In the context of convection-heating-based in situ oil shale retorting,fractures serve as primary pathways for fluid migration and product extraction.This study investigates the permeability and microstructural evolut...In the context of convection-heating-based in situ oil shale retorting,fractures serve as primary pathways for fluid migration and product extraction.This study investigates the permeability and microstructural evolution of oil shale during water vapor injection in single-fracture and no-fracture scenarios.Three types of oil shale are investigated:intact oil shale,oil shale with a single straight crack,and oil shale with a single hydraulic crack.With increasing water vapor temperature,the permeabilities of the intact oil shale and oil shale with a fractured crack exhibit a trend of initial increase,followed by a decrease,and then a subsequent increase.However,the permeability of oil shale with a single straight crack consistently increases and exceeds that of oil shale with a fractured crack.The temperaturedependent permeability changes in fractured oil shale-a slight decrease in fracture cracks and a gradual increase in straight cracks-mainly occur in the range of 300℃-350℃.The permeability of oil shale with a straight crack is approximately three times that of oil shale with a fractured crack.This is attributed to the retention of viscous asphaltene and the frictional resistance caused by the rough fracture structure.For the oil shale with a single crack,the crack permeability has a dominant influence on the overall permeability of the rock.The contribution of the permeability of the straight crack exceeds 94.6%,while that of the permeability of the fractured crack is greater than 86.1%.The disparity in the contribution of these two crack structures is evident at 350℃-550℃.展开更多
Oil spill-induced vapor cloud explosions in a confined space can cause catastrophic consequences.In this work,investigation was conducted on the catastrophic pipeline leak,oil spill,and the resulting vapor cloud explo...Oil spill-induced vapor cloud explosions in a confined space can cause catastrophic consequences.In this work,investigation was conducted on the catastrophic pipeline leak,oil spill,and the resulting vapor cloud explosion accident occurring in China in 2013 by modeling analysis,field surveys,and numerical simulations.The total amount of the spilled oil was up to2044.4 m3 due to improper disposal.The long residence time of the oil remaining in a confined space permitted the formation of explosive mixtures and caused the vapor cloud explosion.A numerical model was developed to estimate the consequence of the explosion based on volatilization testing results.The results show that the death-leading zone and the glass-breaking zone could be 18 m and 92 m,respectively,which are consistent with the field investigation.The severity of the explosion is related to the amount of the oil spill,properties of oil,and volatilization time.It is recommended that a comprehensive risk assessment be conducted to analyze the possible consequences upon oil spilling into a confined space.Prompt collection and ventilation measures should be taken immediately after the spill occurs to reduce the time for oil volatilization and prevent the mixture from reaching its explosive limit.展开更多
The past literature on the use of vegetable oils as fuel in diesel engine revealed that utilizing vegetable oil fuels in diesel engines may require property changes in the oil or perhaps, some minor engine modificatio...The past literature on the use of vegetable oils as fuel in diesel engine revealed that utilizing vegetable oil fuels in diesel engines may require property changes in the oil or perhaps, some minor engine modifications or operating changes. This study was conducted to search for the effect of atmospheric oxygen on the puffing and bursting phenomena that occur during vegetable oils droplet vaporization process in their use as fuel in diesel engine. The fiber-suspended droplet technique was used, and the normalized square droplet diameter as well as the temperature evolution vicinity the droplet was analyzed. The results show that puffing and bursting phenomena highly depend on oxygen. In presence of atmospheric oxygen, there is an increase of the puffing and bursting intensity and therefore the evaporation rate of the vegetable oil droplets, but in an inert environment or when the environment is oxygen-depleted puffing and bursting phenomena disappearing and make place of a series of explosions with lower magnitude. The lack of oxygen reduces the thermal degradation, polymerization and oxidation reactions and consequently the vaporization rate of vegetable oils droplets;and could therefore lead to the formation of deposits in the form of polymers. This is unsuitable for their use as a fuel in diesel engines. It can also be concluded that atmospheric oxygen has some positive effects on engine performance and emissions when operating with vegetable oil. These results help to address the challenge for the use of alternative fuels such as non-edible vegetable oils.展开更多
