As the main link of ground engineering,crude oil gathering and transportation systems require huge energy consumption and complex structures.It is necessary to establish an energy efficiency evaluation system for crud...As the main link of ground engineering,crude oil gathering and transportation systems require huge energy consumption and complex structures.It is necessary to establish an energy efficiency evaluation system for crude oil gathering and transportation systems and identify the energy efficiency gaps.In this paper,the energy efficiency evaluation system of the crude oil gathering and transportation system in an oilfield in western China is established.Combined with the big data analysis method,the GA-BP neural network is used to establish the energy efficiency index prediction model for crude oil gathering and transportation systems.The comprehensive energy consumption,gas consumption,power consumption,energy utilization rate,heat utilization rate,and power utilization rate of crude oil gathering and transportation systems are predicted.Considering the efficiency and unit consumption index of the crude oil gathering and transportation system,the energy efficiency evaluation system of the crude oil gathering and transportation system is established based on a game theory combined weighting method and TOPSIS evaluation method,and the subjective weight is determined by the triangular fuzzy analytic hierarchy process.The entropy weight method determines the objective weight,and the combined weight of game theory combines subjectivity with objectivity to comprehensively evaluate the comprehensive energy efficiency of crude oil gathering and transportation systems and their subsystems.Finally,the weak links in energy utilization are identified,and energy conservation and consumption reduction are improved.The above research provides technical support for the green,efficient and intelligent development of crude oil gathering and transportation systems.展开更多
In order to ensure the safety of the non-heating gathering and transportation processes for high water fraction crude oil,the effect of temperature,water fraction,and flow rate on the flow characteristics of crude oil...In order to ensure the safety of the non-heating gathering and transportation processes for high water fraction crude oil,the effect of temperature,water fraction,and flow rate on the flow characteristics of crude oil with high water fraction was studied in a flow experimental system of the X Oilfield.Four distinct flow patterns were identified by the photographic and local sampling techniques.Especially,three new flow patterns were found to occur below the pour point of crude oil,including EW/O&W stratified flow with gel deposition,EW/O&W intermittent flow with gel deposition,and water single-phase flow with gel deposition.Moreover,two characteristic temperatures,at which the change rate of pressure drop had changed obviously,were found during the change of pressure drop.The characteristic temperature of the first congestion of gel deposition in the pipeline was determined to be the safe temperature for the non-heating gathering and transportation of high water cut crude oil,while the pressure drop reached the peak at this temperature.An empirical formula for the safe temperature was established for oil-water flow with high water fraction/low fluid production rate.The results can serve as a guide for the safe operation of the non-heating gathering and transportation of crude oil in high water fraction oilfields.展开更多
In the process of petroleum production, the oil field gathering system is the main part of energy consumption. With the development of crude oil exploitation, the content of produced water increases gradually, which i...In the process of petroleum production, the oil field gathering system is the main part of energy consumption. With the development of crude oil exploitation, the content of produced water increases gradually, which increases the comprehensive energy consumption in the process of gathering and transportation. Based on the oilfield gathering system based on actual operational data, the energy analysis system was established the black box model and grey box model, and using the heat balance analysis method on the basis of the first law of thermodynamics and on the basis of the second law of thermodynamics balance analysis method, respectively, from the system can use the quantity and quality, and the two aspects, analyses the condition of joint station system can use. The weak link of the system energy consumption is determined and the optimization scheme is put forward.展开更多
Corrosion is caused to oil and gas gathering and transferring pipelines due to corrosivity of oil and gas during transferring as well as influences on pipelines caused by soils and atmospheres, leading to accidents su...Corrosion is caused to oil and gas gathering and transferring pipelines due to corrosivity of oil and gas during transferring as well as influences on pipelines caused by soils and atmospheres, leading to accidents such as leakage or fire disasters of pipelines during transferring. Therefore, a series of analysis and discussion on corrosion of oil and gas gathering and transferring pipelines and measures adopted for anti-corrosion are conducted in the article. Firstly, it explains the factors that lead to corrosion of oil and gas gathering and transferring pipelines;it then elaborates the measures adopted for anti-corrosion of oil and gas gathering and transferring pipelines.展开更多
