Background Maternal obesity during pregnancy can lead to increased risk for metabolic disease in offspring during adulthood,helping fuel the worldwide increase in obesity.Fortunately,studies in rodent models have esta...Background Maternal obesity during pregnancy can lead to increased risk for metabolic disease in offspring during adulthood,helping fuel the worldwide increase in obesity.Fortunately,studies in rodent models have established that female dams(F0)that perform voluntary wheel running exercise during pregnancy have first-generation(F1)offspring with improved glucose tolerance,suggesting a potential means to reduce the burden of generational metabolic disease transmission.We have shown that maternal exercise also affects F1 male offspring as sires,as their progeny(F2)have similarly improved metabolic health.Whether maternal exercise can affect F1 females in a manner that improves F2 offspring metabolism is not known.Here,we determined whether voluntary exercise by F0 grandmothers,via their F1 female progeny,produced F2 male and female offspring with an improved metabolic phenotype.Methods Six-week-old C57BL/6 N female mice(F0)were fed a chow diet and either kept sedentary or exercise trained by voluntary wheel running for 2 weeks preconception and during pregnancy.Chow-fed sedentary F1 female offspring at 8 weeks of age were bred with age-matched untreated virgin males to generate F2 offspring.F2 were kept sedentary and chow fed and studied up to 52 weeks of age.Metabolic parameters were assessed,including food intake,body weight,body composition,glucose tolerance,systemic glucose and insulin levels,and liver metabolism.Results Grandmaternal exercise did not significantly alter male and female F2 offspring body weights measured throughout the first year of life,nor was there an effect of grandmaternal exercise on F2 offspring fat mass or lean mass.Remarkably,despite the lack of effect on body weight parameters,grandmaternal exercise resulted in improved glucose tolerance and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)in F2 offspring at 52 weeks of age,effects that were more pronounced in male F2 offspring.Conclusion Voluntary wheel running exercise in female mice during pregnancy leads to metabolic improvements in her grand offspring,despite no direct intervention of the intermediate maternal generation.Maternal physical activity during pregnancy may reduce metabolic diseases in later generations.展开更多
Background Organic acids(OA)and maternal nutritional strategies have been demonstrated to promote piglet health and development.The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of incorporating OA-preserved ...Background Organic acids(OA)and maternal nutritional strategies have been demonstrated to promote piglet health and development.The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of incorporating OA-preserved cereal grains into sow diets during late gestation and lactation,aiming to reduce the metabolic demands of lactation while optimising offspring development and growth until slaughter.The experiment compared OA-preserved wheat and barley to conventionally dried grains,focusing on sow and offspring performance,as well as their faecal microbiota during lactation.Forty sows were blocked based on parity,body weight and back fat thickness on d 100 of gestation and assigned to one of two diets:a dried grain lactation diet and a preserved grain lactation diet.Sow faecal samples were collected at farrowing for the coefficient of apparent total tract digestibility(CATTD)of nutrients and microbial analysis.Offspring faecal samples were collected on d 10 postpartum and at weaning(d 26 postpartum)for microbial analysis.Results Sow body weight,back fat changes,gestation and lactation length,total piglets born,wean-to-oestrus interval,and lactation efficiency were unaffected by sow diet(P>0.05).However,sows offered the preserved grain diet exhibited improved CATTD of dry matter,nitrogen,gross energy,and neutral detergent fibre(P<0.05).While no maternal effect was observed on offspring growth during lactation(P>0.05),pigs from sows offered the preserved grain diet showed improved growth and feed efficiency from weaning until slaughter(d 168)compared to those from sows offered the dried grain diet(P<0.05).The preserved grain diet also reduced the abundance of Proteobacteria in sow faeces at farrowing and in their offspring on d 10 postpartum,and improved piglet faecal scores throughout lactation(P=0.05).At weaning,piglets from sows offered the preserved grain diet exhibited an increased abundance of Lactobacillus and reduced abundance of Alistipes in their faeces(P<0.05).Conclusion OA-preserved grains enhanced the CATTD of nutrients in sows,promoted healthier piglet faecal scores during lactation,and improved offspring growth performance post-weaning,potentially linked to beneficial changes observed in the faecal microbiota of sows and their offspring during lactation.展开更多
