Strategies for insect population control are currently targeting chemical communication at the molecular level. The diamondback moth Plutella xylostella represents one of the most serious pests in agriculture, however...Strategies for insect population control are currently targeting chemical communication at the molecular level. The diamondback moth Plutella xylostella represents one of the most serious pests in agriculture, however detailed information on the proteins mediating olfaction in this species is still poor. This species is endowed with a repertoire of a large number of olfactory receptors and odorant binding proteins（OBPs）. As a contribution to map the specificities of these chemical sensors in the moth and eventually unrave l the complexity of chemodetection, we have measured the affinities of three selected OBPs to a series of potential odorants. Three proteins are highly divergent in their amino acid sequences and show markedly different expression profiles. In fact, PxylOBP3 is exclusively expressed in the antennae of both sexes, PxylOBP9 is male specific and present only in antennae and reproductive organs, while PxylOBP19, an unusual OBP with nine cysteines, is ubiquitously present in all the organs examined. Such expression pattern suggests that the last two proteins may be involved in non-chemosensory functions. Despite such differences, the three OBPs exhibit similar binding spectra, together with high selectivity. Among the 26 natural compounds tested, only two proved to be good ligands, retinol and coniferyl aldehyde. This second compound is particularly interesting being part of the chemical pathway leading to regeneration of lignin, one of the defense strategies of the plant against insect attack, and might find applications as a repellent for P. xylostella and other pests.展开更多
Odorant-binding proteins （OBPs） are soluble proteins mediating chemorecep- tion in insects. In previous research, we investigated the molecular mechanisms adopted by aphids to detect the alarm pheromone （E）-fl-far...Odorant-binding proteins （OBPs） are soluble proteins mediating chemorecep- tion in insects. In previous research, we investigated the molecular mechanisms adopted by aphids to detect the alarm pheromone （E）-fl-farnesene and we found that the recogni- tion of this and structurally related molecules is mediated by OBP3 and OBP7. Here, we show the differential expression patterns of 5 selected OBPs （OBP 1, OBP3, OBP6, OBPT, OBPS） obtained performing quantitative RT-PCR and immunolocalization experiments in different body parts of adults and in the 5 developmental instars, including winged and unwinged morphs, of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. The results provide an overall picture that allows us to speculate on the relationship between the differential expression of OBPs and their putative function. The expression of OBP3, OBP6, and OBP7 in the antennal sensilla suggests a ehemosensory fimction for these proteins, whereas the con- stant expression level of OBP8 in all instars could suggest a conserved role. Moreover, OBP1 and OBP3 are also expressed in nonsensory organs. A light and scanning electron microscopy study of sensilla on different body parts of aphid, in particular antennae, legs, mouthparts, and coruicles-cauda, completes this research providing a guide to facilitate the mapping of OBP expression profiles.展开更多
Proteomic analyses were done on 2 chemosensory appendages of the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum. Proteins in the fore tarsi, which contain the olfactory Haller＇s organ, and in the palps, that include gustatory ...Proteomic analyses were done on 2 chemosensory appendages of the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum. Proteins in the fore tarsi, which contain the olfactory Haller＇s organ, and in the palps, that include gustatory sensilla, were compared with proteins in the third tarsi. Also, male and female ticks were compared. Proteins were identified by sequence similarity to known proteins, and by 3-dimensional homology modeling. Proteomic data were also compared with organ-specific transcriptomes from the tick Rhipicephalus microplus. The fore tarsi express a lipocalin not found in the third tarsi or palps. The fore tarsi and palps abundantly express 2 proteins, which are similar to insect odorant-binding proteins （OBPs）. Compared with insect OBPs, the tick OBP-like sequences lacked the cysteine absent in C-minus OBPs, and 1 tick OBP-like sequence had additional cysteines that were similar to C-plus OBPs. Four proteins similar to the antibiotic protein microplusin were found： 2 exclusively expressed in the fore tarsi and 1 exclusively expressed in the palps. These proteins lack the microplusin copper-binding site, but they are modeled to have a significant internal cavity, potentially a ligand-binding site. Proteins similar to the dust mite allergens Der p7 and Der f 7 were found differentially expressed in female fore tarsi. A protein exclusively expressed in the fore tarsi has similarities to Neto, which is known to be involved in clustering ofionotropic glutamate receptors. These results constitute the first report of OBP-like protein sequences in ticks and point to several research avenues on tick chemosensory reception.展开更多