The most economical way to overcome flow assurance problems associated with transportation of heavy crude oil through offshore pipelines is by emulsifying it with water in the presence of a suitable surfactant.In this...The most economical way to overcome flow assurance problems associated with transportation of heavy crude oil through offshore pipelines is by emulsifying it with water in the presence of a suitable surfactant.In this research,a novel surfactant,tri-triethanolamine monosunflower ester,was synthesized in the laboratory by extracting fatty acids present in sunflower（Helianthus annuus）oil.Synthesized surfactant was used to prepare oil-in-water emulsions of a heavy crude oil from the western oil field of India.After emulsification,a dramatic decrease in pour point as well as viscosity was observed.All the prepared emulsions were found to be flowing even at 1°C.The emulsion developed with 60%oil content and 2wt%surfactant showed a decrease in viscosity of 96%.The stability of the emulsion was investigated at different temperatures,and it was found to be highly stable.The effectiveness of surfactant in emulsifying the heavy oil in water was investigated by measuring the equilibrium interfacial tension（IFT）between the crude oil（diluted）and the aqueous phase along with zeta potential of emulsions.2wt%surfactant decreased IFT by almost nine times that of no surfactant.These results suggested that the synthesized surfactant may be used to prepare a stable oil-in-water emulsion for its transportation through offshore pipelines efficiently.展开更多
In this paper, the hydraulic characteristics of the fracture-karst aquifer and the distribution patterns of petrochemical contaminants are studied. Then, a numerical model using the mixed Eulerian-Lagrangian approach ...In this paper, the hydraulic characteristics of the fracture-karst aquifer and the distribution patterns of petrochemical contaminants are studied. Then, a numerical model using the mixed Eulerian-Lagrangian approach is constructed to predict the distribution and transport of petrochemical compounds in groundwater. The results of numerical modelling and sensitivity analysis show that it may be a workable way for aquifer remediation to combine contamination sources control and capture zone establishment.展开更多
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)are one of the most important groups in oil,and re sponsible for major toxic and/or carcinogenic impact on humans and wildlife.It is important to understand the behavior of PAHs i...Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)are one of the most important groups in oil,and re sponsible for major toxic and/or carcinogenic impact on humans and wildlife.It is important to understand the behavior of PAHs in marine environment after an oil-spill incident.However,interaction between petroleum PAHs and microbial communities in a marine environment remains unclear.Therefore,a series of mesocosm experiments were conducted.in which water-accommodated fraction(WAF)of oil was generated to simulate an oil-spill scenario and to analyze the transport and behavior of marine oil spill containing PAHs with and without dispersants.Results indicate that the application of dispersant could increase the concentration of total PAHs in water column due mainly to significant increase in the concentration of highmolecular weight(HMW)PAHs at a lower removal rate.At the end of the 7-day experiment,significant amount of HMW PAHs were accumulated in sediment.In general,the application of dispersant did not increase the sediment uptake of PAHs but increased the PAHs concentration in water column.展开更多
TiO2 semiconductive nanoparticles are added into mineral and ester based transformer oil to form semiconductive nanofluids (SNFs) with the aim of enhancing the oil’s insulating performance. Charge accumulation and de...TiO2 semiconductive nanoparticles are added into mineral and ester based transformer oil to form semiconductive nanofluids (SNFs) with the aim of enhancing the oil’s insulating performance. Charge accumulation and decay characteristics of both pure oils and SNFs are measured by pulse electroacoustic (PEA) technique. The result reveals that compared with pure oil, SNFs have more uniform in- ternal electric fields with voltage applied and higher charge decay rate after removing the applied voltage. This is caused by the increase of shallow trap density in SNFs, due to the test results of thermally stimulated current (TSC). It is proposed that the electron trapping and de-trapping processes in shallow traps could be the main charge transport processes in the nanofluid transformer oil.展开更多
Presented is an experimental study on the performance of an oil-gas multiphase transportation system, especially on the multiphase flow patterns, multiphase pumping and multiphase metering of the system. A dynamic sim...Presented is an experimental study on the performance of an oil-gas multiphase transportation system, especially on the multiphase flow patterns, multiphase pumping and multiphase metering of the system. A dynamic simulation analysis is conducted to deduce simulation parameters of the system and similarity criteria under simplified conditions are obtained. The reliability and feasibility of two-phase flow experiment with oil and natural gas simulated by water and air are discussed by using the similarity criteria.展开更多
