You can use the word“check”in many ways.When you check into something,you find out more about it.When you check something out,you look at that thing carefully.To check out a place,you may actually go there.When you ...You can use the word“check”in many ways.When you check into something,you find out more about it.When you check something out,you look at that thing carefully.To check out a place,you may actually go there.When you check in on someone,you go to their place.You may ask,“How are you doing?”展开更多
Model checking evaluates whether a statistical model faithfully captures the underlying data-generating process.Classical tests—such as local-smoothing and empirical-process methods—break down in high dimensions.Mor...Model checking evaluates whether a statistical model faithfully captures the underlying data-generating process.Classical tests—such as local-smoothing and empirical-process methods—break down in high dimensions.More recent approaches use predictiveness comparisons with flexible machine-learning model fitting procedures to yield algorithm-agnostic tests,yet they require large labeled samples.The authors introduce a prediction-powered,semi-supervised framework that:1)Imputes responses for unlabeled data via a pretrained model;2)Corrects imputation bias with a rectifier calibrated on labeled data;3)Adaptively balances these components through a data-driven power-tuning parameter.Building on algorithm-agnostic out-of-sample predictiveness comparisons,the proposed method integrates unlabeled information to enhance power.Theoretical analyses and numerical results demonstrate that the proposed test controls Type I error and substantially improves power over fully supervised counterparts,even under imputation-model misspecification.展开更多
This paper examines whether the parametric regression model is correctly specified for both source and target data and whether the regression pattern in the source domain aligns with that of the target domain.This eva...This paper examines whether the parametric regression model is correctly specified for both source and target data and whether the regression pattern in the source domain aligns with that of the target domain.This evaluation is a critical prerequisite for applying model-based transfer learning methods under covariate shift assumptions.Traditional regression model checks and twosample regression tests are insufficient to address this issue.To overcome these limitations,the authors propose a novel adaptive-to-regression test statistic that is asymptotically distribution-free.Under the null hypothesis,the test follows a chi-square weak limit,preserving the significance level and enabling critical value determination without resampling techniques.Additionally,the authors systematically analyze the test's power performance,highlighting its sensitivity to different sub-local alternatives that deviate from the null hypothesis.Numerical studies,including simulations,assess finite-sample performance,and a real-world data example is provided for illustration.展开更多
The proliferation of high-dimensional data and the widespread use of complex models present central challenges in contemporary statistics and data science.Dimension reduction and model checking,as two foundational pil...The proliferation of high-dimensional data and the widespread use of complex models present central challenges in contemporary statistics and data science.Dimension reduction and model checking,as two foundational pillars supporting scientific inference and data-driven decisionmaking,have evolved through the collective wisdom of generations of statisticians.This special issue,titled"Recent Developments in Dimension Reduction and Model Checking for regressions",not only aims to showcase cutting-edge advances in the field but also carries a distinct sense of academic homage to honor the groundbreaking and enduring contributions of Professor Lixing Zhu,a leading scholar whose work has profoundly shaped both areas.展开更多
Check dams are widely constructed on China's Loess Plateau,which had a total number of 58,776 by the end of 2019.Great achievements in check dam construction have been gained regarding the economic and environment...Check dams are widely constructed on China's Loess Plateau,which had a total number of 58,776 by the end of 2019.Great achievements in check dam construction have been gained regarding the economic and environmental impacts.This study reviews the remarkable benefits of check dams on the land reclamation and environmental improvement on the Loess Plateau,and sediment reduction entering the Yellow River.However,the flood incidents on check dams have been frequently reported for the past decades,which has attracted more attention in the context of climate change and extreme rainfall events recently.Advances in the flood migration techniques achieved by the research group led by the first author have been highlighted to migrate the breach risk of check dams due to floods.The“family tree method”has been proposed to determine the survival status and critical rainfall threshold of each check dam in the complicated dam system.An updated dam breach flood evaluation framework and the corresponding numerical algorithm(i.e.,DB-IWHR)have been developed.Moreover,innovative types of water-release facilities for check dams,including geobag stepped spillway and prestressed concrete cylinder pipe in the underlying conduit,have been proposed and developed.Finally,the perspectives concerning the check dam construction on the Loess Plateau have been put forward.展开更多