Objective Electronic cigarettes(ECs)differ from traditional tobacco smoke but may contribute to cardiopulmonary remodeling.Pulmonary hypertension(PH),characterized by pulmonary artery and right ventricle remodeling,po...Objective Electronic cigarettes(ECs)differ from traditional tobacco smoke but may contribute to cardiopulmonary remodeling.Pulmonary hypertension(PH),characterized by pulmonary artery and right ventricle remodeling,poses a significant risk of mortality in infants,children,and adolescents.However,the impact of maternal EC exposure on PH development in offspring remains unclear.To address this,we established a PH rat model with maternal EC exposure.Methods Maternal EC exposure was initiated on gestation day 12 via electronic nicotine delivery systems.Offspring were administered monocrotaline(MCT)at 6 weeks of age(6-wo)to induce PH.Mechanistic experiments were conducted at 10-week-old(10-wo).Protein expression of NADPH oxidases,DNA methyltransferases,and autophagy-related markers was analyzed by Western blot.Morphological changes and the severity of PH were evaluated via hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining and echocardiography,respectively.Furthermore,the involvement of the oxidative stress/DNA methylation/autophagy axis in response to maternal EC exposure was confirmed through a combination of ELISA,Western blot,HE staining,and echocardiography.Additionally,ATG5 mRNA expression was measured by qRT-PCR.Results Compared with control conditions,maternal EC exposure significantly worsened MCT-induced PH in male offspring.This was associated with increased oxidative stress,DNA hypomethylation,and anomalous autophagy in the offspring.In vivo treatment with chloroquine inhibited autophagy and ameliorated PH development in offspring exposed to maternal EC.Furthermore,N-acetylcysteine(NAC),an antioxidant,attenuated maternal EC exposure-induced oxidative stress,DNA hypomethylation,and excessive autophagy,thereby improving PH.DNA hypermethylation also reversed PH development,accompanied by reduced oxidative stress and suppressed autophagy.ATG5,a key regulator of autophagy,was identified as a potential therapeutic target,as its repression mitigated PH in maternal EC-exposed offspring.Conclusion Maternal EC exposure induces oxidative stress and DNA hypomethylation in offspring,leading to anomalous autophagy and exacerbation of PH development.Targeting ATG5-mediated autophagy may represent a novel therapeutic approach for improving PH outcomes in offspring exposed to maternal EC.Graphical Abstract Pregnant rats were exposed to either EC vapor or standard air from gestation day 12 until 2 days before delivery,with all offspring undergoing PH induction at 6-wo.Offspring exposed to maternal EC presented increased oxidative stress,which in turn affected DNA methylation patterns.The decreased DNA methylation in male offspring led to the activation of autophagy,exacerbating the development of PH.Treatment with ATG5 siRNA inhibited autophagy and alleviated heightened PH in male offspring with maternal EC exposure.展开更多
Triclosan(TCS)is a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent that is widely used as an additive in personal care products.Due to its extensive application,TCS has been frequently detected in human samples,posing potential he...Triclosan(TCS)is a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent that is widely used as an additive in personal care products.Due to its extensive application,TCS has been frequently detected in human samples,posing potential health risks.To investigate the adverse effects on offspring following maternal exposure to TCS,4-week-old female mice were exposed to TCS via daily gavage until the end of lactation.The results showed that the birth weight,21-day survival rate,and skeletal length of offspring were all significantly reduced.Morphological examinations revealed distinct inflammatory infiltrations in the liver,kidney,and spleen of the F1 mice.However,the lungs exhibited abnormal alveolar cells,interstitial hyperplasia,and thickened vascular walls.Further investigations uncovered fibrosis,collagen deposition,fibroblast proliferation,and myofibroblast augmentation in the lungs of the mouse offspring.The enhancement of apoptosis,necroptosis,and pyroptosis in the lungs indicated the involvement of PANoptosis in pulmonary injury.RNA sequencing analysis predicted that the Hedgehog and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways might be the potential toxicological mechanisms underlying maternal TCS exposure-induced pulmonary damage in mouse offspring.This study highlights the toxic effects of TCS on offspring and provides special insights into the health risks associated with TCS exposure.展开更多