A method to generate fractures with rough surfaces was proposed according to the fractal interpolation theory.Considering the particle-particle,particle-wall and particle-fluid interactions,a proppant-fracturing fluid...A method to generate fractures with rough surfaces was proposed according to the fractal interpolation theory.Considering the particle-particle,particle-wall and particle-fluid interactions,a proppant-fracturing fluid two-phase flow model based on computational fluid dynamics(CFD)-discrete element method(DEM)coupling was established.The simulation results were verified with relevant experimental data.It was proved that the model can match transport and accumulation of proppants in rough fractures well.Several cases of numerical simulations were carried out.Compared with proppant transport in smooth flat fractures,bulge on the rough fracture wall affects transport and settlement of proppants significantly in proppant transportation in rough fractures.The higher the roughness of fracture,the faster the settlement of proppant particles near the fracture inlet,the shorter the horizontal transport distance,and the more likely to accumulate near the fracture inlet to form a sand plugging in a short time.Fracture wall roughness could control the migration path of fracturing fluid to a certain degree and change the path of proppant filling in the fracture.On the one hand,the rough wall bulge raises the proppant transport path and the proppants flow out of the fracture,reducing the proppant sweep area.On the other hand,the sand-carrying fluid is prone to change flow direction near the contact point of bulge,thus expanding the proppant sweep area.展开更多
As China in the decades ahead is to go through significant reorganization in the power sector and the petrochemical industry will see considerable growth,the transportation infrastructure for petroleum and gas should ...As China in the decades ahead is to go through significant reorganization in the power sector and the petrochemical industry will see considerable growth,the transportation infrastructure for petroleum and gas should have a new shape. Implementing the largest infrastructure projects and creating on this basis a modern transportation network will not only see a new reincarnation of traditional industrial centers, but also open wider opportunities for regional development.展开更多
In recent years, our country is increasingly dependent on the use of the oil resources, and the degree of the oil mining is also continuously upgrading. After the completion of the tasks related to the oil mining in t...In recent years, our country is increasingly dependent on the use of the oil resources, and the degree of the oil mining is also continuously upgrading. After the completion of the tasks related to the oil mining in the lands, the technologies for the development of the offshore oil mining are particularly important. Among these problems, after the exploitation, the storage and transportation of the offshore oil and gas is worthy of the discussion of the technical personnel. From the experience of the oil and gas storage and transportation in the long years, in some environmentally degraded areas, there are problems in the efficiency and safety in the long pipeline transportation and the oil and gas mixed transportation, and in the transportation, there are also big shortcomings. In this paper, the author carries on the analysis of the existing questions encountering in our country＇s oil and gas storage and transportation~ and proposes the direction of the researches in the future oil and gas storage and transportation, and the purpose is to better improve the security of Cbina＇s oil and gas storage and transportation and to enhance the efficiency of the use of the oil and gas.展开更多
In the process of the constant development of the oil and gas storage and transportation technology, the maintenance of the large pipelines is an important task. At present, China vigorously promotes the use of the pi...In the process of the constant development of the oil and gas storage and transportation technology, the maintenance of the large pipelines is an important task. At present, China vigorously promotes the use of the pipeline robots, for the maintenance of the oil and gas pipelines by the unique characteristics of the robots. In this paper, the author carries out the detailed analysis on the current situation of the development of the pipeline robots in the oil and gas storage and transportation industry, and compares the different applications of the pipeline robots at home and abroad. Starting from the principles of the operation of the robots, the author analyzes the characteristics of the different types of the robots, and combined with the existing conditions of the oil and gas storage and transportation in our country, the author tries to find the most favorable way of the working of the pipeline robots, to continuously improve the development of the oil and gas storage and transportation industry using the robot technologies.展开更多
