The purpose of this article is to introduce a new method with a self-adaptive stepsize for approximating a common solution of monotone inclusion problems and variational inequality problems in reflexive Banach spaces....The purpose of this article is to introduce a new method with a self-adaptive stepsize for approximating a common solution of monotone inclusion problems and variational inequality problems in reflexive Banach spaces.The strong convergence result for our method is established under some standard assumptions without any requirement of the knowledge of the Lipschitz constant of the mapping.Several numerical experiments are provided to verify the advantages and efficiency of proposed algorithms.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the suppressive effect of dexmedetomidine on the cough reflex during tracheal extubation in pediatric patients undergoing general anesthesia and its impact on vital signs.Methods:A total of 60...Objective:To investigate the suppressive effect of dexmedetomidine on the cough reflex during tracheal extubation in pediatric patients undergoing general anesthesia and its impact on vital signs.Methods:A total of 60 pediatric patients undergoing elective surgery admitted to our hospital from January to August 2025 were selected and randomly divided into an observation group and a control group,with 30 cases in each group,using a random number table method.The control group received an intravenous infusion of 0.9% sodium chloride injection 30 minutes before the end of surgery,while the observation group received an intravenous pump infusion of dexmedetomidine(1μg/kg,diluted to 4μg/ml with normal saline).The severity of cough(graded from 0 to 3)and vital signs,including heart rate(HR),systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),and pulse oxygen saturation(SpO₂),were recorded 5 minutes before extubation,at the time of extubation,and 5 minutes after extubation in both groups.Results:The severity of cough in the observation group was significantly milder than that in the control group(P<0.05),with a significantly higher proportion of grade 0 cough in the observation group(23.33%vs 3.33%).At extubation and five minutes post-extubation,the observation group exhibited significantly lower HR,SBP,and DBP than the control group(P<0.05).In contrast,SpO_(2)levels remained comparable between the groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:Dexmedetomidine can effectively suppress the cough reflex during tracheal extubation in pediatric patients undergoing general anesthesia,reduce the severity of cough,stabilize hemodynamic parameters,and has no significant impact on respiratory function,demonstrating good clinical safety.展开更多
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis(MS)is known to affect many sensory systems,yet most auditory research in MS has focused on the afferent pathways,with relatively few studies examining efferent function.The brainstem is a...BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis(MS)is known to affect many sensory systems,yet most auditory research in MS has focused on the afferent pathways,with relatively few studies examining efferent function.The brainstem is a common site for MS plaques,and the medial olivocochlear(MOC)system is located in the superior olivary complex(SOC)of the brainstem.The cochlear nuclei are also involved in the MOC reflex arc.Additionally,the temporal cortex can modulate the SOC and cochlear nucleus,so lesions in the brainstem or temporal cortex may affect the MOC reflex in MS.AIM To investigate efferent auditory system activity in patients with multiple sclerosis via the MOC reflex.METHODS The study included 50 patients with MS and 50 healthy controls.Patients with MS were divided into three subgroups according to cranial magnetic resonance imaging findings:Patients with brainstem lesions(Group 1,n=20);patients with temporal cortex lesions without brainstem involvement(Group 2,n=20);and patients without any lesions in the brainstem or temporal cortex(Group 3,n=10).Tympanometry,acoustic stapedial reflex thresholds,pure-tone audiometry,and transientevoked otoacoustic emission(TEOAE)tests(with and without contralateral noise)were performed for all participants.RESULTS There was no significant difference in pure-tone hearing thresholds or baseline TEOAE amplitudes between the MS and control