Inclusive fitness theory posits that altruistic behaviors,which are directed more likely towards relatives,should be favored by natural selection.However,the prevalence of alternative parenting behaviors in offspring ...Inclusive fitness theory posits that altruistic behaviors,which are directed more likely towards relatives,should be favored by natural selection.However,the prevalence of alternative parenting behaviors in offspring selection,including rejecting their own offspring and accepting the offspring of others,remains poorly understood within the context of parental care evolution.In order to investigate the factors that prompt the occurrence of alternative parenting behaviors,we designed a series of experiments in the Azure-winged Magpie(Cyanopica cyanus).By manipulating the nest spatial position or offspring age/number and parent-offspring familiarity,we addressed how parents provided parental care for the manipulated offspring.In the nest resettlement experiment,the probability of parents rejecting their own offspring significantly increased with nest-moving distances while decreased with offspring ages.In the cross-fostering experiments,the probability of parents provisioning unrelated young significantly decreased with the age difference between cross-fostered chicks.In the nest duplication experiments,where parents were given a choice between familiar offspring and unfamiliar unrelated chicks or between unfamiliar offspring and familiar unrelated chicks,the probability of both alternative parenting behaviors was significantly influenced by the time when parental association with their offspring was deprived.We conclude that as offspring phenotypic traits become individualized and fixed at a special developmental stage,parents gradually acquire the capacity for offspring recognition by associating with them.Any factors that disrupt parent-offspring association or introduce unrelated young into the nest prior to this critical timeline can result in the occurrence of alternative parenting behaviors.展开更多
Nicotine,ethanol,and caffeine are the most common exogenous substances in the men’s living environment,but their effects on the cartilage quality in the father and offspring have not been reported.According to the av...Nicotine,ethanol,and caffeine are the most common exogenous substances in the men’s living environment,but their effects on the cartilage quality in the father and offspring have not been reported.According to the average daily intake of adult men,we constructed a male rat model of paternal mixed exposure(PME)to low-dose nicotine(0.1 mg/(kg·day)),ethanol(0.5 g/(kg·day)),and caffeine(7.5 mg/(kg·day))for 8 weeks.Then,the male rats mated with normal female rats to obtain offspring.The results showed that PME reduced the cartilage quality of paternal and offspring rats.Among them,the paternal cartilage was damaged by enhancing matrix degradation,while the offspring cartilage was damaged by reducing matrix synthesis.The cartilage damage in male offspring rats was more evident than in female offspring.It was further confirmed that differential GC regulation mechanisms were the main reasons for the intergenerational differential damage of paternal/offspring cartilage quality caused by PME.In addition,the androgen receptor(AR)and estrogen receptor beta(ERβ)mediated the sex difference of PME-induced fetal cartilage dysplasia by affecting the binding degree of GR/P300.This study provided a theoretical and experimental basis for guiding male healthy lifestyle and exploring early prevention and treatment strategies for paternal diseases.展开更多