Oil Vapor recovery is a critical process in downstream chemical industries, in oil and gas industries and in environmental protection. For that purpose, highly-efficient absorbent materials for vapor recovery are in h...Oil Vapor recovery is a critical process in downstream chemical industries, in oil and gas industries and in environmental protection. For that purpose, highly-efficient absorbent materials for vapor recovery are in high demand and their associated adsorption kinetics is of great importance for their performance. As oil vapor consists of multiple components with different physical and chemical properties, modeling the overall adsorption kinetics of activated carbon for multi-component oil vapor is essentially valuable for industrial applications. In this work, we developed a comprehensive model of multi-component gas adsorption kinetics on activated carbon in a packed-bed reactor and numerically solved the model by the finite element method. The predictions from the model are all in the reasonable range indicating good validity of the model. Some dimensionless parameters are also derived to further investigate the prediction results.展开更多
The paper discussed the physical and chemical properties of cooking oil vapor(COV) and its biological effects. The study showed that: (1)By ultraviolet spectrophotometry, the method to determine the concentration of C...The paper discussed the physical and chemical properties of cooking oil vapor(COV) and its biological effects. The study showed that: (1)By ultraviolet spectrophotometry, the method to determine the concentration of COV was simple, reliable and suitable; (2)At 220℃, about 60%-80% particles′ diameter of COV were less than 10 μm which referred to they are capable of reaching the deeper parts of the respiratory tract; (3)Pulmonary toxicity study of COV revealed that in acute toxicity test, there was lung tissue injury in rats and the degree increased as the concentration of oil vapor increased; subacute test in rats indicated that pulmonary injury might be the result of lipid peroxidation brought about by the activation of more general free radical system; (4)The average concentration of emitted oil vapor in the environment ranged from 0.10 to 0.20 mg/m3, the emission outlets in most restaurants were very simple or located in residential areas without any filtering device; (5)Irritative effect threshold levels of COV to volunteers and the effects on occupational exposed cooks also suggested that COV might produce harmful effects on pulmonary function in occupationally exposed personnel.展开更多
A petroleum middle distillate, known as fog oil (FO), has been used in the United military battlefield to create obscurant smoke screens. During studies on the feasibility of replacing FO with relatively environmental...A petroleum middle distillate, known as fog oil (FO), has been used in the United military battlefield to create obscurant smoke screens. During studies on the feasibility of replacing FO with relatively environmentally benign natural oil esters, with similar flow properties, such as methyl soyate (MS), it was observed that FO and MS aerosols and vapors were lethal to Salmonella typhimurium strains (Ames strains used to test for mutagenic activity in the Modified Ames Assay) even after very short exposures. It was further shown that vapors produced from the vegetable oil esters under certain conditions exhibited antimicrobial activity against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, we examined the antimicrobial properties of volatile organic compounds detected in vegetable oil ester vapors. The experiments involved introduction of a known amount of specific compounds present in oil smoke vaors, individually and in combination, into an exposure chamber containing nutrient agar petri dishes inoculated with Salmonella typhimurium. Petri dishes were removed from the chamber after varied exposure periods to determine survival of the bacteria. The results of the experiments showed that individual compounds exhibited antimicrobial activity but lower than the vapors produced during thermal aerosol generation process suggesting the antimicrobial activity of the vapors is likely a synergistic activity of multiple components of the vapors.展开更多