Odorant-binding proteins(OBPs)are crucial in insect's olfactory perception,which participate in the initial step of odorant molecules transporting from the external environment to olfactory receptor neurons.To bet...Odorant-binding proteins(OBPs)are crucial in insect's olfactory perception,which participate in the initial step of odorant molecules transporting from the external environment to olfactory receptor neurons.To better understand the roles for OBPs in olfactory perception in Cotesia vestalis,a solitary larval endoparasitoid of diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella,we have comprehensively screened the genome of C.vestalis,and obtained 20 CvesOBPs,including 18 classic OBPs and two minus-C OBPs.Motif-pattern analysis indicates that the motifs of C.vestalis OBPs are highly conserved in Hymenoptera.The results of tissue expression analysis show that five OBPs(CvesOBP1/11/12/14/16)are highly expressed in male antennae,whereas six other OBP genes(CvesOBP7/8/13/17/18/19)are significantly transcriptionally enriched in female antennae.The results of RNA interference experiments for three most highly expressed OBP genes(CvesOBP17/18/19)in female antennae demonstrate that they are likely involved in parasitic processes of female wasps,as the wasps take a longer time to target the hosts when they are knoc ked down.展开更多
The soybean aphid,Aphis glycines,is an extreme specialist and an important invasive pest that relies on olfaction for behaviors such as feeding,mating,and foraging.Odorant-binding proteins(OBPs)play a vital role in ol...The soybean aphid,Aphis glycines,is an extreme specialist and an important invasive pest that relies on olfaction for behaviors such as feeding,mating,and foraging.Odorant-binding proteins(OBPs)play a vital role in olfaction by binding to volatile compounds and by regulating insect sensing of the environment.In this work we used rapid amplification of complementary DNA ends technology to identify and characterize 10 genes encoding A.glycines OBPs(AglyOBPs)belonging to 3 subfamilies,including 4 classic OBPs,5 Plus-C OBPs,and one Minus-C OBP.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction demonstrated variable specific expression patterns for the 10 genes based on developmental stage and aphid tssue sampled.Expression levels of 7 AglyOBPs(2,3,4,5,7,9,and 10)were highest in the 4th instar,indicating that the 4th nymphal instar is an important developmental period during which soybean aphids regulate feeding and search for host plants.Tissue-specific expression results demonstrated that AglyOBP2,7,and 9 exhibited significantly higher expression levels in antennae.Meanwhile,ligand-binding analysis of5 OBPs demonstrated binding of AglyOBP2 and AglyOBP3 to a broad spectrum of volatiles released by green leaf plants,with bias toward 6-to 8-carbon chain volatiles and strong binding of AglyOBP7 to trans-B-farnesene.Taken together,our findings build a foundation of knowledge for use in the study of molecular olfaction mechanisms and prov ide insights to guide future soybean aphid research.展开更多
Sitodiplosis mosellana,a periodic but devastating wheat pest,relies on wheat spike volatiles as a cue in sclecing hosts for oviposition.Insect odorant-binding proteins(OBPs)are thought to play essential roles in filte...Sitodiplosis mosellana,a periodic but devastating wheat pest,relies on wheat spike volatiles as a cue in sclecing hosts for oviposition.Insect odorant-binding proteins(OBPs)are thought to play essential roles in filtering,binding and transporting hydropho-bic odorant molecules to specific receptors.To date,the molecular mechanisms underlying S.mosellana olfaction are poorly understood.Here,three S.mosellana antenna-specific OBP genes,SmosOBPII,16 and 21,were cloned and bacterially expressed.Binding properties of the recombinant proteins to 28 volatiles emitted from wheat spikes were in-vestigated using fluorescence competitive binding assays.Sequence analysis suggested that these SmosOBPs belong to the Classic OBP subfamily.Ligand-binding analysis showed that all three SmosOBPs preferentially