Theincreasing prevalence of gestational diabetesmellitus(GDM)is associated with an array of pregnancy complications and enduring health challenges in bothmothers and their offspring.Studies have indicated that exposur...Theincreasing prevalence of gestational diabetesmellitus(GDM)is associated with an array of pregnancy complications and enduring health challenges in bothmothers and their offspring.Studies have indicated that exposure to the intrauterine environment can prompt adaptations in the offspring,thereby programming transgenerational inheritance.Physical activity during pregnancy,as a non-pharmacological intervention,mitigates metabolic risks through epigenetic modifications,mediating placental adaptations,the action of exercise factors,and gut microbiota.Here,we provide a review summarizing how regular exercise can reduce the risk of GDM and positively influence pregnancy outcomes.It also discusses the exercise-induced reduction in obesity,insulin resistance,and fatty liver disease in the offspring of GDM,outlining the mechanisms that underpin these health benefits.This review underscores the importance of exercise in safeguarding the health of GDM mothers and their offspring.展开更多
[目的]探讨母体运动能否降低肥胖小鼠成年子代对脑缺血再灌注损伤的敏感性。[方法]雌性C57BL/6J小鼠从5周龄开始喂食正常饮食(NCD,10%脂肪含量饲料)或高脂饮食(HFD,60%脂肪含量饲料)。8周后,雌鼠随机分为正常饮食安静组(NCD-SED)、正常...[目的]探讨母体运动能否降低肥胖小鼠成年子代对脑缺血再灌注损伤的敏感性。[方法]雌性C57BL/6J小鼠从5周龄开始喂食正常饮食(NCD,10%脂肪含量饲料)或高脂饮食(HFD,60%脂肪含量饲料)。8周后,雌鼠随机分为正常饮食安静组(NCD-SED)、正常饮食运动组(NCD-EX)、高脂饮食安静组(HFD-SED)和高脂饮食运动组(HFD-EX)。运动组进行无负重游泳训练,水温32~34℃,水深20 cm, 60 min/天,6天/周。经过4周的运动干预后,将雌鼠与正常饮食雄鼠按2∶1比例进行合笼交配。以见阴道栓且阴道涂片见精子确定为妊娠第1天(GD1)。进入妊娠期后,运动组母鼠继续接受运动干预,方案调整为45 min/天,5天/周。监测并评估母鼠孕前体重、体脂、葡萄糖耐量和胎鼠体重、体长、胎盘效率等生理指标;同时选取子代3月龄小鼠为研究对象,建立小鼠大脑中动脉短暂性缺血再灌注(tMCAO/R)损伤模型,观察脑梗死面积。[结果](1)HFD-SED组母鼠孕前体重、体脂和葡萄糖耐量曲线下面积显著高于NCD-SED组母鼠(P<0.01),而HFD-EX组母鼠显著低于HFD-SED组(P<0.05)。(2)HFD-SED组孕期体重始终高于NCD-SED组(P<0.05);GD15~GD18期间HFD-EX组的体重显著低于HFD-SED组(P<0.05);各组孕鼠产仔数差异无显著性。(3)各组胎鼠体长差异无显著性(P>0.05)。HFD-SED组胎鼠体重与胎盘重量显著高于NCD-SED组(P<0.01),且胎盘效率显著低于NCD-SED组(P<0.01);而HFD-EX组胎鼠体重和胎盘重量较HFD-SED组显著降低,胎盘效率显著升高(P<0.01)。(4)HFD-SED组3月龄雌、雄子代体重和体脂均显著高于NCD-SED组,而HFD-EX组体重和体脂较HFD-SED组显著下降(P<0.05)。(5)与NCD-SED组相比,HFD-SED组子代因tMCAO/R损伤引起的脑梗死面积显著增加(P<0.05),而母体运动使HFD-EX组子代的脑梗死面积显著减少(P<0.05)。[结论]母体有氧运动能够改善高脂饮食母鼠所致的胎鼠过度生长、成年子代体重和体脂增加等不良影响,并降低成年子代对脑缺血再灌注损伤的易感性。展开更多
基金supported by NIH awards R01 DK101043 to LJG and P30 DK036836 to Joslin Diabetes Centersupported by American Diabetes Association Grant No.1-17-PMF-009+1 种基金supported by American Diabetes Association(Grant No.1-25-PDF-67)supported by fellowships from Sunstar Foundation,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS),Kanae Foundation,and Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare.
文摘Background Maternal obesity during pregnancy can lead to increased risk for metabolic disease in offspring during adulthood,helping fuel the worldwide increase in obesity.Fortunately,studies in rodent models have established that female dams(F0)that perform voluntary wheel running exercise during pregnancy have first-generation(F1)offspring with improved glucose tolerance,suggesting a potential means to reduce the burden of generational metabolic disease transmission.We have shown that maternal exercise also affects F1 male offspring as sires,as their progeny(F2)have similarly improved metabolic health.Whether maternal exercise can affect F1 females in a manner that improves F2 offspring metabolism is not known.Here,we determined whether voluntary exercise by F0 grandmothers,via their F1 female progeny,produced F2 male and female offspring with an improved metabolic phenotype.Methods Six-week-old C57BL/6 N female mice(F0)were fed a chow diet and either kept sedentary or exercise trained by voluntary wheel running for 2 weeks preconception and during pregnancy.Chow-fed sedentary F1 female offspring at 8 weeks of age were bred with age-matched untreated virgin males to generate F2 offspring.F2 were kept sedentary and chow fed and studied up to 52 weeks of age.Metabolic parameters were assessed,including food intake,body weight,body composition,glucose tolerance,systemic glucose and insulin levels,and liver metabolism.Results Grandmaternal exercise did not significantly alter male and female F2 offspring body weights measured throughout the first year of life,nor was there an effect of grandmaternal exercise on F2 offspring fat mass or lean mass.Remarkably,despite the lack of effect on body weight parameters,grandmaternal exercise resulted in improved glucose tolerance and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)in F2 offspring at 52 weeks of age,effects that were more pronounced in male F2 offspring.Conclusion Voluntary wheel running exercise in female mice during pregnancy leads to metabolic improvements in her grand offspring,despite no direct intervention of the intermediate maternal generation.Maternal physical activity during pregnancy may reduce metabolic diseases in later generations.