This paper presents an analysis of the effect of two synthetic antioxidants on the vaporization processes of coconut and linseed oils for fuel use. Several studies agree on the effectiveness of synthetic or natural an...This paper presents an analysis of the effect of two synthetic antioxidants on the vaporization processes of coconut and linseed oils for fuel use. Several studies agree on the effectiveness of synthetic or natural antioxidants against the polymerization of vegetable oils. The principle of action of the latter is to increase the rate of vaporization, to the detriment of polymer formation. The droplet suspension technique where a fiber is used to hold a stationary droplet has been used. The vaporization was conducted within a closed chamber under ambient pressure conditions in an inert and oxidizing environment at temperatures of 703 K. The method involves monitoring the projected surface area of vegetable oil droplet blended with antioxidants. The projected area (mm2) of the droplet during the vaporization process as a function of time (s) has been used to determine the vaporization coefficient, or the residue formation rate. The main findings are that the two antioxidants used at 200 ppm and 500 ppm have no influence on the vaporization of saturated oils like coconut, while on unsaturated oils like linseed the two antioxidants appear to reduce slightly the deposition of residues which are identified as polymers and increase slightly vaporization rate. In practice, antioxidants could be used as additives in vegetable oils to facilitate their combustion in diesel engines, representing a potential solution for improving combustion efficiency. To enhance the reliability of the findings, it would be advisable to increase the number of antioxidants and extend the study to encompass a wider range of vegetable oils.展开更多
This study presents a contribution to the development of a model for vegetable oil droplets vaporization, with a particular focus on the influence of the experimental set-up for their use as fuel in diesel engines. Tw...This study presents a contribution to the development of a model for vegetable oil droplets vaporization, with a particular focus on the influence of the experimental set-up for their use as fuel in diesel engines. Two systems were considered: an open-environment system obtained through a hot gas flow, and a closed-environment system. Vaporization was conducted under identical conditions, with the results subsequently compared. The findings indicate that, for temperatures between 473 K and 673 K, droplets behaviour in both systems presents only a heating and expansion phase. For temperatures above 673 K, the behaviour of the droplets differs between the devices. In the open environment device, a linear reduction in droplets diameter is observed following the transient phase, suggesting stationary vaporization and enabling the calculation of a vaporization constant and the well-known D2 law is respected. In the closed-environment device, puffing, micro-explosions and gas ejections are observed, and it is not possible to determine vaporization constant and D2 law is not respected. The results demonstrate the necessity of developing a model for the thermal decomposition of vegetable oil before attempting to create a model for the vaporization of these oils. In order to achieve this, it is essential to construct an experimental setup that more closely emulates the real conditions within the combustion chamber of a diesel engine, taking into account the variables of pressure, temperature and the heating process.展开更多
The extensive use of polymeric materials in single-use packaging has driven the need to develop biodegradable alternatives.This study investigates the incorporation of graphene oxide(GO)and Moringa oleifera seed oil(M...The extensive use of polymeric materials in single-use packaging has driven the need to develop biodegradable alternatives.This study investigates the incorporation of graphene oxide(GO)and Moringa oleifera seed oil(MOSO)into a gelatin matrix to create polymer films and evaluate their potential as active packaging materials.The properties of these films were evaluated using structural,thermal,mechanical,optical,and physicochemical methods to determine their suitability for food packaging applications.The results showed that GO and MOSO were homogeneously dispersed in the gelatin matrix,forming colloidal particles(around 5μm in diameter).The addition of GO increased opacity by approximately 20 times the base value while MOSO affected light transmittance without impacting opacity.Mechanical properties were affected differently,GO acted as a crosslinking agent reducing elongation and increasing tensile strength at break,on the other hand MOSO acted as a plasticizer,making films more plastic increasing elongation a 30%.These effects counteracted each other,and similar behavior was recorded in differential scanning calorimetry.The films exhibited an improved water vapor resistance,which is crucial for food packaging.These findings indicate that the incorporation of GO and MOSO into a gelatin matrix may produce biodegradable polymer films with enhanced properties,suitable for active packaging in the food industry.展开更多