Oil and gas transportation facilities are important for a country to secure an energy supply and maintain social stability and economic development.Social capitals in China are now encouraged by the government to inve...Oil and gas transportation facilities are important for a country to secure an energy supply and maintain social stability and economic development.Social capitals in China are now encouraged by the government to invest in the construction of oil and gas infrastructures in the country.With China's growing economy and new reforms in the oil and gas sector,more opportunities are available for private companies seeking to get involved in energy infrastructure.It is estimated that the future market of energy infrastructure projects in China is valued at nearly RMB 2 trillion.This paper is trying to offer some clues regarding investment in energy infrastructure in China by giving a brief introduction to the current situation of CNPC's oil and gas infrastructure construction.展开更多
Fine-grained sediments are widely distributed and constitute the most abundant component in sedi-mentary systems,thus the research on their genesis and distribution is of great significance.In recent years,fine-graine...Fine-grained sediments are widely distributed and constitute the most abundant component in sedi-mentary systems,thus the research on their genesis and distribution is of great significance.In recent years,fine-grained sediment gravity-flows(FGSGF)have been recognized as an important transportation and depositional mechanism for accumulating thick successions of fine-grained sediments.Through a comprehensive review and synthesis of global research on FGSGF deposition,the characteristics,depositional mechanisms,and distribution patterns of fine-grained sediment gravity-flow deposits(FGSGFD)are discussed,and future research prospects are clarified.In addition to the traditionally recognized low-density turbidity current and muddy debris flow,wave-enhanced gravity flow,low-density muddy hyperpycnal flow,and hypopycnal plumes can all form widely distributed FGSGFD.At the same time,the evolution of FGSGF during transportation can result in transitional and hybrid gravity-flow deposits.The combination of multiple triggering mechanisms promotes the widespread develop-ment of FGSGFD,without temporal and spatial limitations.Different types and concentrations of clay minerals,organic matters,and organo-clay complexes are the keys to controlling the flow transformation of FGSGF from low-concentration turbidity currents to high-concentration muddy debris flows.Further study is needed on the interaction mechanism of FGSGF caused by different initiations,the evolution of FGSGF with the effect of organic-inorganic synergy,and the controlling factors of the distribution pat-terns of FGSGFD.The study of FGSGFD can shed some new light on the formation of widely developed thin-bedded siltstones within shales.At the same time,these insights may broaden the exploration scope of shale oil and gas,which have important geological significances for unconventional shale oil and gas.展开更多
In the process of economic development, the development of energy-rich countries is always faster than that of energy-poor countries. In recent years, with the increase in demand for resources, the demand for crude oi...In the process of economic development, the development of energy-rich countries is always faster than that of energy-poor countries. In recent years, with the increase in demand for resources, the demand for crude oil as a raw material for refining and chemical industry is also increasing. With the development in recent years, the production of domestic crude oil in our country has gradually failed to meet the demand for processing. At the same time, imported crude oil has the advantages of good oil quality and low price. A large amount of imported crude oil corresponds to the task of crude oil transportation ashore at the wharf. Among these, long-distance pipelines play an important role in transportation due to their large transportation capacity and low cost.展开更多
At present, oil and gas as the basic energy, all kinds of social industry development are closely related to it. Oil and gas transportation is related to the lifeline and economic benefits of the country, as well as t...At present, oil and gas as the basic energy, all kinds of social industry development are closely related to it. Oil and gas transportation is related to the lifeline and economic benefits of the country, as well as the stable development of the society. Oil and gas transportation quality assurance is the key to social and economic development and enterprise economic development. The pipeline storage and transportation work must attract the attention of relevant personnel, and especially the transportation safety will have a decisive impact on the safety of the use of oil and natural gas. At present, the safety assurance technology of oil and gas pipelines and storage and transportation facilities cannot fully meet the needs of social development, which requires further improvement and optimization.展开更多
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52074089 and 52104064)Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(LH2019E019).