基金funded by the Science Foundation Ireland(BiOrbic,Dublin,Ireland)and Adesco Nutricines(Dungarvan,Waterford,Ireland)under grant number 16/RC/3889。
文摘Background Organic acids(OA)and maternal nutritional strategies have been demonstrated to promote piglet health and development.The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of incorporating OA-preserved cereal grains into sow diets during late gestation and lactation,aiming to reduce the metabolic demands of lactation while optimising offspring development and growth until slaughter.The experiment compared OA-preserved wheat and barley to conventionally dried grains,focusing on sow and offspring performance,as well as their faecal microbiota during lactation.Forty sows were blocked based on parity,body weight and back fat thickness on d 100 of gestation and assigned to one of two diets:a dried grain lactation diet and a preserved grain lactation diet.Sow faecal samples were collected at farrowing for the coefficient of apparent total tract digestibility(CATTD)of nutrients and microbial analysis.Offspring faecal samples were collected on d 10 postpartum and at weaning(d 26 postpartum)for microbial analysis.Results Sow body weight,back fat changes,gestation and lactation length,total piglets born,wean-to-oestrus interval,and lactation efficiency were unaffected by sow diet(P>0.05).However,sows offered the preserved grain diet exhibited improved CATTD of dry matter,nitrogen,gross energy,and neutral detergent fibre(P<0.05).While no maternal effect was observed on offspring growth during lactation(P>0.05),pigs from sows offered the preserved grain diet showed improved growth and feed efficiency from weaning until slaughter(d 168)compared to those from sows offered the dried grain diet(P<0.05).The preserved grain diet also reduced the abundance of Proteobacteria in sow faeces at farrowing and in their offspring on d 10 postpartum,and improved piglet faecal scores throughout lactation(P=0.05).At weaning,piglets from sows offered the preserved grain diet exhibited an increased abundance of Lactobacillus and reduced abundance of Alistipes in their faeces(P<0.05).Conclusion OA-preserved grains enhanced the CATTD of nutrients in sows,promoted healthier piglet faecal scores during lactation,and improved offspring growth performance post-weaning,potentially linked to beneficial changes observed in the faecal microbiota of sows and their offspring during lactation.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82300268)Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Project(No.2023B03J1255).
文摘Objective Electronic cigarettes(ECs)differ from traditional tobacco smoke but may contribute to cardiopulmonary remodeling.Pulmonary hypertension(PH),characterized by pulmonary artery and right ventricle remodeling,poses a significant risk of mortality in infants,children,and adolescents.However,the impact of maternal EC exposure on PH development in offspring remains unclear.To address this,we established a PH rat model with maternal EC exposure.Methods Maternal EC exposure was initiated on gestation day 12 via electronic nicotine delivery systems.Offspring were administered monocrotaline(MCT)at 6 weeks of age(6-wo)to induce PH.Mechanistic experiments were conducted at 10-week-old(10-wo).Protein expression of NADPH oxidases,DNA methyltransferases,and autophagy-related markers was analyzed by Western blot.Morphological changes and the severity of PH were evaluated via hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining and echocardiography,respectively.Furthermore,the involvement of the oxidative stress/DNA methylation/autophagy axis in response to maternal EC exposure was confirmed through a combination of ELISA,Western blot,HE staining,and echocardiography.Additionally,ATG5 mRNA expression was measured by qRT-PCR.Results Compared with control conditions,maternal EC exposure significantly worsened MCT-induced PH in male offspring.This was associated with increased oxidative stress,DNA hypomethylation,and anomalous autophagy in the offspring.In vivo treatment with chloroquine inhibited autophagy and ameliorated PH development in offspring exposed to maternal EC.Furthermore,N-acetylcysteine(NAC),an antioxidant,attenuated maternal EC exposure-induced oxidative stress,DNA hypomethylation,and excessive autophagy,thereby improving PH.DNA hypermethylation also reversed PH development,accompanied by reduced oxidative stress and suppressed autophagy.ATG5,a key regulator of autophagy,was identified as a potential therapeutic target,as its repression mitigated PH in maternal EC-exposed offspring.Conclusion Maternal EC exposure induces oxidative stress and DNA hypomethylation in offspring,leading to anomalous autophagy and exacerbation of PH development.Targeting ATG5-mediated autophagy may represent a novel therapeutic approach for improving PH outcomes in offspring exposed to maternal EC.Graphical Abstract Pregnant rats were exposed to either EC vapor or standard air from gestation day 12 until 2 days before delivery,with all offspring undergoing PH induction at 6-wo.Offspring exposed to maternal EC presented increased oxidative stress,which in turn affected DNA methylation patterns.The decreased DNA methylation in male offspring led to the activation of autophagy,exacerbating the development of PH.Treatment with ATG5 siRNA inhibited autophagy and alleviated heightened PH in male offspring with maternal EC exposure.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number:22166012)Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Projects(grant number:1Z007).
