Oil and gas exploration in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria began some fifty four （54） years ago. Since the early sixties till now, oil from this region of the Nigeria has been the major foreign exchange earner for...Oil and gas exploration in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria began some fifty four （54） years ago. Since the early sixties till now, oil from this region of the Nigeria has been the major foreign exchange earner for the sustenance of the economy. Unfortunate to note is the fact that since oil exploration and exploitation began in the country in the Niger Delta, the region had not been at peace. The region had suffered all forms of environmental degradation resulting from crude oil spillage and gas flares. The peoples＇ source of livelihood has been destabilized thereby leading to high rate of poverty, social crises/conflict and involuntary migration of people for both security and succour. The people of the region are thus in severe pains and risk of extermination should the present trend of environmental degradation and negligence persist. Thus, this paper addresses the plight of the Niger Delta as a case study of the effect of environmental degradation on human vulnerability. It is believed that continuous existence of the Niger Delta people as a social sect is dependent on how prompt efforts are made to combat the environment nuisance in the region.展开更多
Safety production management is more important than Mount Tai. In the process of oil exploitation, safety accidents will not only threaten employees lives, but also have adverse effects on oil exploitation. In order t...Safety production management is more important than Mount Tai. In the process of oil exploitation, safety accidents will not only threaten employees lives, but also have adverse effects on oil exploitation. In order to further improve their own development ability in todays era, oil mining enterprises must pay more attention to safety management, integrate safety management concepts into the details of daily work, adhere to the principle of people-oriented and safety first, and formulate plans for potential risks in the production process, so as to deal with unsafe situations in time and effectively.展开更多
The Daqing lakes are located in the region with sub-humid continent al monsoon climate. Through historical comparison of the environment before and after oil field exploitation in the area, the paper analyses the impa...The Daqing lakes are located in the region with sub-humid continent al monsoon climate. Through historical comparison of the environment before and after oil field exploitation in the area, the paper analyses the impact of oil f ield exploitation on the eco-environment of the lakes, including the impact of diversion works, drainage works, exploitation and utilization of groundwater, dr opped crude oil and petrochemical wastewater on the lakes water body. The analys is shows that oil field exploitation caused serious pollution to soil in the lak es area and deterioration of the eco-environment. The impact became more eviden t with passage of time, and the intensity varied with areas, getting more seriou s from west to east, which meant that the eastern part of the lakes were influen ced much more seriously by the human activities. To improve the eco-environment of the Daqing lakes and make them sustainable utilization, the effective protec tion measures should be taken.展开更多
This study employs experimental and analytical methods to quantitatively investigate the nonlinear geomechanical and physicochemical processes of multiphase and high-stress coal-bearing rock masses and non-equilibrium...This study employs experimental and analytical methods to quantitatively investigate the nonlinear geomechanical and physicochemical processes of multiphase and high-stress coal-bearing rock masses and non-equilibrium geological materials,as well as their interactions.The research encompasses following aspects,i.e.1)the relationship between volatile matter yield,geological age,and distance from magmatic deposits in Kuzbass coalfield;2)the impact of physicochemical property bifurcations on coal and gas outbursts;3)the variation law of coalbed methane content with burial depth;4)the relaxation energy of gas content;5)the specific surface area of coal;6)the relationship between heat release and deformation waves of Kuzbass coal samples of different orders under uniaxial compression;7)the gas outbursts in different mines in Kuzbass;8)the relationship between seismic energy and gas outburst concentration in coal mines;9)the influence of piston mechanism;10)the connection operation between Langmuir equation and Oparin equation;and 11)the equation of motion for structural media.The research results have created a prerequisite for establishing a unified theory of the interaction between nonlinear geomechanics and physicochemical processes in rock masses,which is of great significance for the safe development and utilization of underground resources.展开更多