文摘As the main link of ground engineering,crude oil gathering and transportation systems require huge energy consumption and complex structures.It is necessary to establish an energy efficiency evaluation system for crude oil gathering and transportation systems and identify the energy efficiency gaps.In this paper,the energy efficiency evaluation system of the crude oil gathering and transportation system in an oilfield in western China is established.Combined with the big data analysis method,the GA-BP neural network is used to establish the energy efficiency index prediction model for crude oil gathering and transportation systems.The comprehensive energy consumption,gas consumption,power consumption,energy utilization rate,heat utilization rate,and power utilization rate of crude oil gathering and transportation systems are predicted.Considering the efficiency and unit consumption index of the crude oil gathering and transportation system,the energy efficiency evaluation system of the crude oil gathering and transportation system is established based on a game theory combined weighting method and TOPSIS evaluation method,and the subjective weight is determined by the triangular fuzzy analytic hierarchy process.The entropy weight method determines the objective weight,and the combined weight of game theory combines subjectivity with objectivity to comprehensively evaluate the comprehensive energy efficiency of crude oil gathering and transportation systems and their subsystems.Finally,the weak links in energy utilization are identified,and energy conservation and consumption reduction are improved.The above research provides technical support for the green,efficient and intelligent development of crude oil gathering and transportation systems.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.51674281)the Opening Fund of Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil&Gas Storage (Study on low temperature flow characteristics of oil and water in gathering pipeline)the Transportation Safety and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘In order to ensure the safety of the non-heating gathering and transportation processes for high water fraction crude oil,the effect of temperature,water fraction,and flow rate on the flow characteristics of crude oil with high water fraction was studied in a flow experimental system of the X Oilfield.Four distinct flow patterns were identified by the photographic and local sampling techniques.Especially,three new flow patterns were found to occur below the pour point of crude oil,including EW/O&W stratified flow with gel deposition,EW/O&W intermittent flow with gel deposition,and water single-phase flow with gel deposition.Moreover,two characteristic temperatures,at which the change rate of pressure drop had changed obviously,were found during the change of pressure drop.The characteristic temperature of the first congestion of gel deposition in the pipeline was determined to be the safe temperature for the non-heating gathering and transportation of high water cut crude oil,while the pressure drop reached the peak at this temperature.An empirical formula for the safe temperature was established for oil-water flow with high water fraction/low fluid production rate.The results can serve as a guide for the safe operation of the non-heating gathering and transportation of crude oil in high water fraction oilfields.
文摘In the process of petroleum production, the oil field gathering system is the main part of energy consumption. With the development of crude oil exploitation, the content of produced water increases gradually, which increases the comprehensive energy consumption in the process of gathering and transportation. Based on the oilfield gathering system based on actual operational data, the energy analysis system was established the black box model and grey box model, and using the heat balance analysis method on the basis of the first law of thermodynamics and on the basis of the second law of thermodynamics balance analysis method, respectively, from the system can use the quantity and quality, and the two aspects, analyses the condition of joint station system can use. The weak link of the system energy consumption is determined and the optimization scheme is put forward.
文摘Corrosion is caused to oil and gas gathering and transferring pipelines due to corrosivity of oil and gas during transferring as well as influences on pipelines caused by soils and atmospheres, leading to accidents such as leakage or fire disasters of pipelines during transferring. Therefore, a series of analysis and discussion on corrosion of oil and gas gathering and transferring pipelines and measures adopted for anti-corrosion are conducted in the article. Firstly, it explains the factors that lead to corrosion of oil and gas gathering and transferring pipelines;it then elaborates the measures adopted for anti-corrosion of oil and gas gathering and transferring pipelines.
基金the Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad for providing necessary laboratory facilities and financial support
文摘The most economical way to overcome flow assurance problems associated with transportation of heavy crude oil through offshore pipelines is by emulsifying it with water in the presence of a suitable surfactant.In this research,a novel surfactant,tri-triethanolamine monosunflower ester,was synthesized in the laboratory by extracting fatty acids present in sunflower（Helianthus annuus）oil.Synthesized surfactant was used to prepare oil-in-water emulsions of a heavy crude oil from the western oil field of India.After emulsification,a dramatic decrease in pour point as well as viscosity was observed.All the prepared emulsions were found to be flowing even at 1°C.The emulsion developed with 60%oil content and 2wt%surfactant showed a decrease in viscosity of 96%.The stability of the emulsion was investigated at different temperatures,and it was found to be highly stable.The effectiveness of surfactant in emulsifying the heavy oil in water was investigated by measuring the equilibrium interfacial tension（IFT）between the crude oil（diluted）and the aqueous phase along with zeta potential of emulsions.2wt%surfactant decreased IFT by almost nine times that of no surfactant.These results suggested that the synthesized surfactant may be used to prepare a stable oil-in-water emulsion for its transportation through offshore pipelines efficiently.
基金This research project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grants 49772162 and 40002022)the Doctoral Foundation of China(grant 1999028421).
文摘In this paper, the hydraulic characteristics of the fracture-karst aquifer and the distribution patterns of petrochemical contaminants are studied. Then, a numerical model using the mixed Eulerian-Lagrangian approach is constructed to predict the distribution and transport of petrochemical compounds in groundwater. The results of numerical modelling and sensitivity analysis show that it may be a workable way for aquifer remediation to combine contamination sources control and capture zone establishment.