bound alcohol,ester and ketone com-pounds,and SmosOBP11 and 16 also selectively bound terpenoid compounds.In par-ticular,the three SmosOBPs had high binding affinities(Ki<20μmol/L)to 3-hexanol and cis-3-hexenylacetate that elicited strong electroantennogram(EAG)response fromfemale antennae.In addition,SmosOBP11 displayed significantly higher binding(Ki<8μmo/L)than SmosOBP16 and 21 to l-octen-3-ol,D-panthenol,a-pinene and heptyl acetate which elicited significant EAG response,suggesting that SmosOBP11 plays a ma-jor role in recognition and transportation of these volatiles.These findings have provided important insight into the molecular mechanism by which S.mosellana specifically rec-ognizes plant volatiles for host selection,and have facilitated identification of effective volatile attractants that are potentially useful for pest monitoring and trapping.展开更多
A highly sensitive olfactory system allows insects to precisely identify and position volatile compounds from different sources in their habitats,and plays a crucial role in their foraging,mating,and oviposition activ...A highly sensitive olfactory system allows insects to precisely identify and position volatile compounds from different sources in their habitats,and plays a crucial role in their foraging,mating,and oviposition activities.During evolution,insects have successfully developed a large and complex olfactory system to adapt to heterogeneous environments,enabling the maintenance of inset population.A comprehensive examination of the olfactory system of insects may therefore yield novel insights into the development of innovative pest control and prevention strategies,as well as the study of olfactory mechanisms in vertebrates and even humans.This paper outlines the current state of research into the signal transduction mechanism by which insects perceive the olfactory molecules of their habitats.The aim of this review is to provide a reference point for future studies into the olfactory perception mechanism and its potential applications in pest management.展开更多
The olfactory system of insects is crucial in modulating behaviors such as host seeking,mating,and oviposition.Odorantbinding proteins(OBPs)are involved in semiochemical recognition.OBPs recognize and bind odorants an...The olfactory system of insects is crucial in modulating behaviors such as host seeking,mating,and oviposition.Odorantbinding proteins(OBPs)are involved in semiochemical recognition.OBPs recognize and bind odorants and transport them to odorant receptors located in olfactory neurons.Harmonia axyridis(Coleoptera:Coccinellidae)is a widely used predacious biological control agent for many agricultural and forestry pests.This study identified 19 OBPs in H.axyridis based on the antennal and whole-body transcriptomes of adults and obtained all the full-length open reading frames,including 11‘Classic’OBPs,7‘Minus-C’OBPs and 1‘Plus-C’OBP.They encoded 125 to 241 amino acid proteins with molecular weights ranging from 13.75 to 27.75 kDa and isoelectric points ranging from 4.15 to 8.80.Phylogenetic analyses were used to study the relationships between H.axyridis OBPs and OBPs from other species of Coleoptera.Quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR)analysis showed that HaxyOBP2,3,5,8,10,12,13,14,and 15 were highly expressed in antennae of both adult females and males.Moreover,HaxyOBP2,3,5,12,and 15 were more abundantly expressed in antennae than other body parts,while HaxyOBP13 and HaxyOBP14 were expressed predominantly,and at similar levels,in the head and antennae.The other OBP genes were highly expressed in non-olfactory tissues including the thorax,abdomen,legs,and wings.These results provide valuable information for further study of H.axyridis olfaction,which may ultimately enhance its use as a biocontrol agent.展开更多
Worldwide,pine forests have been threatened by a devastating pine wood disease caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus,with Monochamus saltuarius being a newly recorded vector of the disease in Northeast China.The olfact...Worldwide,pine forests have been threatened by a devastating pine wood disease caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus,with Monochamus saltuarius being a newly recorded vector of the disease in Northeast China.The olfactory system plays important roles in both feeding and oviposition during the adult stage of M.saltuarius,and olfactory gene function research is essential for gaining an understanding of the olfactory mechanisms of this pest.However,there is limited information available regarding olfactory gene functions in this pest.In the present study,we selected 7 olfactory genes,including 2 chemosensory proteins,2 