groups,indicating normal cochlear function in patients with MS;however,MOC reflex suppression was significantly reduced in patients with MS compared to controls(P=0.021).In particular,Group 1(MS with brainstem lesions)showed the lowest mean suppression values,which was significantly lower than that of Group 2 and the control group(P=0.002).By contrast,Group 2 and Group 3 did not significantly differ from controls.Additionally,patients with MS exhibited a sex difference in MOC function:Male patients had significantly lower suppression compared to female patients both within Group 1 and in the MS group as a whole.CONCLUSION The findings indicate that the efferent auditory system(specifically the MOC reflex)is affected by MS.MOC reflex activity was most significantly decreased in patients with MS with brainstem lesions,while temporal cortex lesions alone did not appear to notably impair the MOC reflex.Diminished MOC activity may underlie various auditory difficulties in patients with MS(e.g.,hearing in noise),and loss of efferent suppression could contribute to symptoms such as hyperacusis or tinnitus in this population.Further studies are needed to better understand the relationship between MOC dysfunction and auditory symptoms in MS,as well as the potential diagnostic value of MOC testing in MS.展开更多
The cylindrical virtual cathode reflex triode is a new type of pulsed hard X-ray load,which has the advantages of simple structure,high radiation conversion efficiency,and simplicity in seriesparallel operation.This p...The cylindrical virtual cathode reflex triode is a new type of pulsed hard X-ray load,which has the advantages of simple structure,high radiation conversion efficiency,and simplicity in seriesparallel operation.This paper presents a method to reduce the impedance of the triode using a multiring cathode.The average electric field on the ring-cathode emission surface is enhanced due to edge effect,and the beam intensity is greatly increased in proportion to the square of the electric field strength.Multi-ring cathode is used to enlarge the emission area.Therefore,the reflex triode can work at lower impedance and generate a stronger beam under the same anode-cathode gap.In addition,the electric field enhancement of the cathode reduces the cathode emission stabilization time and enhances the operation stability of the triode.The effects of parameters such as ring width and ring gap on the triode impedance are simulated and studied.The cathode emission stabilization time and the X-ray conversion efficiency are compared.The design basis of cathode structure parameters and the impedance control method of the cylindrical virtual cathode reflex triode are given according to the simulations.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the effects of different light intensities and various mydriatic and miotic drugs on pupil accommodation in guinea pigs.METHODS:Forty-two-week-old guinea pigs were randomly divided into four groups ...AIM:To investigate the effects of different light intensities and various mydriatic and miotic drugs on pupil accommodation in guinea pigs.METHODS:Forty-two-week-old guinea pigs were randomly divided into four groups to assess pupillary responses under varying light intensities(100,250,500 lx)and pharmacological interventions(1%atropine,1%cyclopentolate,1%tropicamide,or 2%pilocarpine).Baseline pupil size and eccentricity were recorded using a non-contact Python-based imaging system integrating edge detection and pixel-to-distance conversion.Direct illumination effects were measured at sequential time points,followed by drug administration and longitudinal tracking of pupillary changes.The protocol was repeated at 12wk of age for developmental comparisons.Postexperiment,enucleated eyes were analyzed to evaluate in vitro vs in vivo differences.RESULTS:Significant age-dependent differences in pupil dynamics were observed.Both 2-and 12-week-old guinea pigs exhibited marked pupil constriction under direct illumination(P<0.001),with decreased eccentricity post-constriction(P<0.001).Indirect illumination caused inconsistent pupil size changes(2-week:P=0.68;12-week:P=0.49).Pharmacologically,atropine,cyclopentolate,and tropicamide induced pupil dilation(P<0.001),whereas pilocarpine caused constriction(P<0.001).All drug groups showed reduced eccentricity(P<0.001).In vivo/in vitro comparisons revealed significant structural differences.CONCLUSION:This study investigates pupillary responses in developing guinea pigs,revealing a direct pupillary light reflex(PLR)with light intensity-dependent responses,while indirect PLR was undetectable.The differential effects of muscarinic modulators on pupillary responses underscore the critical role of cholinergic signaling in ocular accommodation,with age-related variations in sensitivity.Additionally,a novel non-contact measurement methodology achieved a precision of 0.01 mm for pupillary quantification,enhancing accuracy in ocular studies.展开更多