文摘Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)are one of the most important groups in oil,and re sponsible for major toxic and/or carcinogenic impact on humans and wildlife.It is important to understand the behavior of PAHs in marine environment after an oil-spill incident.However,interaction between petroleum PAHs and microbial communities in a marine environment remains unclear.Therefore,a series of mesocosm experiments were conducted.in which water-accommodated fraction(WAF)of oil was generated to simulate an oil-spill scenario and to analyze the transport and behavior of marine oil spill containing PAHs with and without dispersants.Results indicate that the application of dispersant could increase the concentration of total PAHs in water column due mainly to significant increase in the concentration of highmolecular weight(HMW)PAHs at a lower removal rate.At the end of the 7-day experiment,significant amount of HMW PAHs were accumulated in sediment.In general,the application of dispersant did not increase the sediment uptake of PAHs but increased the PAHs concentration in water column.
基金Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China （51077050）, Chinese Universities Scientific Fund.
文摘TiO2 semiconductive nanoparticles are added into mineral and ester based transformer oil to form semiconductive nanofluids (SNFs) with the aim of enhancing the oil’s insulating performance. Charge accumulation and decay characteristics of both pure oils and SNFs are measured by pulse electroacoustic (PEA) technique. The result reveals that compared with pure oil, SNFs have more uniform in- ternal electric fields with voltage applied and higher charge decay rate after removing the applied voltage. This is caused by the increase of shallow trap density in SNFs, due to the test results of thermally stimulated current (TSC). It is proposed that the electron trapping and de-trapping processes in shallow traps could be the main charge transport processes in the nanofluid transformer oil.
基金9~(th) 5-year plan key project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KZ951-A1-405),NSFC(59476041)National 863 High Technology Youth Foundation(820-Q-013)
文摘Presented is an experimental study on the performance of an oil-gas multiphase transportation system, especially on the multiphase flow patterns, multiphase pumping and multiphase metering of the system. A dynamic simulation analysis is conducted to deduce simulation parameters of the system and similarity criteria under simplified conditions are obtained. The reliability and feasibility of two-phase flow experiment with oil and natural gas simulated by water and air are discussed by using the similarity criteria.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52274020,U21B2069,52288101)General Program of the Shandong Natural Science Foundation(ZR2020ME095)National Key Research and Development Program(2021YFC2800803).
文摘A method to generate fractures with rough surfaces was proposed according to the fractal interpolation theory.Considering the particle-particle,particle-wall and particle-fluid interactions,a proppant-fracturing fluid two-phase flow model based on computational fluid dynamics(CFD)-discrete element method(DEM)coupling was established.The simulation results were verified with relevant experimental data.It was proved that the model can match transport and accumulation of proppants in rough fractures well.Several cases of numerical simulations were carried out.Compared with proppant transport in smooth flat fractures,bulge on the rough fracture wall affects transport and settlement of proppants significantly in proppant transportation in rough fractures.The higher the roughness of fracture,the faster the settlement of proppant particles near the fracture inlet,the shorter the horizontal transport distance,and the more likely to accumulate near the fracture inlet to form a sand plugging in a short time.Fracture wall roughness could control the migration path of fracturing fluid to a certain degree and change the path of proppant filling in the fracture.On the one hand,the rough wall bulge raises the proppant transport path and the proppants flow out of the fracture,reducing the proppant sweep area.On the other hand,the sand-carrying fluid is prone to change flow direction near the contact point of bulge,thus expanding the proppant sweep area.
文摘As China in the decades ahead is to go through significant reorganization in the power sector and the petrochemical industry will see considerable growth,the transportation infrastructure for petroleum and gas should have a new shape. Implementing the largest infrastructure projects and creating on this basis a modern transportation network will not only see a new reincarnation of traditional industrial centers, but also open wider opportunities for regional development.
文摘In recent years, our country is increasingly dependent on the use of the oil resources, and the degree of the oil mining is also continuously upgrading. After the completion of the tasks related to the oil mining in the lands, the technologies for the development of the offshore oil mining are particularly important. Among these problems, after the exploitation, the storage and transportation of the offshore oil and gas is worthy of the discussion of the technical personnel. From the experience of the oil and gas storage and transportation in the long years, in some environmentally degraded areas, there are problems in the efficiency and safety in the long pipeline transportation and the oil and gas mixed transportation, and in the transportation, there are also big shortcomings. In this paper, the author carries on the analysis of the existing questions encountering in our country＇s oil and gas storage and transportation~ and proposes the direction of the researches in the future oil and gas storage and transportation, and the purpose is to better improve the security of Cbina＇s oil and gas storage and transportation and to enhance the efficiency of the use of the oil and gas.