odorant-binding proteins,the odorant co-receptor and 2 odorant receptors,which were relatively highly expressed during the adult stage.We silenced these genes by RNA interference(RNAi),and real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect their expression levels after double-stranded RNA(dsRNA)injection.The results indicate that these genes were significantly downregulated at 2 d post-dsRNA injection,and this was sustained until 5 d post-injection.Electroantennography tests indicated that the knockdown of MsalOBP14 and MsalOrco impaired the olfactory response of M.saltuarius to 11 host volatiles and 1 sex pheromone compound.Y-tube experiments further confirmed that downregulated MsalOBP14 and MsalOrco expression led to olfactory dysfunction in M.saltuarius,which significantly lost selectivity.The results indicate that MsalOBP14 and MsalOrco play critical roles in sex communication and host volatile detection in M.saltuarius,and possibly represent 2 effective targets for controlling this forest pest through olfactory disruption.展开更多
Insulin receptors(InR)are an integral component of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway,which plays a vital role in insect development,lifespan,reproduction,and olfactory sensitivity.However,whethe...Insulin receptors(InR)are an integral component of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway,which plays a vital role in insect development,lifespan,reproduction,and olfactory sensitivity.However,whether InR participate in the periph-eral olfactory system of insects remains unclear.Recently,we found that 2-heptanone(2-HT)affects AcerlnR expression,the gene for an InR protein,in Apis cerana cerana.We then examined the spatiotemporal expression profile of the gene in A.cerana cerana.The mRNA of AcerlnR was primarily expressed in the antennae,wings,and legs of forager bees,which are probable chemosensory tissues.The results of fluorescence competitive binding assays,combined with site-directed mutagenesis,demonstrated that AcerOBP6 and AcerOBP14 exhibit strong binding affinities to 2-HT.Furthermore,after foragers were fed with double-stranded AcerlnR,the expression levels of AcerOBP6 and AcerOBP14 decreased significantly,as did the electroantennogram responsiveness to 2-HT and some other odorants.In conclusion,our findings provide a foundation for understanding the in-volvement of AcerlnR in the odor perception of A.cerana cerana.Moreover,they offer novel insights into the olfactory recognition mechanism in insects.展开更多
Pine caterpillar moths, Dendrolimus spp. （Lepidoptera： Lasiocampidae）, are serious economic pest of pines. Previously, phylogenetic analyses of Dendrolimus using different methods yielded inconsistent results. The ...Pine caterpillar moths, Dendrolimus spp. （Lepidoptera： Lasiocampidae）, are serious economic pest of pines. Previously, phylogenetic analyses of Dendrolimus using different methods yielded inconsistent results. The chemosensory systems of insects may play fundamental roles in promoting speciation. Odorant-binding proteins （OBPs） participate in the first step of odor detection. Studying the evolution of OBPs in closely related species may help us to identify their role in speciation. We identified three OBPs - one pheromone-binding protein and two general odorant-binding proteins - from male antennae of four Dendrolimus species, D. superans （Butler）, D. punctatus （Walker）, D. kikuchii Matsumura, and D. houi Lajonquiere, the olfactory recognition systems of which had not been previously investigated. We analyzed their molecular characteristics and compared their sequences to those of OBPs in D. tabulaeformis Tsai et Liu. Ka/Ks ratio analyses among the five Dendrolimus species indicate that PBP1 genes experienced more evolutionary pressure than the GOBPs. Phylogenetic relationships of PBP1 and GOBP1 both indicated that D. houi was the basal species, then branched D. kikuchii, while D. tabulaeformis, D. punctatus, and D. superans evolved more recently. These relationships are consistent with the changes in sex pheromone components of these five species. Dendrolimus tabulaeformis and D. punctatus are closely related sister species. However, the distances among GOBP2 sequences in the five Dendrolimus were very short, and the relationships of D. houi and D. la＇kuchii could not be resolved. Integrating our results with those of previous studies, we hypothesized that D. kikuchii, D. punctatus and D. superans evolved from the basal ancestor because of sex pheromone mutations and environmental pressure.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31230062 and 31321004)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation of China (6132028)the State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (SKLOF201502)