文摘Triclosan(TCS)is a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent that is widely used as an additive in personal care products.Due to its extensive application,TCS has been frequently detected in human samples,posing potential health risks.To investigate the adverse effects on offspring following maternal exposure to TCS,4-week-old female mice were exposed to TCS via daily gavage until the end of lactation.The results showed that the birth weight,21-day survival rate,and skeletal length of offspring were all significantly reduced.Morphological examinations revealed distinct inflammatory infiltrations in the liver,kidney,and spleen of the F1 mice.However,the lungs exhibited abnormal alveolar cells,interstitial hyperplasia,and thickened vascular walls.Further investigations uncovered fibrosis,collagen deposition,fibroblast proliferation,and myofibroblast augmentation in the lungs of the mouse offspring.The enhancement of apoptosis,necroptosis,and pyroptosis in the lungs indicated the involvement of PANoptosis in pulmonary injury.RNA sequencing analysis predicted that the Hedgehog and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways might be the potential toxicological mechanisms underlying maternal TCS exposure-induced pulmonary damage in mouse offspring.This study highlights the toxic effects of TCS on offspring and provides special insights into the health risks associated with TCS exposure.
基金provided by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (Grant 32071491,31772465,31672299,31572271,and 32260128)。
文摘Inclusive fitness theory posits that altruistic behaviors,which are directed more likely towards relatives,should be favored by natural selection.However,the prevalence of alternative parenting behaviors in offspring selection,including rejecting their own offspring and accepting the offspring of others,remains poorly understood within the context of parental care evolution.In order to investigate the factors that prompt the occurrence of alternative parenting behaviors,we designed a series of experiments in the Azure-winged Magpie(Cyanopica cyanus).By manipulating the nest spatial position or offspring age/number and parent-offspring familiarity,we addressed how parents provided parental care for the manipulated offspring.In the nest resettlement experiment,the probability of parents rejecting their own offspring significantly increased with nest-moving distances while decreased with offspring ages.In the cross-fostering experiments,the probability of parents provisioning unrelated young significantly decreased with the age difference between cross-fostered chicks.In the nest duplication experiments,where parents were given a choice between familiar offspring and unfamiliar unrelated chicks or between unfamiliar offspring and familiar unrelated chicks,the probability of both alternative parenting behaviors was significantly influenced by the time when parental association with their offspring was deprived.We conclude that as offspring phenotypic traits become individualized and fixed at a special developmental stage,parents gradually acquire the capacity for offspring recognition by associating with them.Any factors that disrupt parent-offspring association or introduce unrelated young into the nest prior to this critical timeline can result in the occurrence of alternative parenting behaviors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20362,U23A20407,82030111,82104301)Hubei Province’s Outstanding Medical Academic Leader program.