A new method is proposed to analyze the pore-scale mechanisms and characterization of light oil storage in shale nanopores,which is based on the Hydrocarbon Vapor Adsorption(HVA)and Pore Calculation Model(PCM).First,t...A new method is proposed to analyze the pore-scale mechanisms and characterization of light oil storage in shale nanopores,which is based on the Hydrocarbon Vapor Adsorption(HVA)and Pore Calculation Model(PCM).First,the basic principle of the HVA-PCM method is introduced,and the experimental/mathematical analysis processes are given.Then,the HVA-PCM method is applied to shale samples to analyze the mechanisms and characterization of light oil storage in shale nanopores.The results provide insights into the pore-scale oil storage mechanisms,oil storage structure,oil film thickness,oil distribution within different sized pores,and the oil storage state.Finally,the advantages and limitations of the HVA-PCM method are discussed,and suggestions for further improvement are proposed.Overall,the HVA-PCM method is a powerful tool for extracting quantitative information on the light oil storage in shale nanopores.展开更多
By means of experiments of C02 miscibility with crude oil, four nonpolar chemicals were evaluated in order to enhance the miscibility of C02 with crude oil. Through pre-slug injection and joint injection of toluene in...By means of experiments of C02 miscibility with crude oil, four nonpolar chemicals were evaluated in order to enhance the miscibility of C02 with crude oil. Through pre-slug injection and joint injection of toluene in CO2, crude oil displacement experiments in the slim-tube were conducted to investigate effects of the toluene- enhanced C02 flooding under simulated subterranean reservoir conditions. Experimental results showed that toluene can enhance extraction of oil into C02 and dissolution of C02 into oil with the increment of 251% and 64% respectively. Addition of toluene can obviously improve the oil recovery in either pre-slug injection or joint injection, and the crude oil recovery increased with the increase of the toluene concentration. The oil recov- ery can increase by 22.5% in pre-slug injection with the high toluene concentration. Pre-slug injection was recom- mended because it can consume less toluene than joint injection. This work could be useful to development and application of the CO） flooding in the oil recoverv as well as CO2 emission reduction.展开更多
[Objectives]To optimize volatile oil extraction from Ocimum basilicum with the water vapor distillation.[Methods]An orthogonal design was carried out to determine the volume of volatile oil by 3 factors:the immersion ...[Objectives]To optimize volatile oil extraction from Ocimum basilicum with the water vapor distillation.[Methods]An orthogonal design was carried out to determine the volume of volatile oil by 3 factors:the immersion time,distillation time,amount of water.The ratio of the oil in inclusion complex was used to evaluate the technology based on the orthogonal design.[Results]The best volatile oil extraction condition was to add 400 mL of water into the mixture of crude drugs,and to extract the herbal medicine for 2 h with advanced soaking for 6 h with water.[Conclusions]The process is stable,reasonable,and feasible.展开更多
基金funded by the Open Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory for Fine Exploration and Intelligent Development of Coal Resources,China University of Mining and Technology(Grant No.SKLCRSM23KF018)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52104144)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2019YFA0705501).
文摘In the context of convection-heating-based in situ oil shale retorting,fractures serve as primary pathways for fluid migration and product extraction.This study investigates the permeability and microstructural evolution of oil shale during water vapor injection in single-fracture and no-fracture scenarios.Three types of oil shale are investigated:intact oil shale,oil shale with a single straight crack,and oil shale with a single hydraulic crack.With increasing water vapor temperature,the permeabilities of the intact oil shale and oil shale with a fractured crack exhibit a trend of initial increase,followed by a decrease,and then a subsequent increase.However,the permeability of oil shale with a single straight crack consistently increases and exceeds that of oil shale with a fractured crack.The temperaturedependent permeability changes in fractured oil shale-a slight decrease in fracture cracks and a gradual increase in straight cracks-mainly occur in the range of 300℃-350℃.The permeability of oil shale with a straight crack is approximately three times that of oil shale with a fractured crack.This is attributed to the retention of viscous asphaltene and the frictional resistance caused by the rough fracture structure.For the oil shale with a single crack,the crack permeability has a dominant influence on the overall permeability of the rock.The contribution of the permeability of the straight crack exceeds 94.6%,while that of the permeability of the fractured crack is greater than 86.1%.The disparity in the contribution of these two crack structures is evident at 350℃-550℃.