文摘Strategies for insect population control are currently targeting chemical communication at the molecular level. The diamondback moth Plutella xylostella represents one of the most serious pests in agriculture, however detailed information on the proteins mediating olfaction in this species is still poor. This species is endowed with a repertoire of a large number of olfactory receptors and odorant binding proteins（OBPs）. As a contribution to map the specificities of these chemical sensors in the moth and eventually unrave l the complexity of chemodetection, we have measured the affinities of three selected OBPs to a series of potential odorants. Three proteins are highly divergent in their amino acid sequences and show markedly different expression profiles. In fact, PxylOBP3 is exclusively expressed in the antennae of both sexes, PxylOBP9 is male specific and present only in antennae and reproductive organs, while PxylOBP19, an unusual OBP with nine cysteines, is ubiquitously present in all the organs examined. Such expression pattern suggests that the last two proteins may be involved in non-chemosensory functions. Despite such differences, the three OBPs exhibit similar binding spectra, together with high selectivity. Among the 26 natural compounds tested, only two proved to be good ligands, retinol and coniferyl aldehyde. This second compound is particularly interesting being part of the chemical pathway leading to regeneration of lignin, one of the defense strategies of the plant against insect attack, and might find applications as a repellent for P. xylostella and other pests.
文摘Odorant-binding proteins （OBPs） are soluble proteins mediating chemorecep- tion in insects. In previous research, we investigated the molecular mechanisms adopted by aphids to detect the alarm pheromone （E）-fl-farnesene and we found that the recogni- tion of this and structurally related molecules is mediated by OBP3 and OBP7. Here, we show the differential expression patterns of 5 selected OBPs （OBP 1, OBP3, OBP6, OBPT, OBPS） obtained performing quantitative RT-PCR and immunolocalization experiments in different body parts of adults and in the 5 developmental instars, including winged and unwinged morphs, of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. The results provide an overall picture that allows us to speculate on the relationship between the differential expression of OBPs and their putative function. The expression of OBP3, OBP6, and OBP7 in the antennal sensilla suggests a ehemosensory fimction for these proteins, whereas the con- stant expression level of OBP8 in all instars could suggest a conserved role. Moreover, OBP1 and OBP3 are also expressed in nonsensory organs. A light and scanning electron microscopy study of sensilla on different body parts of aphid, in particular antennae, legs, mouthparts, and coruicles-cauda, completes this research providing a guide to facilitate the mapping of OBP expression profiles.
文摘Proteomic analyses were done on 2 chemosensory appendages of the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum. Proteins in the fore tarsi, which contain the olfactory Haller＇s organ, and in the palps, that include gustatory sensilla, were compared with proteins in the third tarsi. Also, male and female ticks were compared. Proteins were identified by sequence similarity to known proteins, and by 3-dimensional homology modeling. Proteomic data were also compared with organ-specific transcriptomes from the tick Rhipicephalus microplus. The fore tarsi express a lipocalin not found in the third tarsi or palps. The fore tarsi and palps abundantly express 2 proteins, which are similar to insect odorant-binding proteins （OBPs）. Compared with insect OBPs, the tick OBP-like sequences lacked the cysteine absent in C-minus OBPs, and 1 tick OBP-like sequence had additional cysteines that were similar to C-plus OBPs. Four proteins similar to the antibiotic protein microplusin were found： 2 exclusively expressed in the fore tarsi and 1 exclusively expressed in the palps. These proteins lack the microplusin copper-binding site, but they are modeled to have a significant internal cavity, potentially a ligand-binding site. Proteins similar to the dust mite allergens Der p7 and Der f 7 were found differentially expressed in female fore tarsi. A protein exclusively expressed in the fore tarsi has similarities to Neto, which is known to be involved in clustering ofionotropic glutamate receptors. These results constitute the first report of OBP-like protein sequences in ticks and point to several research avenues on tick chemosensory reception.