Inspired by the profoundly observed odd-even staggering and the inverted parabolic-like shape in charge radii along calcium isotopic chain,the ground state properties of calcium isotopes are investigated by constraini...Inspired by the profoundly observed odd-even staggering and the inverted parabolic-like shape in charge radii along calcium isotopic chain,the ground state properties of calcium isotopes are investigated by constraining the root-mean-square charge radii under the covariant energy density functionals with effective forces NL3 and PK1.In this work,the pairing correlations are tackled by solving the state-dependent Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer equations.The calculated results suggest that the binding energies obtained by the radius constraint method have been slightly changed by about 0.2%.But for charge radii,the corresponding results deriving from NL3 and PK1 forces have been increased by about 1.0%and 2.0%,respectively.This means that the charge radius is a more sensitive quantity in the calibrated protocol.Meanwhile,it is found that the reproduced charge radii of calcium isotopes are attributed to the rather strong isospin dependence of effective potential.The odd-even oscillation behavior can also be presented in the proton Fermi energies along calcium isotopic family,but keep opposite trends with respect to the corresponding binding energies and charge radii.As encountered in charge radii,the weakened odd-even oscillation behavior still emerged from the proton Fermi energies at the neutron numbers N=20 and 28 as well,but not in binding energies.展开更多
The implementation of the cascade check dam system, which integrates beam and closed-type dams, has been extensively adopted as a pivotal engineering measure for mitigating debris flow in Southwest China. In the post-...The implementation of the cascade check dam system, which integrates beam and closed-type dams, has been extensively adopted as a pivotal engineering measure for mitigating debris flow in Southwest China. In the post-debris flow events, it is imperative to quantitatively assess the volume of sediment volume captured by the cascade check dams and to monitor their impact on sediment dynamics. This study investigates the cascade check dams in Guanmenzi Gully, Beichuan County, Sichuan Province in Southwest China, surveying the reservoir topography of the dams on two occasions over a fiveyear period. The #3 closed-type dam, located in the upper upstream, the #2 closed-type dam, located in the middle stream(which was manually cleaned), and the beam dam, located in the downstream were all surveyed. A simplified yet accurate method was developed to estimate sediment volume within check dam reservoirs under complex topographic conditions. A combination of terrestrial surveys and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) based surveys was employed, resulting in the acquisition of two high-resolution Digital Elevation Models(DEMs) at different temporal intervals. The utilization of DEMs of Difference(DoD) facilitated the quantification of terrain variations and the sediment transport. The following conclusions were obtained: firstly, it was found that the volume of sediment trapped in the reservoirs of #2 closed-type dam and #1 beam dam were almost the same, with #3 closed-type dam being the smallest. The validation of the results in conjunction with the geometric method demonstrated that the percentage error was less than 7%, proving the reliability of the results. In addition, an analysis of changes in the detailed topography of the reservoirs revealed that the sediment deposit occurred in areas distant from the structures, while erosion exhibited concentration in specific areas close to the dams. The percentage volume of sediment deposit was found to be significantly higher than that of erosion(all higher than 85%). Furthermore, the excessive sediment deposition reduces the storage capacity of closed-type check dams, whereas in the case of beam dams, the maximum erosion amount in the reservoir is 35.8 m^(3) and the percentage of the maximum erosion amount is 14.00%. This suggests that the self-cleaning of beam dam can effectively slow down the sediment deposition process. Finally, the current study proposes an expression for storage capacity composition and suggests that, in engineering practice, emphasis should be placed on maintenance programs that synergize manual cleaning and self-cleaning of open-type check dams. The conclusions may facilitate the refinement of maintenance strategies of cascade check dams, thereby effectively preventing and mitigating debris flows.展开更多