目的探讨不同类型人工辅助咳嗽(manually assisted coughing,MAC)技术对脑干卒中患者咳嗽功能、痰液清除能力及肺功能的影响,为卒中后咳嗽功能障碍的康复干预提供临床依据。方法采用前瞻性随机对照设计,连续纳入2023年5月—2024年5月于...目的探讨不同类型人工辅助咳嗽(manually assisted coughing,MAC)技术对脑干卒中患者咳嗽功能、痰液清除能力及肺功能的影响,为卒中后咳嗽功能障碍的康复干预提供临床依据。方法采用前瞻性随机对照设计,连续纳入2023年5月—2024年5月于北京小汤山医院运动康复科住院的脑干卒中患者,将其随机分为膈肌刺激组、气管刺激组和舌根刺激组。3组患者均接受常规康复治疗及呼吸训练,在此基础上,各组分别接受膈肌刺激、气管刺激或舌根刺激干预,每日2次,每次30 min,每周5 d,持续2周。干预前、后采用便携式肺功能检测仪测量峰值咳嗽流量(peak cough flow,PCF),检测24 h痰液量,通过运动心肺功能测试系统检测用力肺活量(forced vital capacity,FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积(forced expiratory volume in one second,FEV1)、呼气流量峰值(peak expiratory flow,PEF)等静态肺功能指标,并使用超声评估吸气末膈肌厚度(diaphragm thickness at the end of inspiration,TEI)、呼气末膈肌厚度(diaphragm thickness at the end of expiration,TEE)、膈肌厚度分数(diaphragm thickness fraction,DTF)、膈肌移动度(diaphragmatic mobility,DM)等膈肌参数。记录干预后肺炎发生率。结果共纳入33例脑干卒中患者,每组11例。干预后,3组患者的PCF、FVC、FEV1、PEF、TEI、TEE及DTF较干预前均显著提高(均P<0.05),24 h痰液量显著降低(P<0.05)。干预后组间两两比较显示,舌根刺激组的24 h痰液量改善效果优于膈肌刺激组[(35.64±10.71)mL vs.(46.09±9.52)mL,P=0.025];舌根刺激组与气管刺激组的FVC、FEV1、PEF均优于膈肌刺激组(均P<0.05)。干预后3组在PCF、TEI、TEE、DTF等方面的差异均无统计学意义。干预后膈肌刺激组的肺炎发生率为36.4%,气管刺激组为18.2%,舌根刺激组为9.1%,组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.439)。结论膈肌刺激、气管刺激和舌根刺激3种MAC技术均可有效改善脑干卒中患者的咳嗽功能、肺功能及痰液清除能力,其中舌根刺激在诱发咳嗽反射和改善排痰方面的效果更佳。展开更多
基金Supported by NSFC(No.12171062)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(No.CSTB2022NSCQ-JQX0004)+1 种基金the Chongqing Talent Support Program(No.cstc2024ycjh-bgzxm0121)Science and Technology Project of Chongqing Education Committee(No.KJZD-M202300503)。
文摘The purpose of this article is to introduce a new method with a self-adaptive stepsize for approximating a common solution of monotone inclusion problems and variational inequality problems in reflexive Banach spaces.The strong convergence result for our method is established under some standard assumptions without any requirement of the knowledge of the Lipschitz constant of the mapping.Several numerical experiments are provided to verify the advantages and efficiency of proposed algorithms.
文摘Objective:To investigate the suppressive effect of dexmedetomidine on the cough reflex during tracheal extubation in pediatric patients undergoing general anesthesia and its impact on vital signs.Methods:A total of 60 pediatric patients undergoing elective surgery admitted to our hospital from January to August 2025 were selected and randomly divided into an observation group and a control group,with 30 cases in each group,using a random number table method.The control group received an intravenous infusion of 0.9% sodium chloride injection 30 minutes before the end of surgery,while the observation group received an intravenous pump infusion of dexmedetomidine(1μg/kg,diluted to 4μg/ml with normal saline).The severity of cough(graded from 0 to 3)and vital signs,including heart rate(HR),systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),and pulse oxygen saturation(SpO₂),were recorded 5 minutes before extubation,at the time of extubation,and 5 minutes after extubation in both groups.Results:The severity of cough in the observation group was significantly milder than that in the control group(P<0.05),with a significantly higher proportion of grade 0 cough in the observation group(23.33%vs 3.33%).At extubation and five minutes post-extubation,the observation group exhibited significantly lower HR,SBP,and DBP than the control group(P<0.05).In contrast,SpO_(2)levels remained comparable between the groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:Dexmedetomidine can effectively suppress the cough reflex during tracheal extubation in pediatric patients undergoing general anesthesia,reduce the severity of cough,stabilize hemodynamic parameters,and has no significant impact on respiratory function,demonstrating good clinical safety.