基金supported by China Scholarship Council(201809110035)the State Key Research and Development Plan Project of China(2016YFC0801500).
文摘Oil spill-induced vapor cloud explosions in a confined space can cause catastrophic consequences.In this work,investigation was conducted on the catastrophic pipeline leak,oil spill,and the resulting vapor cloud explosion accident occurring in China in 2013 by modeling analysis,field surveys,and numerical simulations.The total amount of the spilled oil was up to2044.4 m3 due to improper disposal.The long residence time of the oil remaining in a confined space permitted the formation of explosive mixtures and caused the vapor cloud explosion.A numerical model was developed to estimate the consequence of the explosion based on volatilization testing results.The results show that the death-leading zone and the glass-breaking zone could be 18 m and 92 m,respectively,which are consistent with the field investigation.The severity of the explosion is related to the amount of the oil spill,properties of oil,and volatilization time.It is recommended that a comprehensive risk assessment be conducted to analyze the possible consequences upon oil spilling into a confined space.Prompt collection and ventilation measures should be taken immediately after the spill occurs to reduce the time for oil volatilization and prevent the mixture from reaching its explosive limit.
文摘The past literature on the use of vegetable oils as fuel in diesel engine revealed that utilizing vegetable oil fuels in diesel engines may require property changes in the oil or perhaps, some minor engine modifications or operating changes. This study was conducted to search for the effect of atmospheric oxygen on the puffing and bursting phenomena that occur during vegetable oils droplet vaporization process in their use as fuel in diesel engine. The fiber-suspended droplet technique was used, and the normalized square droplet diameter as well as the temperature evolution vicinity the droplet was analyzed. The results show that puffing and bursting phenomena highly depend on oxygen. In presence of atmospheric oxygen, there is an increase of the puffing and bursting intensity and therefore the evaporation rate of the vegetable oil droplets, but in an inert environment or when the environment is oxygen-depleted puffing and bursting phenomena disappearing and make place of a series of explosions with lower magnitude. The lack of oxygen reduces the thermal degradation, polymerization and oxidation reactions and consequently the vaporization rate of vegetable oils droplets;and could therefore lead to the formation of deposits in the form of polymers. This is unsuitable for their use as a fuel in diesel engines. It can also be concluded that atmospheric oxygen has some positive effects on engine performance and emissions when operating with vegetable oil. These results help to address the challenge for the use of alternative fuels such as non-edible vegetable oils.
文摘Oil Vapor recovery is a critical process in downstream chemical industries, in oil and gas industries and in environmental protection. For that purpose, highly-efficient absorbent materials for vapor recovery are in high demand and their associated adsorption kinetics is of great importance for their performance. As oil vapor consists of multiple components with different physical and chemical properties, modeling the overall adsorption kinetics of activated carbon for multi-component oil vapor is essentially valuable for industrial applications. In this work, we developed a comprehensive model of multi-component gas adsorption kinetics on activated carbon in a packed-bed reactor and numerically solved the model by the finite element method. The predictions from the model are all in the reasonable range indicating good validity of the model. Some dimensionless parameters are also derived to further investigate the prediction results.
文摘The paper discussed the physical and chemical properties of cooking oil vapor(COV) and its biological effects. The study showed that: (1)By ultraviolet spectrophotometry, the method to determine the concentration of COV was simple, reliable and suitable; (2)At 220℃, about 60%-80% particles′ diameter of COV were less than 10 μm which referred to they are capable of reaching the deeper parts of the respiratory tract; (3)Pulmonary toxicity study of COV revealed that in acute toxicity test, there was lung tissue injury in rats and the degree increased as the concentration of oil vapor increased; subacute test in rats indicated that pulmonary injury might be the result of lipid peroxidation brought about by the activation of more general free radical system; (4)The average concentration of emitted oil vapor in the environment ranged from 0.10 to 0.20 mg/m3, the emission outlets in most restaurants were very simple or located in residential areas without any filtering device; (5)Irritative effect threshold levels of COV to volunteers and the effects on occupational exposed cooks also suggested that COV might produce harmful effects on pulmonary function in occupationally exposed personnel.