Oil production related activities have led to many environmental problems.Around 80%of the total output of crude oil is generated from terrestrial oilfields in the world.However,the impact of oil exploitation procedur...Oil production related activities have led to many environmental problems.Around 80%of the total output of crude oil is generated from terrestrial oilfields in the world.However,the impact of oil exploitation procedures on soil animal communities has not been fully understood.This study investigated the responses of soil nematode communities to the oil exploitation activities in the Yellow River Delta of China.By setting 10 oilfield sites and 5 relatively uncontaminated sites(controls),we found that the content of soil total petroleum hydrocarbons(TPH)was significantly higher at oilfield sites than at controls.With a longer oil exploitation history,the content of soil TPH increased.Soil nematode community structure at oilfield sites was largely different from that at controls.Soil nematodes were significantly less abundant but more diverse at oilfield sites than at controls.The proportions of fungal feeders were significantly lower at oilfield sites than at controls,attaining only half of those at controls.The nematode trophic diversity and genus number negatively correlated with the duration of petroleum exploitation history.This study elucidated the difference in soil nematode communities caused by oilfield exploitation and indicated that the nematode diversity was most obviously influenced by the soil TPH content and the oil exploitation history.展开更多
Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))is one of the main factors contributing to the greenhouse effect.The dependence on fossil fuels has led to increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere every year.And it is far from enou...Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))is one of the main factors contributing to the greenhouse effect.The dependence on fossil fuels has led to increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere every year.And it is far from enough to solve the climate problem by reducing the consumption of fossil fuels to cut down carbon dioxide emissions.In recent years,a series of researches on Carbon Capture,Utilization and Storage(CCUS)have been carried out in various countries around the world.CO_(2) is a nontoxic,tasteless and stable gas at normal temperature.However,when it reaches supercritical state after rising temperature and pressure,it has the characteristics of low viscosity,high diffusivity and high density,and is widely used in green,pollution-free and efficient development technology.Because of these unique properties,supercritical carbon dioxide(sCO_(2))has attracted more and more attention from researchers.sCO_(2) has been widely used in many aspects by virtue of its high solubility and easy compression.Different from previous reviews which only introduced the application of sCO_(2) property,this paper introduces the current research status of the application of the thermodynamic property of carbon dioxide in extraction,dyeing,pharmaceutical,power generation,heat transfer and exploitation of unconventional oil and gas,and mainly analyzes each application in detail from the aspects of working mechanism and improving working efficiency.Finally,the research direction and problems needed to be solved for the application of CO_(2) thermal physics are proposed,which pave the way for other new applications.展开更多
文摘Oil and gas exploration in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria began some fifty four （54） years ago. Since the early sixties till now, oil from this region of the Nigeria has been the major foreign exchange earner for the sustenance of the economy. Unfortunate to note is the fact that since oil exploration and exploitation began in the country in the Niger Delta, the region had not been at peace. The region had suffered all forms of environmental degradation resulting from crude oil spillage and gas flares. The peoples＇ source of livelihood has been destabilized thereby leading to high rate of poverty, social crises/conflict and involuntary migration of people for both security and succour. The people of the region are thus in severe pains and risk of extermination should the present trend of environmental degradation and negligence persist. Thus, this paper addresses the plight of the Niger Delta as a case study of the effect of environmental degradation on human vulnerability. It is believed that continuous existence of the Niger Delta people as a social sect is dependent on how prompt efforts are made to combat the environment nuisance in the region.
文摘Safety production management is more important than Mount Tai. In the process of oil exploitation, safety accidents will not only threaten employees lives, but also have adverse effects on oil exploitation. In order to further improve their own development ability in todays era, oil mining enterprises must pay more attention to safety management, integrate safety management concepts into the details of daily work, adhere to the principle of people-oriented and safety first, and formulate plans for potential risks in the production process, so as to deal with unsafe situations in time and effectively.