文摘In the process of the constant development of the oil and gas storage and transportation technology, the maintenance of the large pipelines is an important task. At present, China vigorously promotes the use of the pipeline robots, for the maintenance of the oil and gas pipelines by the unique characteristics of the robots. In this paper, the author carries out the detailed analysis on the current situation of the development of the pipeline robots in the oil and gas storage and transportation industry, and compares the different applications of the pipeline robots at home and abroad. Starting from the principles of the operation of the robots, the author analyzes the characteristics of the different types of the robots, and combined with the existing conditions of the oil and gas storage and transportation in our country, the author tries to find the most favorable way of the working of the pipeline robots, to continuously improve the development of the oil and gas storage and transportation industry using the robot technologies.
文摘Oil and gas transportation facilities are important for a country to secure an energy supply and maintain social stability and economic development.Social capitals in China are now encouraged by the government to invest in the construction of oil and gas infrastructures in the country.With China's growing economy and new reforms in the oil and gas sector,more opportunities are available for private companies seeking to get involved in energy infrastructure.It is estimated that the future market of energy infrastructure projects in China is valued at nearly RMB 2 trillion.This paper is trying to offer some clues regarding investment in energy infrastructure in China by giving a brief introduction to the current situation of CNPC's oil and gas infrastructure construction.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42072126,42372139)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(Grant Nos.2022NSFSC0990).
文摘Fine-grained sediments are widely distributed and constitute the most abundant component in sedi-mentary systems,thus the research on their genesis and distribution is of great significance.In recent years,fine-grained sediment gravity-flows(FGSGF)have been recognized as an important transportation and depositional mechanism for accumulating thick successions of fine-grained sediments.Through a comprehensive review and synthesis of global research on FGSGF deposition,the characteristics,depositional mechanisms,and distribution patterns of fine-grained sediment gravity-flow deposits(FGSGFD)are discussed,and future research prospects are clarified.In addition to the traditionally recognized low-density turbidity current and muddy debris flow,wave-enhanced gravity flow,low-density muddy hyperpycnal flow,and hypopycnal plumes can all form widely distributed FGSGFD.At the same time,the evolution of FGSGF during transportation can result in transitional and hybrid gravity-flow deposits.The combination of multiple triggering mechanisms promotes the widespread develop-ment of FGSGFD,without temporal and spatial limitations.Different types and concentrations of clay minerals,organic matters,and organo-clay complexes are the keys to controlling the flow transformation of FGSGF from low-concentration turbidity currents to high-concentration muddy debris flows.Further study is needed on the interaction mechanism of FGSGF caused by different initiations,the evolution of FGSGF with the effect of organic-inorganic synergy,and the controlling factors of the distribution pat-terns of FGSGFD.The study of FGSGFD can shed some new light on the formation of widely developed thin-bedded siltstones within shales.At the same time,these insights may broaden the exploration scope of shale oil and gas,which have important geological significances for unconventional shale oil and gas.
文摘In the process of economic development, the development of energy-rich countries is always faster than that of energy-poor countries. In recent years, with the increase in demand for resources, the demand for crude oil as a raw material for refining and chemical industry is also increasing. With the development in recent years, the production of domestic crude oil in our country has gradually failed to meet the demand for processing. At the same time, imported crude oil has the advantages of good oil quality and low price. A large amount of imported crude oil corresponds to the task of crude oil transportation ashore at the wharf. Among these, long-distance pipelines play an important role in transportation due to their large transportation capacity and low cost.
文摘At present, oil and gas as the basic energy, all kinds of social industry development are closely related to it. Oil and gas transportation is related to the lifeline and economic benefits of the country, as well as the stable development of the society. Oil and gas transportation quality assurance is the key to social and economic development and enterprise economic development. The pipeline storage and transportation work must attract the attention of relevant personnel, and especially the transportation safety will have a decisive impact on the safety of the use of oil and natural gas. At present, the safety assurance technology of oil and gas pipelines and storage and transportation facilities cannot fully meet the needs of social development, which requires further improvement and optimization.