文摘A petroleum middle distillate, known as fog oil (FO), has been used in the United military battlefield to create obscurant smoke screens. During studies on the feasibility of replacing FO with relatively environmentally benign natural oil esters, with similar flow properties, such as methyl soyate (MS), it was observed that FO and MS aerosols and vapors were lethal to Salmonella typhimurium strains (Ames strains used to test for mutagenic activity in the Modified Ames Assay) even after very short exposures. It was further shown that vapors produced from the vegetable oil esters under certain conditions exhibited antimicrobial activity against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, we examined the antimicrobial properties of volatile organic compounds detected in vegetable oil ester vapors. The experiments involved introduction of a known amount of specific compounds present in oil smoke vaors, individually and in combination, into an exposure chamber containing nutrient agar petri dishes inoculated with Salmonella typhimurium. Petri dishes were removed from the chamber after varied exposure periods to determine survival of the bacteria. The results of the experiments showed that individual compounds exhibited antimicrobial activity but lower than the vapors produced during thermal aerosol generation process suggesting the antimicrobial activity of the vapors is likely a synergistic activity of multiple components of the vapors.
文摘This paper presents an analysis of the effect of two synthetic antioxidants on the vaporization processes of coconut and linseed oils for fuel use. Several studies agree on the effectiveness of synthetic or natural antioxidants against the polymerization of vegetable oils. The principle of action of the latter is to increase the rate of vaporization, to the detriment of polymer formation. The droplet suspension technique where a fiber is used to hold a stationary droplet has been used. The vaporization was conducted within a closed chamber under ambient pressure conditions in an inert and oxidizing environment at temperatures of 703 K. The method involves monitoring the projected surface area of vegetable oil droplet blended with antioxidants. The projected area (mm2) of the droplet during the vaporization process as a function of time (s) has been used to determine the vaporization coefficient, or the residue formation rate. The main findings are that the two antioxidants used at 200 ppm and 500 ppm have no influence on the vaporization of saturated oils like coconut, while on unsaturated oils like linseed the two antioxidants appear to reduce slightly the deposition of residues which are identified as polymers and increase slightly vaporization rate. In practice, antioxidants could be used as additives in vegetable oils to facilitate their combustion in diesel engines, representing a potential solution for improving combustion efficiency. To enhance the reliability of the findings, it would be advisable to increase the number of antioxidants and extend the study to encompass a wider range of vegetable oils.
文摘This study presents a contribution to the development of a model for vegetable oil droplets vaporization, with a particular focus on the influence of the experimental set-up for their use as fuel in diesel engines. Two systems were considered: an open-environment system obtained through a hot gas flow, and a closed-environment system. Vaporization was conducted under identical conditions, with the results subsequently compared. The findings indicate that, for temperatures between 473 K and 673 K, droplets behaviour in both systems presents only a heating and expansion phase. For temperatures above 673 K, the behaviour of the droplets differs between the devices. In the open environment device, a linear reduction in droplets diameter is observed following the transient phase, suggesting stationary vaporization and enabling the calculation of a vaporization constant and the well-known D2 law is respected. In the closed-environment device, puffing, micro-explosions and gas ejections are observed, and it is not possible to determine vaporization constant and D2 law is not respected. The results demonstrate the necessity of developing a model for the thermal decomposition of vegetable oil before attempting to create a model for the vaporization of these oils. In order to achieve this, it is essential to construct an experimental setup that more closely emulates the real conditions within the combustion chamber of a diesel engine, taking into account the variables of pressure, temperature and the heating process.
