Increasing usage of foams in various industry sectors had causing serious disposal problems once it reaches the end of its life-cycle.Herein,PVA-MFC foam was prepared by freeze-drying using polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)and m...Increasing usage of foams in various industry sectors had causing serious disposal problems once it reaches the end of its life-cycle.Herein,PVA-MFC foam was prepared by freeze-drying using polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)and microfibrillated cellulose(MFC)as a reinforced material from sugarcane bagasse(SCB).In this study,the PVA-MFC foam was chemically silylated with Y-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane(MPS)and tetraethoxysilane(TEOS).The wetting ability and mechanical strength of the silylated_(2,20)PVA-MFC foam was greatly enhanced compared with unmodified_(2,20)PVA-MFC foam.The silane chemicals(MPS and TEOS)had been confirmed grafted on_(2,20)PVA-MFC foam due to the presence of Si-C and Si-O-C stretching vibration as showed in Fourier Transform Infrared(FTIR)spectra and cloud-like coating of porous pore was observed in scanning electron microscopy(SEM)images.The silylated_(2,20)PVA-MFC foam(MPS and TEOS)exhibited a series of desirable properties such as lower swelling ratio and high absorption capacity of solvents and oils but had low thermal stability in thermogravimetric(TGA)analysis.The characterization of_(2,20)PVA-MFC foam using TEOS was further investigated.A significant difference in morphology was clearly observed between the unmodified and silylated_(2,20)PVA-MFC-TEOS foam through field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM)images.The X-ray photoelectron(XPS)analysis of silylated_(2,20)PVA-MFC-TEOS foam confirmed the presence of C,O and trace amount of Si elements.These synthesized_(2,20)PVA-MFC foam could be a promising material for broad range of polymer foam applications.展开更多
Laminated continental shale oil reservoirs have the potential for commercial development.In this paper,a new simulation method for interlayer and intra-layer coupled flow in laminated shale reservoirs is established.T...Laminated continental shale oil reservoirs have the potential for commercial development.In this paper,a new simulation method for interlayer and intra-layer coupled flow in laminated shale reservoirs is established.This method simulates the structural characteristics of shale-sandstone longitudinal interlayer distribution by dual-porositysystem,and combines with chemical reaction model to characterize the desorption process of ad-/absorbed oil from kerogen in shale layers.Then,the intra-layer and interlayer interfacial flow mechanism in the depletion process is investigated,and the contribution of interfacial flow and desorption is analyzed.The results indicate that the sandstone layer is the main oil-producing layer,accounting for over 90%of the total oil production.However,the interlayer flow and kerogen desorption in the shale layers make significant contributions,resulting in an enhancement of 13.41%and 42.64%in the total oil production,respectively.Additionally,the desorption of ad-/absorbed oil from kerogen enhances the energy of both the shale and sandstone layers,significantly increasing their production.Moreover,higher pressure drawdown,total organic carbon(TOC)content,desorption rate,and horizontal permeability of sandstone layers are advantageous for the exploitation of shale oil.展开更多
基金support provided by the Ministry of Education of Malaysia under grant FRGS 16-044-0543 and FRGS19-091-0700.
文摘Increasing usage of foams in various industry sectors had causing serious disposal problems once it reaches the end of its life-cycle.Herein,PVA-MFC foam was prepared by freeze-drying using polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)and microfibrillated cellulose(MFC)as a reinforced material from sugarcane bagasse(SCB).In this study,the PVA-MFC foam was chemically silylated with Y-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane(MPS)and tetraethoxysilane(TEOS).The wetting ability and mechanical strength of the silylated_(2,20)PVA-MFC foam was greatly enhanced compared with unmodified_(2,20)PVA-MFC foam.The silane chemicals(MPS and TEOS)had been confirmed grafted on_(2,20)PVA-MFC foam due to the presence of Si-C and Si-O-C stretching vibration as showed in Fourier Transform Infrared(FTIR)spectra and cloud-like coating of porous pore was observed in scanning electron microscopy(SEM)images.The silylated_(2,20)PVA-MFC foam(MPS and TEOS)exhibited a series of desirable properties such as lower swelling ratio and high absorption capacity of solvents and oils but had low thermal stability in thermogravimetric(TGA)analysis.The characterization of_(2,20)PVA-MFC foam using TEOS was further investigated.A significant difference in morphology was clearly observed between the unmodified and silylated_(2,20)PVA-MFC-TEOS foam through field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM)images.The X-ray photoelectron(XPS)analysis of silylated_(2,20)PVA-MFC-TEOS foam confirmed the presence of C,O and trace amount of Si elements.These synthesized_(2,20)PVA-MFC foam could be a promising material for broad range of polymer foam applications.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.42090024).
文摘Laminated continental shale oil reservoirs have the potential for commercial development.In this paper,a new simulation method for interlayer and intra-layer coupled flow in laminated shale reservoirs is established.This method simulates the structural characteristics of shale-sandstone longitudinal interlayer distribution by dual-porositysystem,and combines with chemical reaction model to characterize the desorption process of ad-/absorbed oil from kerogen in shale layers.Then,the intra-layer and interlayer interfacial flow mechanism in the depletion process is investigated,and the contribution of interfacial flow and desorption is analyzed.The results indicate that the sandstone layer is the main oil-producing layer,accounting for over 90%of the total oil production.However,the interlayer flow and kerogen desorption in the shale layers make significant contributions,resulting in an enhancement of 13.41%and 42.64%in the total oil production,respectively.Additionally,the desorption of ad-/absorbed oil from kerogen enhances the energy of both the shale and sandstone layers,significantly increasing their production.Moreover,higher pressure drawdown,total organic carbon(TOC)content,desorption rate,and horizontal permeability of sandstone layers are advantageous for the exploitation of shale oil.