文摘The Daqing lakes are located in the region with sub-humid continent al monsoon climate. Through historical comparison of the environment before and after oil field exploitation in the area, the paper analyses the impact of oil f ield exploitation on the eco-environment of the lakes, including the impact of diversion works, drainage works, exploitation and utilization of groundwater, dr opped crude oil and petrochemical wastewater on the lakes water body. The analys is shows that oil field exploitation caused serious pollution to soil in the lak es area and deterioration of the eco-environment. The impact became more eviden t with passage of time, and the intensity varied with areas, getting more seriou s from west to east, which meant that the eastern part of the lakes were influen ced much more seriously by the human activities. To improve the eco-environment of the Daqing lakes and make them sustainable utilization, the effective protec tion measures should be taken.
文摘This study employs experimental and analytical methods to quantitatively investigate the nonlinear geomechanical and physicochemical processes of multiphase and high-stress coal-bearing rock masses and non-equilibrium geological materials,as well as their interactions.The research encompasses following aspects,i.e.1)the relationship between volatile matter yield,geological age,and distance from magmatic deposits in Kuzbass coalfield;2)the impact of physicochemical property bifurcations on coal and gas outbursts;3)the variation law of coalbed methane content with burial depth;4)the relaxation energy of gas content;5)the specific surface area of coal;6)the relationship between heat release and deformation waves of Kuzbass coal samples of different orders under uniaxial compression;7)the gas outbursts in different mines in Kuzbass;8)the relationship between seismic energy and gas outburst concentration in coal mines;9)the influence of piston mechanism;10)the connection operation between Langmuir equation and Oparin equation;and 11)the equation of motion for structural media.The research results have created a prerequisite for establishing a unified theory of the interaction between nonlinear geomechanics and physicochemical processes in rock masses,which is of great significance for the safe development and utilization of underground resources.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2006CB403305).
文摘Oil production related activities have led to many environmental problems.Around 80%of the total output of crude oil is generated from terrestrial oilfields in the world.However,the impact of oil exploitation procedures on soil animal communities has not been fully understood.This study investigated the responses of soil nematode communities to the oil exploitation activities in the Yellow River Delta of China.By setting 10 oilfield sites and 5 relatively uncontaminated sites(controls),we found that the content of soil total petroleum hydrocarbons(TPH)was significantly higher at oilfield sites than at controls.With a longer oil exploitation history,the content of soil TPH increased.Soil nematode community structure at oilfield sites was largely different from that at controls.Soil nematodes were significantly less abundant but more diverse at oilfield sites than at controls.The proportions of fungal feeders were significantly lower at oilfield sites than at controls,attaining only half of those at controls.The nematode trophic diversity and genus number negatively correlated with the duration of petroleum exploitation history.This study elucidated the difference in soil nematode communities caused by oilfield exploitation and indicated that the nematode diversity was most obviously influenced by the soil TPH content and the oil exploitation history.
文摘Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))is one of the main factors contributing to the greenhouse effect.The dependence on fossil fuels has led to increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere every year.And it is far from enough to solve the climate problem by reducing the consumption of fossil fuels to cut down carbon dioxide emissions.In recent years,a series of researches on Carbon Capture,Utilization and Storage(CCUS)have been carried out in various countries around the world.CO_(2) is a nontoxic,tasteless and stable gas at normal temperature.However,when it reaches supercritical state after rising temperature and pressure,it has the characteristics of low viscosity,high diffusivity and high density,and is widely used in green,pollution-free and efficient development technology.Because of these unique properties,supercritical carbon dioxide(sCO_(2))has attracted more and more attention from researchers.sCO_(2) has been widely used in many aspects by virtue of its high solubility and easy compression.Different from previous reviews which only introduced the application of sCO_(2) property,this paper introduces the current research status of the application of the thermodynamic property of carbon dioxide in extraction,dyeing,pharmaceutical,power generation,heat transfer and exploitation of unconventional oil and gas,and mainly analyzes each application in detail from the aspects of working mechanism and improving working efficiency.Finally,the research direction and problems needed to be solved for the application of CO_(2) thermal physics are proposed,which pave the way for other new applications.