基金the University of Cartagena for funding through the Strengthening Project Acta 048-2023.
文摘The extensive use of polymeric materials in single-use packaging has driven the need to develop biodegradable alternatives.This study investigates the incorporation of graphene oxide(GO)and Moringa oleifera seed oil(MOSO)into a gelatin matrix to create polymer films and evaluate their potential as active packaging materials.The properties of these films were evaluated using structural,thermal,mechanical,optical,and physicochemical methods to determine their suitability for food packaging applications.The results showed that GO and MOSO were homogeneously dispersed in the gelatin matrix,forming colloidal particles(around 5μm in diameter).The addition of GO increased opacity by approximately 20 times the base value while MOSO affected light transmittance without impacting opacity.Mechanical properties were affected differently,GO acted as a crosslinking agent reducing elongation and increasing tensile strength at break,on the other hand MOSO acted as a plasticizer,making films more plastic increasing elongation a 30%.These effects counteracted each other,and similar behavior was recorded in differential scanning calorimetry.The films exhibited an improved water vapor resistance,which is crucial for food packaging.These findings indicate that the incorporation of GO and MOSO into a gelatin matrix may produce biodegradable polymer films with enhanced properties,suitable for active packaging in the food industry.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41872124,1972132,42072174,41730421,and 41972132)the Open Foundation of provincial and ministerial Key Laboratory of China University of Geosciences(Beijing)(Grant No.20210104)。
文摘A new method is proposed to analyze the pore-scale mechanisms and characterization of light oil storage in shale nanopores,which is based on the Hydrocarbon Vapor Adsorption(HVA)and Pore Calculation Model(PCM).First,the basic principle of the HVA-PCM method is introduced,and the experimental/mathematical analysis processes are given.Then,the HVA-PCM method is applied to shale samples to analyze the mechanisms and characterization of light oil storage in shale nanopores.The results provide insights into the pore-scale oil storage mechanisms,oil storage structure,oil film thickness,oil distribution within different sized pores,and the oil storage state.Finally,the advantages and limitations of the HVA-PCM method are discussed,and suggestions for further improvement are proposed.Overall,the HVA-PCM method is a powerful tool for extracting quantitative information on the light oil storage in shale nanopores.
基金Supported by the National Science&Technology Pillar Program(2012BAC24B03)
文摘By means of experiments of C02 miscibility with crude oil, four nonpolar chemicals were evaluated in order to enhance the miscibility of C02 with crude oil. Through pre-slug injection and joint injection of toluene in CO2, crude oil displacement experiments in the slim-tube were conducted to investigate effects of the toluene- enhanced C02 flooding under simulated subterranean reservoir conditions. Experimental results showed that toluene can enhance extraction of oil into C02 and dissolution of C02 into oil with the increment of 251% and 64% respectively. Addition of toluene can obviously improve the oil recovery in either pre-slug injection or joint injection, and the crude oil recovery increased with the increase of the toluene concentration. The oil recov- ery can increase by 22.5% in pre-slug injection with the high toluene concentration. Pre-slug injection was recom- mended because it can consume less toluene than joint injection. This work could be useful to development and application of the CO） flooding in the oil recoverv as well as CO2 emission reduction.
基金Supported by Key Natural Science Research Project of Higher Learning Institutions in Anhui Province in 2018(KJ2018A0884)the Natural Science Research Program of Anhui Colleges and Universities in 2017(KJ2017A772)
文摘[Objectives]To optimize volatile oil extraction from Ocimum basilicum with the water vapor distillation.[Methods]An orthogonal design was carried out to determine the volume of volatile oil by 3 factors:the immersion time,distillation time,amount of water.The ratio of the oil in inclusion complex was used to evaluate the technology based on the orthogonal design.[Results]The best volatile oil extraction condition was to add 400 mL of water into the mixture of crude drugs,and to extract the herbal medicine for 2 h with advanced soaking for 6 h with water.[Conclusions]The process is stable,reasonable,and feasible.