BACKGROUND Bacterial contamination during colonoscopy is a significant concern,yet few studies have evaluated bacterial aerosols.This study aimed to determine whether covering the biopsy hole check valve with enzymoly...BACKGROUND Bacterial contamination during colonoscopy is a significant concern,yet few studies have evaluated bacterial aerosols.This study aimed to determine whether covering the biopsy hole check valve with enzymolysis gauze(refers to sterile gauze soaked in a multi-enzyme cleaning solution)reduces bacterial air pollution in endoscopy rooms.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of an enzymolysis gauze cover in reducing bacterial aerosols from the biopsy valve.METHODS This prospective,single-blind trial included 80 patients undergoing elective diagnostic colonoscopy.During the procedure,the biopsy hole check valve was either covered or left uncovered with enzymolysis gauze.Air samples(100 L)were collected at a distance of 30 cm from the biopsy hole check valve and approximately 140 cm above the floor using a percussive air sampling instrument.Gram-positive bacteria were cultured on standard 90 mm colimycin nalidixic agar blood plates.The primary outcome measures were bacterial load and species identification.RESULTS Covering the biopsy hole check valve with enzymolysis gauze reduced bacterial load near the check valve from 50 colony-forming unit(CFU)/m^(3)[interquartile range(IQR):30-80]to 20 CFU/m^(3)(IQR:10-20).At the end of the procedure each day,covering the valve also decreased bacterial load in the endoscopy room from 35 CFU/m^(3)(IQR:33-85)to 10 CFU/m^(3)(IQR:5-10).The predominant bacteria identified were Gram-positive cocci.CONCLUSION Applying enzymolysis gauze to cover the biopsy hole check valve significantly reduces bacterial aerosol contamination in endoscopy rooms during colonoscopy.展开更多
文摘You can use the word“check”in many ways.When you check into something,you find out more about it.When you check something out,you look at that thing carefully.To check out a place,you may actually go there.When you check in on someone,you go to their place.You may ask,“How are you doing?”
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant Nos.2022YFA1003800 and 2022YFA1003703the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.12531011,12231011 and 12471255+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai under Grant No.23ZR1419400the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No.63253110supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation General Funding Program under Grant No.2025M7730792025 Annual Planning Project of the Commerce Statistical Society of China under Grant No.2025STY115。
文摘Model checking evaluates whether a statistical model faithfully captures the underlying data-generating process.Classical tests—such as local-smoothing and empirical-process methods—break down in high dimensions.More recent approaches use predictiveness comparisons with flexible machine-learning model fitting procedures to yield algorithm-agnostic tests,yet they require large labeled samples.The authors introduce a prediction-powered,semi-supervised framework that:1)Imputes responses for unlabeled data via a pretrained model;2)Corrects imputation bias with a rectifier calibrated on labeled data;3)Adaptively balances these components through a data-driven power-tuning parameter.Building on algorithm-agnostic out-of-sample predictiveness comparisons,the proposed method integrates unlabeled information to enhance power.Theoretical analyses and numerical results demonstrate that the proposed test controls Type I error and substantially improves power over fully supervised counterparts,even under imputation-model misspecification.
基金supported by the Open Research Fund of Key Laboratory of Advanced Theory and Application in Statistics and Data Science(East China Normal University),Ministry of Educationsupported by the National Natural Scientific Foundation of China under Grant No.NSFC12131006the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of China Academy of Chinese Medical Science under Grant No.CI2023C063YLL。
文摘This paper examines whether the parametric regression model is correctly specified for both source and target data and whether the regression pattern in the source domain aligns with that of the target domain.This evaluation is a critical prerequisite for applying model-based transfer learning methods under covariate shift assumptions.Traditional regression model checks and twosample regression tests are insufficient to address this issue.To overcome these limitations,the authors propose a novel adaptive-to-regression test statistic that is asymptotically distribution-free.Under the null hypothesis,the test follows a chi-square weak limit,preserving the significance level and enabling critical value determination without resampling techniques.Additionally,the authors systematically analyze the test's power performance,highlighting its sensitivity to different sub-local alternatives that deviate from the null hypothesis.Numerical studies,including simulations,assess finite-sample performance,and a real-world data example is provided for illustration.