文摘BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis(MS)is known to affect many sensory systems,yet most auditory research in MS has focused on the afferent pathways,with relatively few studies examining efferent function.The brainstem is a common site for MS plaques,and the medial olivocochlear(MOC)system is located in the superior olivary complex(SOC)of the brainstem.The cochlear nuclei are also involved in the MOC reflex arc.Additionally,the temporal cortex can modulate the SOC and cochlear nucleus,so lesions in the brainstem or temporal cortex may affect the MOC reflex in MS.AIM To investigate efferent auditory system activity in patients with multiple sclerosis via the MOC reflex.METHODS The study included 50 patients with MS and 50 healthy controls.Patients with MS were divided into three subgroups according to cranial magnetic resonance imaging findings:Patients with brainstem lesions(Group 1,n=20);patients with temporal cortex lesions without brainstem involvement(Group 2,n=20);and patients without any lesions in the brainstem or temporal cortex(Group 3,n=10).Tympanometry,acoustic stapedial reflex thresholds,pure-tone audiometry,and transientevoked otoacoustic emission(TEOAE)tests(with and without contralateral noise)were performed for all participants.RESULTS There was no significant difference in pure-tone hearing thresholds or baseline TEOAE amplitudes between the MS and control groups,indicating normal cochlear function in patients with MS;however,MOC reflex suppression was significantly reduced in patients with MS compared to controls(P=0.021).In particular,Group 1(MS with brainstem lesions)showed the lowest mean suppression values,which was significantly lower than that of Group 2 and the control group(P=0.002).By contrast,Group 2 and Group 3 did not significantly differ from controls.Additionally,patients with MS exhibited a sex difference in MOC function:Male patients had significantly lower suppression compared to female patients both within Group 1 and in the MS group as a whole.CONCLUSION The findings indicate that the efferent auditory system(specifically the MOC reflex)is affected by MS.MOC reflex activity was most significantly decreased in patients with MS with brainstem lesions,while temporal cortex lesions alone did not appear to notably impair the MOC reflex.Diminished MOC activity may underlie various auditory difficulties in patients with MS(e.g.,hearing in noise),and loss of efferent suppression could contribute to symptoms such as hyperacusis or tinnitus in this population.Further studies are needed to better understand the relationship between MOC dysfunction and auditory symptoms in MS,as well as the potential diagnostic value of MOC testing in MS.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12027811 and 12275222)。
文摘The cylindrical virtual cathode reflex triode is a new type of pulsed hard X-ray load,which has the advantages of simple structure,high radiation conversion efficiency,and simplicity in seriesparallel operation.This paper presents a method to reduce the impedance of the triode using a multiring cathode.The average electric field on the ring-cathode emission surface is enhanced due to edge effect,and the beam intensity is greatly increased in proportion to the square of the electric field strength.Multi-ring cathode is used to enlarge the emission area.Therefore,the reflex triode can work at lower impedance and generate a stronger beam under the same anode-cathode gap.In addition,the electric field enhancement of the cathode reduces the cathode emission stabilization time and enhances the operation stability of the triode.The effects of parameters such as ring width and ring gap on the triode impedance are simulated and studied.The cathode emission stabilization time and the X-ray conversion efficiency are compared.The design basis of cathode structure parameters and the impedance control method of the cylindrical virtual cathode reflex triode are given according to the simulations.