基金the National Science Foundation of China(31630060,31672079 and 31772522)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LR 18C140001).
文摘Odorant-binding proteins(OBPs)are crucial in insect's olfactory perception,which participate in the initial step of odorant molecules transporting from the external environment to olfactory receptor neurons.To better understand the roles for OBPs in olfactory perception in Cotesia vestalis,a solitary larval endoparasitoid of diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella,we have comprehensively screened the genome of C.vestalis,and obtained 20 CvesOBPs,including 18 classic OBPs and two minus-C OBPs.Motif-pattern analysis indicates that the motifs of C.vestalis OBPs are highly conserved in Hymenoptera.The results of tissue expression analysis show that five OBPs(CvesOBP1/11/12/14/16)are highly expressed in male antennae,whereas six other OBP genes(CvesOBP7/8/13/17/18/19)are significantly transcriptionally enriched in female antennae.The results of RNA interference experiments for three most highly expressed OBP genes(CvesOBP17/18/19)in female antennae demonstrate that they are likely involved in parasitic processes of female wasps,as the wasps take a longer time to target the hosts when they are knoc ked down.
基金We gratefully acknowledge Dr.Tao Zhong(Shenyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China)for his con-structive reviews of the manuscript.This、work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hei-longjiang(C2018060)Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Fund(LBH-Z16187)+2 种基金Scientific Research Project of Hei-longjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2017ZC10,2017SJ032 and 2018JJPY004)National Key Research and Development Program(2017YFE0111000),National Natural Science Foundation ofChina(31771823)Ma-jor Project of Research and Development of Applied Tech-nology in Heilongjiang Province(GA18B101).
文摘The soybean aphid,Aphis glycines,is an extreme specialist and an important invasive pest that relies on olfaction for behaviors such as feeding,mating,and foraging.Odorant-binding proteins(OBPs)play a vital role in olfaction by binding to volatile compounds and by regulating insect sensing of the environment.In this work we used rapid amplification of complementary DNA ends technology to identify and characterize 10 genes encoding A.glycines OBPs(AglyOBPs)belonging to 3 subfamilies,including 4 classic OBPs,5 Plus-C OBPs,and one Minus-C OBP.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction demonstrated variable specific expression patterns for the 10 genes based on developmental stage and aphid tssue sampled.Expression levels of 7 AglyOBPs(2,3,4,5,7,9,and 10)were highest in the 4th instar,indicating that the 4th nymphal instar is an important developmental period during which soybean aphids regulate feeding and search for host plants.Tissue-specific expression results demonstrated that AglyOBP2,7,and 9 exhibited significantly higher expression levels in antennae.Meanwhile,ligand-binding analysis of5 OBPs demonstrated binding of AglyOBP2 and AglyOBP3 to a broad spectrum of volatiles released by green leaf plants,with bias toward 6-to 8-carbon chain volatiles and strong binding of AglyOBP7 to trans-B-farnesene.Taken together,our findings build a foundation of knowledge for use in the study of molecular olfaction mechanisms and prov ide insights to guide future soybean aphid research.
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31371933)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFD0200402)Science and Technology Planning Project of Yangling Demonstration Zone,China(Grant No.2018NY-07).
文摘Sitodiplosis mosellana,a periodic but devastating wheat pest,relies on wheat spike volatiles as a cue in sclecing hosts for oviposition.Insect odorant-binding proteins(OBPs)are thought to play essential roles in filtering,binding and transporting hydropho-bic odorant molecules to specific receptors.To date,the molecular mechanisms underlying S.mosellana olfaction are poorly understood.Here,three S.mosellana antenna-specific OBP genes,SmosOBPII,16 and 21,were cloned and bacterially expressed.Binding properties of the recombinant proteins to 28 volatiles emitted from wheat spikes were in-vestigated using fluorescence competitive binding assays.Sequence analysis suggested that these SmosOBPs belong to the Classic OBP subfamily.Ligand-binding analysis showed that all three SmosOBPs preferentially bound alcohol,ester and ketone com-pounds,and SmosOBP11 and 16 also selectively bound terpenoid compounds.In par-ticular,the three SmosOBPs had high binding affinities(Ki<20μmol/L)to 3-hexanol and cis-3-hexenylacetate that elicited strong electroantennogram(EAG)response fromfemale antennae.In addition,SmosOBP11 displayed significantly higher binding(Ki<8μmo/L)than SmosOBP16 and 21 to l-octen-3-ol,D-panthenol,a-pinene and heptyl acetate which elicited significant EAG response,suggesting that SmosOBP11 plays a ma-jor role in recognition and transportation of these volatiles.These findings have provided important insight into the molecular mechanism by which S.mosellana specifically rec-ognizes plant volatiles for host selection,and have facilitated identification of effective volatile attractants that are potentially useful for pest monitoring and trapping.
