygen-containing functional groups combined with hydrophobic rigid carbon rings achieve a water-poor interface environment and promote the transfer of Zn^(2+),providing a suitable environment for Zn deposition.As a result,Zn//Zn symmetrical battery can run for over 2800 h(2 mA cm^(-2)-2 mAh cm^(-2)),demonstrating 28-times lifespan compared to the battery without CSA.Furthermore,Zn//KVO full cell presents excellent performance of 800 cycles at 3 A g^(-1).Besides,the pouch cell with CSA can also operate a capacity of 153.8 mAh after 60 cycles at 0.5 A g^(-1) with96.5%capacity retention rate.This work provides an organism-inspired additive selection for stabilizing the interface chemistry of the Zn anode.