文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of different light intensities and various mydriatic and miotic drugs on pupil accommodation in guinea pigs.METHODS:Forty-two-week-old guinea pigs were randomly divided into four groups to assess pupillary responses under varying light intensities(100,250,500 lx)and pharmacological interventions(1%atropine,1%cyclopentolate,1%tropicamide,or 2%pilocarpine).Baseline pupil size and eccentricity were recorded using a non-contact Python-based imaging system integrating edge detection and pixel-to-distance conversion.Direct illumination effects were measured at sequential time points,followed by drug administration and longitudinal tracking of pupillary changes.The protocol was repeated at 12wk of age for developmental comparisons.Postexperiment,enucleated eyes were analyzed to evaluate in vitro vs in vivo differences.RESULTS:Significant age-dependent differences in pupil dynamics were observed.Both 2-and 12-week-old guinea pigs exhibited marked pupil constriction under direct illumination(P<0.001),with decreased eccentricity post-constriction(P<0.001).Indirect illumination caused inconsistent pupil size changes(2-week:P=0.68;12-week:P=0.49).Pharmacologically,atropine,cyclopentolate,and tropicamide induced pupil dilation(P<0.001),whereas pilocarpine caused constriction(P<0.001).All drug groups showed reduced eccentricity(P<0.001).In vivo/in vitro comparisons revealed significant structural differences.CONCLUSION:This study investigates pupillary responses in developing guinea pigs,revealing a direct pupillary light reflex(PLR)with light intensity-dependent responses,while indirect PLR was undetectable.The differential effects of muscarinic modulators on pupillary responses underscore the critical role of cholinergic signaling in ocular accommodation,with age-related variations in sensitivity.Additionally,a novel non-contact measurement methodology achieved a precision of 0.01 mm for pupillary quantification,enhancing accuracy in ocular studies.
文摘目的探讨不同类型人工辅助咳嗽(manually assisted coughing,MAC)技术对脑干卒中患者咳嗽功能、痰液清除能力及肺功能的影响,为卒中后咳嗽功能障碍的康复干预提供临床依据。方法采用前瞻性随机对照设计,连续纳入2023年5月—2024年5月于北京小汤山医院运动康复科住院的脑干卒中患者,将其随机分为膈肌刺激组、气管刺激组和舌根刺激组。3组患者均接受常规康复治疗及呼吸训练,在此基础上,各组分别接受膈肌刺激、气管刺激或舌根刺激干预,每日2次,每次30 min,每周5 d,持续2周。干预前、后采用便携式肺功能检测仪测量峰值咳嗽流量(peak cough flow,PCF),检测24 h痰液量,通过运动心肺功能测试系统检测用力肺活量(forced vital capacity,FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积(forced expiratory volume in one second,FEV1)、呼气流量峰值(peak expiratory flow,PEF)等静态肺功能指标,并使用超声评估吸气末膈肌厚度(diaphragm thickness at the end of inspiration,TEI)、呼气末膈肌厚度(diaphragm thickness at the end of expiration,TEE)、膈肌厚度分数(diaphragm thickness fraction,DTF)、膈肌移动度(diaphragmatic mobility,DM)等膈肌参数。记录干预后肺炎发生率。结果共纳入33例脑干卒中患者,每组11例。干预后,3组患者的PCF、FVC、FEV1、PEF、TEI、TEE及DTF较干预前均显著提高(均P<0.05),24 h痰液量显著降低(P<0.05)。干预后组间两两比较显示,舌根刺激组的24 h痰液量改善效果优于膈肌刺激组[(35.64±10.71)mL vs.(46.09±9.52)mL,P=0.025];舌根刺激组与气管刺激组的FVC、FEV1、PEF均优于膈肌刺激组(均P<0.05)。干预后3组在PCF、TEI、TEE、DTF等方面的差异均无统计学意义。干预后膈肌刺激组的肺炎发生率为36.4%,气管刺激组为18.2%,舌根刺激组为9.1%,组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.439)。结论膈肌刺激、气管刺激和舌根刺激3种MAC技术均可有效改善脑干卒中患者的咳嗽功能、肺功能及痰液清除能力,其中舌根刺激在诱发咳嗽反射和改善排痰方面的效果更佳。