基金Supported by China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-26)Innovation Platform Construction Project of Zhaoqing University(202413004)+1 种基金Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program Project of Guangdong Province College Student(X202310580113)Scientific Research Fund Funding Project of Zhaoqing University in 2023(QN202331).
文摘A highly sensitive olfactory system allows insects to precisely identify and position volatile compounds from different sources in their habitats,and plays a crucial role in their foraging,mating,and oviposition activities.During evolution,insects have successfully developed a large and complex olfactory system to adapt to heterogeneous environments,enabling the maintenance of inset population.A comprehensive examination of the olfactory system of insects may therefore yield novel insights into the development of innovative pest control and prevention strategies,as well as the study of olfactory mechanisms in vertebrates and even humans.This paper outlines the current state of research into the signal transduction mechanism by which insects perceive the olfactory molecules of their habitats.The aim of this review is to provide a reference point for future studies into the olfactory perception mechanism and its potential applications in pest management.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Develop Program of China(2017YFD0200400)the Shandong Province Modern Agricultural Technology System Peanut Innovation Team,China(SDAIT-04-08)the Beijing Leafy Vegetables Innovation Team of Modern Agroindustry Technology Research System,China(BAIC07-2020).
文摘The olfactory system of insects is crucial in modulating behaviors such as host seeking,mating,and oviposition.Odorantbinding proteins(OBPs)are involved in semiochemical recognition.OBPs recognize and bind odorants and transport them to odorant receptors located in olfactory neurons.Harmonia axyridis(Coleoptera:Coccinellidae)is a widely used predacious biological control agent for many agricultural and forestry pests.This study identified 19 OBPs in H.axyridis based on the antennal and whole-body transcriptomes of adults and obtained all the full-length open reading frames,including 11‘Classic’OBPs,7‘Minus-C’OBPs and 1‘Plus-C’OBP.They encoded 125 to 241 amino acid proteins with molecular weights ranging from 13.75 to 27.75 kDa and isoelectric points ranging from 4.15 to 8.80.Phylogenetic analyses were used to study the relationships between H.axyridis OBPs and OBPs from other species of Coleoptera.Quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR)analysis showed that HaxyOBP2,3,5,8,10,12,13,14,and 15 were highly expressed in antennae of both adult females and males.Moreover,HaxyOBP2,3,5,12,and 15 were more abundantly expressed in antennae than other body parts,while HaxyOBP13 and HaxyOBP14 were expressed predominantly,and at similar levels,in the head and antennae.The other OBP genes were highly expressed in non-olfactory tissues including the thorax,abdomen,legs,and wings.These results provide valuable information for further study of H.axyridis olfaction,which may ultimately enhance its use as a biocontrol agent.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Non-profit Research Institution of CAF(CAFYBB2020QC001)the Applied Basic Research Program of Liaoning Province(2023JH2/101300130).