文摘Nicotine,ethanol,and caffeine are the most common exogenous substances in the men’s living environment,but their effects on the cartilage quality in the father and offspring have not been reported.According to the average daily intake of adult men,we constructed a male rat model of paternal mixed exposure(PME)to low-dose nicotine(0.1 mg/(kg·day)),ethanol(0.5 g/(kg·day)),and caffeine(7.5 mg/(kg·day))for 8 weeks.Then,the male rats mated with normal female rats to obtain offspring.The results showed that PME reduced the cartilage quality of paternal and offspring rats.Among them,the paternal cartilage was damaged by enhancing matrix degradation,while the offspring cartilage was damaged by reducing matrix synthesis.The cartilage damage in male offspring rats was more evident than in female offspring.It was further confirmed that differential GC regulation mechanisms were the main reasons for the intergenerational differential damage of paternal/offspring cartilage quality caused by PME.In addition,the androgen receptor(AR)and estrogen receptor beta(ERβ)mediated the sex difference of PME-induced fetal cartilage dysplasia by affecting the binding degree of GR/P300.This study provided a theoretical and experimental basis for guiding male healthy lifestyle and exploring early prevention and treatment strategies for paternal diseases.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82401994)the Top Medical Expert Team of the Wuxi Taihu Talent Plan(Grant Nos.DJTD202106,GDTD202105)+1 种基金the Medical Key Discipline Program of theWuxi Health Commission(Grant Nos.ZDXK2021007,CXTD2021005)Top Talent Support Program for Young and Middle-Aged People of Wuxi Health Committee(Grant No.HB2023079).
文摘Theincreasing prevalence of gestational diabetesmellitus(GDM)is associated with an array of pregnancy complications and enduring health challenges in bothmothers and their offspring.Studies have indicated that exposure to the intrauterine environment can prompt adaptations in the offspring,thereby programming transgenerational inheritance.Physical activity during pregnancy,as a non-pharmacological intervention,mitigates metabolic risks through epigenetic modifications,mediating placental adaptations,the action of exercise factors,and gut microbiota.Here,we provide a review summarizing how regular exercise can reduce the risk of GDM and positively influence pregnancy outcomes.It also discusses the exercise-induced reduction in obesity,insulin resistance,and fatty liver disease in the offspring of GDM,outlining the mechanisms that underpin these health benefits.This review underscores the importance of exercise in safeguarding the health of GDM mothers and their offspring.
文摘[目的]探讨母体运动能否降低肥胖小鼠成年子代对脑缺血再灌注损伤的敏感性。[方法]雌性C57BL/6J小鼠从5周龄开始喂食正常饮食(NCD,10%脂肪含量饲料)或高脂饮食(HFD,60%脂肪含量饲料)。8周后,雌鼠随机分为正常饮食安静组(NCD-SED)、正常饮食运动组(NCD-EX)、高脂饮食安静组(HFD-SED)和高脂饮食运动组(HFD-EX)。运动组进行无负重游泳训练,水温32~34℃,水深20 cm, 60 min/天,6天/周。经过4周的运动干预后,将雌鼠与正常饮食雄鼠按2∶1比例进行合笼交配。以见阴道栓且阴道涂片见精子确定为妊娠第1天(GD1)。进入妊娠期后,运动组母鼠继续接受运动干预,方案调整为45 min/天,5天/周。监测并评估母鼠孕前体重、体脂、葡萄糖耐量和胎鼠体重、体长、胎盘效率等生理指标;同时选取子代3月龄小鼠为研究对象,建立小鼠大脑中动脉短暂性缺血再灌注(tMCAO/R)损伤模型,观察脑梗死面积。[结果](1)HFD-SED组母鼠孕前体重、体脂和葡萄糖耐量曲线下面积显著高于NCD-SED组母鼠(P<0.01),而HFD-EX组母鼠显著低于HFD-SED组(P<0.05)。(2)HFD-SED组孕期体重始终高于NCD-SED组(P<0.05);GD15~GD18期间HFD-EX组的体重显著低于HFD-SED组(P<0.05);各组孕鼠产仔数差异无显著性。(3)各组胎鼠体长差异无显著性(P>0.05)。HFD-SED组胎鼠体重与胎盘重量显著高于NCD-SED组(P<0.01),且胎盘效率显著低于NCD-SED组(P<0.01);而HFD-EX组胎鼠体重和胎盘重量较HFD-SED组显著降低,胎盘效率显著升高(P<0.01)。(4)HFD-SED组3月龄雌、雄子代体重和体脂均显著高于NCD-SED组,而HFD-EX组体重和体脂较HFD-SED组显著下降(P<0.05)。(5)与NCD-SED组相比,HFD-SED组子代因tMCAO/R损伤引起的脑梗死面积显著增加(P<0.05),而母体运动使HFD-EX组子代的脑梗死面积显著减少(P<0.05)。[结论]母体有氧运动能够改善高脂饮食母鼠所致的胎鼠过度生长、成年子代体重和体脂增加等不良影响,并降低成年子代对脑缺血再灌注损伤的易感性。