文摘The proliferation of high-dimensional data and the widespread use of complex models present central challenges in contemporary statistics and data science.Dimension reduction and model checking,as two foundational pillars supporting scientific inference and data-driven decisionmaking,have evolved through the collective wisdom of generations of statisticians.This special issue,titled"Recent Developments in Dimension Reduction and Model Checking for regressions",not only aims to showcase cutting-edge advances in the field but also carries a distinct sense of academic homage to honor the groundbreaking and enduring contributions of Professor Lixing Zhu,a leading scholar whose work has profoundly shaped both areas.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:42330719National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:U2443228+1 种基金Power Construction Corporation of China,Grant/Award Number:DJ-ZDXM-2021-51China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Grant/Award Number:GE121003A0042022。
文摘Check dams are widely constructed on China's Loess Plateau,which had a total number of 58,776 by the end of 2019.Great achievements in check dam construction have been gained regarding the economic and environmental impacts.This study reviews the remarkable benefits of check dams on the land reclamation and environmental improvement on the Loess Plateau,and sediment reduction entering the Yellow River.However,the flood incidents on check dams have been frequently reported for the past decades,which has attracted more attention in the context of climate change and extreme rainfall events recently.Advances in the flood migration techniques achieved by the research group led by the first author have been highlighted to migrate the breach risk of check dams due to floods.The“family tree method”has been proposed to determine the survival status and critical rainfall threshold of each check dam in the complicated dam system.An updated dam breach flood evaluation framework and the corresponding numerical algorithm(i.e.,DB-IWHR)have been developed.Moreover,innovative types of water-release facilities for check dams,including geobag stepped spillway and prestressed concrete cylinder pipe in the underlying conduit,have been proposed and developed.Finally,the perspectives concerning the check dam construction on the Loess Plateau have been put forward.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia Province,China(No.2024AAC03015)the Open Project of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Nuclear Technology,No.NLK2023-05+9 种基金the Central Government Guidance Funds for Local Scientific and Technological Development,China(No.Guike ZY22096024)the Key Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education,China(No.BEAM2024G04)the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants No.11705118,No.12175151the Major Project of the GuangDong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2021B0301030006)NT is grateful for the support of the key research and development project of Ningxia(Grant No.2024BEH04090)the Key Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education,China(No.BEAM2024G05)the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants No.12275025,No.11975096the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2020NTST06)supported by the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant No.2023YFA1606401the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants No.12135004,No.11635003,No.11961141004.
文摘Inspired by the profoundly observed odd-even staggering and the inverted parabolic-like shape in charge radii along calcium isotopic chain,the ground state properties of calcium isotopes are investigated by constraining the root-mean-square charge radii under the covariant energy density functionals with effective forces NL3 and PK1.In this work,the pairing correlations are tackled by solving the state-dependent Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer equations.The calculated results suggest that the binding energies obtained by the radius constraint method have been slightly changed by about 0.2%.But for charge radii,the corresponding results deriving from NL3 and PK1 forces have been increased by about 1.0%and 2.0%,respectively.This means that the charge radius is a more sensitive quantity in the calibrated protocol.Meanwhile,it is found that the reproduced charge radii of calcium isotopes are attributed to the rather strong isospin dependence of effective potential.The odd-even oscillation behavior can also be presented in the proton Fermi energies along calcium isotopic family,but keep opposite trends with respect to the corresponding binding energies and charge radii.As encountered in charge radii,the weakened odd-even oscillation behavior still emerged from the proton Fermi energies at the neutron numbers N=20 and 28 as well,but not in binding energies.