文摘Worldwide,pine forests have been threatened by a devastating pine wood disease caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus,with Monochamus saltuarius being a newly recorded vector of the disease in Northeast China.The olfactory system plays important roles in both feeding and oviposition during the adult stage of M.saltuarius,and olfactory gene function research is essential for gaining an understanding of the olfactory mechanisms of this pest.However,there is limited information available regarding olfactory gene functions in this pest.In the present study,we selected 7 olfactory genes,including 2 chemosensory proteins,2 odorant-binding proteins,the odorant co-receptor and 2 odorant receptors,which were relatively highly expressed during the adult stage.We silenced these genes by RNA interference(RNAi),and real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect their expression levels after double-stranded RNA(dsRNA)injection.The results indicate that these genes were significantly downregulated at 2 d post-dsRNA injection,and this was sustained until 5 d post-injection.Electroantennography tests indicated that the knockdown of MsalOBP14 and MsalOrco impaired the olfactory response of M.saltuarius to 11 host volatiles and 1 sex pheromone compound.Y-tube experiments further confirmed that downregulated MsalOBP14 and MsalOrco expression led to olfactory dysfunction in M.saltuarius,which significantly lost selectivity.The results indicate that MsalOBP14 and MsalOrco play critical roles in sex communication and host volatile detection in M.saltuarius,and possibly represent 2 effective targets for controlling this forest pest through olfactory disruption.
基金This research was funded by the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(grant number CARS-44-KXJ22)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province,China(grant numbers:201901D211356 and 20210302123369).
文摘Insulin receptors(InR)are an integral component of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway,which plays a vital role in insect development,lifespan,reproduction,and olfactory sensitivity.However,whether InR participate in the periph-eral olfactory system of insects remains unclear.Recently,we found that 2-heptanone(2-HT)affects AcerlnR expression,the gene for an InR protein,in Apis cerana cerana.We then examined the spatiotemporal expression profile of the gene in A.cerana cerana.The mRNA of AcerlnR was primarily expressed in the antennae,wings,and legs of forager bees,which are probable chemosensory tissues.The results of fluorescence competitive binding assays,combined with site-directed mutagenesis,demonstrated that AcerOBP6 and AcerOBP14 exhibit strong binding affinities to 2-HT.Furthermore,after foragers were fed with double-stranded AcerlnR,the expression levels of AcerOBP6 and AcerOBP14 decreased significantly,as did the electroantennogram responsiveness to 2-HT and some other odorants.In conclusion,our findings provide a foundation for understanding the in-volvement of AcerlnR in the odor perception of A.cerana cerana.Moreover,they offer novel insights into the olfactory recognition mechanism in insects.
基金Acknowledgments We thank Lin Xiong and Xi-Yong Huang for providing the insects. We are grateful to anonymous reviewers for valuable comments and suggestions on earlier versions of this manuscript. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （31200492） and the Institute Special Fund for Basic Research, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment, and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry （CAFRIFEEP201102-5）.
文摘Pine caterpillar moths, Dendrolimus spp. （Lepidoptera： Lasiocampidae）, are serious economic pest of pines. Previously, phylogenetic analyses of Dendrolimus using different methods yielded inconsistent results. The chemosensory systems of insects may play fundamental roles in promoting speciation. Odorant-binding proteins （OBPs） participate in the first step of odor detection. Studying the evolution of OBPs in closely related species may help us to identify their role in speciation. We identified three OBPs - one pheromone-binding protein and two general odorant-binding proteins - from male antennae of four Dendrolimus species, D. superans （Butler）, D. punctatus （Walker）, D. kikuchii Matsumura, and D. houi Lajonquiere, the olfactory recognition systems of which had not been previously investigated. We analyzed their molecular characteristics and compared their sequences to those of OBPs in D. tabulaeformis Tsai et Liu. Ka/Ks ratio analyses among the five Dendrolimus species indicate that PBP1 genes experienced more evolutionary pressure than the GOBPs. Phylogenetic relationships of PBP1 and GOBP1 both indicated that D. houi was the basal species, then branched D. kikuchii, while D. tabulaeformis, D. punctatus, and D. superans evolved more recently. These relationships are consistent with the changes in sex pheromone components of these five species. Dendrolimus tabulaeformis and D. punctatus are closely related sister species. However, the distances among GOBP2 sequences in the five Dendrolimus were very short, and the relationships of D. houi and D. la＇kuchii could not be resolved. Integrating our results with those of previous studies, we hypothesized that D. kikuchii, D. punctatus and D. superans evolved from the basal ancestor because of sex pheromone mutations and environmental pressure.