基金jointly funded by the National Key R&D Program of China (2024YFC3012705)the CAS Light of West China Program (Grant Recipient:Wanyu Zhao)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.42201095)the Postdoctoral Research Project Special Funding of Sichuan (Grant No.TB2023028)。
文摘The implementation of the cascade check dam system, which integrates beam and closed-type dams, has been extensively adopted as a pivotal engineering measure for mitigating debris flow in Southwest China. In the post-debris flow events, it is imperative to quantitatively assess the volume of sediment volume captured by the cascade check dams and to monitor their impact on sediment dynamics. This study investigates the cascade check dams in Guanmenzi Gully, Beichuan County, Sichuan Province in Southwest China, surveying the reservoir topography of the dams on two occasions over a fiveyear period. The #3 closed-type dam, located in the upper upstream, the #2 closed-type dam, located in the middle stream(which was manually cleaned), and the beam dam, located in the downstream were all surveyed. A simplified yet accurate method was developed to estimate sediment volume within check dam reservoirs under complex topographic conditions. A combination of terrestrial surveys and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) based surveys was employed, resulting in the acquisition of two high-resolution Digital Elevation Models(DEMs) at different temporal intervals. The utilization of DEMs of Difference(DoD) facilitated the quantification of terrain variations and the sediment transport. The following conclusions were obtained: firstly, it was found that the volume of sediment trapped in the reservoirs of #2 closed-type dam and #1 beam dam were almost the same, with #3 closed-type dam being the smallest. The validation of the results in conjunction with the geometric method demonstrated that the percentage error was less than 7%, proving the reliability of the results. In addition, an analysis of changes in the detailed topography of the reservoirs revealed that the sediment deposit occurred in areas distant from the structures, while erosion exhibited concentration in specific areas close to the dams. The percentage volume of sediment deposit was found to be significantly higher than that of erosion(all higher than 85%). Furthermore, the excessive sediment deposition reduces the storage capacity of closed-type check dams, whereas in the case of beam dams, the maximum erosion amount in the reservoir is 35.8 m^(3) and the percentage of the maximum erosion amount is 14.00%. This suggests that the self-cleaning of beam dam can effectively slow down the sediment deposition process. Finally, the current study proposes an expression for storage capacity composition and suggests that, in engineering practice, emphasis should be placed on maintenance programs that synergize manual cleaning and self-cleaning of open-type check dams. The conclusions may facilitate the refinement of maintenance strategies of cascade check dams, thereby effectively preventing and mitigating debris flows.
基金Supported by the Construction Fund of Key Medical Disciplines of Hangzhou,No.2025HZGF05the Key R and D Program of Zhejiang Province,No.2023C03054 and No.2024C03048+1 种基金the Key Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine(Digestive Diseases)in Zhejiang Province,No.2024-XK-61the Zhejiang Province Medical and Health Science and Technology Plan Project,No.2021KY848.
文摘BACKGROUND Bacterial contamination during colonoscopy is a significant concern,yet few studies have evaluated bacterial aerosols.This study aimed to determine whether covering the biopsy hole check valve with enzymolysis gauze(refers to sterile gauze soaked in a multi-enzyme cleaning solution)reduces bacterial air pollution in endoscopy rooms.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of an enzymolysis gauze cover in reducing bacterial aerosols from the biopsy valve.METHODS This prospective,single-blind trial included 80 patients undergoing elective diagnostic colonoscopy.During the procedure,the biopsy hole check valve was either covered or left uncovered with enzymolysis gauze.Air samples(100 L)were collected at a distance of 30 cm from the biopsy hole check valve and approximately 140 cm above the floor using a percussive air sampling instrument.Gram-positive bacteria were cultured on standard 90 mm colimycin nalidixic agar blood plates.The primary outcome measures were bacterial load and species identification.RESULTS Covering the biopsy hole check valve with enzymolysis gauze reduced bacterial load near the check valve from 50 colony-forming unit(CFU)/m^(3)[interquartile range(IQR):30-80]to 20 CFU/m^(3)(IQR:10-20).At the end of the procedure each day,covering the valve also decreased bacterial load in the endoscopy room from 35 CFU/m^(3)(IQR:33-85)to 10 CFU/m^(3)(IQR:5-10).The predominant bacteria identified were Gram-positive cocci.CONCLUSION Applying enzymolysis gauze to cover the biopsy hole check valve significantly reduces bacterial aerosol contamination in endoscopy rooms during colonoscopy.
